Timeline American Women in the United Methodist Tradition 1760 Philip and Margaret Embury and Paul and Barbara Heck Arrive in Ne
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Timeline American Women in the United Methodist Tradition 1760 Philip and Margaret Embury and Paul and Rights of Woman. Barbara Heck arrive in New York from County Limerick, Ireland. 1794 The American Convention of Abolition Societies is formed in Philadelphia with 1766 Barbara Heck is instrumental in organizing delegates from nine societies. the first Methodist congregation in America (New York City), which includes 1800 First woman's missionary society is formed in Bettye, a black woman. Boston (Baptist and Congregational women) to raise money and pray for domestic and c.1770 Mary Evans Thorne is appointed class foreign missions. leader by Joseph Pilmore in Philadelphia, probably the first woman in America to be A camp meeting is held in Kentucky, so appointed. launching a movement closely identified with Methodism for over a century. Camp 1773 The first Methodist Conference in America is meetings are part of the Second Great held in St. George's Church, Philadelphia. Awakening, a series of revivals that sweeps the nation during the first decades of the 1774 Mother Ann Lee and a small group of Shakers nineteenth century. sail to America from England. Jacob Albright forms three classes among the 1775 German settlers account for about 10% of the Germans in Pennsylvania. total white population in the thirteen colonies. Philip William Otterbein and Martin Boehm 1776 American Revolution; all of Wesley's found the United Brethren in Christ. missionaries except for Francis Asbury return to England. 1803 The Louisiana Purchase opens new territories for white settlement. 1784 The Methodist Episcopal Church is organized at the Christmas Conference in Baltimore. The first conference of Albright's followers is held. 1787 Cokesbury College opens at Abingdon, Maryland. 1807 England prohibits slave trade. The Free African Society is formed in Congress passes a law prohibiting the Philadelphia, the beginnings of the African importation of slaves from Africa; the law is Methodist Episcopal Church. widely violated, however. Dr. Benjamin Rush opens The Young Ladies 1808 There are one million slaves in the United Academy in Philadelphia, the first such States. American school. 1816 The African Methodist Episcopal Church is 1789 Philip William Otterbein organizes the first formed and Richard Allen is chosen bishop. annual conference of his followers. The first General Conference of the The Methodist Book Concern is begun in Evangelical Association convenes. Philadelphia. 1817 Bishop Richard Allen allows black 1790 The first successful American Sunday school evangelist Jarena Lee to exhort and to hold is established in Philadelphia. prayer meetings in her home, although he denies her a preaching license. The first U.S. census reports that there are 697,897 slaves and 59,466 free blacks in the 1819 The Missionary and Bible Society of the United States. Methodist Episcopal Church is founded. The New York Female Missionary Society 1791 John Wesley dies. is organized as an auxiliary to it. Samuel Slater opens a cotton mill in 1820 American Colonization Society founds Liberia Pawtucket, Rhode Island, signaling the onset for the repatriation of Negroes. of the Industrial Revolution. By 1828, nine out of ten New England textile workers are The African Methodist Episcopal Church, women. Zion, is organized in New York. 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft writes Vindication of the In the 1820s, the ideology of separate spheres 1 for men and women begins to appear in Oberlin College opens in Ohio. It admits popular literature. blacks and women from its inception. 1821 The Daughters of Conference (A.M.E. Melville Cox begins the first American Zion) forms to raise money for preachers Methodist foreign mission, to Liberia. and church buildings. 1834 The moral reform movement begins in New Emma Willard opens a women's school in York City with the organization of the New Troy, New York. York Female Moral Reform Society. By 1840 it is a national society claiming 555 Francis Cabot Lowell introduces the "boarding auxiliaries, but the movement does not last house" system in his new mill in beyond the end of the 1840s. Massachusetts, which employs only women. Sophronia Farrington, the first unmarried 1824 American Sunday School Union is organized. Methodist woman missionary, arrives in Liberia. 1825 Robert Owen establishes New Harmony, a utopian community in Indiana. 1835 Phoebe Palmer institutes a weekly prayer 1826 The Christian Advocate (Methodist Episcopal meeting in her home; for 37 years she is newspaper) begins publication. Methodism's most famous woman evangelist. 1828 Noah Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language published. 1836 Sarah and Angelina Grimke are hired as the first women agents of the American Ladies Magazine (later Godey's Lady's Book) Antislavery Society and lecture in public to begins publication; Sarah Josepha Hale is the audiences of men and women. editor. The New York Women's Anti-Slavery Society 1829 Suttee, the custom of immolating a widow bars blacks from membership. along with her dead husband, is abolished in British India. 1837 Ann Wilkins, with the support of the New York Female Missionary Society, goes to Lydia Maria Child's manual The Frugal Liberia. She retires in 1856 as the senior American Housewife is published. By 1842, missionary on the field. it has gone through thirty editions. Victoria becomes Queen of Great Britain. 1830 The Methodist Protestant Church is organized. Mary Lyon opens Mount Holyoke Female By this year, slavery north of the Mason- Seminary. Dixon line has been virtually abolished. Catharine Beecher, objecting to the Grimke Political upheaval and economic hardship in sisters' public role, argues in a tract that Germany lead to massive immigration to the woman should confine her activities to "the U.S. domestic and social circle." 1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing the Financial and economic panic in the United abolitionist periodical The Liberator, in States. Boston. 1838-9 The five southern nations (Cherokees, Several hundred Polish political exiles Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and immigrate to the U.S. Seminoles) are forcibly moved from the Southeast to the Southwest. 1832 The Boston Female Antislavery Society is Nearly one-half die of starvation, founded. exhaustion, and exposure along the Trail of Tears. A black student, Charles B. Ray, enters Wesleyan University in Connecticut. Students 1838 Sarah Grimke publishes Letters on the protest until he agrees to leave. Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman. Black women in Boston organize the Afric- American Female Intelligence Society. The Summeytown Bauernfreund, a German language newspaper, warns that "if more Irish 1833 Slavery is abolished in the British Empire. come into our country, the English and the Irish will rule over us Americans." Lydia Maria Child writes a pioneer antislavery tract. 1839 The M.E. Church acquires Wesleyan Female College, Macon, Georgia (founded 2 1836), the first college to grant full Labor Reform Association. collegiate degrees to women. 1846 Sewing machine patented by Elias Howe. Phoebe Palmer's Guide to Christian Perfection (later Guide to Holiness) begins Economic hardship brings another great wave publication. of immigration from Germany. By 1854, almost 900,000 Germans have come to the Mississippi enacts the first Married Women's U.S., outdistancing all other immigrant Property law. groups. 1840s Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania 1847 Gold discoveries in California lead to first pass laws limiting the hours of employment of gold rush. minors in textile factories. The M.E. Church begins mission work in 1840 Washington Temperance Society formed. China. Newbury Biblical Institute (Vermont) is A United Brethren quarterly conference founded, the first American Methodist gives Charity Opheral a preacher's license. seminary, forerunner of Boston University School of Theology. Horace Bushnell's Christian Nurture signals an important shift in perceptions of childhood. 1841 First university degrees granted to women in the United States. The M.E. Church, South publishes Southern Ladies' Companion. (Becomes The Ladies' Repository, the first Methodist Home Circle in 1855). periodical for women, begins publication. 1848 Mexican War ends; U.S. gains extensive new Catharine Beecher publishes Treatise on territory. Domestic Economy, an immensely popular household management manual. Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, launches the women's rights movement. 1842 Boston and Albany connected by railroad. 1843 Social reformer Dorothea Dix reveals in a The Ladies' China Missionary Society of report to the Massachusetts legislature the Baltimore is organized. shocking conditions in prisons and asylums. The M.E. Church, South begins mission work Orange Scott and others, favoring the in China. abolition of slavery, withdraw from the M.E. Church to form the Wesleyan Methodist Spiritualism becomes popular. Connection. 1849 Amelia Bloomer begins American women's Sojourner Truth begins traveling through the dress reform. United States preaching and lecturing on abolition. Jarena Lee's Journal is published. 1844 China and the U.S. sign first treaty of peace, Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery in amity, and commerce. Maryland and subsequently returns to the South nineteen times, rescuing over 300 The New York Ladies' Home Missionary slaves. Society is organized. 1850 The New York Ladies' Home Missionary The Methodist Episcopal Church is divided, Society, under the leadership of Phoebe north and south, by the Plan of Separation. Palmer, begins a mission in Five Points, the The issue of slavery also divides the worst section of New York City. Presbyterian and Baptist denominations. Lucy Stanton is the first black woman to S.F.B. Morse's telegraph is used for the first complete a collegiate course of study (at time between Baltimore and Washington. Oberlin College). 1845 Beginning this year, the potato famine in The Fugitive Slave Law eliminates any Ireland drives thousands of immigrants to the safeguards for runaway slaves, even in free United States. states. The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is 1851 Lydia Sexton is voted "recommendation" formally organized in Louisville, Kentucky.