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Laparoscopically Assisted Cervical Canalization and Neovaginoplasty in a Woman with Cervical Atresia and Vaginal Aplasia

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Laparoscopically Assisted Cervical Canalization and Neovaginoplasty in a Woman with Cervical Atresia and Vaginal Aplasia View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy 6 (2017) 31e33 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy journal homepage: www.e-gmit.com Case report Laparoscopically assisted cervical canalization and neovaginoplasty in a woman with cervical atresia and vaginal aplasia * Asami Kobayashi, Atsushi Fukui , Ayano Funamizu, Asami Ito, Rie Fukuhara, Hideki Mizunuma Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan article info abstract Article history: Cervical atresia is a Müllerian duct system anomaly, and it is often associated with vaginal aplasia. We Received 24 December 2015 report the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented with primary amenorrhea and cyclical abdominal Received in revised form pain, and was diagnosed with cervical atresia and vaginal aplasia that were treated laparoscopically. 6 May 2016 Laparoscopically assisted cervical canalization and neovaginoplasty were performed to relieve Accepted 9 May 2016 dysmenorrhea and allow for sexual intercourse and fertility. We did not use a bowel segment, skin, or Available online 7 June 2016 peritoneum as a graft for the neovaginoplasty. To prevent adhesions and promote epithelialization, we used an estrogen-containing cream. Moreover, we did not use a vaginal mold. The patient is free of Keywords: cervical atresia cervical stenosis and able to have intercourse. Long-term follow-up is necessary to ensure a future cervical canalization pregnancy and childbirth. laparoscopy Copyright © 2016, The Asia-Pacific Association for Gynecologic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive neovaginoplasty Therapy. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license vaginal aplasia (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Introduction while inspecting the vulva. A magnetic resonance imaging exami- nation also revealed cervical atresia and vaginal aplasia, and Cervical atresia is a Müllerian duct anomaly, and it is often hemorrhagic ascites. She was referred to our hospital for further associated with vaginal aplasia.1 It is extremely rare, and although evaluation and treatment. various surgical techniques have been reported, the method of A transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging e choice remains controversial.2 4 showed a normal body of the uterus, the endometrium, and We report the case of a patient with a cervical atresia and ovaries; however, the uterine part of the cervix was observed to be vaginal aplasia who was treated laparoscopically. Written informed tapering at the inferior end (Figure 1A). She experienced cyclic consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case lower abdominal pain concurrent with a drop in basal body tem- report. The local institutional review board exempted our case from perature. At that time, a hematometra and an accumulation of fluid the need for approval. in the peritoneal cavity were detected. Laparoscopically assisted cervical canalization and neovaginoplasty were performed to Case report relieve dysmenorrhea, and allow for sexual intercourse and fertility. A 17-year-old Japanese girl visited a local hospital because of The surgery was scheduled during the menstruation, because a primary amenorrhea and cyclical abdominal pain for more than 5 hematometra allows for an easy detection of the uterine cavity and months. The transabdominal ultrasound revealed a hematometra. makes it safe to perform a mechanical dilatation of the cervix. The Only the vaginal opening, without the vaginal cavity, was seen body of the uterus and bilateral adnexa were normal; however, the uterine part of the cervix was thin and short (Figure 1B). Mild endometriosis was detected on the pelvic peritoneum. Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this First, we constructed a neovagina through the vulva. article. Briefly, an X-shaped incision of the hymen was made, and a * Corresponding author. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki neovagina was manually constructed between the bladder and the University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan. rectum. The uterine cervix was small, and the external os was not E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Fukui). visualized. To reveal it, the uterus was opened at the fundus using a http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmit.2016.05.001 2213-3070/Copyright © 2016, The Asia-Pacific Association for Gynecologic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Therapy. Published by Elsevier TaiwanLLC. This isanopen accessarticle under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 32 A. Kobayashi et al. / Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy 6 (2017) 31e33 Figure 1. Imaging findings of the genital organs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, sagittal section. (A) The uterine cervix is small (yellow arrow) and the vagina is unobservable (pink arrows). (B) The body of the uterus and bilateral adnexa were normal, but the uterine cervix was thin and short, so bilateral uterosacral ligaments approached toward the midline (black arrows). (C) The uterus was opened at the fundus using a monopolar needle and an Endo Onion was inserted (black arrow) and strongly pushed inferiorly to reveal the uterine cervix. monopolar needle, and an Endo Onion (Hakko, Tokyo, Japan) was weeks. Hys-cath was kept in the uterus until menstruation. The inserted and strongly pushed inferiorly (Figure 1C). This maneuver menstruation occurred 25 days after the surgery. Dysmenorrhea made it easy to reveal and open the external os. Five 3e0 Vicryl was clinically relieved, and the patient was free of cervical stenosis. (Ethicon, Johnson and Johnson, Tokyo, Japan) circular sutures were The vaginal wall color gradually turned pink, indicating a regen- placed in the cervix to form the vaginal portion of the cervix. Hys- eration of the vaginal epithelium. Cytodiagnosis of the uterine cath (Sumitomo Bakelite Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was inserted to cervix was performed 26 days after the surgery and revealed few keep the neo-uterine cervix open for 1 month. The uterine fundus squamous epithelial cells on a background of inflammatory cells. was closed using a 2e0 PDS (Ethicon, Johnson and Johnson) suture. The second menstruation occurred 3 months after the surgery. The endometriotic lesion was electrocauterized by an argon plasma Three years after the surgery, the patient visits our hospital once coagulator. The blood loss was 100 mL and surgical time was 2 every 1 to 2 months. She remains free of cervical stenosis and is hours and 5 minutes (Figure 2). able to have normal sexual intercourse. To avoid a vaginal wall adhesion and to prevent infection, an originally mixed (1:1:1) vaginal cream consisting of an estradiol gel Discussion (Divigel 0.1%), antibiotic (gentamicin) cream (Gentacin Cream 0.1%), and lidocaine hydrochloride jelly (Xylocaine 2% jelly) was applied We reported the case of a cervical atresia and vaginal aplasia twice daily. The postoperative course was excellent, and the patient that were successfully treated laparoscopically. Total hysterectomy left the hospital 10 days after the surgery. She visited our hospital was previously the recommended treatment for cases of vaginal for follow-up examinations after the surgery once every 1 or 2 aplasia with a functional uterus.1,5 Today, there is a tendency to Figure 2. Surgical maneuver schemas. (A) Prior to the operation, the uterine cervix is small and the vagina is unobservable. The neovagina was manually constructed between the bladder and the rectum, and toward the uterus. (B) The Endo Onion was inserted into the uterus and strongly pushed inferiorly to reveal the uterine cervix. (C) The uterus was sutured with the peritoneum. A. Kobayashi et al. / Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy 6 (2017) 31e33 33 preserve the uterus. Fedele et al4 reported a laparoscopic technique weight of the newborns was 2400 g.3 Chakravarty et al2 reported in 2008. We performed a laparoscopically assisted cervical canali- that two out of 18 patients achieved pregnancy and gave birth. zation in reference to their report. In this case, we opened the Jasonni et al11 reported that one out of three patients achieved uterine fundus to reveal the uterine cervix clearly. This patient had pregnancy and required bed rest and tocolysis because of cervical cervical atresia and vaginal aplasia, so neovagina and neo-uterine shortening and dilation; however, this patient delivered a baby of cervix had to be created precisely. It is important to create the 2650 g by cesarean section. All cases may not become threatened by cervical canal correctly and carefully to avoid causing injury to the abortion or premature birth. There are cases that require bed rest or urinary bladder, urethra, and rectum, and for sexual intercourse, cervical cerclage; by contrast, there are cases that require no menstruation, pregnancy, and delivery. However, a more minimal treatment. The accumulation of cases is still necessary to evaluate invasive surgery for the uterus may be necessary. As a possible the prognosis of pregnancy and delivery of the postoperative maneuver, without opening the uterine fundus, grip the fundus or uterine cervical aplasia. Therefore, a laparoscopically assisted cer- bilateral round ligaments of the uterus and push inferiorly. Other- vical canalization for patients with cervical atresia and vaginal wise, the method of digging to the direction of the uterus under the aplasia may be promising not only for relief from dysmenorrhea but guidance of ultrasonography from the vaginal side may be also for future natural conception. possible.6 The method of the cervical canal opening for these pa- tients should be discussed more in the future. There are numerous Conclusion reports of neovaginoplasty techniques such as the Ruge,7 Whar- 8 9 10 ton, McIndoe, and Davydov methods. The common basic ma- We reported the case of a uterine cervical atresia and vaginal neuvers of these techniques include separating the bladder and the aplasia.
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