APPENDIX B: THE COMMISSION

INTRODUCTION WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS ON OATH The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission was established In May 2015, the Commission released four issues papers by the South Australian Government on 19 March 2015 to (focused on exploration and mining, further processing, undertake an independent and comprehensive investigation electricity generation, and storage and disposal of waste), into the potential for increasing South Australia’s participation which provided background information related to its Terms in the nuclear fuel cycle. It was required to report to the of Reference, and invited interested persons to respond to Governor of South Australia by 6 May 2016. questions. People and organisations were given three months to make written submissions on oath as evidence for the The Commission’s task was to prepare a considered report Commission to consider. to government to inform future decision making. The Commission received more than 250 submissions from The Commission determined that its process would be: the community, organisations, industry and government. •• evidence-based—meaning that it was concerned with Anyone who contacted the Commission seeking help to facts and identifying the basis for claims made, rather comply with its process was assisted. At the outset the than seeking views Commission made public that it would, by arrangement, •• open and transparent—enabling interested parties to receive submissions by other means. As a result, it took provide evidence, watch evidence being given, consider several oral submissions. and comment on the Commission’s tentative findings, ORAL EVIDENCE IN PUBLIC SESSIONS and scrutinise the basis for its findings The Commission held a series of public sessions from •• independent—forming its views independent of September to December 2015, and in April 2016, on topics of government, industry and lobby groups. interest to it. In those sessions it received oral evidence on oath from persons with relevant experience and expertise. EVIDENCE-BASED The public sessions were conducted informally, with a view to The Commission collected evidence from four sources: encouraging discussion with witnesses on central topics to written submissions, oral evidence in public sessions, its own draw out information of particular relevance. Witnesses gave research including overseas site visits, and commissioned evidence to the Commissioner on the basis of questions from studies. It carefully considered the reliability and credibility of Counsel Assisting. Most public sessions were conducted in the evidence it received, and was particularly concerned to the Commission’s session room in Adelaide, and all sessions understand the basis for many claims made in relation to the were streamed live on the Commission’s website. Transcripts issues it considered. This report identifies the evidence the and videos were later made available to be downloaded from Commission considered to be the most cogent from reliable the website. and credible sources. Over 37 sitting days, the Commission heard from 132 Although the Commission considered all the evidence it witnesses from Australia and overseas, including from received, it has not addressed in this report every issue Belgium, Canada, Finland, Germany, South Korea, Spain, raised in the evidence. Nor has it identified where it has Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States expressly accepted or rejected evidence. of America.

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION APPENDIX B 181 COMMISSION RESEARCH, INCLUDING VISITS TO The views expressed in these reports are the professional FACILITIES OVERSEAS AND IN AUSTRALIA views of the organisations and individuals that prepared The Commission spoke to representatives from governments, them. As such, the Commission treated these reports in the regulators, industry proponents and opponents during visits same way as evidence—and the extent to which they have to Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Japan, South been accepted and relied on is identified in the findings and Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates, the the reasoning in support of those findings. United Kingdom and the United States (see Figure B.1). A significant part of the visit to Japan was to the Fukushima OPEN AND TRANSPARENT district and the Fukushima Daiichi plant to witness firsthand The Commission conducted its process with the objective the devastation of the 2011 tsunami and nuclear accident. of engaging all South Australians, to encourage feedback, scrutiny and informed debate on the facts and the evidence. COMMISSIONED STUDIES Throughout the process, it published on its website the The Commission engaged organisations with expertise to written submissions it received, information about its undertake detailed assessments of the potential commercial international visits, the oral evidence and transcripts, and its viability of establishing nuclear facilities in South Australia tentative findings. It provided information about its key staff to undertake further processing, to generate electricity, and and advisors, and disclosed any of their relevant interests. to store and dispose of used fuel and nuclear waste. It also sought an analysis that considered the wider economic The Commission held two series of metropolitan and regional effects of investments made in developing those facilities. information sessions around South Australia, first to inform the public about the role and scope of the Commission’s It commissioned expert assessments in relation to fuel inquiry and the submissions process, and subsequently to leasing, the risks of transporting used fuel, how safety cases explain its tentative findings and invite responses. A wide are undertaken for geological disposal facilities, and skills range of community information sessions were held in requirements for the development of nuclear facilities. metropolitan and regional areas throughout the state (see Figure B.2).

Finland

Belgium UK

Canada

France Switzerland USA Austria Japan South Korea

Taiwan

UAE

Figure B.1: Countries visited by the Commission

182 APPENDIX B NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION INDEPENDENT The Commission had its own staff and engaged its own experts. COMMISSION STAFF The Commission had a range of technical, legal support and administrative staff led by Commissioner, Rear Admiral the Honourable Kevin Scarce AC CSC RAN (Rtd).

Chief of Staff Greg Ward

Legal Chad Jacobi, Counsel Assisting Lucinda Byers, Solicitor Assisting Bonnie Russell, Solicitor Wesley Taylor, Solicitor

Technical Dr Julian Kelly, Team Leader Figure B.2: South Australian locations visited by the Commission Research Officers Dr Massey De los Reyes The release of the Tentative Findings on 15 February 2016 Ashok Kaniyal shared with the community the Commission’s preliminary thinking on issues it considered important, based on Laura Rollison evidence. The Commission sought scrutiny by inviting public Rebecca Stohr responses within five weeks. It received more than 170 direct responses. The Commission read all responses and Research Assistants they informed the structure and range of issues addressed Meri Dharmarajah in the final report. Dr Geordan Graetz The Commission engaged regularly with Aboriginal David McGranaghan communities, including through public information sessions. Dr Christiaan Ridings It financially supported the convening of two meetings of the South Australian Native Title Congress (in Port Augusta David Scroggs and Adelaide) to discuss issues relating to the Commission. Administration and communications The Commission also met with the State Aboriginal Heritage Committee and other representative groups and individuals. Jon Bok, Regional Engagement Manager Helen O’Brien, Business and Information Manager During its many visits to Aboriginal communities, the Commission provided an interpreter and written materials in Lyn Pobke, Executive Assistant Pitjantjatjara to assist with the communication process. Jenny Turner, Senior Communications Manager Brittany Mara, Administration Officer Jacque Mullen, Records Officer

Editor Rowena Austin

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION APPENDIX B 183 ADVISORY COMMITTEES Radiation Medical Advisory Committee The Commission was supported by advisory committees, The Commission also engaged medical experts as a which provided valuable technical advice on issues of Radiation Medical Advisory Committee to advise on current concern to the Commission. research and knowledge on the health effects of radiation, Expert Advisory Committee and the interpretation of medical evidence received by the Commission. Its members were: An Expert Advisory Committee was established to advise and guide the Commission on a broad range of topics •• Professor Roger Allison, Executive Director, Cancer Care throughout its inquiry. The committee provided comment on Services, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital drafts of the issues papers, the tentative findings and this •• Professor Dorothy Keefe, Professor of Cancer Medicine, report. Its members were: University of Adelaide; Medical Oncologist, Royal Adelaide •• Professor , Chair of Environmental Hospital Cancer Centre; and Clinical Ambassador, Sustainability, University of Tasmania Transforming Health, SA Health •• Mr John Carlson AM, former Director-General of the •• Dr Leanna Read, South Australia’s Chief Scientist and Australian Safeguards and Non-proliferation Office expert in biotechnology •• Professor Ian Lowe AO, past President of the Australian •• Professor Daniel Roos, Professor, School of Medicine, Conservation Foundation and Emeritus Professor of University of Adelaide; Senior Radiation Oncologist, Science, Technology and Society, Royal Adelaide Hospital. •• Dr Timothy Stone CBE, Visiting Professor at University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS College London Preparing a relevant, detailed and evidence-based report on •• Dr Leanna Read, South Australia’s Chief Scientist and a topic that may affect all South Australians, including future expert in biotechnology. generations, was an important task. The Commission’s staff understood its magnitude and worked with determination Socioeconomic Modelling Advisory Committee and integrity to meet the report deadline. The Commission A Socioeconomic Modelling Advisory Committee was acknowledges the valuable contributions of its staff and established to advise on the development of the economic advisors to allow that to occur. assessments and their interpretation. Its members were: The Commission acknowledges the contributions of its •• Professor Ken Baldwin, Director of the Energy Change consultants, contractors and the numerous individuals Institute and Deputy Director of the Research School of who provided valuable assistance to the Commission. Physics and Engineering, Australian National University The Commission extends its gratitude to the many experts •• Professor Quentin Grafton, Chairholder of the UNESCO who generously provided their time to assist it to both Chair in Water Economics and Transboundary Water gather and understand a vast amount of information Governance, Australian National University on a range of complex and technical topics. •• Professor Paul Kerin, Professor and Head of School of Economics, University of Adelaide •• Professor Sue Richardson, Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor, •• Professor Mike Young, Professor, Faculty of Professions, University of Adelaide.

184 APPENDIX B NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION WITNESSES AT PUBLIC SESSIONS TOPIC 5: ESTIMATING COSTS AND BENEFITS OF NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES TOPIC 1: CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY POLICY 6 October 2015 9, 14 and 23 September 2015; 23 October 2015; 2 and 10 December 2015 Mr Brian Gihm Mr David Downing and Mr Kenneth Green Professor Ross Garnaut AO Mr Tim Johnson Ms Anna Skarbek Mr Robert Riebolge and Mr David Lenton Professor John Quiggin Mr Craig Mickle and Dr Jyothi Gali Mr David Swift and Ms Nicola Falcon Associate Professor TOPIC 6: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS: LESSONS Professor Graham Nathan and Dr Robert Dickinson LEARNED FROM PAST MINING AND MILLING Professor David Karoly PRACTICES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA Professor Tom Wigley (CASE STUDIES: PORT PIRIE RARE EARTHS Professor Ken Baldwin TREATMENT FACILITY AND RADIUM HILL) Professor John Fletcher 8 October 2015 TOPIC 2: THE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY MARKET Mr Kevin Kakoschke OAM 18 September 2015 Mr Greg Marshall and Mr Tony Ward Mr Keith Baldry, Mr Graham Palmer and Dr Artem Borysenko Mr David Swift Dr Paul Ashley Mr Rainer Korte, Mr Hugo Klingenberg and Mr Brad Harrison Mr Craig Oakeshott TOPIC 7: EXPANSION OF EXPLORATION AND MINING Mr Mark Vincent 14 October 2015; 10 November 2015 TOPIC 3: GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY OF Dr Andrea Marsland-Smith SOUTH AUSTRALIA Mr Keith Baldry, Mr Daniel Bellifemine and Ms Gabrielle Wigley 22 and 23 September 2015 Ms Jacqui McGill Dr Vanessa Guthrie Professor David Giles Dr Ted Tyne and Mr Greg Marshall Professor Graham Heinson Dr Steve Hill TOPIC 8: ADDING VALUE TO SOUTH AUSTRALIAN Dr Andy Barnicoat and Mr Martin Wehner RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS Mr Neil Power and Mr Lloyd Sampson 15 October 2015 TOPIC 4: LOW-CARBON ENERGY GENERATION Professor Frank von Hippel OPTIONS Mr James Voss 29 September 2015; 1, 7 and 30 October 2015; Dr Michael Goldsworthy 5 November 2015 Dr Patrick Upson Mr Donald Hoffman TOPIC 9: NUCLEAR REACTOR SAFETY Mr Andrew Stock AND REGULATION Mr Richard Turner 21 October 2015 Mr Jonathan Whalley Dr Gordon Edwards Mr Paul Graham Professor Per Peterson Mr Arjun Makhijani Mr Hefin Griffiths and Mr Mark Summerfield Dr Keung Koo Kim and Dr Kyun S Zee Mr Peter Wilkinson Ms Tania Constable and Professor Peter Cook Mr Thomas Marcille TOPIC 10: NUCLEAR ACCIDENT: Dr Eric Loewen FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI Mr Michael McGough 22 October 2015 Ms Rita Bowser and Mr Michael Corletti Dr Stephen Solomon Mr Gustavo Caruso Dr Mike Weightman

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION APPENDIX B 185 TOPIC 11: EFFECTS AND THREATS OF RADIATION TOPIC 16: HIGH LEVEL WASTE STORAGE 27 October 2015; 15 December 2015 AND DISPOSAL Dr 23, 24 and 25 November 2015; 4, 5 and 6 April 2016 Dr Carl-Magnus Larsson Dr Thomas Cochran Professor Geraldine Thomas Mr Timo Äikäs Mr Steve Fisher Dr Sami Hautakangas TOPIC 12: INSURING AGAINST NUCLEAR ACCIDENT Mr Alun Ellis Dr Mark Nutt and Ms Natalia Saraeva 5 November 2015 Dr Charles McCombie Mr Steven McIntosh Dr Maarten Van Geet Mr Mark Popplewell Dr Felix Altorfer TOPIC 13: COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND Professor Rodney Ewing NUCLEAR FACILITIES – GENERAL PRINCIPLES TOPIC 17: SECURITY AND NON-PROLIFERATION RISKS 9 November 2015 25 November 2015; 2 December 2015 Professor Daniela Stehlik Professor Hank Jenkins-Smith Professor Henry Sokolski Ms Barbara Campany Dr Robert Floyd TOPIC 13: COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND Professor the Hon Gareth Evans AC QC NUCLEAR FACILITIES–ENGAGEMENT TOPIC 18: FINANCING AND INVESTMENT WITH ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES IN NUCLEAR FACILITIES 12 and 16 November 2015 30 November 2015; 2 and 10 December 2015 Mr Bob Watts Mr Mark Higson Mr Parry Agius Mr Brendan Lyon and Mr Jonathan Kennedy Mr Keith Thomas Dr Darryl Murphy Mr Andrew Collett AM, Mr Christopher Larkin, Mr David Knox Mr Dennis Brown, Dr Scott Cane, Mr Richard Preece and TOPIC 19: OPPORTUNITIES IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE Mr Patrick Davoren 3 December 2015 TOPIC 14: TRANSPORTATION OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Mr Prab Takhar and Professor Eva Bezak Mr Marco Baccanti 17 November 2015 Mr Shaun Jenkinson Dr Edwin Lyman TOPIC 20: NUCLEAR EDUCATION AND Mr Frank Boulton SKILLS DEVELOPMENT Mr Jack Dillich and Dr Samir Sarkar Mr Hefin Griffiths 3, 4 and 10 December 2015 Mr Alastair Brown Professor Jon Billowes and Dr John Roberts TOPIC 15: LOW AND INTERMEDIATE LEVEL Dr Adrian Paterson WASTE STORAGE AND DISPOSAL Professor Aidan Byrne Mr Ross Miller 18 November 2015 TOPIC 21: REGULATORY OVERSIGHT Mr Patrick Davoren Dr Dirk Mallants 11 December 2015 Dr Sami Hautakangas Mr Donald Hoffman Mr Emilio García Neri Dr John Loy Mr John Carlson AM

186 APPENDIX B NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION PUBLISHED Business SA Electrical Trades Union SUBMISSIONS Caldicott, Helen Emerson, John Abbott, James Camarsh, Christopher; Carnegie, Energy Policy Institute of Australia Georgina; Herring, J. Stephen Energy Supply Association of Australia Aboriginal Congress of South Australia and Cassidy, Maja Engineers Australia Adelaide Hills Climate Action Group Campbell, Ashley ENuff Alchemides Pty Ltd Campbell Law Environmental Defenders Office Alinytjara Wilurara Natural Resources Cancer Council, Australia Management Board Faulkner, Carol Catt, Claire Askin, Henry Fiedler, Alexander Cauldron Energy Ltd Association of Mining and Exploration Fisher, Bill Companies (AMEC) Cenic, Goran Flew, Brian and May, Ivan Anderson, Christine Centre for Culture Land and Sea Inc. Fraser, Colin Malcolm Anderson, Geraldine Centre for Energy Technology, University of Adelaide Frazer Nash Consultancy Anggumathanha Camp Law Mob Chalmers, Mark Friends of the Earth Adelaide Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Chamber of Minerals and Energy WA Friends of the Earth Adelaide, the Australian Conservation Foundation, City of Port Adelaide and Enfield AREVA Resources Australia Pty Ltd and the Conservation Council of SA Clean Bight Alliance Australia Arius Association Friends of the Earth Australia, the Australian Radiation Protection Collett, John Australian Conservation Foundation, and the Conservation Council of SA Society SA Conservation Council of WA Gale, Luke Australian Academy of Technological Construction, Forestry, Mining & Energy Sciences and Engineering (ATSE) Union SA (CFMEU) Gartrell, Grant Australian Democrats Cooper, Mark (Institute for Energy GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy and the Environment) The Australian Government Geiser, Tom Cooper, Tim The Australian Industry Group GeoSynthesis Pty Ltd Cusack, Mary Giles, Mnemosyne Dickinson, Robert Australian ITER Forum Gladstone Uniting Church Diesendorf, Mark Australian Nuclear Association Glover, Graham Dingle, Margaret Australian Nuclear Free Alliance Golder Associates District Council of Robe Australian Workers Union Grano, Stephen Doctors for the Environment Bereznai, George Gray, Terry Drummond, Michelle BHP Billiton Grenatec Duncan, Ian Bluegreen Power Technologies Pty Ltd Grundy, Ken Durbidge, Colin John Bolton, Peter Gun, Richard and Crouch, Philip East Cliff Consulting Bowman, David Harris, Paul Eastman, Robert Brooks, Colin Heck, Ulrike Eckermann, Dayne Brown, Bobby Higson, Donald Economic Development Board SA Brown, James Hine, Garry Edwards, Sean Burke, Robert Hudson, Geoff

NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION APPENDIX B 187 Hunter, Sally Ngarrindjeri Regional Authority Inc. South Australian Chamber of Mines and Energy (SACOME) Illert, Chris Ngoppon Together Inc Starcore Nuclear International Campaign to Abolish Nicholson, Martin and Archer, Oscar Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), Australia Steele Environment Solutions Niven, Robert (School of Engineering Jakobsson, Darren and Information Technology, UNSW) Stewart, James Jans, Peter Noonan, David Studsvik Josephite SA Reconciliation Circle Nuclear Operations Watch Port Sykes, Pamela Adelaide (NOWPA) JRHC Enterprises Pty Ltd TAFE SA Orszanski, Roman Kaurna Yerta Tansing, Stephen The Outback Communities Authority Keane, Rebecca Thiselton, Susan Parkinson, Alan Kelly, Tim Thorium Energy Generation Pearson, Clive Kenyon, Tom Trebilco, Peter Penfold-Newton, Margaret Khurana, Ashok Tops, Sebastianus Poetzl, Yuri Kokatha Aboriginal Corporation Toro Energy Prospect Local Environment Group Langley, Paul The University of Adelaide (PLEG) Law Society of South Australia Upper Spencer Gulf Common Prospect Residents Association Purpose Group (USPCPG) and Lester, Karina Quail, Ivan Pt Augusta Council Lester, Yami Quiggin, John Uranium Council Lerc, Loraine Reid, David Uranium Free NSW Ludlam, Scott Repower Port Augusta VTT Technical Research Centre Luke, Timothy (Catalyst Energy) Resource Solutions - Australia Waite, Charles Mace Australia Resources and Engineering Skills Wakelin Associates Pty Ltd Mahomed, Irene Alliance Waldon, Gregory Paul Maralinga Tjarutja and Yalata Reynolds, John The Warren Centre for Advanced Community Incorporated Risk Frontiers Macquarie University Engineering Marsh, Enice Rowbottom, Gary Wauchope, Noel Martingale Inc. Rowland, Phillipa Wedd, Malcolm McEwin, Kathryn Russell, Geoff West Mallee Protection McGovern, Annie Scantech Williams, Mike Medical Association for Prevention Scott, Andrew Women’s International League of War Australia Inc. and Public for Peace and Freedom Health Association Australia Skinner, Vivienne Woodley Davis, Peter Medlin, Clare South Australian Native Title Service (SANTS) World Nuclear Association Minerals Council of Australia Suthern, Kerryn Wozniczka, Les Modistach, Ian Siemag Yankunytjatjara Native Title Aboriginal Monceaux, Dan Corporation Silex Systems Ltd Murphy, Barry Yeeles, Richard Smart, Roger Murphy, Graeme Young, Frank SMR Nuclear Technology Pty Ltd Newlands, John

188 APPENDIX B NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION