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11102-9781455202799.Pdf © 2010 International Monetary Fund July 2010 IMF Country Report No. 10/190 September 10, 2009 January 29, 2001 January 29, 2001 January 29, 2001 January 29, 2001 Union of the Comoros: Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy Paper Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy Papers (PRSPs) are prepared by member countries in broad consultation with stakeholders and development partners, including the staffs of the World Bank and the IMF. Updated every three years with annual progress reports, they describe the country's macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing. This country document for the Union of the Comoros dated September 10, 2009, is being made available on the IMF website by agreement with the member country as a service to users of the IMF website. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund Publication Services 700 19th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20431 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.imf.org International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution UNION OF THE COMOROS UNITY - DEVELOPMENT ± SOLIDARITY ------------ PRESIDENCY OF THE UNION OF THE COMOROS ----------------- OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER GENERAL FOR PLANNING POVERTY REDUCTION AND GROWTH STRATEGY PAPER (PRGSP) September 2009 ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution PREFACE This paper presents the Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (PRGS) for the Union of the Comoros. It outlines the country’s development priorities for the next five years, that are supported by all Comorians. This vision reflects the hopes of the population as well as the current socioeconomic situation; the medium-term macroeconomic outlook; the most recent findings from quantitative and qualitative studies of household living conditions, poverty, and various forms of inequality; and a review of the performance, strengths, and weaknesses of the country’s key social and economic sectors. Based on this comprehensive diagnostic assessment, six core strategies and 32 priority programs were identified and addressed in several discussion and validation workshops, which confirmed the relevance and priority status of these programs for the country's development. The Government of the Union of the Comoros intends to support these priority programs, as its resources allow, and to implement the institutional reforms required for true recovery of growth and reduction of poverty. Through the practical implementation of this strategy, the government intends to spare no effort to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MGDs). The Comorian people firmly believe that, with the support of the international community, the many challenges impeding the country's development process can be addressed. This strategy is the first step in setting the stage to restore the Comoros to the path of robust economic growth and sustainable poverty reduction. /s/ The President of the Union of the Comoros Moroni, September 10, 2009 ii ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AAIDA Arab Authority for Agricultural Development and Investment ACTIV Comorian Association of Veterinary Technicians and Nurses AFD Agence Française de Développement AfDB African Development Bank AGOA African Growth and Opportunity Act AIEB Support for basic economic initiatives AIMPSI Moroni Prince Said Ibrahim International Airport AMIE Micro and small-scale enterprise support project (UNDP) ANPI National Investment Promotion Agency APSA Association of Animal Health Professionals APSP Association for Private Sector Promotion ASC Anjouan Stevedoring Company ASECNA Air Navigation Safety Agency BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa BCC Central Bank of the Comoros BDC Banque de Développement des Comores BIC Banque pour l’Industrie et le Commerce des Comores c.i.f. Cost, insurance, and freight CCIA Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture CEN-SAD Community of Sahel-Saharan States CF or KMF Comorian franc CGP Office of the Commissioner General for Planning CHN National hospital center CHR Regional hospital center iii ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution CIPR Regional Education Inspection District CNAD National Committee for Development Support CNDRS Center for documentation and scientific research CNE Caisse Nationale d’Epargne National Committee to Fight HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted CNLS Infections COI Indian Ocean Commission COMACO Compagnie de Manutention des Comores COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Comités de Planification de Suivi-Evaluation du Développement COPSED [Committees for Development Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation] CURE Emergency Loan for Economic Recovery Développement des Cultures Vivrières et Appui Sémencier [Development DECVAS of Food Crops and Seed Support] DFI Decentralized financial institutions DIJEC Comorian comprehensive early childhood development DOTS Directly-observed treatment course (tuberculosis treatment strategy) EAP Environmental action plan EBC Budget and consumption survey EDF European Development Fund EDIC Diagnostic study on trade integration EDS Demographic and Health Survey EFA Education for All EIM Comprehensive household survey EPI Expanded Program on Immunization EU European Union EVF Education for family living EVIH HIV/AIDS survey FADC Community development support fund FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FEE Water and electricity fund iv ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution FER Road maintenance fund FP Family planning GAFTA Greater Arab Free Trade Area GDP Gross domestic product GFCF Gross Fixed Capital Formation GNP Gross national product GTS Sectoral Technical Group HDI Human Development Index HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome HPI Human Poverty Index ICPD International Conference on Population and Development ICT Information and communication technologies IEC Information, Education, and Communication IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IGE Income-generating activities ILO International Labour Office IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness IMF International Monetary Fund IsDB Islamic Development Bank KAP Knowledge, attitude, and practice MA–MWE Comoros water and electricity company MDG Millennium Development Goals MECK Mutuelle d’Epargne et de Crédit ya Komori MFI Microfinance institutions MICS Multiple Indicators Cluster Surve MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MTEF Medium-term expenditure framework NAP-EFA National Action Plan – Education for All v ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non-governmental organization NITC New information and communication technologies NN National network OCI Organization of the Islamic Conference ODA Official development assistance OHADA Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa OPACO Comoros employers' organization PIP Public investment program PNAC National autonomous pharmacy of the Comoros PNDRH National human resource development plan PNDS National health development plan PNE National program on environment PNLP National program to fight malaria PNLS National program to fight AIDS PNS National health policy POP Persistent organic pollutants PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility PRGS Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy PRGSP Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy Paper RF Road fund RGPH General population and housing census RH/FP Reproductive health/family planning RNFD National network for women and development SIDS Small Island Developing States SME Small and medium-scale enterprises SME/SMI Small and medium-scale enterprises and industries SNAC National Union of Comorian Farmers SNPSF National Postal and Financial Services Company vi ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution SNPT National Postal and Telecommunication Company STI Sexually-transmitted infections UA African Union UCCIOI Union of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the Indian Ocean UN United Nations UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund UNS United Nations System VAT Value-added tax WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization vii ©International Monetary Fund. Not for Redistribution CONTENTS Preface ii Acronyms and abbreviations iii Table of Contents vi CHAPTER I. CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND TO THE POVERTY REDUCTION AND GROWTH STRATEGY 1 1.0. Context of the Union of the Comoros 1 1.1. Background and foundation of the PRGS 3 1.2. Contents of the paper 5 CHAPTER II. ANALYSIS OF LIVING CONDITIONS AND POVERTY 6 2.0. Introduction 7 2.1. Population’s perception of well-being and poverty 8 2.2. Scope of monetary poverty 10 2.3. Effect of inequalities 11 2.4. Determinants of poverty 12 2.5. Non-monetary poverty 13 2.6. Impact of unemployment and under-employment 15 2.7. Restoring growth and reducing poverty 17 CHAPTER III. ANALYSIS OF SECTORAL PERFORMANCE AND CONSTRAINTS 18 3.0. Introduction 19 3.1. Agriculture, stockbreeding, and fishing 19 3.1.1. Agriculture subsector 19 3.1.2. Stockbreeding subsector 22 3.1.3. Fishing subsector 25 3.2. Tourism 27 3.3. Economic and communication
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