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Zizula Hylax (Fabricius 2/12/13 16:58 Página 571 571-575 Zizula hylax (Fabricius 2/12/13 16:58 Página 571 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 41 (164), diciembre 2013: 571-575 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Zizula hylax (Fabricius, 1775) new butterfly species for Socotra (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Z. Fric & V. Hula Abstract Zizula hylax (Fabricius, 1775) is a widespread butterfly species, known from West Africa across Tropical Asia to Northern Australia. We report the first record of this species for Socotra, Archipelago in Yemen, which increases Socotra’s total number of recorded butterfly species to 26. We also present a revised list of Socotran butterflies. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Zizula hylax, distribution, new record, Yemen. Zizula hylax (Fabricius, 1775) nueva especie para Socotra (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Resumen Zizula hylax (Fabricius, 1775) es una mariposa de distribución extensa, conocida desde África occidental, Asia tropical hasta el norte de Australia. Informamos sobre el primer registro de esta especie para el archipiélago de Socotra en Yemen, lo que aumenta la cantidad de especies conocidas en Socotra a 26. Presentamos una lista de las mariposas presentes en Socotra. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Zizula hylax, distribución, nuevo registro, Yemen. Introduction Socotra is an archipelago made up of one bigger island and three small islets, located in the Indian Ocean close to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The main island bears the name of the archipelago and is isolated by some distance from the continent: 240 km to East Africa and 380 km to the Arabian Peninsula (CHEUNG et al., 2006). Politically it is a part of the Yemen Republic. Scientific exploration of Socotra started with the expedition of the British ship Palinurus (WELLSTED, 1835), followed by the expedition of Balfour in 1880 (BALFOUR, 1888) and two main expeditions to the archipelago were organised in 1898 by (1) a joint expedition of the British Museum in London and the Liverpool museum, and (2) by the Vienna Academy of Sciences (NIEDOBOVÁ et al. in press). The fauna of Socotran butterflies was investigated by DIXEY et al. (1898), and furthermore by OGILVIE-GRANT (1899), who described three Socotran endemic species. REBEL (1899, 1931) summed the Lepidoptera findings from the Austrian expedition. From recent studies it is necessary to mention works on Noctuidae (HACKER & SALDAITIS, 2010, 2011, IVINSKIS & SALDAITIS, 2008), GEOMETRIDAE (HAUSMANN, 2009, HERBULOT, 1993) and Cossidae (BORTH et al., 2011). Up to now, there were 25 known species of butterflies from Socotra (Table 1). Five species form unique endemic species, five other species form endemic subspecies for the archipelago and the remaining 14 species are common widespread taxa. The largest amount (20) of the non-endemic 571 571-575 Zizula hylax (Fabricius 2/12/13 16:58 Página 572 Z. FRIC & V. HULA species occur in Africa, 17 species occur also in the Arabian Peninsula and 10 species are known to occur also in the Orient. However, all these taxa also have African distribution. The only exception from the pattern is the Oriental butterfly Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758), which is, on the other hand, distributed also in Madagascar and has been reported twice from the Arabian Peninsula (LARSEN & LARSEN, 1980; LARSEN, 1983). Here, we present the record of a new butterfly species for Socotra. Material: YEMEN, Socotra Island, Deiqab cave, Jatropha unicostata Balfour, 1884 shrubland, 12º 23.1’ N, 54º 00.9’ E, 115 m. a.s.l. 1 1, 16-VI-2010 (V. Hula leg.). The specimen is deposited in the collection of Zdenek Fric in Institute of Entomology (IECA) under code ZF-LY-001039. The butterfly was found close to the entrance of the Deiqab cave (BEZDEˇ K et al., 2012), flying around water sources in the entrance. The surroundings of the cave entrance are covered by typical Socotra coastal plain vegetation (Croton socotranus Balfour, 1884, Jathropha unicosatata with scattered specimens of Ziziphus spina-christi (Linn) Desf., 1798). Cliffs around the cave entrance are occupied by Capparis cartileginea Decne, 1835, Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge, 1852, Lycium socotranum Wagner & Vierh., 1907 and other vegetation. Possible larval host plants of the family Verbenaceae grow on nearby locations and, another larval host genus (Zygophullum) grows close to the seashore, approximately 2 km away. This is the first record of Zizula hylax (Fabricius, 1775) for Socotra island as well as for the whole archipelago. The genus Zizula Chapman, 1910 was erected for the very small butterfly from South Africa Lycaena gaika Trimen, 1862. The genus has unique wing venation and unusual genital organs (CHAPMAN, 1910). ELIOT (1973) established for this genus a separate section within Polyommatinae: Polyommatini. Lycaena gaika was synonymized by CORBET (1940) with the Oriental taxon Zizula hylax. The genus has only two species. The first species is Zizula hylax, with wide Palaeotropical distribution covering nearly the whole of Africa (LARSEN, 2005), across the southern half of the Arabian Peninsula (LARSEN, 1983), the Oriental Region (WYNTER-BLYTH, 1957), and Papua New Guinea (PARSONS, 1999) to Northern Australia (BRABY, 2004). The second species, Zizula cyna (Edwards, 1881) is distributed in Tropical America from Texas to Argentina (OPLER, 1999). Zizula hylax is throughout its range a widespread but unpredictable species. It can use different habitats and easily adapts to human altered habitats such as lawns in city parks, gardens or golf courses. It uses a wide range of larval host plants from the families Acanthaceae, Oxalidaceae, Verbenaceae and Zygophyllaceae (LARSEN, 2005). Discussion We have no idea whether the butterfly species was overlooked by previous researchers or the species was recently introduced to the island. Socotra Island is protected as a UNESCO Biosphere reserve (UNESCO, 2004) and all imports of plants and animals from the mainland are prohibited (VAN DAMME & BANFIELD, 2011). On the other hand, these policies are probably not very effective since there have been recent records of invasive species of ants (COLLINGWOOD et al., 2004) and plants (MILLER & MORRIS, 2004). Finally, the occurrence of such a widespread species, probably with good passive dispersal abilities is not surprising. We believe that it is only a question of time that other widespread species, such as Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767) or Zizina otis antanossa (Mabille, 1877) will be also discovered in Socotra. Acknowledgements We would like to thank EPA Yemen, the Socotra branch for collecting permits, and Ismael Mohammed Ahmed for his help in the field. Furthermore, we would like to thank Matthew Sweeney for the linguistic help. This study was supported by Czech grant MSˇ MT INGO LA 10036. 572 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 41 (164), diciembre 2013 571-575 Zizula hylax (Fabricius 2/12/13 16:58 Página 573 ZIZULA HYLAX (FABRICIUS, 1775) NEW BUTTERFLY SPECIES FOR SOCOTRA BIBLIOGRAPHY BALFOUR, I. B., 1888.– Botany of Socotra.– Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburg, 31: 1-446. BEZDEˇ K, J., PURCHART, L., KRAL, K. & HULA, V., 2012.– List of local Socotran geographical names used in entomological literatura.– Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 52(suppl. 2): 27-67. BORTH R., IVINSKIS P., SALDAITIS A. & YAKOVLEV R. 2011.– Cossidea of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen).– ZooKeys, 122: 45-69. BRABY, M. F., 2004.– The complete field guide to butterflies of Australia: 339 pp. CSIRO, Collingwood. CHAPMAN, T. A., 1910.– On Zizeeria (Chapman), Zizera (Moore), a group of lycaenid butterflies.– Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1910: 479-497. CHEUNG, C., DE VANTIER, L. & VAN DAMME, K., (Eds) 2006.– Socotra-a natural history of the Islands and their people: 408 pp. Odyssey Books and Guides, Hong Kong. COLLINGWOOD C. A., POHL H. & GÜSTEN R. 2004.– The ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Socotra archipelago.– Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20: 473-495. CORBET, A. S., 1940.– Revisional notes on Malayan Lepidoptera.– Entomologist, 73: 39-43. DIXEY, F. A., BURR M. & PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, O., 1898.– On a collection of insects and arachnids made by Mr. E. N. Bennet in Socotra, with descriptions of new species.– Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 66: 372-391. ELIOT, J. N., 1973.– The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement.– The Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 28: 373-505. HACKER, H. H. & SALDAITIS, A., 2010.– Noctuidae of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) with notes on the fauna of the southern Arabian Peninsula (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea).– Esperiana, 5: 172-242. HACKER, H. H. & SALDAITIS, A., 2011.– Noctuidae of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) Contribution II.– Esperiana, 16: 73-88. HAUSMANN, A., 2009.– New and interesting geometrid moths from Sokotra islands.– Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 99: 93-102. HERBULOT, C., 1993.– Mimaplasta canui, n. gen. et n. sp. de l‘île de Socotra (Lepidoptera Geometridae Geometrinae).– Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Mulhouse, 1993: 49-50. IVINSKIS, P. & SALDAITIS, A., 2008.– New data on tiger moths of the genus Siccia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) with description of two new species.– Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 18: 256-260. LARSEN, T. B., 1983.– Insects of Saudi Arabia. Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera (A monograph of the butterflies of the Arabian Peninsula).– Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5: 333-478. LARSEN, T. B., 2005.– Butterflies of West Africa: 595+270 pp. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. LARSEN, T. & LARSEN, K., 1980.– Butterflies of Oman: 80 pp. Bartholomew Books, Edinburgh. MILLER, A. G. & MORRIS, M., 2004.– Ethnoflora of the Socotra archipelago: 759 pp. The Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh. NIEDOBOVÁ, J., HULA, V. & BEZDEˇ K, J., 2013.– A brief history of zoological exploration of Socotra Archipelago.– Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae: In press. OGILVIE-GRANT, W. R., 1899.– Description of three new species of butterflies.– Bulletin of the Liverpool Museum, 2: 10-11. OPLER, P. A., 1999.– A field guide to Western butterflies. Second Edition: 540 pp. Houghton Mifflin, New York. PARSONS, M., 1999.– The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea: Their Systematics and Biology: 928 pp. Academic Press, San Diego.
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