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Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Webometrics / Cybermetrics, Informetrics and Altmetrics - an Emerging Field in Library and Information Science Research OPEN ACCESS Dr

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SHANLAX s han lax International Journal of Education # S I N C E 1 9 9 0 Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Webometrics / Cybermetrics, Informetrics and Altmetrics - An Emerging Field in Library and Information Science Research OPEN ACCESS Dr. P. Chellappandi Ph. D. Assistant Professor, Department of Library & Information Science Volume: 7 Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Issue: 1 C.S. Vijayakumar Librarian, Sourashtra College, Madurai & Ph.D Scholar, Department of Library & Information Science Month: December Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Year: 2018 Abstract This Article discusses the features and the use of Metrics such as Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Webometrics, Informetrics and Altmetrics in the field of Library and Information Science ISSN: 2320-2653 Research at present. Received: 11.11.2018 Introduction The contemporary research thrust areas of Library and information science Accepted: 29.12.2018 based on measurement process. Present developments of Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Webometrics and Informatrics in Library and Information Published: 31.12.2018 Science have the capacity to understand relevant ideas from different fields of knowledge. The Scientometric study of library and information Citation: science to standardize the techniques to understand the productive pattern Chellappandi, P., and C.S. of authors. Scientometrics is related to and has overlapping interests with Vijayakumar. “Bibliometrics, bibliometrics, Informetrics and webometrics. Scientometrics, Webometrics/ Cybermetrics, Informetrics and Altmetrics - An Emerging Field in Library and Information Science Research.” Shanlax International Journal of Education, vol. 7, no. 1, 2018, pp. 5–8. Bibliometrics is a study of relationship of numbers and patterns in DOI: bibliographic data and use i.e. number of papers, growth of literature and http/doi.org/10.5281/ patterns of library and data base usage. Webometrics is a quantitative zenodo.2529398 analysis of web phenomena, which includes link analysis, web citation analysis, search engines etc. These terms refer to component fields related to the study of dynamics of disciplines as reflected in the production of their Literature. http://www.shanlaxjournals.in 5 SHANLAX s han lax # S I N C E 1 9 9 0 International Journal of Education Bibliometrics of this alternative definition was to help publicize Bibliometrics is a study or measurement of format appropriate methods outside of the information aspects of texts, documents, books and information. science discipline rather that to replace the original The term Bibliometrics was first used by Pritchard definition within information science. in 1969, as the application of mathematical and The science of Webometrics also cybermetrics statistical methods to books and other media of tries to measure the World Wide Web to get communication. It included relationship among knowledge about the number and types of hyperlinks, number of papers growth of literature and patterns of structure of the World Wide Web and usage patterns. library database usage. Bibliographic databases are According to Bjorneborn and Ingwersen (2004), representative samples of publication activity in the the definition of Webometrics is “the study of the field of knowledge. Bibliometrics methods are most quantitative aspects of the construction and use of often used in the field of library and information information resources, structures and technologies on science: many research fields use bibliometrics the Web drawing on Bibliometrics and Informetrics methods to explore the impact of their field. approaches. “The term Webometrics was first coined Bibliometrics has changed out all recognition since by Almind and Ingwersen) 1997). 1958. Informetrics Scientometrics Informetrics is a sub discipline of information Scientometrics analyses the quantitative aspects sciences and is defined as the application of of the production, dissemination and use of scientific mathematical methods to the content of information information with the aim of achieving a better science understanding of the mechanisms of scientific It is a study of qualitative aspects of information. research as a social activity. The term informative (Informetrie- was coined by Nacke in 1979. This includes the production, Webometrics/Cybermetrics dissemination, and use of all forms of information, It is the study of quantitative aspect of web / regardless of its form or origin, Informetics website. Scientometrics is the study of quantitative encompasses the following fields. aspect of science as a discipline or economic activity • Bibliometrics which studies quantitative aspects and informatics is the study of quantitative aspect of recorded information of information in any form. All are interlinked and • Scientometric, which studies quantitative same but differ according to the subject in which it is aspects of science dealt with World Wide Web. • Webometrics, which studies quantitative aspects In the information science field of webometrics of the World Wide Web is “the study of the quantitative aspects of the • Cybermetrics, which is similar to webometrics construction and use of information resources, but broadens its definition to include electronic structures and technologies on the web drawing on resources bibliometrics and Informetrics approaches” or, more • Informetrics deals with electronic media and thus generally, “the study of web-based content with includes topics such as the statistical analysis primarily quantitative methods for social science of the scientific text and hypertext systems, research goals using techniques that are not specific library circulations, information measures in to one field of study:. electronic libraries, models for Information According to Thelwall, “the study of web- Production Processes and quantitative aspects based content with primarily quantitative methods of information retrieval. for social science research goals using techniques that are not specific to one field of study”, which Altmetrics emphasizes the development of applied methods It is alternative methods of measuring the for use in the wider social sciences. The purpose resources through social networking sites. It is the 6 http://www.shanlaxjournals.in SHANLAX s han lax International Journal of Education # S I N C E 1 9 9 0 new method of analyzing and measuring the social • Standards need to be developed on collection web resources. The digital acts of disseminating and and use of Altmetrics sharing scholarly and academic production leave • Altmetrics need to be incorporated into a races of impact, in things like download and view systems approach to tracking and recording counts, lings and mentions in citation management research impact. tools, and content sharing across a suite of social networks. These traces are being collected, a System approach to Altmetrics examined, and considered under the umbrella • Altmetrics can be harvested by third party system term “Altmetrics” defined as “the creation and • Institutional repositories study of new metrics based on the Social Web for • Research information management systems analyzing, and information scholarship.” Altmetrics • Research profiling systems demonstrate one aspect of the changing landscape • Open Access and commercial publishes of scholarly and academic production, dialogue, and use. Altmetrics also illustrate the changing Advantages of Altmetrics methods of both Bibliometrics and Scientometrics. • Monitor social engagement with digital research Through new tools that enable comments, and output measure downloads and shares, the process of • Competitive advantages for grant and promotion and engagement in scholarly communication and applications research becomes more visibly conversational • Provide evidence of social impact for between public consumers of information, peer performance reviews scholars, and institutions • Provide evaluation data for reviewing social The five categories of metrics. Such as media strategy • Usage e.g., downloads • Provide evidence of public impact for open • Captures, e.g., bookmarks, access artefacts • Mentions, e.g., blogs, • Complement other impact data and add to • Social Media, e.g., tweets, and impact narrative • Citations, e.g., Scopus • Open source data that is harvestable by third party systems Altmetrics Tools Measure and Data Collected From Conclusion • Tweets Libraries and library schools in India have • Blog mentions been carrying out research activities on varied • Face book topic of library and information Science. • Presentations Dr.S.R.Ranganathan, the father of library Science, • News articles laid down the foundation of research in India with • Shared citations and his pioneering efforts. Bibliometrics study of • Data uploads research output is the most commonly used research methods in India. Bibliometrics techniques such as Future of Altmetrics citation analysis to analysis library and information • Due to growing use of Social media to share science research. One of the well known relational research outputs, Altmetrics will continue Bibliometrics methods is co-word analyses, which gaining pronounce in measuring impact projects a specific visual representation of the data • Aggregators and users will continue its results have produce a great deal more than collaborating to refine Altmetrics web apps and statistical artefact indicating that there is high interest develop more group and institutions reporting in Bibliometrics / Scientometrics / Informetrics
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