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Chronic Adaptations to High Altitude in Elite East African Runners

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Chronic Adaptations to High Altitude in Elite East African Runners What we can learn from the world’s best endurance athletes with particular focus on training and competition Yannis Pitsiladis, MMedSci., PhD, FACSM Professor of Sport and Exercise Science University of Brighton and University of Rome “Foro Italico” Inspired? Then act… Rio Olympic Games – Athletics Where is Norway? “The Russian Olympic team corrupted the London Games 2012 on an unprecedented scale, the extent of which will probably never be fully established… The desire to win medals superseded their collective moral and ethical compass and Olympic values of fair play.” The reinstatement of Russia Olympic(s) in crisis Mike Poirier Collection Fairer Future for World-Class Sport of cleanthe athlete Protection 3P’s Deterrent effect of storage of samples for 10 years WADA CODE 2015 Fairer Future for World-Class Sport of cleanthe athlete Protection 3P’s A paradigm shift is needed In sport, the cheats are usually a step ahead GENE DOPING EXERCISE MGFs TRANSFUSIONS HGF FGFs CERA HEMATIDE MYO INHIBITORS ALTITUDE GH EPO CORTISOL TESTOSTERONE LH PPARd AICAR PDGF IGF-1 dEPO HIF CG VEGF COCKTAIL 1 SCO Group: 19 endurance trained males living and training at or near sea-level (Glasgow, Scotland) KEN Group: 20 Kenyan endurance runners living and training at moderate altitude ~2150 m (Eldoret, Kenya) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 weeks Blood sample Time trial/VO2max Time points selected for Gene expression Hbmass rHuEpo injection 50 IU∙kg-1 body mass analysis Haematocrit Future applicability? The Athlete Biological Passport? “abnormal” fluctuation “normal” fluctuation “abnormal” fluctuation Effective new technologies … Visit illumina August, 2017 Machine Learning & Artificial Intellegence Russian Supercomputer Capacity A paradigm shift is needed In sport, the testers need to be a few steps ahead Fairer Future for World-Class Sport of cleanthe athlete Protection 3P’s Peak Performance without Doping: Fact or Fiction? The Thinker (Le Penseur ) FACT FICTION Auguste Rodin, 1902 Marathon World Records 2003 2008 2011 2013 World Record (28th September 2014) 2:02:57 2:03:59 When will it happen? Joyner et al., JAP. August 10, 2010 2016 Summer Olympics Jemima Sumgong The Kenyan “running” phenomenon • Lucy Kabuu, Milan Marathon winner tested positive for morphine (August 2018). • Samuel Kalalei, winner of Athens Marathon last November, also tested positive for EPO on June 4. • Ruth Jebet, Kenyan-born Bahraini runner, the 2016 Rio Olympic 3,000m steeplechase champion suspended after sample tested positive for EPO on Feb. 4. • Asbel Kiprop, former Olympic and three-times world 1,500m champion suspended after samples tested positive for EPO on Feb. 3. • Other previous high profile Kenyan athletes who failed dope tests are 2016 Olympics marathon winner Jemima Sumgong and former Boston City Marathon winner Rita Jeptoo. Sub2 Project Launch: 2014 Sub2-Maurten Partnership Sub2-Maurten Partnership The Field Experiment ‘Enhanced’: Alex Gibney Sports Documentary ESPN The Field Experiment ‘Enhanced’: Alex Gibney Sports Documentary ESPN The Field Experiment ‘Enhanced’: Alex Gibney Sports Documentary ESPN Berlin Marathon 2016 The SUB2 Project (www.sub2hrs.com) Rio Olympic Marathon 2016 Rio Olympic Marathon 2016 Jemima Sumgong 2016 Summer Olympics Jemima Sumgong Rio Olympic Marathon 2016 www.sub2hrs.com Sub2 racing shoe development New partner to be announced soon Sub2 racing shoe development Optimizing ground force application could reduce oxygen cost by 1-3% ABOVE - American record holder in the half-marathon (59:43) How fast does this car go? Courtesy of Tim Noakes Jonathan Schaible The SUB2 Project (www.sub2hrs.com) Peak Performance without Doping: Fact or Fiction? The Thinker (Le Penseur ) FACT FICTION Auguste Rodin, 1902 The first sub-4-minute mile 6th May 1954, at Iffley Road Track in Oxford Belief “The crucial thing that he (Stampfl) said was: ‘Well I think you can run a 3:56 mile’. If he believed that - I hope he did - it certainly was a helpful comment. And he said if you have the chance and you don’t take it you may regret it for the rest of your life” Sir Roger Bannister May 6th 2004 Slides courtesy of Tim Noakes 25th September 2016 THE MAKING OF ME The SUB2 Project (www.sub2hrs.com) Thank you.
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