Silver Springs Basin Management Action Plan Working Group
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FINAL BASIN MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN for the Implementation of Total Maximum Daily Loads adopted by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection in the Silver Springs Basin Management Area for Silver Springs, Silver Springs Group, and Upper Silver River prepared by the Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration Water Quality Restoration Program Florida Department of Environmental Protection Tallahassee, FL 32399 in cooperation with the Silver Springs Basin Management Action Plan Working Group October 2015 FINAL Basin Management Action Plan for Silver Springs, Silver Springs Group, and Upper Silver River, October 2015 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Silver Springs Basin Management Action Plan was prepared as part of a statewide watershed management approach to restore and protect Florida’s water quality. It was developed with participation from affected local, regional, and state governmental interests, identified below; elected officials and citizens; and private interests. FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Jon Steverson, Secretary LIST OF SILVER SPRINGS BMAP PARTICIPANTS - = Empty cell/no data TYPE OF ENTITY NAME City of Ocala Alachua County City of Belleview City of Hawthorne Marion County The Villages Local Governments Town of McIntosh Lake County Town of Lady Lake Town of Fruitland Park Putnam County Sumter County Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (including the Florida Forest Service and Office of Agricultural Water Policy) Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Central and Northeast District Offices Regional and State Agencies Florida Department of Health in Marion County Florida Department of Transportation, Districts 2 and 5 Silver Springs State Park St. Johns River Water Management District Southwest Florida Water Management District Silver Springs Alliance Adena Springs Oklawaha Valley Audubon Plum Creek Timber Company University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension Other Interested Stakeholders Sierra Club Private agricultural interests University of Florida Florida Farm Bureau Federation Marion County Farm Bureau Page ii of xxiii FINAL Basin Management Action Plan for Silver Springs, Silver Springs Group, and Upper Silver River, October 2015 For additional information on Total Maximum Daily Loads and the watershed management approach in the Silver Springs Basin, contact: Mary Paulic, Basin Coordinator Florida Department of Environmental Protection Water Quality Restoration Program, Watershed Planning and Coordination Section 2600 Blair Stone Road, Mail Station 3565 Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Email: [email protected] Phone: (850) 245–8560 Page iii of xxiii FINAL Basin Management Action Plan for Silver Springs, Silver Springs Group, and Upper Silver River, October 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................................... II LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................... VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... XI CHAPTER 1 : CONTEXT, PURPOSE, AND SCOPE OF THE PLAN .............................................1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Total Maximum Daily Load ................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Regional Setting of the Silver Springs Basin Management Area ....................................... 5 1.4 Hydrogeology......................................................................................................................... 13 1.5 BMAP Assumptions and Considerations............................................................................ 15 1.6 BMAP Development Process ............................................................................................... 16 1.7 Pollutant Reductions ............................................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 2 : NITROGEN SOURCES, GROUND WATER QUALITY, AND FUTURE GROWTH .....................................................................................................................................19 2.1 NSILT..................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.1 Ground Water Recharge and Land Use...................................................................... 20 2.1.2 Estimating Nitrogen Inputs to the Land Surface......................................................... 20 2.1.3 Stormwater Runoff to Drainage Wells ........................................................................ 24 2.1.4 Estimated Load to the UFA......................................................................................... 24 2.2 Estimating Changes in Potential Loading to the UFA ...................................................... 26 2.3 Additional Verified Impaired Waterbodies........................................................................ 27 2.4 Managing Pollutant Loads from Future Growth .............................................................. 29 2.4.1 Alachua County ........................................................................................................... 29 2.4.2 City of Hawthorne ....................................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 Marion County ............................................................................................................ 31 2.4.4 Lake County ................................................................................................................ 31 2.5 Protection of Surface Water and Ground Water Resources through Land Conservation .......................................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 3 : POLLUTANT SOURCES AND RESEARCH STRATEGIES .................................39 3.1 Summary of Sources in the BMAP area ............................................................................. 39 3.1.1 Environmental Resource Permitting ........................................................................... 39 3.1.2 NPDES Stormwater Program ..................................................................................... 39 3.1.3 Urban Nonpoint Sources............................................................................................. 40 3.2 Agricultural BMP Implementation ..................................................................................... 41 3.2.1 Agricultural BMPs ...................................................................................................... 44 3.2.2 BMP Enrollment ......................................................................................................... 46 3.2.3 Agricultural BMP Load Reduction Estimates............................................................. 46 3.2.4 FDACS’ OAWP Role in BMP Implementation and Follow-Up ................................. 49 3.2.5 OAWP Implementation Assurance (IA) Program ....................................................... 49 3.2.6 Florida Forest Service Role in BMP Implementation and Monitoring ...................... 50 3.3 SJRWMD Springs Protection Initiative ............................................................................. 52 Page iv of xxiii FINAL Basin Management Action Plan for Silver Springs, Silver Springs Group, and Upper Silver River, October 2015 3.4 Other Research Efforts......................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 4 :NITROGEN LOADING SOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES .....................57 4.1 Management Efforts Focused on Silver River ................................................................... 57 4.1.1 Silver Springs/Silver River Pollution Reduction Project ............................................ 58 4.1.2 Silver Springs State Park Improvements.................................................................... 58 4.2 Wastewater Management ..................................................................................................... 63 4.2.1 Nitrogen Loading from WWTFs.................................................................................. 63 4.2.2 Wastewater Standards for the Silver Springs BMAP Area ........................................ 70 4.2.3 Nitrogen Loading from OSTDS .................................................................................. 71 4.3 Wastewater Management Strategy ..................................................................................... 79 4.4 Urban Fertilizer and Drainage Wells .................................................................................. 82 4.5 Agricultural Management Strategies .................................................................................. 86 CHAPTER 5 : ASSESSING PROGRESS AND MAKING CHANGES ...........................................93 5.1 Sufficiency of Effort .............................................................................................................. 93 5.2 Monitoring Water Quality ................................................................................................... 97 5.2.1 Monitoring Objectives and Anticipated Benefits .......................................................