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Vol 11, Issue 4 , April/ 2020 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF WATER RECOURSES AND RURAL TRANSFORMATION IN DHULEDISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA *Prof.RupeshR.Deore ** Dr.BhavsarSandip S. Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, G.T. Patil Arts, Science and Commerce College Nandurbar Dist. Nandurbar ABSTRACT permanently anywhere again reaches. It evaporates Water is essential component for the and again reaches the earth in the form of rainfall. survival of life on the earth. It contains minerals, India possesses 5 present of the world’s total water which is important for human beings as well as resources there are about 10,360 rivers of at least plant and aquatic life. The availability of water both 1.6 km length each with average annual flow of in terms quality and quantity is essential for the very 1869 cubic kms from the geographical angle only existence of mankind. It is also important for the 69000crore cubic kms (32%)surface water is used socio economic development of the human being due to uneven distribution and other hindrances. generally treasures of waters of any natural or Apart from them 43200 crore cubic meter administrative domain are divided into two forms- water is available at the national level in the form of surface and ground water. Availability of water traditional reserves and by diverting flow of water resources primarily depends upon the amount of for resupply. The main sources of water are rivers, rainfall and geological structure. But now, by lakes, ponds, tanks etc. Most of the surface water increasing population of country and are flows through rivers. Water is basic resource on industrialization the water resource are affected now the earth, which maintains its prominence among all days. In India 833 million people continue to live in natural resources. It is an important resource for the rural area. Little changes have taken place in the economic life of a majority of people in the world. context of transformation in water recourse of rural The way people handle and use water India in the past few decades.. India still remains resources is decisive for the social and economic overwhelming rural with nearly 69% of the Indian wellbeing as well as for the sustained quality of population still residing in villages out of the total of water resources. Use of water resources is perhaps 1210.2 million population in India, the size of rural the most basic concept of agricultural economy. It is population is 8.33.1 million cor,68.84% of total the key to an understanding of geographic population. Rural India has made remarkable adjustment of agricultural effectively. progress in promoting water resources. The water resources of the region under The present work is based on both primary study different from block to block, due to the and secondary data and aims to assess the physical conditions. There is change in transformation in availability of water resources of physiographic, soil type, rainfall and geology. These Dhule district Maharashtra. The analyzed data are entire factor played important role in determining compared with last fifty year position of water the availability of water resources and agricultural resources and their decadal variations in study area. practices of the Dhule district. The spatial The spatial distribution maps of the water resources differentiation in surface and ground water are prepared by using Arc Gis software. The paper resources affects the purpose of use for agriculture. concludes that changes in every ground and surface Before the using of water, we have to make proper water resources of the study region and also planning. Its importance also increased due to attempts to show to overcome the problem of water population pressure, which increased the demand scarcity in region. for food and raw materials. Keyword-Water recourses, ground water, surface The term transformation as the Oxford water, rural transformation, water scarcity, Advanced Learner's Dictionary explains is a change INTRODUCTION in the shape, appearance, quality or nature of In nature water is distributed in different something. The term transformation involves from at different places from where it moves to complex and multidimensional phenomena. It is other places, since water does not remain defined and interoperated in different ways. The www. jespublication.com Page No:1106 Vol 11, Issue 4 , April/ 2020 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 concept of transformation has been changing over Amrawati, Aner, Burai, Jamkheli, Kamkhed, space through the time. The word transformation Kanoli, Karvand, Malangaon, Nimhapazara, can be used both for the development as well as in Panzara, Sonvad, project, Sulwade and gauging deteriorating the status of something. WadiShewadi Barrage etc. Certainly has ensured the Transformation thus can be referred to either supply of adequate water for irrigational development and or deterioration causing requirements. degradation. STUDY AREA: The characteristics of the development as Dhule district is located in the north- aspects of irrigation are protective measures used to western part of the Maharashtra State. It extends make up the deficit of soil moisture, to ensure a between 20038’ to 21038’ N latitude and 74052’ to proper and sustained growth of crops and to make 75011’ East longitude. Dhule district covers an area harvest safe, and additional land utilization aspects of 8063.11 sq. km., which is 2.62% of the pertaining to the horizontal and vertical expansion geographical area of the state. According to the of cultivation to improve the level of productivity 2011 census, Dhule district has total 678 inhibited and reducing the socio-economic imbalance. villages and 20,50,862 people are residing within Besides making agricultural more intensive and the district and Population density of the district was more yielding the role of irrigation is also important 212 persons per sq.km. Percentages of the rural in respect of avoiding crop failure. population are 27.84 percent while 72.16 percent The main two sources of irrigation people live in the urban areas. available in the study region include surface water In Dhule district there are 31.56 per cent and the supply of ground water and their frequency population is scheduled tribe. On other hand at the is mainly determined by the rainfall regimes, tehsil level wide variation too are found in the topographic features, terrain and nature of soil. The Dhule region. Sakri tehsil ranks first with 53.34 southern part of the study region is rich in surface present tribal population followed by Shirpur, water as well as ground water. Tapi River and its Shindkeda and Dhule, tehsils, with 48.05, 24.55 and tributaries provide adequate water for irrigational 13.94 present respectively. purposes. The completion of various projects i.e. OBJECTIVE To find out the relationship between To focus on the availability of surface and availability of water resources and rural ground water resources in study region. transformation. To examine the role of water resources by DATA BASE AND METHODOOGY: agricultural irrigation and rural This study is based on the reliable and transformation of study region. accurate census data. It is not possible to conduct www. jespublication.com Page No:1107 Vol 11, Issue 4 , April/ 2020 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 individual enumeration of the required data from primary data through village and household door to door in study region. The required questionnaire designed for the purpose. The secondary data has been collected from the includes geographical study for a specific 17ruralvillages numerical surface and ground water data is selected as Sample villages have been selected available at Groundwater Survey and by stratified area sampling method and for Development Agency (GSDA), household respondent’s random sampling A) District census handbook methods. The collected data has been processed B) Other Government publications- and analyzed by using different quantitative, i) Socio –Economic review. statistical technique. ii) Records of zila perished. The geographical study of over 20 years i e iii) District statistical abstract. from 1991-2015has been analysed for Water The primary data includes information Resources area. For detailed study of water regarding water tables levels in the different resources sources in selected as rural villages. The seasons, sources of drinking water, thickness of collected data has been processed and analysed by soil, alluvium, weathered profile.The study is using different quantitative, statistical technique. based upon the secondary data as well as the Table No.1 Dhule District: Sources of Surface water Source Catchment Sr. No. River Origin Length Height (km2) 1 Tapi Multai 752 723 65145 2 Panzara Shenavad 1058 136 2729 3 Bori Chirai 600 138 2580 4 Aner Gajria (MP) 800 88 1350 5 Burai Pin jarzadi 750 77 1371 6 Amarawati Thanepada 400 55 789 7 Arunawati Jirpan (M P) 640 69 738 8 Kaan Hanvatpada 700 41 650 Source: Socio-Economic Abstract, Dhule District -2015 The Dhule district has mother river % of total area of the district.In table no. 1 shows ‘Tapi’ which is second largest west flowing river that sources of surface water in study region. In of the peninsular India. The Tapi River originates highest catchment area cover in Tapi River with at ‘Multai’ in Baitul district of Madhya Pradesh 65145 km2, followed by Panzara, Bori, Aner, Burai, and enters into the Dhule district near Piloda Amarawati, Arunawati and Kaan River with 2729, village of Shirpurtaluka. There are six tributary 2580, 1250, 1271, 789, 738 and 650 km2 river basins in the district which occupy about 83 respectively. Table No.2 Dhule District: Water Reservoir Sr. No. Tehsil Name of Project Height (M) Storage Command River Capacity Area (H) (M.Cu.M.) 1 Shirpur Aner 49 103.56 11000 Aner 2 Shirpur Karvand 39.32 21.12 9672 Arunawati 3 Shindkheda Amara wati 17.9 27.78 4094 Amara wati 4 Shindkheda Wadi-Shewali 31.44 36.93 -- Tapi 5 Shindkheda Sulwade 133 65.06 9333 Tapi 6 Shindkheda Sonavad 21.4 14.3 3452 Tapi 7 Sakri Lower Panzara 31.18 109.314 13348 Panzara 8 Sakri Panzara 33.5 43.42 9210 Panzra 9 Sakri Malangaon 23 13.03 2877 Kaan www.

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