Sunrise, Sunset…Or Not? (810L)

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StepReadTM: Sunrise, Sunset…or Not? (810L) Sunrise, Sunset…or Not? The sun is a star. It shines light onto the earth and gives the earth heat. It makes life possible by providing energy and power to living things on Earth. In most of the world, the sun seems to do the same thing every day. It seems to come up in the east at the beginning of the day and go down in the west at the end of the day. But the sun isn’t really moving. It only seems to move because the earth is turning. Because the earth turns toward the east, the sun seems to come up in the east. The earth takes 24 hours to turn all the way around. That is the length of one day and night. But at some times of the year there is more daylight than at other times. Summer days may be longer than winter days, for example. In some places the summer days are a lot longer! The sun stays up in the sky for months without ever going below the horizon. One of those places is Alaska. It is in an area at the top of the earth known as the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is part of Earth’s Northern Hemisphere. For part of the spring and summer, this hemisphere tilts toward the sun, and the north part of Alaska gets tilted so much that the sun doesn’t set there for three months. In those months the sun is known as the midnight sun because it is still in the sky at midnight. Something very different happens during the fall and winter. At this time the Northern Hemisphere tilts away from the sun. As a result, the sun doesn’t go above the horizon in the north part of Alaska for a little over two months. This period of time is known as polar night. Even though the sun can’t be seen at this time, there is still some light in the sky. People can see well enough to walk around outdoors without using flashlights. 1 © 2016 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. StepReadTM: Sunrise, Sunset…or Not? (810L) Getting through the months of polar night and midnight sun may not be easy for people, but plants and animals have adapted to these months. During the winter in the Arctic Circle, some animals go to sleep for months at a time. Others travel south to where there is more sunlight. And what do animals do during the midnight sun? The 24‐hour sunlight makes things warmer, so mosquitos lay their eggs at this time. They lay their eggs on pools of water that come from melted ice. As a result, the birds that eat these insects have a lot of food. Also, animals that mainly eat plants are able to easily find food at this time of year. Most people are used to getting some sunlight and some darkness every 24 hours. So are most animals. But living things in places where the sun stays above or below the horizon for months at a time have had to adapt. 2 © 2016 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. .

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@ SOUTHWEST FOREST SERVICE Forest and R U. S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE P.0. BOX 245, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 94701 Experime Computation of times of sunrise, sunset, and twilight in or near mountainous terrain Bill 6. Ryan Times of sunrise and sunset at specific mountain- ous locations often are important influences on for- estry operations. The change of heating of slopes and terrain at sunrise and sunset affects temperature, air density, and wind. The times of the changes in heat- ing are related to the times of reversal of slope and valley flows, surfacing of strong winds aloft, and the USDA Forest Service penetration inland of the sea breeze. The times when Research NO& PSW- 322 these meteorological reactions occur must be known 1977 if we are to predict fire behavior, smolce dispersion and trajectory, fallout patterns of airborne seeding and spraying, and prescribed burn results. ICnowledge of times of different levels of illumination, such as the beginning and ending of twilight, is necessary for scheduling operations or recreational endeavors that require natural light. The times of sunrise, sunset, and twilight at any particular location depend on such factors as latitude, longitude, time of year, elevation, and heights of the surrounding terrain. Use of the tables (such as The 1 Air Almanac1) to determine times is inconvenient Ryan, Bill C. because each table is applicable to only one location. 1977. Computation of times of sunrise, sunset, and hvilight in or near mountainous tersain. USDA Different tables are needed for each location and Forest Serv. Res. Note PSW-322, 4 p. Pacific corrections must then be made to the tables to ac- Southwest Forest and Range Exp.
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