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Coleopera: Cryptophagidae) from the Western Palearctic Region

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Coleopera: Cryptophagidae) from the Western Palearctic Region © Entomologica Fennica. 24 June 2013 Species of Cryptophagus Herbst, 1792, belonging to the “dentatus group” (Coleopera: Cryptophagidae) from the Western Palearctic region José Carlos Otero & Colin Johnson Otero, J. C. & Johnson, C. 2013: Species of Cryptophagus Herbst, 1792, belong- ingtothe“dentatus group” (Coleopera: Cryptophagidae) from the Western Palearctic region. — Entomol. Fennica 24: 81–93. Eight species of the genus Cryptophagus Herbst, 1792, belonging to the “dentatus group” from the Palearctic Region are revised. The opinions of differ- ent authors about the value of the characteristics of the external anatomy are con- trasted, and an identification key and figures of the studied species are presented. J. C. Otero, Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Bio- logy, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Correspondent author’s e-mail: [email protected] C. Johnson, 17 Peaknaze Close, Glossop, Derbyshire, SK13 6UN, England; E-mail: [email protected] Received 5 June 2012, accepted 30 October 2012 1. Introduction with sampling made systematically and periodi- cally in different regions of the Iberian Peninsula, Coombs and Woodroffe wrote in 1955: “...the allow us to show natural interspecific variability dentatus group of sibling species has long caused for the species studied in this article, but we in no confusion in the genus... It is possible that they case detected specimens that made us suspect the may be hybrids among the other species...The existence of possible hybridisations. It is true that dentatus group is obviously a complex of incipi- the variability manifests itself as frequent atypical ent species...”. Most of the authors that have stud- shapes in the external anatomy, so it is necessary ied this genus emphasize the high degree of vari- to study the male genital organs in most cases. ability of the species that form part of this genus. The following species are recognised in the Coombs and Woodroffe (1955), Johnson (1988), group “dentatus”: C. dentatus (Herbst), C. denti- and Otero (2011), express the difficulty to recog- culatus Heer (= C. pilosus Gyllenhal, = pseudo- nise the majority of the species by the characteris- dentatus Bruce), C. insulicola Roubal (= acumi- tics of the external anatomy and point out the ne- natus Coombs & Woodroffe), C. puncticollis P. cessity to study the male genital organs. For in- H. Lucas (= rotundatus Coombs & Woodroffe), stance, some species of the genus Cryptophagus C. intermedius Bruce, C. inaequalis Reitter, C. (C. punctipennis Bris. and C. reflexus Rey = C. galilei Otero and C. aurelioi Otero. Three of the pallidus auctt. not Sturm) or those included in the species, C. dentatus, C. denticulatus and C. inter- genus Telmatophilus Heer are good examples of medius, can be recognised for their external anat- this. The study of a large number of specimens omy, even if they show a certain degree of vari- from different zoogeographical regions, together ability. For the other species, those characteristics 82 Otero & Johnson • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 24 can be misleading, and it is necessary to study the 3.1. Key to species male genital organs. Their study shows that among all the species of this group, there is a great The key was created taking into account the similarity in the shape of the aedeagus and the in- works of Bruce (1936), Coombs and Woodroffe ternal sac and, in general, noticeable differences (1955), Dajoz (1959), Lohse (1967), Johnson in the morphology of the parameres and the (1988, 1992), Reška (1994), Lyubarsky (2002), sclerotized spines of the aedeagus (Reška 1994, Otero (2011) and Moncoutier (2002). All these Lyubarsky 2002, Otero 2011). works give valuable information about different aspects of the morphology and anatomy of the studied species. 2. Material and methods 1. Sides of pronotum (Figs. 1a, 4a, 7a) forming Terminology and measurements follow Otero angles from callosity to lateral tooth, and from (1997, 2011). Structures were measured under a toothtobase 2 Leica M205C stereomicroscope equipped with – Pronotum with parallel sides (Figs. 2a, 3a, 5a, an analysis system Application Suite. 6a, 8a) 4 The abbreviation WL is used for width/length 2. Straight apex of aedeagus (Fig. 7h); scleroti- ratio. The following acronyms are used to refer to zed rods linked in base (Fig. 7j) and endo- the collections, in which the examined specimens phallic orifice rounded and narrowed in apex. are deposited: Narrow parameres (Fig. 7i), 2 times longer than wide in base, sinuated internal margin CA: coll. F. Angelini, Francavilla Fontana, Italy and straight external one. Basal nodules not DA: coll. D. Agüin, Madeira covered by base of paramere. Area of pores HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum, without setae, equal to area with setae. 2 or 3 Budapest, Hungary apical setae, 0.75 times longer than paramere. IZRCL: Museo Civico di Zoologia, coll. Length: 2.0–2.1 mm Luigioni, Rome, Italy C. intermedius Bruce, 1934 MHNG: Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva – Rounded and undulate apex of aedeagus. MNHU: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt- Sclerotized rods not linked in base (Figs.1j, Universität, Berlin, Germany 4i) 3 NMW: Museo de Wien, Wien, Austria 3. Sclerotized rods (Fig. 1j); triangular para- MNCN: Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales, meres (Fig. 1i), 2 times longer than wide in Madrid, Spain base. Area of pores without setae larger than MZL: Museum of Zoology, Lund University, area of pores with setae; strongly sinuated in- Lund, Sweden ternal margin and convex external margin. UA: Entomological collection, Universidad de Apical setae shorter than paramere. Length: Alicante, Spain 2.2–2.5 C. aurelioi Otero & López, 2011 USC: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, – Aedeageal apodeme with two sclerotized rods Spain at apex (Fig. 4i). Parameres (Fig. 4h) ex- tremely thin and with curved external edge. Two short apical setae and infrequent pores, 3. Taxonomy (Figs 1–8) latter ones either with or without bristles. Vis- ible endophalic orifice (Fig. 4g). Length: 1.7– The species of this group present the following 2.1 mm C. galilei Otero, 1997 characteristics: Side of the callosity poorly visi- 4. Pronotum slightly narrower than base of ble or not visible dorsally (Figs. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, elytra (Figs. 3b, 5b, 6b, 8b). Lateral tooth in 6a, 7a, 8a); weak dorsal margin, not surpassing middle of side. Long pubescence 5 the lateral margin of pronotum; aedeagus pro- – Pronotum (Fig. 2a,b) as wide as base of elytra, vided with a preputial sac with a structure finely square or slightly transverse (WL= 1.4–1.6). granular and a well-defined cap in the apex. Convergent sides in straight line from lateral ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 24 • Cryptophagus "dentatus group" (Coleopera) 83 tooth to base. Punctation of pronotum (Fig. ing almost entirely the base of paramere, but 2f) much stronger than punctation of elytra internal nodule covering only lateral margin (Fig. 2g). Apex of aedeagus rounded outside of paramere. Length: 2.0–3.0 mm and straight inside (Fig. 2h); preputial sac C. insulicola Roubal, 1919 well defined and granulated, with “cap” in – Simple sclerotized rods (Fig. 5j), dilated in apex; simple sclerotized rods of same width in base. 2 apical setae shorter than 0.75–0.8 × all their length, sharp in apex, and sometimes length of aedeagus. Base of paramere (Fig. 5i) sinuated. Oval parameres (Fig. 2i), elongated with bilateral nodule. Both nodules covered and rounded in apical zone, while with bilat- by base of paramere. Length: 2.3–2.5 mm eral nodule in base; area of pores without C. inaequalis Reitter, 1878 setae equal to area with setae. Numerous api- cal setae, 0.75 times longer than paramere. Length: 2.0–2.8 mm 3.2. Systematic list C. dentatus (Herbst, 1793) 5. Convergent sides of pronotum in straight line 3.2.1. Cryptophagus aurelioi from lateral tooth to base. Simple apex of Otero & López, 2011 aedeagus (Figs. 5h, 6g, 8h), rounded and without projections. Preputial sac readily vis- Cryptophagus aurelii Otero & López, 2011. The ible, with granular aspect and 2 “caps” well Coleop. Bull., 65 (2): 185 (original spelling marked in apex. Inconspicuous endophallic incorrect) orifice; simple sclerotized rods of same width in all their length, sometimes sinuated and Material examined.5ex,P.N.deCabañeros, sharp in one of the ends (Figs. 5j, 6i, 8j) 6 Ciudad Real, Spain (MNCN, UA, USC) – Rounded sides from lateral tooth to base, or Important characteristics. Pronotum slightly slightly convergent (Fig. 3a,b). Apex of transverse (WL= 1.5) (Fig. 1a,b). Anterior callos- aedeagus (Fig. 3h) rounded externally and ity small (1/5 the length of its side), projecting straight internally. Endophallic orifice slightly from lateral edge, forming an obtuse an- rounded and narrowed in apical zone. Simple gle at a 36.5° angle from body axis. Surface sclerotized rods of same width in all their scarcely visible dorsally, glandular pore present, length, sharp in apex, and sometimes sinuated but not visible from above; lateral tooth in the anddilatedinbase(Fig.3j).Ovalparameres middle of the edge; lateral border concave, from (Fig. 3i) elongated and rounded apically. Base callosity to lateral tooth; sides converging from with lateral nodule. Area of pores with setae lateral tooth to base; basal groove present; well- larger than the area without them. 4 apical defined punctation, punctures separated by a dis- setae 0.75 times longer than paramere. tance shoter than their diameter (Ø= 13–15 µm). Length: 2.0–2.8 mm Aedeagus in Fig. 1h, sclerotized rods in Fig. 1j C. denticulatus Heer, 1841 and parameres in Fig. 1i. 6. Oval parameres (Fig. 8i), rounded in apex. Distribution. Spain (Otero & Lopez 2011). Base with external nodule covered by base of paramere. Area of pores without setae larger 3.2.2. Cryptophagus dentatus (Herbst, 1793) than area with setae. 2 or 3 apical setae, 0.75 times shorter than paramere.
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