United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Vol-XVI, Uttar Pradesh
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CENSUS OF INDIA, 1921 UI'JITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OUDH Volume XVI Part I-REPORT fly E. H. H. EDYE, I.GS., StTPERINTENDENT, CENSUS OPERATIQ;'oIS ALLAHABAD: Soperintendent, Government Press. United Provinces 1 923 LIST OF ERRATA. Owing to a clerical error due to acres having been entered as square miles, Pilibhit district bu.;; wrongly been credited in the text of the Introduction and Cha.pter I with an additional 203 square miles. This error makes no di t1erence to the cOllclusions drawn, but for the sake of accuracy tho following emendation:! are necessary :- (1) Intra luction, page I.-Substitute for inset, .. additions '1 square miles, popula tioD 5,213, deductions 109 square miles, population 2l,929, differenctl-l02 sq. miles, population 16,'116. ~21 Chapter I, page 7, I.-Area is 112,244 sq. miles (102 sq. miles less than in 1911). Of these 106,295 belong to Bricish districts and 5,949 to states. At foot of page. Delete" Pilibhit, ecc.", and substitute (ia C( area subtracted" column) ,. minor changes 15 sq. miles, population 767." ,3) au page 8 in inset substitute in " percentage of provincial area" column in (2) 9'3; in (4 21'3; in (6) 4.-1. (4) Page 13, footnote I.-Substitute" Public Health figures are for the calendar year, Administration Report figures for the financial year-1st April to 31st March. (5) On page 17.-Inset., opposite Sub-Himalaya, West,jor'( 399" read" 407." (6) On page 19, line 1, subst Ltu.te .. lU densit.y sub-Himalaya West and Western Plain h~ve decreased most (30)." TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGES. eJlIIIAPTEB t.-DISTRIBUTION! AND MOVEMENT OF THE POPULATION-The area. dealt with-tbe population deal1i with, aud the completeness of the enumera tion-density and distriliution: general variation.: the deg~ee thereof to be accounted for-the vital statistics: their value in this oonneotion-the influence. on the populatio~;~;l oonditions of the decade as gauged by the 'Vital statistics-variation: how finally explained-probable degree of error in vital statistics-summary of conclusions .so far reached-distribution and density by admini~trative and natural divisions-variations by natural divisions: (1) in the decade-variations by natQ.ral divisions: (21 in the last half century-variatiou in the size of tbe family-distdbution and variat,ion : future tendencies 7--23- SUBSIDIARY TABL'F.S •• •• •• .: ..,.. ., 24-31 UBAPTER !I.-THE POPULATION OF CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGElS.-The statistics where shown-definitions-urbo.n and rural housing and density-city densi ties: the meaning of the figures-the urban and rural population: proporTioD, variation, and the causes of variation-the relative urbanisation of the natural divisions: and the variation thereof-the twenty-four cities-the distribution of the po Jlulation iq towns lind villages of different sizes 33 37 SUBSIDIARY TABLES •• 38-39 ()UlI>.P'rlUl. "IIl--BIRTHPLACE.-ThG statistios of birthplace where found-their nocuracy birthpla.ce how far an index of migration-migration distinguished in terms of dura.tioIlr-migration distinguished in terms of direction-internal migraticn-· immigration-emigration -the balance of migration-the balance of migration in the natural divi~ions-the birthplace of residents in cities 41-47 SUBEIDIARY TABLES •• 48-52 CHAl"l'lilB IV.-RELIGION.-The general distribution of the popUlation by. religion-the meaning of the figures-the local distribution of religions-the Hindus: (il Delin"ition of the Hindu community-Iii) Statistios of the Hindu commu nity-the Muhammadans-the Aryas-the Christians-other religions: the Jaind, the Sikhs, the Buddhists, Brahmos, Parsis, and Jews-the distribution of the Joss of popUlation among the differeut religious communities-conclusion 53-59 SUBSIDIARY TABLES _ • 60-64 .... LlloPTEll V .-- AG E.-The age statistics and their val ue-the age constitution of the popula tion; and cbanges therein that have occllrred during the decade-how br the 'Vital statintics corroborate the conclusions drawn f"om ,the ceDSUS r;turns- the evidenoe of the census returns tested by Sundbarg's formula-general conclu sions summarised-comparative," progressiveness" of main religions and of natural divisions 65-·75- 8UBSIllIARY TABLES " 76-83 elM.WEII. VL-BEX.-The sex proportion as revealed by the statistios-the acouracy of the statistics-the disproportion of the sexes I>nalysed-poEsible re,1sons of the disproportion examined-the increased disproportion fonnd at this census changes in the sex proportion within the province-the sex proportion dependen t on territorial not on genetic factors-summary of conclusions propounded in '. this chapter .. 85-92 SUBSIDIARY TABLES 93-97 Cw.PTER Vll.-CIVIL CONDITION.-Introductory-t.he general statistios-the genera.l statist!os compared with those of 1911-civil condition by natural divislons oivil condition by religion-civil condition by castes 99-IC4 SUBSIDIARY TABLlil8 105-111 CV_ti'TEB. VUI.-LITERACY.-The statistics of literacy where exhibited-literacy how defined- the accuracy of the statistics-the extent of litera.cy-literacy by a.ge periods- cost of literacy in terms of public monoy-the demand for literacy lemale education-literacy in cities-literaoy by natural divisions-literacy by districts-literacy by religion-literacy by caste-liLeracy in English 113-119 SGBS1DJARY TABLES •••• .. 120-127 Cti4.I>TElR IX -LANGUAGE.-Statistics of language where found-the nccura.cy of the figures-the four provincial verna.cula.rs-the popular distinction of Urdu and Hind-Hindustani the commonlprovincial speeoh-development of Hindustani 1019-132 11 PAGES. SUBSIDIARY TABLES 133-134. CHAPTER X,-IN~IRMITIES.-The statistics and their aecumey-the number of the afilicted -the distribution of the insane (i) by locality-(ii) by s.,x-(iii, by age- the listribution of deaf mute~ Ii) by locality-(ii) by sex-(iii) by age-thA distri hutirln of the blind (i) by loaality-{ii) by 6ex-(ili) by ago-the did;ribution of upen; (i) by IclCality-(ii) by sex-(iil) by ege-infirmities by ca~te 135-14;' SPBSIDIAltY TABLES 146-150 CRAP:l :R XI.-GASTl:!., TRIBi!], RACE OR Nt.TION/\LITY.-'l\he statistics and their aoau mey-the demographio vaho of the statistics-strength and variation of ,elected astes (1) Hindus-(:i) Muhammadans-the caste of Aryas-the caste or r Ice of members of the minor religion. 151-1.s~ SUBSlDl.L,Y TABLES 155-1.,~ ®llAPTnR XlI.-OOCUPATr'JN.-The statistics of occupation where exhibitnd--the question- Dalle from which the statIstics are denve:l j and dlfncultius of the enumorators dealing with it-the Bertillon schemt of classitication the accuraoy of tho st.1tistic,,-thA general functional di,tribution of the popuh.tion-agrieulture pasture-industry-I;he ~pecial Industrial census-the nature of the industries of the province-transpOI t-trade- pup 'ic adIDlIlistration-l!rofcs"ions and l;bera.l arts-persons livlllg on their JIl( Jme aomestic service-unproductive labour-labour-specIal DCjJartmental R e urns- -combined occupations -depen- dents-women workers-occupdotion. by .ood.lity -occui!",tlOm by caste •• 157-17{} SUlhIDIARy,.. ABLES 171-192 App ~NDIX A.-Distri bution and muvement of population by distriots, states and tahsils. 1-18 ApP1)NDIX B.-Note by the Rev. Rd.Y Smith, Honorary Se"retary, RepresentatIve Council of Missions, on the lIliosionary Socie,ie. and Chnb;ian Churches of tho United .Provinces 19 ApPENDIX C -The depressed classe of the Rumaun hills 21-22 ApPENDIX D.- -:~'iot, on the market of 1I11>U, ~ town in the Jhansi district, by B. V. Bhad- kalllkar, 1.C.S 23-26 ApPENDlX E.-Note on overcrowding in JarE,e citie , by W. H. Tennant, I.e.s.; and,Special Tables fn Allahabad, C .. wnpore and LUCIWOW municipalities 27-M PREFACE. N this report will be found a very brief account of the manner I in which the census was taken, and at greater length :an explanation of the statistics based on it, and some exa. mina.tion of the conclusions which may be drawn from these. It is well to state, in view of misapprehensions which have arisen on 9imilar oocasions in the past, and may arise again, that the oon dusions put forward, and any opinions expressed in the oourse of their presentation, are the conclusions and opinions of the writer, and in no sense those of Government. It should also be emphasised at the beginning that the writer is a layman and not an expert statistioian, and that he only da.ims for his ooncJusions the valuo whioh this remark implies. An engineer who has made a servioeable oulvert is direoted to build a bridge.' A member of the Indian Civil Service, who has for a few yoars kept some 80rt of order among a quarrelsome people, is in effoot told that he should by now have learnt theroby how to write a treatise on bimetallism, and to set about doing so. The reader (if any) may well ask" Sinoe you arc no export, why attempt to draw any conclusions at all ? " :My excuse oan only be-if I do not content myself with setting up preoedent as a defenoe-that tho quali:fi3d statisticians who pounoe upon all census matter will find it easier to attack a propounded thesis than to deal merely with the uninterpreted figures. I found this myself, and herein lies my justification for tilting at many of the views Of my predeoessors in office, :Mr. Burn and Mr. Blunt, towards whom I should feel nothing but gratitude forfthe guidance that their work has given me. Ingratitude, however, is proper to critioism: as witness the distinguished German scholar, trained by an even more distinguished and scholarly father, who in editing a classical text mentioned an alternative to his own reading with the comment" pu!idissimB pacer meus." REPORT ON THE CENSUS- OF THE CNITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OUDH 1921.