The Intersection of Academics and Culture
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1 THE INTERSECTION OF ACADEMICS AND CULTURE: AN INTERPRETIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN THE METROPOLITAN COUNCIL FOR EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM A thesis presented by R. Kelly Cameron to The School of Education In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the field of Educational Leadership College of Professional Studies Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts February 2019 2 Abstract The public school system is changing and so, too, are the lived experiences of African American students who attend predominantly White high schools through the Metropolitan Council for Educational Opportunity (METCO) program. Arguably, all students deserve access to high quality education, although student experiences differ in suburban and urban contexts. The lived experiences of suburban Whites and urban African Americans are vastly different. Education scholars continue to explore and research the phenomenon of lived experiences using interpretive phenomenological analysis as a qualitative research method to produce evidence associated with experiences. In this thesis, research interpreted the lived experiences of five African American students attending predominantly White high schools through the METCO program. Guided by cultural identity theory, the study sought to answer the following research question: What are the social and cultural experiences of African American students living in inner-city Boston who attend a predominantly White suburban school through the METCO program? Five major findings were discovered. First, student participants demonstrated an absence of understanding associated with the meaning and purpose of the METCO program. Second, long commutes on the school bus contribute to the lived experience and after-school activity decision-making of METCO students. Third, METCO students desire their suburban schools to nurture cultural interactions in a formalized manner across the student body. Fourth, African American students demonstrated intact cultural identities in their predominantly White suburban settings. Finally, situational occurrences involving culture reveal the ongoing presence of teachable moments for White teachers and school leaders. Keywords: experiences, African American, students, culture, identity, METCO 3 Dedication To the chief birth officer and educator-in-chief of my life journey—love you Ma To my dad who missed this moment, I’m sure you would be proud—HLC To the father who guided me spiritually as a man, you’re gone, but not forgotten—Rev. CET To S & G, it wasn’t easy being your younger brother, but you both taught me a lot about “stuff” I dare not forget to mention the Princess, thank you for inviting me into your life—DC For the many who encouraged me along this journey—thank you! 4 Acknowledgements To my five participants, this work is complete because of your contributions—thank you To Dr. Conn, your guidance and assistance helped me complete this journey—thank you To Dr. Brown-Thompson, your participation in this academic exercise really challenged me to think differently about the work I started and where it will go in the future—thank you! Dr. Motley, your example has been modeled for a long time and you never knew it—thank you! To Heartful Editor team & Dr. Joy Milano, your collective expertise contributed to a successful crossing of the finish line—thank you! 5 Table of Contents ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 2 DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 10 Addressing Educational Inequalities With METCO ................................................................. 10 Value of Experience .................................................................................................................. 14 The African American Student Experience .............................................................................. 16 Problem of Practice ................................................................................................................... 18 Justification for the Research Problem........................................................................... 20 Deficiencies in the Evidence .......................................................................................... 22 Relating the Discussion to Audiences ............................................................................ 23 Significance of Research Problem ............................................................................................ 24 Purpose Statement ..................................................................................................................... 26 Central Research Question ........................................................................................................ 27 Positionality ............................................................................................................................... 27 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................................. 28 Cultural Identity Theory ............................................................................................................ 30 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................... 32 The Phenomenon of Lived Experience ..................................................................................... 32 African American Students in Suburbia.................................................................................... 34 The High School Peer Relationship Ecosystem ............................................................. 35 Multicultural Education.................................................................................................. 35 6 Summary of Secondary Education in Massachusetts ................................................................ 36 Landmark School Desegregation Cases in Massachusetts ............................................. 36 Metropolitan Council for Educational Opportunity .................................................................. 42 Formation of METCO .................................................................................................... 42 Educational Opportunity Through METCO .................................................................. 44 Equity, Access, and the Socioeconomics of Public Education ................................................. 45 Achievement/Underachievement ................................................................................... 46 Cultural Identity Theory ............................................................................................................ 47 “Acting White” ............................................................................................................... 49 Code Switching .............................................................................................................. 49 Congruent Theory .......................................................................................................... 50 Scholarly Works ............................................................................................................. 53 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 53 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN ........................................................................................... 55 Qualitative Research Approach ................................................................................................. 55 Research Tradition .................................................................................................................... 57 Research Considerations ........................................................................................................... 58 Theoretical Underpinnings of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis .................................. 58 Phenomenology .............................................................................................................. 59 Hermeneutics .................................................................................................................. 59 Idiography ...................................................................................................................... 60 Research Question ..................................................................................................................... 60 One-on-One Interview Protocols ................................................................................... 61 7 Interview Phases ............................................................................................................. 62 Research Participants ................................................................................................................ 62 Recruitment and Access ................................................................................................. 63 Research