58 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIEH In connection with its exposure of Manfred Zapp and the Trans- ocean News Service, the committee found two pieces of correspondence . with Emerson. Exhibit 122, in appendix—Part II, reads as follows: SEPTEMBER 13, 1939. Col. EDWIN EMERSON, 6 Edgewood Terrace, Alexandria, Va., GERMAN-AMERICAN BUND Belie Haven. DEAR Sim: According to your request I am sending you, for a month on trial (Amerikadeutscher Volksbund) our Transocean News Service. In these times of crisis and war, the Transocean News Service is in the posi- The German-American Lund followed closely the pattern of treason tion to make its news reports available to individuals, Interested in Central made familiar by the Nazis in such organizations as those of Norway's European events. The Transocean News Service, whose headquarters are in Berlin, Germany, is Quisling, Czechoslovakia's Henlein,organizations Degrelle, and Jugo- a privately owned corporation, not to be confused with the DNB (Deutsches slavia's Pavelic. Operating under the flimsy pretext of cultural objec- Nachrichtenbuero), Transocean specializes in Central European and Near East, tives and general German-American welfare, the bund was always and ern news and has an excellent coverage of the Bahies, the Balkans, the Orient everywhere a Nazi agency working for disruption, espionage, sabotage, and Germany. Transocean carries all of the official government statements of Central Europe and does not permit its correspondence to color facts with and treason. The bund's pious pretenses were so shallow that it is individual opinion and comment. impossible to believe that any considerable proportion of its member- The Transocean News Service reports, which will be issued ship was ever truly deceived concerning its objectives. $3.00 a week. daily, would cost If you are interested in the Transocean News Service for your own information, please send me a note. THE COMMITTEE'S INVESTIGATION Very truly yours, On August 12, 1938, this committee held its first public hearings. MAN7renn ZAPP, In an all-day session, the committee heard four witnesses who testi- Subsequent to this offer from Zapp, Emerson voluntarily sent in a fied concerning the German-American Bund and its counterpart for report to Transocean and closed his letter with a "Sieg-Heil for your German nationals, the German Lund. Fuehrer." The letter is addressed to Tonn, Zapp's assistant. The most important of the committee's first witnesses was Peter 5 Encawoon TERM, BELLE HAVEN, Gissibl, who had been active in the pro-Nazi organizations which pre- Alexandria, Va., September 28, 1039. Mr. TONNy ceded the formation of the German-American Bund and had later, for Transocean, 341 Madison Avenue, a period of more than a year, been the local leader of the bund in New York Oily. Chicago. DEAR MR, Torcx: In accordance with my promise I am sending you a brief- It was definitely established through the testimony of Gissibl that report about an occurrence which may have escaped your local representative, Fritz Kuhn had ordered the destruction of bund correspondence and since nearly all the local papers assiduously suppressed it. It is of course under- stood that for such small services I do not expect any honorarium. membership lists in order to prevent their coming into the hands of As I have stated orally to you, you have my sincere sympathy in the difficulties- this committee. At the very outset of its investigations, therefore, of your dangerous post. You are so constantly devoting yourself to Transocean the committee was faced with the defiance and recalcitrance of the and your fatherland that you are able to overcome attendant inconveniences. bund leaders. Nevertheless, the very act of destroying its records Of your reports, which are always welcome, only two have failed to appear-so. far. My latest German mail arrived so mischievously rumpled that postman felt strongly confirmed the widely held suspicion of the subversive char- constrained to apologize for the Alexandria Post Office. acter and aims of the German-American Bund With a Sieg-lleil for your Fuehrer, During the latter half of 1938, the committee employed as an inves- Yours, tigator a man who had become a member of the bund in order to (Signed) EDWIN EMERSON. obtain evidence of the bund's character from the inside. The committee heard 23 witnesses on the blind in public sessions, FRIENDS OF GERMANY These included some of the outstanding leaders of the bund itself. The Friends of Germany was organized in 1933 by Emerson. The following is a tabulation of the witnesses who appeared before The Friends of New Germany, immediate predecessor of the the committee in public sessions and gave testimony on. the German- German-American Bund, appeared on the scene shortly after the American Bund, together with the dates of their appearance and the formation of Emerson's Friends of Germany. 59 In May 1934, the leaders of the two organizations with similar names—the Friends of Germany and the Friends of New Germany— negotiated an arrangement whereby the members of the Friends of Germany were to be admitted to the Friends of New Germany without the payment of an initiation fee. Thereupon, the Friends of Germany was dissolved. 60 UN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES VN-AMERICAN PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES 61 pages of the committee's hearings on which their testimony may be 5. That the bund was characterized by extreme religious found: bigotry. 6. That the bond aimed at the establishment of a new kind of government in the United States, one which should incorporate Page of Page of Date of ap- commit- witness Willson Date of ap- commit- the principle of Nazi religious bigotry. pearence tee poarance tee hearing bearing 7. That the bund kept a systematic record of its enemies. 8. That the bund specified that its meetings should be closed John C. Metcalfe._.__. Aug. 12,1938 3-99 Fritz Kuhn Aug. 16,1939 3705-3814 with the following declaration: "To a free, Gentile-ruled United f Peter Oissibl do 47-72 Do Aug, 17,1039 3815-3889 1. 84-86 1-3942 States and to our fighting movement of awakened Aryan Ameri- Frank Davin 'do... ..... 72-75 pollen Vooros Aug.Attg. 18.1.939 11",,,60 cans, a threefold rousing 'Free America! Free America! Free James J. Metcalfe do 76-84 John C. Metcalfe do 3942-3946 John M. Sweeney Sept. 15.1938 1028-1037 Henry D. Allen Aug. 22 1930 Roy P. 3971-4044 America!' " Monohan Sept. la 1038 1091-1006 Do Aug. 24.1930 4086-4179 John C. Metealfo Sept. 28.1038 1107-1139 Robert B. Barker 9. That the bund was an absolutely secret organization. Do __ Aug. 28,1939 4181-4237 Sept. 20,1938 1141-1102 Do Aug. 29,1939 4259-4268 Do Sept. 30,1938 1183-1180 Gerhart U. Serer 10. That the bund looked upon all Americans of German Do Sept. 25,1039 5175-5203 Oct. 5,1938 1203-1219 Neil Howard Ness._ Oct. 5,1939 '5489-5506 descent as owing loyalty to the Reich. Arnold Gingrich____._ - Oct. 6,1938 1221-1237 Do John C. Metcalfe Oct. 6,1939 6511-5530 Nov. 5.1938 2117 Fritz Kuhn Oct. 19,1939 6043-9124 11. And that the bond was ideologically and organizationally Bernhard Hoffman do 2118-2129 Richard LeRoy Schulr T. Forbes Oct. 21,1939 6185-6211 tied to Nazi Germany. do 2129-2142 Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze Oct. 1,1940 8251-8283 John C. Metcalfe Nov. moues 2235-2246 August Klapprott Do Oct. 2,1940 8235-8307 Nov. 16,1938 2287-2288 Arthur H, Bell do 8307-8313 Do Nov. 19,1938 2340-2303 A. M. Young do OUTLINE OF THE BUND'S HISTORY Do 8313-8318 Nov. 21,1938 2386-2389 Otto Rohner do 8318-8323 Theodore Oraebner Dec, 0,1938 3004-3015 • Herman A. Rios John C. Metcalfe do 8323-8330 Dec. 14,1938 1025-3027 Richard W. Werner Oct. 4, 1040 8331-8388 Tracing the organizational background of the German-American Bund briefly, we find the following stages: (1) The first definitely Nazi group organized on American soil was In addition to the foregoing witnesses who were heard in public formed in Chicago in October 1924. The group was known as Teu- sessions of the committee, 56 other witnesses were heard on the bund tonia and its founder was Fritz Gissibl. Gissibl, who was an alien, in executive sessions of the committee. at the time, later became a member of the National Socialist German For several months the committee employed special investigators Labor Party (the full English title of the Nazi Party in Germany). who were acquainted with the German. language. These investi- He was born in Nuremberg; Germany, and came to the United gators spent their entire time in examining the publications of the States in December 1923. A period of only 10 months elapsed between German-American Bund, particularly the Deutscher Weekruf and time of his arrival in this country and the time of his forming Teutonia. Beobachter, which was the blind's official organ. He made no secret of his allegiance to Adolf Hitler. Gissibl was a printer by trade and was employed on the Chicago Daily News until THE COMMITTEE'S REPORTS ON THE BLIND his Nazi activities were publicly exposed. According to Gissibl's sworn statements, Teutonia never had more than 50 members in Chi- In its first report to the House of Representatives in January 1939, cago. In 1931, a branch of Teutonia was formed in Detroit. The this committee dealt at length with the German-American Bund. Detroit branch was still smaller, having an approximate membership (See pp. 91-113 of that report.) The same was done in subsequent of 12.