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The Development of an Agricultural Landscape Along a Portion of the U.S Volume 2003 Article 14 2003 The Development of an Agricultural Landscape Along a Portion of the U.S. Highway 277 Corridor, with a Case Study of the Cotton Industry in Haskell, Texas Martha Doty Freeman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Freeman, Martha Doty (2003) "The Development of an Agricultural Landscape Along a Portion of the U.S. Highway 277 Corridor, with a Case Study of the Cotton Industry in Haskell, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2003, Article 14. https://doi.org/ 10.21112/ita.2003.1.14 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2003/iss1/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Development of an Agricultural Landscape Along a Portion of the U.S. Highway 277 Corridor, with a Case Study of the Cotton Industry in Haskell, Texas Licensing Statement This is a work produced for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) by the report producer. TxDOT and the report producer jointly own all rights, title, and interest in and to all intellectual property developed under TxDOT’s contract with the report producer. The report may be cited and brief passages from this publication may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to both TxDOT and the report producer. Permission to reprint an entire chapter, section, figures or tables must be obtained in advance from either the Supervisor of the Archeological Studies Branch, Environmental Affairs Division, Texas Department of Transportation, 125 East 11th Street, Austin, Texas, 78701 or from the report producer. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2003/iss1/14 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE ALONG A PORTION OF THE U.S. HIGHWAY 277 CORRIDOR, WITH A CASE STUDY OF THE COTTON INDUSTRY IN HASKELL, TEXAS by Martha Doty Freeman Prepared for Environmental Affairs Division HISTORICAL STUDIES REPORT NO. 2003-02 Prepared by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS, NUMBER 138 May 2003 THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE ALONG A PORTION OF THE U.S. HIGHWAY 277 CORRIDOR, WITH A CASE STUDY OF THE COTTON INDUSTRY IN HASKELL, TEXAS Copyright © 2003 by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) All rights reserved. TxDOT owns all rights, title, and interest in and to all data and other information developed for this project under Contract #572XXSA005. Brief passages from this publication may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to TxDOT and the author. Permission to reprint an entire chapter, section, figures, or tables must be obtained in advance from the Supervisor of the Historical Studies Branch, Environmental Affairs Division, Texas Department of Transportation, 125 East 11th Street, Austin, Texas 78701. Copies of this publication have been deposited with the Texas State Library in compliance with the State Depository requirements. Printed by Accugraphics in Austin, Texas May 2003 For further information on this and other TxDOT Historical Studies publications, please contact Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division Historical Studies Branch Lisa J. Hart, Supervisor Historical Studies Report No. 2003-02 Bruce D. Jensen, Series Editor Production of this report was directed by Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas Reports of Investigations, No. 138 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................. vii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 1 SETTING .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 2 Geology, Climate, and Weather ........................................................................................... 4 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF A PORTION OF THE U.S. HIGHWAY 277 CORRIDOR .............. 6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 6 Historical Context ............................................................................................................... 7 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 43 A HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COTTON INDUSTRY AND COTTON-RELATED PROPERTIES IN HASKELL, HASKELL COUNTY, TEXAS ..................... 46 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................. 73 APPENDIX: Population, Crop, and Livestock Data from Agricultural and Population Censuses for Wichita, Archer, Baylor, Knox, Haskell, Jones, and Taylor Counties .................................................. 87 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................. 103 iii LIST OF FIGURES 1. Routes of the Wichita Valley Railway (1890), Wichita Valley Railroad (1905–1906), and Abilene & Northern Railroad (1906) .............................................................................. 3 2. Natural regions of Texas ....................................................................................................... 5 3. Population in the project area, 1880–1960 ............................................................................ 13 4. Wheat production, 1879–1959 ................................................................................................ 14 5. Cotton production, 1879–1959 ............................................................................................... 15 6. Cattle production, 1879–1959 ................................................................................................ 16 7. Rainfall and cotton production record for the Haskell County region ................................. 20 8. Sanborn maps of portions of Seymour, Baylor County, Texas, 1908 .................................... 21 9. Sanborn maps of portions of Haskell, Haskell County, Texas, 1908 .................................... 22 10. Sanborn maps of portions of Stamford, Jones County, Texas, 1908 ..................................... 23 11. Sanborn map of portion of Anson, Jones County, Texas, 1908 ............................................. 24 12. Sanborn maps of portions of Seymour, Baylor County, Texas, 1916 .................................... 27 13. Sanborn maps of portions of Haskell, Haskell County, Texas, 1913 .................................... 29 14. Sanborn maps of portions of Stamford, Jones County, Texas, 1913 ..................................... 30 15. Sanborn map of portion of Anson, Jones County, Texas, 1914 ............................................. 31 16. Numbers of farms and acres in farms in the project area, 1880–1960 ................................ 32 17. Sanborn maps of portions of Seymour, Baylor County, Texas, 1925 .................................... 33 18. Sanborn maps of portions of Seymour, Baylor County, Texas, 1925 .................................... 34 19. Sanborn maps of portions of Munday, Knox County, Texas, 1925 ........................................ 35 20. Sanborn maps of portions of Haskell, Haskell County, Texas, 1921 .................................... 36 21. Sanborn map of portion of Anson, Jones County, Texas, 1922 ............................................. 37 22. Sanborn maps of portions of Seymour, Baylor County, Texas, 1930 .................................... 38 23. Sanborn maps of portions of Seymour, Baylor County, Texas, 1940 .................................... 39 24. Sanborn maps of portions of Seymour, Baylor County, Texas, 1940 .................................... 40 25. Sanborn maps of portions of Munday, Knox County, Texas, 1942 ........................................ 41 26. Sanborn maps of portions of Munday, Knox County, Texas, 1942 ........................................ 42 27. Sanborn maps of portions of Haskell, Haskell County, Texas, 1931 .................................... 43 28. Sanborn maps of portions of Haskell, Haskell County, Texas, 1941 ...................................
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