DOCSLIB.ORG

Metallographic Techniques for Copper Beryllium and Nickel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metallographic Techniques for Copper Beryllium and Nickel Metallographic Techniques For Beryllium Copper and Beryllium Nickel Alloys by John Harkness and Dr. Amitava Guha Beryllium copper and beryllium nickel alloys can be article "Toxicity of Metal Powders" in Volume 7 of easily examined metallographically by following the 9th Edition of the ASM Metals Handbook. standard procedures. These procedures are outlined Conventional, commercially available in detail in this paper and provide the information metallographic preparation facilities normally can necessary for examining the structure of these be used safely to prepare these alloys. alloys. This paper describes procedures for selecting a metallographic specimen; mounting, grinding and Specimen Preparation polishing the specimen; and etching it to reveal the Metallographic equipment and procedures for metallurgical structure. The included beryllium-containing alloys are much the same as photomicrographs serve as examples of the those recommended for general metallurgical structure of commonly used tempers of these laboratory use. commercial alloys. Sectioning of specimens is carried out by sawing, Health and Safety abrasive cutting, or shearing, depending on section thickness and strength. Abrasive wheels formulated Despite low concentrations of beryllium in for nonferrous or medium-hardness materials and commercial beryllium copper and beryllium nickel general purpose use are satisfactory for beryllium alloys (nominally 2 wt% or less), these materials copper. Wheels formulated for hard materials and can be hazardous to health if excessive quantities of heavy sections are better for beryllium nickel. dusts, mists, or fumes containing particles of alloy Abrasive cutting should be performed wet to avoid small enough (10/um or less) to enter the lungs are thermal damage to the specimen and to minimize inhaled. Special precautions are not required for metallic dust. Sufficient surface metal is then metallographic sectioning, grinding, or polishing removed from the sectioned faces of the specimen performed wet with water or cutting oil or for dry by wet rough grinding to eliminate any deformed shearing of clean, thin-section strip or wire. material introduced during sectioning. Adequate ventilation should be provided for dry Mounting is usually required for specimens too sectioning, grinding or polishing operations which small to be hand-held while polishing or for those produce dust or fumes. Metallographic preparation requiring edge preservation. Flat strip or transverse equipment and laboratory work surfaces should be sections of small diameter rod and wire may be damp wiped periodically to remove accumulation of stacked and gripped in reusable metal screw clamps dry alloy particles. Beryllium-containing alloys are for unembedded preparation. Alternatively, samples not harmful in contact with skin or wounds, or if may be embedded with cold-mounting or swallowed. For additional information, see the compression-molding resins. Commercial metal or https://materion.com/products/high-performance-alloys plastic sample clips are used to stand the sample cylindrical metallographic mounts or various upright in the mold. Transparent mounting resins numbers and sizes of unembedded samples. The are preferred for delicate fabricated parts, such as holders are rotated by the sample mover head of the electrical contacts, to help locate features of machine at approximately 150 rpm and are interest in the final plane of polish. When distortion mechanically pressed against the rotating work of the sample under pressure is to be avoided, wheel, which can be a coarse grinding stone, a cold-mounting is favored over compression wheel accepting successively finer grades of molding. abrasive paper, or a cloth covered polishing wheel. Edge retention may be enhanced by nickel plating Some systems also employ lapping techniques. prior to mounting or by using hard compression- Work wheels must be manually changed between molding resins formulated for edge preservation. preparation steps, but the specimens are never Glass beads or alumina (Al203) granules added to removed from the holder until they are ready to be cold-mounting resins for the same purpose will etched. This preserves a common plane of polish likely contaminate the polishing wheel and cause and maintains flatness of the prepared surfaces. undesirable specimen scratching, particularly in the Due to the high pressures and short cycle times softer forms of beryllium copper. typically used, these automatic machines increase Grinding. Coarse grinding is performed wet on a metallographic laboratory productivity and improve belt or disk grinder using 120 or 180 grit abrasive edge preservation and phase retention. paper to remove any deformed metal layer. Fine Automatic metallographic preparation techniques grinding is also performed wet, either by hand on vary according to the machine used and materials strips of abrasive paper or mechanically on 300 rpm being prepared, but the following procedures have or faster disks using, successively, 240, 320, 400 been successfully used for beryllium-containing and 600 grit abrasives. The sample is rotated 90° alloys and can be adapted to any automatic system. between each grinding. Silicon carbide or Al203 Holders containing mounted specimens or abrasives may be used. relatively square cut, unembedded specimens are Mechanical polishing is usually accomplished in rough ground on 120 or 240 grit paper and fine rough and final stages. Rough polishing is ground on, successively, 240, 320,400 and 600 grit performed using a 6/zm diamond on a wheel papers. Very uneven, unembedded specimens may covered with a hard, napless chemotextile cloth. require coarse 60 or 80 grit stone or paper grinding Extender oil is applied sparingly, and the wheel is to bring all the samples in a holder to a single plane rotated at approximately 300 rpm or less. The of polish. A copious flow of recirculated specimen is initially positioned so that the direction water-base coolant is applied to the work wheel of polishing is perpendicular to the 600 grit grinding during each grinding step. It is not necessary to scratches. Maintaining this orientation, it is briefly wash the samples in the holder between grindings. rotated counter to the rotation of the wheel to Wheel speeds of 150 rpm, pressures of 150 N distribute the rough polishing scratches randomly. (35 Ibf), and times of approximately 30 seconds per Final polishing is performed using 0.05/im Al203 grinding are usually sufficient. Zirconia (Zr02) in distilled water suspension and a wheel covered abrasive papers will last longer than silicon carbide with low-nap rayon cloth. Speeds are the same as or Al203 under these grinding conditions. The those used for coarse polishing. The wheel is kept loaded sample holder is then ultrasonically cleaned moderately saturated with polishing suspension, in alcohol, dried in an air blast and returned to the and the specimen is counter-rotated to vary the machine for polishing. direction of final polishing. An exception to this Two or three polishings may be employed. One procedure is the case of the softer annealed or approach, which applies primarily to holders lightly cold worked tempers of beryllium copper, in containing up to six 30 mm (1.25 inch) diameter which unidirectional final polishing parallel to the mounts, begins with 6/um diamond on a hard, specimen long axis helps to minimize scratching. napless chemotextile, proceeds to 3/zm diamond on The specimen is washed under running water after a low-nap cloth and finishes with 1/um diamond on each polishing step with mild soap and a cotton a soft, high-nap cloth. Wheel speed in each case is swab, then rinsed with alcohol and dried under a 150 rpm. The first and second polishings use a warm air blast. pressure of 150 N (35 Ibf) for 2 min per step; the Automatic Grinding and Polishing. Several final polishing, 100 N (25 Ibf) pressure for 35 automatic metallographic preparation machines are seconds. Polishing extender is dripped sparingly on available that provide rapid and reproducible the wheels during each step, and the sample holder grinding and polishing of multiple specimens and work wheels should rotate in the same through the use of preset pressure control and a direction in each step. cycle timer. These machines use metal sample Another approach, useful for high volume holder disks that accommodate 4 to 12 or more production of embedded and unembedded samples. - 2- is to use a 9//m diamond slurry on a lapping disk, concentrated HN03 presoak is omitted to avoid followed by a 0.3yum Al20 3 suspension on a low-nap pitting. rayon cloth, with an optional intermediate step of In addition to grain structure and flow patterns, 3yum Al203 suspension on a hard chemotextile. macroetched samples of beryllium coppers with Times and pressures are varied to suit the size and 1.6 wt% or more Be reveal locally heat-affected number of samples. zones as light etched areas if reannealed or unaged The sample holder is ultrasonically cleaned and and as dark etched areas if aged. Light etched or dried after each polishing, and the samples are then reddish colored areas adjacent to exterior or crack removed from the holder for etching and final surfaces in uniformly aged materials usually signal examination. Specimens of different alloys and environmental attack leading to local depletion of hardnesses usually may be mixed in a single holder beryllium and lack of aging response. Matrix without harming the prepared surfaces of the softer darkening on etching is not as pronounced in aged samples. beryllium nickel and is absent in beryllium coppers ElectropoSishing. Clean, as-rolled strip surfaces containing less than 0.6 wt% Be, limiting the or sectioned sample faces of beryllium copper alloys information revealed by macroetching of these prepared through 400 to 600 grit grinding paper alloys essentially to matters of grain morphology. may be electropolished. A satisfactory all-purpose Castings and cast billet exhibit columnar dendritic electrolyte for beryllium copper alloys is a mixture and/or equiaxed grain growth depending upon of 1 part nitric acid (HN03) and 2 parts methanol solidification conditions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) Non-Ferrous Alloys Copper Beryllium Castings, Extrusions, and Forgings
    SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS) Non-Ferrous Alloys Copper Beryllium Castings, Extrusions, and Forgings No. J79-198, Rev. 1 Dated 30-07-2015 SECTION 1: PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Product Identifier: Copper Beryllium Castings, Extrusions, Forgings, and Safety Tools Manufacturer's Name: AMPCO METAL S.A. Route de Chesalles 48 P.O. Box 45 1723 Marly 1 Switzerland E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.ampcometal.com Contact / Telephone number (non emergency) +41 26 439 93 00 Material Name: Copper Base Alloy Castings, Rods, Bars, Tubes, Shapes, Flat Products, Scrap Materials and Safety Tools. These materials are commonly referred to as High-Copper Alloys, AMPCOLOY 83, AMPCOLOY 89, AMPCOLOY 91, AMPCOLOY 95 Beryllium Copper, Copper Beryllium, BeCu, CuBe SECTION 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Dust or fumes generated by machining, grinding, sawing, blasting, polishing, buffing, brazing, soldering, welding or thermal cutting of the casting may produce airborne contaminants (see Section 8) that are hazardous. Emergency Overview If the material is involved in a fire, pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing must be worn by persons potentially exposed to the metal fumes or airborne particulate. Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC as amended Classification Carc. Cat. 2;R49, Xn;R48/20, R42/43 Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 as amended Health hazards Respiratory sensitisation Category 1 H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. Skin sensitisation Category 1 H317 - May cause allergic skin reaction. Carcinogenicity Category 1B H350i - May cause cancer by inhalation. Specific target organ toxicity - repeated Category 1 exposure5 H372 - Causes damage to organs (respiratory system) through prolonged or repeated exposure by inhalation.
    [Show full text]
  • Uddeholm Coolmould EN
    Uddeholm Coolmould® Coolmould eng 1706 e1.indd 1 2017-09-28 11:34 Uddeholm Coolmould Coolmould® is trademark registered in the European Union. © UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose. Classified according to EU Directive 1999/45/EC For further information see our “Material Safety Data Sheets”. Edition 2, 09.2017 2 Coolmould eng 1706 e1.indd 2 2017-09-28 11:34 Uddeholm Coolmould GENERAL APPLICATIONS Uddeholm Coolmould is a high-strength The special properties of Uddeholm beryllium copper mould alloy for plastics Coolmould beryllium copper alloy make it a moulding applications. Its main properties suitable mould/core/insert material for a wide include: variety of moulding situations but especially • high thermal conductivity where a combination of high thermal conduc- • good corrosion resistance tivity, corrosion resistance and good polish- • good polishability ability are needed. • good wear resistance • Blow moulds: pinch offs, neck rings and • good resistance to galling handle inserts • good machinability • Injection mould: moulds, cores, inserts • high strength and hardness • Injection nozzles and manifolds for hot • excellent weldability runner systems Typical analysis % Be Co + Ni Cu 1.9 0.25 Bal. PROPERTIES Delivery condition Aged to ~40 HRC PHYSICAL DATA Colour code Black/Gold Data at room and elevated temperatures. Temperature 20°C 200°C 300°C Uddeholm Coolmould is widely used for (68°F) (390°F) (570°F) injection moulding tools or as cores and Density inserts in steel moulds.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper and Copper Alloys
    Copper and Copper Alloys Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys MECHANICAL PROPERTIES F) CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ° CDA ALLOY (%) TENSILE STRENGTH YIELD STRENGTH ELONGATION F) ALLOY NO. NAME ° (KPSI) (KPSI) (%) Cu OTHER HARD SOFT HARD SOFT HARD SOFT DENSITY (LB/CU IN) ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (%IACS @ 68 APPROXIMATE MELTING POINT ( RESISTIVITY (OHMS-CIRC. MIL/FT) Certified 99.99 C10100 — 101 10.3 1981 55 34 50 11 6 36 OFHC Copper Min. .323 OFHC 99.95 C10200 — 101 10.3 1981 55 34 50 11 6 36 Copper Min. .323 ETP 99.90 C11000 O .04 100 10.3 1949 55 34 50 12 5 36 Copper Min. .323 C15000 Zirconium 99.85 Zr .15 .321 93 11.2 1796 64 30 62 13 1.5 30 Copper C17200 Beryllium 98.1 Be 1.9 .298 22 46.2 1590 152 68 125 28 1 42 Copper Cartridge C26000 70 Zn 30 .308 28 37.0 1680 109 52 68 21 5 30 Brass Phosphor Sn 5.0 C51000 94.8 .320 15 69.1 1750 110 51 85 21 5 49 Bronze P .2 Properties are nominal values, and should not be used for specification purposes. Elongation values are generally size dependent. Certified OFHC Copper (CDA C10100) This is an unalloyed, high purity copper that has excellent forming and brazing characteristics, as well as resistance to hydrogen embrittlement at elevated temperatures. It has good solderability and corrosion resistance, and may be used in any high current application. Both grades of OFHC copper are available in round and shaped wire and may be substituted for ETP copper wherever optimal properties of copper are desired.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Copper Beryllium Wire Bar Tube Plate
    strip rod Guide to Copper Beryllium wire bar tube plate Brush Wellman is the leading worldwide supplier of High Performance Copper Alloys, including Copper Beryllium. We provide manufacturing excellence in the form of high reliability products and services to satisfy our customers’ most demanding applications. We provide these services in a culture of local support and global teamwork. © 2002 Brush Wellman Inc. Cleveland, Ohio Product Guide - Strip Content Alloy Guide . 3 Wrought Alloys. 4 Wrought Products . 5 Physical Properties . 6 Product Guide . 7 Strip . 8 Temper Designations . 9 Mechanical and Electrical Properties. 10 Forming . 12 Stress Relaxation . 13 Wire. 14 Rod, Bar and Tube . 16 Plate and Rolled Bar. 18 Forgings and Extrusions . 20 Drill String Products . 21 Other Products and Services . 22 Engineering Guide. 23 Heat Treatment Fundamentals. 24 Phase Diagrams . 24 Cold Work Response . 25 Age Hardening . 26 Microstructures . 29 Cleaning and Finishing. 30 Joining-Soldering, Brazing and Welding. 31 Machining. 32 Hardness . 33 Fatigue Strength . 35 Corrosion Resistance . 36 Other Attributes . 37 Your Supplier . 39 This is Brush Wellman . 40 Company History. 40 Corporate Profile. 40 Mining and Manufacturing.. 41 Product Distribution . 42 Customer Service . 43 Quality . 43 Safe Handling . 44 2 Alloy Guide Wrought Alloys 4 Wrought Products 5 Physical Properties 6 The copper beryllium alloys commonly supplied in wrought product form are highlighted in this section. Wrought products are those in which final shape is achieved by working rather than by casting. Cast alloys are described in separate Brush Wellman publications. Although the alloys in this guide are foremost in the line that has established Brush Wellman’s worldwide reputation for quality, they are not the only possibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Beryllium and Its Compounds
    Proposed RoHS Additional Substances Consultation – Beryllium and its compounds Submitted by: John Wagner Director of Materials Management Association of Equipment Manufacturers Email: [email protected] Tel: 001 414 298 4164 Background and issues caused by substitution AEM is a US trade association representing manufacturers of industrial equipment including products in the construction and agricultural sectors. Some of AEM members’ products are in scope of the RoHS directive although many are excluded as types of professional Non-Road Mobile Machinery (as defined by RoHS) or as equipment that is specifically designed to be installed in excluded types of equipment. Products that are in scope are believed to be mainly in RoHS category 11 with some in categories 6 and 9. Most AEM members’ products are complex products designed for long lifetimes and high reliability. They must comply with other legislation apart from RoHS, such as the Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) Emissions Regulation that necessitates gaining approval in the EU from a Notified Body after any changes are made to product design such as would result from new RoHS restrictions. The NRMM Regulation requires engines to meet strict emissions limits, have proven reliability and long lifetimes and manufacturers must test engines to obtain this data before approval can be granted. Another issue for AEM’s members is that most of their products have niche uses and are not made in large numbers. However many of the component parts used are obtained from suppliers whose main markets are types of products that are excluded from RoHS, such as in heavy goods vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • Copper Alloys
    THE COPPER ADVANTAGE A Guide to Working With Copper and Copper Alloys www.antimicrobialcopper.com CONTENTS I. Introduction ............................. 3 PREFACE Conductivity .....................................4 Strength ..........................................4 The information in this guide includes an overview of the well- Formability ......................................4 known physical, mechanical and chemical properties of copper, Joining ...........................................4 as well as more recent scientific findings that show copper has Corrosion ........................................4 an intrinsic antimicrobial property. Working and finishing Copper is Antimicrobial ....................... 4 techniques, alloy families, coloration and other attributes are addressed, illustrating that copper and its alloys are so Color ..............................................5 adaptable that they can be used in a multitude of applications Copper Alloy Families .......................... 5 in almost every industry, from door handles to electrical circuitry to heat exchangers. II. Physical Properties ..................... 8 Copper’s malleability, machinability and conductivity have Properties ....................................... 8 made it a longtime favorite metal of manufacturers and Electrical & Thermal Conductivity ........... 8 engineers, but it is its antimicrobial property that will extend that popularity into the future. This guide describes that property and illustrates how it can benefit everything from III. Mechanical
    [Show full text]
  • 5Th-12Th Grade Concert Percussion Curriculum: a Detailed Guide to Techniques and Resources for Non-Percussionist Music Educators
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Undergraduate Honors Theses Honors College 2018 5th-12th Grade Concert Percussion Curriculum: A Detailed Guide to Techniques and Resources for Non-Percussionist Music Educators Rodney Rote Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/honors_theses Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Music Education Commons, and the Music Pedagogy Commons 51h 12th Grade Concert Percussion Curriculum A detailed guide to techniques and resources for non·percussionist music educators. (TITLE) DY Rodney Rote, Jr. ····-----·--·- ·---- --- UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for obtaining UNDERGRADUATE DEPARTMENTAL HONORS Departmentof Music along withthe Honors College at EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY Charleston, Illinois 2018 YEAR I hereby recommend this thesis to be accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirement for obtaining Undergraduate Departmental Honors I� o.,r��t THESI ADVI 0 _Cti:-�I \� � 1_? _ Daie\··· 5 th - 12 th Grade Concert Percussion Curriculum A detailed guide to techniques and resources for non­ percussionist music educators. By Rodney Rote, Jr. Index Introduction Forward Page 2 Application Page3 Skill Level Break Down Page4 Chapter1 Page5 Snare Drum Chapter 2 Page12 Keyboard Percussion Chapter 3 Page18 Accessory Percussion Tambourine Page18 Triangle Page 20 Bass Drum Page 21 Cymbals Page 22 Hand Drums Page23 Chapter 4 Page26 Timpani Chapter 5 Page29 Percussion Ensemble Closing Remarks Page 32 1 Introduction Forward Primary and secondary school band directors enrolled in a semester long percussion methods course while pursuing their teaching degree. For most, only a semester of learning about the broad world of percussion is not enough to be as proficient at teaching percussion, unless percussion is their primary instrument.
    [Show full text]
  • Fftree FOP AERONAUTICS No. 738 CORRUGATED }4ETAL DIA
    TECiICAL NOTES NATIONAL ADVISORY CON!ffTrEE FOP AERONAUTICS No. 738 CORRUGATED }4ETAL DIA.PBRAGZ FOR ACRAFT PRESSURR—Z€ASUR INC. INSUM(TS By W. A. Wildhack and V. H. Goerke National ireau of Standards Washington November 1939 NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTfOS TECHNICAL NOE NO. 738 CORRUGATED METAL DIAPHRAGMS FOR AIRCRAFT PRESSURE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS By A. i1dhack and. V. H. Gerke SUMMARY A large number •of corrugated d.iaohragms of beryllium copper, phosphor bronze, and Z-nickel, having geometrical- ly similar outlines but of various diameters and thickness- es, were formed. by hydraulic pressing. The apparatus and the technique used in the manufacture, the testing, and. the heat treatment are described.. The shape of the diaphragmswas such that the central deflections were nearly proportional to the differential pressures up to d.eflections of 2 percent of the diameter. The pressure-deflection characteristics of the various di- aphragms were correlated with the thickness, the diameter, and the elastic properties by dimensional analysis to ob- tain formulas and charts ap1icableto the design of simi- lar diaphragms. The formula = 2.25.x 1O5 (tio)'52 t x io holds for values of ----.-- over tae range from 1 to 4. Outside this range, the exponent is larger. In the formu- la, t, D, and X refer to the thickness, the diameter, and. the central deflection of the diaphragm, respectively; P. refers to the differential pressure causing the deflec- tion X; and F, a function of the elastic moduli, has.the values 18.9, 17.5, and. 28.4 x 106 pounds er square inch for beryllium copter, phosphor bronzes and Z-nickel, re- spectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pas Educators' Companion
    THE PAS EDUCATORS’ COMPANION Volume I Spring 2015 A resource from the PERCUSSIVE ARTS SOCIETY EDUCATION COMMITTEE THE PAS EDUCATORS’ Volume I COMPANION Spring 2015 The PAS Educators’ Companion is a publication of the Percussive Arts Society focusing on providing percussion education resources to the music education community. THE COMPANION STAFF Paul Buyer James Corcoran Pete DeSalvo Jonathan Latta Brian Nozny Josh Torres Michael Sammons Ben Stiers GRAPHIC DESIGN Adrian Valderrama PAS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Julie Hill, President Brian Zator, President-elect George Barrett, First Vice President Paul Buyer, Second Vice President Chris Hanning, Secretary John R. Beck, Immediate Past President Jeff Hartsough, Executive Director CONTACT PAS 110 W. Washington Street, Suite A, Indianapolis, IN 46204 Telephone: (317) 974-4488 Fax: (317) 974-4499 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.pas.org COPYRIGHT © 2015 by the Percussive Arts Society. Reproduction of any part of this publication without permission from PAS is prohibited by law. LET’S ACCESSORIZE! CHOOSING TRIANGLES AND TAMBOURINES FOR YOUR SCHOOL PROGRAM 5 THE PAS Ben Stiers DEVELOPING EAR CHOPS 12 EDUCATORS’ Paul Buyer PERCUSSION POTPOURRI: 10 TIPS FOR HELPING YOUR COMPANION PERCUSSION SECTION 18 Brian Nozny Volume I Spring 2015 ESTABLISHING CONSISTENCY WITHIN YOUR MARCHING PERCUSSION SECTION 22 Gordon Hicken IT’S NOT ABOUT THE DRUMMING: INCORPORATING DRUM CIRCLE ACTIVITIES WITH YOUR CAMPUS SPECIAL NEEDS DEPARTMENT 29 Ralph Hicks PERCUSSION REPAIR 101 36 Christopher Davis Music Educators, Greetings, and welcome to the inaugural volume of the PAS Educators’ Companion! We at the Percussive Arts Society realize that the field of percussion has an extremely wide spectrum of subjects, many of which music educators must deal with on a daily basis.
    [Show full text]
  • AMPCO Safety Tools - Backing out Tool Hammer, Aluminium Bronze No Sparking, Non-Magnetic Professional Tool
    CATALOG SEPTEMBER 2021 NON-SPARKING HAMMERS AND AXES CATALOG NON-SPARKING HAMMERS AND AXES BACKING OUT TOOL HAMMER, ALUMINIUM BRONZE AMPCO Safety Tools - Backing out tool hammer, Aluminium Bronze No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool. CODE FR0008A FR0010A FR0012A FR0016A PRICE € 81,38 € 81,38 € 104,48 € 104,48 BACKING OUT TOOL HAMMER, BERYLLIUM COPPER AMPCO Safety Tools - Backing out tool hammer, Beryllium Copper No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool. CODE FR0008B FR0010B FR0012B FR0016B PRICE € 119,85 € 119,85 € 153,83 € 153,83 BALL PEEN HAMMER, ALUMINIUM BRONZE AMPCO Safety Tools - Ball peen hammer, Aluminium Bronze No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool. CODE FD1000A FD1001A FD1002A FD1003A FD1004A PRICE € 25,79 € 37,05 € 41,18 € 46,38 € 57,43 CODE FD1005A FD1006A PRICE € 65,55 € 66,69 CATALOG NON-SPARKING HAMMERS AND AXES BALL PEEN HAMMER, BERYLLIUM COPPER AMPCO Safety Tools - Ball peen hammer, Beryllium Copper No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool. CODE FD1000B FD1001B FD1002B FD1003B FD1004B PRICE € 35,93 € 50,10 € 55,95 € 83,03 € 102,75 CODE FD1005B FD1006B PRICE € 117,30 € 143,33 BRICKLAYER'S HAMMER, ALUMINIUM BRONZE AMPCO Safety Tools - Bricklayer's hammer, Aluminium Bronze No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool. CODE FN0010A PRICE € 71,93 BRICKLAYER'S HAMMER, BERYLLIUM COPPER AMPCO Safety Tools - Bricklayer's hammer, Beryllium Copper No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool. CODE FN0010B PRICE € 105,83 CLAW HAMMER, ALUMINIUM BRONZE AMPCO Safety Tools - Claw hammer, Aluminium Bronze No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool. CODE FK0019A FK0020A FK0021A PRICE € 44,18 € 47,18 € 70,95 CATALOG NON-SPARKING HAMMERS AND AXES CLAW HAMMER, BERYLLIUM COPPER AMPCO Safety Tools - Claw hammer, Beryllium Copper No sparking, non-magnetic professional tool.
    [Show full text]
  • Heat Treating Copper Beryllium Parts
    Tech Brief Heat Treating Copper Beryllium Parts Heat treating is key to the ver- satility of the copper beryllium alloy system Unlike other copper base alloys which acquire their strength through cold work alone, wrought copper beryllium obtains its high strength, conductivity, and hardness through a combina- tion of cold work and a thermal process called age hardening. 800.375.4205 | materion.com/copperberyllium Age hardening is often referred to as precipitation hardening strength with moderate to good conductivity; and High or heat treating. The ability of these alloys to accept this Conductivity Copper Beryllium features maximum conduc- heat treatment results in forming and mechanical property tivity and slightly lower strength levels. advantages not available in other alloys. For example, Both the High Strength and High Conductivity Copper intricate shapes can be fabricated when the material is in Beryllium are available as strip in the heat treatable and its ductile, as rolled state and subsequently age hardened to mill hardened tempers. Mill hardened tempers are supplied the highest strength and hardness levels of any copper base in the heat treated condition and require no further heat alloy. treatment. Heat treating the copper beryllium alloys is a two step pro- Copper beryllium is produced in tempers ranging from cess which consists of solution annealing and age hardening. solution annealed (A) to an as rolled condition (H). Heat Because Materion Brush Performance Alloys performs the treating maximizes the strength and conductivity of these required solution anneal on all wrought products prior alloys. The temper designations of the standard age harden- to shipping, most fabricators’ primary concern is the age able copper beryllium tempers are shown in Table 2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elements.Pdf
    A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Presents Periodic Table of the Elements A Resource for Elementary, Middle School, and High School Students Click an element for more information: Group** Period 1 18 IA VIIIA 1A 8A 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIAVIIA He 1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ------- VIII IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B ------- 1B 2B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 ------- 8 ------- 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.47 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh PdAgCd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt AuHg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 190.2 195.1 197.0 200.5 204.4 207.2 209.0 (210) (210) (222) 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116 118 7 Fr Ra Ac~RfDb Sg Bh Hs Mt --- --- --- --- --- --- (223) (226) (227) (257) (260) (263) (262) (265) (266) () () () () () () http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/ (1 of 3) [5/17/2001 4:06:20 PM] A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Lanthanide Series* Ce Pr NdPmSm Eu Gd TbDyHo Er TmYbLu 140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Actinide Series~ Th Pa U Np Pu AmCmBk Cf Es FmMdNo Lr 232.0 (231) (238) (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (249) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257) ** Groups are noted by 3 notation conventions.
    [Show full text]