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A Sixteen Thousand Year Old Organic Deposit, Northern Baffin Island, NWT, Canada

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A Sixteen Thousand Year Old Organic Deposit, Northern Baffin Island, NWT, Canada Document généré le 24 sept. 2021 17:29 Géographie physique et Quaternaire A Sixteen Thousand Year Old Organic Deposit, Northern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada: Palynology and Significance Un dépôt organique de 16 000 ans dans le nord de l’île de Baffin : palynologie et importance Eine 16 000 Jahre alte organische Ablagerung im Norden der Baffin-lnsel, Nord-West-Territorien, Kanada: Palynologie und Bedeutung Susan K. Short et John T. Andrews Volume 42, numéro 1, 1988 Résumé de l'article Dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, près de la localité de Arctic Bay, dans l'île URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032710ar de Baffin, on a échantillonné une coupe de 3 m effectuée dans des sédiments DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/032710ar renfermant des matériaux organiques. On en a tiré sept datations au radiocarbone. Entre 182,5 et 290 cm, trois datations font remonter les Aller au sommaire du numéro sédiments entre 14 185 ± 760 et 16 849 ± 860. Entre 82,5 et de 87,5 cm, la datation les fait remonter à 8635 ± 565. L'inversion apparente des dates au 14C pourrait indiquer qu'un plissement des sédiments s'est associé au glissement Éditeur(s) du dépôt ou à l'accumulation rapide de sédiments organiques. Les trois datations effectuées à la base de la coupe représentent les premiers sédiments Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal terrestres de l'île de Baffin à remonter avant 10 000 BP, soit entre 10 000 et 20 000 BP. L'analyse pollinique des sédiments a révélé que le pollen y est plutôt ISSN rare. L'assemblage pollinique est dominé par les pollens de Salix, de cyperacées et de graminés ; quelques types de pollens exotiques (Pinus, Picea, 0705-7199 (imprimé) Betula, et Alnus) apparaissent de façon sporadique dans toute la coupe. 1492-143X (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Short, S. K. & Andrews, J. T. (1988). A Sixteen Thousand Year Old Organic Deposit, Northern Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada: Palynology and Significance. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 42(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.7202/032710ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1988 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1988, vol. 42, n° 1, p. 75-82, 3 fig., 3 tabl. A SIXTEEN THOUSAND YEAR OLD ORGANIC DEPOSIT, NORTHERN BAFFIN ISLAND, N.W.T., CANADA: PALYNOLOGY AND SIGNIFICANCE Susan K. SHORT and John T. ANDREWS, respectively Department of Anthropology and INSTAAR, and Department of Geological Sciences, and INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U.S.A. ABSTRACT A 3 m exposure of sediment RÉSUMÉ Un dépôt organique de 16 000 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Eine 16 000 Jahre containing organics was sampled near the ans dans le nord de l'île de Baffin: palynologie alte organische Ablagerung im Norden der settlement of Arctic Bay, Baffin Island, N.W.T. et importance. Dans les Territoires du Nord- Baffin-lnsel, Nord-West-Territorien, Kanada: A total of seven radiocarbon dates have been Ouest, près de la localité de Arctic Bay, dans Palynologie und Bedeutung. In der Nàhe der obtained from the deposit. Three dates be­ l'île de Baffin, on a échantillonné une coupe Siedlung Arctic Bay, Baffin-lnsel, Nord-West- tween 182.5 and 290 cm depth gave radi­ de 3 m effectuée dans des sédiments ren­ Territorien, wurden Sediment-Proben, die ocarbon ages between 14,185 ± 760 and fermant des matériaux organiques. On en a Organisches Material enthalten, aus einem 16,849 ± 860. A date from 82.5 to 87.5 cm tiré sept datations au radiocarbone. Entre 3 m tiefen Schnitt entnommen. Insgesamt resulted in an age of 8635 ± 565. An apparent 4 182,5 et 290 cm, trois datations font remonter konnten sieben Radiokarbon-Daten aus dieser reversal in ' C dates may reflect folding of les sédiments entre 14 185 ± 760 et Ablagerung gewonnen werden. Zwischen the sediments associated with the downslope 16 849 ± 860. Entre 82,5 et de 87,5 cm, la 182.5 und 290 cm Tiefe ergaben drei Dati- creep of the deposit or rapid accumulation datation les fait remonter à 8635 ± 565. L'in­ erungen Radiokarbon-Alter zwischen 14 185 of organics. The three basal dates are the ,4 version apparente des dates au C pourrait ± 760 und 16 849 ± 860. Zwischen 82,5 bis first terrestrial sediments from Baffin Island indiquer qu'un plissement des sédiments s'est 87,5 cm fùhrte die Datierung zu einem Alter to date from older than ca. 10,000 BP and associé au glissement du dépôt ou à l'ac­ von 8635 ± 565. Eine offenbare Umkehrung less than 20,000 BP. Analysis of the sediment cumulation rapide de sédiments organiques. in den 14C Datierungen mag wohl das Résultat for pollen indicated that it is generally sparse. The pollen assemblage is dominated by Salix, Les trois datations effectuées à la base de einer Faltung der Sedimente sein in Verbin- Cyperaceae, and Gramineae pollen and exotic la coupe représentent les premiers sédiments dung mit einem Herunterrutschen der Abla­ pollen types {Pinus, Picea, Betula, and Alnus) terrestres de l'île de Baffin à remonter avant gerung oder einer raschen Anhàufung occur sporadically throughout the section. 10 000 BP, soit entre 10 000 et 20 000 BP. organischen Materials. Die drei Datierungen L'analyse pollinique des sédiments a révélé von der Basis des Schnitts sind die ersten Erd- que le pollen y est plutôt rare. L'assemblage Sedimente von der Baffin-lnsel, die als alter als pollinique est dominé par les pollens de Salix, ca. 10 000 v.u.Z. zu datierne sind und weniger de cyperacées et de graminés ; quelques types als 20 000 v.u.Z. Die Analyse des Sediments de pollens exotiques (Pinus, Picea, Betula, in Bezug auf Pollen zeight, da(3 dieser im all- et Alnus) apparaissent de façon sporadique gemeinen spârlich ist. Die Pollen-Ansammlung dans toute la coupe. ist beherrscht von Salix-, Cyperaceae- und Gramineae-Pollen und exotische Pollen- Typen (Pinus, Picea, Betula und Alnus) finden sich sporadisch in dem Schnitt. Manuscrit reçu le 6 janvier 1987; manuscrit révisé accepté le 9 juillet 1987 76 S. K. SHORT and J. T. ANDREWS INTRODUCTION (72°03'N, 85°02'W, 61 m asl) lies in a valley below King George V Mountain between Arctic and Victor bays. The deep Continuous accumulation of organic rich sediment since trough of Admiralty Inlet lies 10 km due west and the site is ca. 16,000 BP has preserved a pollen record of high arctic flanked by two fiords that head into Admiralty Inlet (Adams conditions and also provides a constraint on glacial recon­ Sound and Strathcona Sound). structions for the area. The sediment section is described, its significance discussed, and the first Late Pleistocene pollen Geologically the area is complex with a wide variety of diagram from the eastern Canadian Arctic is presented. sedimentary and volcanic rocks exposed along the fiords. The rocks range in age from Precambrian to Paleozoic and Over two decades of research in Arctic Canada has failed consist for the most part of sandstones, shales, limestones to uncover clear, unequivocal evidence for the maximum extent and dolostones (Thorsteinsson and Tozer, 1970). The dominant of glaciation during the Late Wisconsinan (late Foxe Glaciation lithology around Adams Sound is quartz arenites with a small in local Baffin Island terminology) Glaciation (Miller and Dyke, outcrop of Proterozoic limestone and dolostone occurring to 1974; Dyke era/., 1982; Nelson, 1982; Andrews and Miller, the east of the outcrop. 1984). Several authors have noted that collections of marine shells from various marine and glacial marine faciès, especially along the outer coast of eastern Baffin Island, either date STRATIGRAPHY, COLLECTIONS, PREPARATION from; 1) < 11,000 BP and most commonly less than 10,000 AND RADIOCARBON DATES years; or 2) > 40,000 years (Pheasant and Andrews, 1973; Miller et a/., 1977; Mode, 1980; Brigham, 1983). This gap in The section consisted of 300 cm of sandy "peat" overlying the stratigraphie record has been used to argue for different 175 cm of sands and gravels (Table I). The word "peat" is histories of glaciation (Denton and Hughes, 1981 ; Andrews used (i.e. Table I) because field observations indicate that and Miller, 1984). the bulk of the section consists of an in situ sedge peat. The high inorganic content (Table II) is associated with the influx of sediment, as colluvium and eolian inputs, from the nearby SITE DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND slope. Permafrost was encountered at 60 cm from the present In 1982, as part of a study on Holocene palynology of surface and the section sloped steeply below that point. Blocks Arctic North America (Andrews etal., 1981 ; Diaz and Andrews. of sediment were collected back to the permafrost face and 1982; Short and Jacobs, 1982; Short et al., 1985), a field transported back to the laboratory. Samples were then taken party flew to Arctic Bay, northern Baffin Island (Fig. 1) to at 2.5 cm intervals to 150 cm, and at 5 cm from that depth sample a 5 m thick exposure, the middle of which had been to the base of the section.
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