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Home , Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh

11.28 UTTAR

11.28.1 Introduction

Situated in the northern part of the country, covers an area of 2,40,928 sq km, which is 7.33% of the geographical area of the country. The State lies between 23°52'N to 31°28'N latitude and 77°30'E to 84°39' E longitude and is bordered by in the north, , & in the west, in the west and south west, in the south and in the East. It has international border with in the north. The State has three distinct regions namely, the Shiwalik region in the north, Gangetic plains in the central region and Vindhyan hills in the south. Uttar Pradesh has a humid subtropical climate with dry winters. The annual rainfall ranges between 1,000 mm to 1,200 mm and the annual temperature varies from 5°C to 46°C. The State is drained by a number of rivers, which include Ganga, , Gomti, Ghagra, Betwa, and Gandak. There are 71 districts in the State, of which one is a tribal district and there are no hill districts. As per census 2011, Uttar Pradesh has a population of 199.81 million, which is 16.50% of population. The urban and rural population constitute 22.27% and 77.73% respectively. The Tribal population is 0.57%. The average population density of the State is 829 per sq km, which is more than twice the national average. The 19th Livestock Census of 2012 has reported a total livestock population of 68.71 million.

TABLE 11.28.1 Land Use Pattern

Land Use Types Area (in 000' ha) Percentage Geographical Area 24,093 Reporting area for land utilization 24,170 100.00 Forests 1,659 6.86 Not available for land cultivation 3,507 14.51 Permanent pastures and other grazing lands 65 0.27 Land under misc. tree crops and groves 305 1.26 Culturable wasteland 405 1.68 Fallow land other than current fallows 509 2.11 Current fallows 1,122 4.64 Net area sown 16,598 68.67 Source: Land Use Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, (2014-15)

273 Uttar Pradesh 11.28.1.1 A Brief Overview of Forestry Scenario As per the Champion & Seth Classification of Forest Types (1968), the forests in Uttar Pradesh belong to five Forest Type Groups, which are further divided into 28 Forest Types. Major part of the State is agrarian. In recent years, massive programmes have been taken up in the State to increase the forest & tree cover. Through the Nursery Management Scheme, the tall saplings of 8 to 12 feet height are also being raised for planting. During the plantation season of 2019 more than 22.5 saplings were planted across the State under the Vriksha Mahakhumbh Programme. To promote tree outside the forest areas, improve livelihoods and enhance income of the farmers, the State Government has exempted most of the trees species from felling and transit rules.

Recorded Forest Area (RFA) in the State is 16,582 sq km of which 12,070 sq km is Reserved Forest, 1,157 sq km is Protected Forest and 3,355 sq km is Unclassed Forests. In Uttar Pradesh, during the period 1st January 2015 to 5th February 2019, a total of 163.76 hectares of forest land was diverted for non-forestry purposes under the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 (MoEF & CC, 2019).

One National Park and 26 Wildlife Sanctuaries constitute the Protected Area network of the State covering 11.82% of its geographical area. located in the State is known for successful translocation of one horned .

11.28.2 Forest Cover Based on the interpretation of IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS III satellite data of the period Oct 2017 to Jan 2018, the Forest Cover in the State is 14,805.65 sq km which is 6.15 % of the State's geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the State has 2,616.43 sq km under Very Dense Forest (VDF), 4,080.04 sq km under Moderately Dense Forest (MDF) and 8,109.18 sq km under Open Forest (OF). Forest Cover in the State has increased by 126.65 sq km as compared to the previous assessment reported in ISFR 2017.

TABLE 11.28.2 Forest Cover of Uttar Pradesh FIGURE 11.28.1 Forest Cover of Uttar Pradesh (in sq. km) Non-forest Class Area % of GA 93.61% VDF 2,616.43 1.09 MDF 4,080.04 1.69 OF 8,109.18 3.37 Total 14,805.65 6.15 Scrub 586.52 0.24

Scrub VDF 0.24% 1.09% OF MDF 3.37% 1.69%

VDF MDF OF Scrub Non-Forest

274 Uttar Pradesh 11.28.2.1 Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) The State has reported extent of recorded forest area (RFA) 16,582 sq km which is 6.88% of its geographical area. The reserved, protected and unclassed forests are 72.79% and 6.98% and 20.23% of the recorded forest area in the State respectively. Due to non-availability of digitized boundary of recorded forest areas from the State, the updated Green Wash from SoI toposheets which is 13,433.75 sq km has been used as proxy to the RFA boundary and the analysis of forest cover inside and outside this area is given below.

TABLE 11.28.3 Forest Cover inside and outside Recorded Forest Area or (Green Wash) in Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) Forest Cover inside the Recorded Forest Area Forest Cover outside the Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) (or Green Wash) VDF MDF OF Total VDF MDF OF Total 2,455 3,039 3,701 9,195 162 1,041 4,408 5,611 26.70% 33.05% 40.25% 2.88% 18.55% 78.57%

*in case of Uttar Pradesh Green Wash boundaries have been used.

FIGURE 11.28.2 Forest Cover inside and outside GW in Uttar Pradesh

5,000 4,408 4,500

4,000 3,701 3,500 3,039 3,000

2,455 Inside GW 2,500 Outside GW 2,000 Area in sq km

1,500 1,041 1,000

500 162 0 VDF MDF OF

TABLE 11.28.4 District- wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh (in sq km)

2019 Assessment Change Very Mod. Open Total % wrt 2017 District Geographical Scrub Area (GA) Dense Dense Forest of GA assessment Forest Forest

Agra 4,041 0.00 62.68 199.94 262.62 6.50 -9.38 75.14 3,650 0.00 7.00 59.75 66.75 1.83 -0.25 1.00 5,482 6.00 26.00 97.21 129.21 2.36 2.21 36.26 Ambedkar Nagar 2,350 0.00 1.00 40.12 41.12 1.75 0.12 0.00 2,016 0.00 4.96 36.42 41.38 2.05 0.38 10.09 4,054 0.00 1.00 49.00 50.00 1.23 0.00 0.00 Contd.

275 Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) 2019 Assessment Change Very Mod. Open Total % wrt 2017 District Geographical Scrub Area (GA) Dense Dense Forest of GA assessment Forest Forest 1,321 0.00 5.00 12.06 17.06 1.29 0.06 0.00 5,237 240.00 156.11 153.99 550.10 10.50 1.10 9.00 2,981 0.00 0.00 22.15 22.15 0.74 0.15 0.00 3,349 279.00 157.94 89.07 526.01 15.71 2.01 3.00 Banda 4,408 0.00 55.91 46.00 101.91 2.31 -0.09 4.00 Bara Banki 4,402 3.00 6.00 74.07 83.07 1.89 6.07 5.70 4,120 0.00 7.00 38.00 45.00 1.09 0.00 0.00 Basti 2,688 1.00 6.00 22.25 29.25 1.09 0.25 0.00 4,561 39.00 218.38 146.23 403.61 8.85 1.61 5.52 5,168 0.00 8.13 23.91 32.04 0.62 -12.96 6.00 4,512 0.00 49.72 115.40 165.12 3.66 -0.88 0.00 2,541 7.00 192.00 366.26 565.26 22.25 0.26 10.00 Chitrakoot 3,216 81.00 319.00 186.40 586.40 18.23 0.40 40.51 Deoria 2,540 0.00 1.00 14.21 15.21 0.60 0.21 0.00 2,431 0.00 0.98 25.20 26.18 1.08 -4.82 -0.26 2,311 0.00 62.75 188.63 251.38 10.88 9.38 45.05 2,341 6.00 10.00 73.30 89.30 3.81 3.30 0.96 2,181 0.00 14.00 33.45 47.45 2.18 0.45 2.00 Fatehpur 4,152 0.00 18.00 35.44 53.44 1.29 0.44 0.00 2,407 0.00 5.00 53.60 58.60 2.43 9.60 27.01 Buddha Nagar 1,282 0.00 5.00 15.00 20.00 1.56 0.00 0.00 1,179 0.00 8.67 16.55 25.22 2.14 -0.78 0.00 3,377 0.00 1.00 28.00 29.00 0.86 0.00 0.00 Gonda 4,003 67.00 8.36 39.50 114.86 2.87 0.86 0.00 3,321 28.00 23.00 28.00 79.00 2.38 0.00 0.00 Hamirpur 4,021 0.00 80.00 147.00 227.00 5.65 0.00 14.00 5,986 0.00 16.98 126.87 143.85 2.40 -0.15 5.00 4,565 0.00 60.58 186.73 247.31 5.42 -1.69 37.97 Jaunpur 4,038 0.00 11.00 56.02 67.02 1.66 0.02 0.00 5,024 0.00 42.00 262.05 304.05 6.05 1.05 41.96 Jyotiba Phule Nagar 2,249 0.00 25.00 61.00 86.00 3.82 0.00 0.00 2,093 0.00 0.00 27.82 27.82 1.33 -0.18 0.00 Dehat 3,021 0.00 3.00 38.00 41.00 1.36 0.00 9.00 Kanpur Nagar 3,155 0.00 7.00 59.00 66.00 2.09 0.00 3.00 Kanshiram Nagar 1,955 0.00 7.67 41.13 48.80 2.50 -19.20 0.00 Kaushambi 1,779 0.00 5.00 22.83 27.83 1.56 0.83 0.00 KheriT 7,680 804.91 158.21 309.94 1,273.06 16.58 -0.94 4.49 2,905 0.00 2.00 32.84 34.84 1.20 0.84 0.00 Lalitpur 5,039 0.00 128.89 452.40 581.29 11.54 -5.71 33.18 2,528 0.00 162.00 216.87 378.87 14.99 13.87 2.18 Mahamaya Nagar 1,840 0.00 1.00 22.00 23.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 Contd.

276 Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) 2019 Assessment Change Very Mod. Open Total % wrt 2017 District Geographical Scrub Area (GA) Dense Dense Forest of GA assessment Forest Forest 3,144 0.00 21.00 149.00 170.00 5.41 0.00 62.00 Mahrajganj 2,952 259.00 101.00 69.07 429.07 14.53 0.07 0.34 2,760 0.00 1.00 12.64 13.64 0.49 -0.36 0.00 3,340 0.00 4.00 53.04 57.04 1.71 -2.96 3.52 Mau 1,713 0.00 0.00 11.00 11.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 2,559 0.00 34.00 34.41 68.41 2.67 0.41 0.00 4,405 8.00 289.58 506.15 803.73 18.25 -1.27 47.00 3,718 0.00 5.00 23.00 28.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 4,008 0.00 14.00 52.11 66.11 1.65 26.11 0.00 3,686 471.00 86.73 129.38 687.11 18.64 -0.89 2.11 Pratapgarh 3,717 0.00 31.58 86.24 117.82 3.17 15.82 2.00 Rae Bareli 4,609 0.00 4.00 89.54 93.54 2.03 0.54 1.32 Rampur 2,367 4.00 26.00 45.00 75.00 3.17 0.00 0.00 3,689 0.00 174.00 269.26 443.26 12.02 70.26 0.00 Sant Nagar 1,646 0.00 1.00 13.00 14.00 0.85 0.00 1.00 Sant Nagar 1,015 0.00 0.00 3.12 3.12 0.31 0.12 0.00 () 4,388 26.00 7.00 26.31 59.31 1.35 -1.69 1.17 Shrawasti 1,640 151.52 90.23 42.79 284.54 17.35 -0.46 0.00 2,895 0.00 8.00 26.08 34.08 1.18 0.08 0.00 5,743 0.00 19.00 190.42 209.42 3.65 0.42 6.30 Sonbhadra 6,905 130.00 967.00 1,443.29 2,540.29 36.79 1.29 28.00 Sultanpur 4,436 5.00 15.00 190.03 210.03 4.73 6.03 0.00 4,558 0.00 28.00 236.59 264.59 5.80 14.59 0.00 1,535 0.00 1.00 16.10 17.10 1.11 0.10 0.00 Grand Total 2,40,928 2,616.43 4,080.04 8,109.18 14,805.65 6.15 126.65 586.52

TABLE 11.28.5 Forest Cover Change Matrix for Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) 2019 Assessment Total ISFR Class VDF MDF OF Scrub NF 2017 Very Dense Forest 2,617 0 0 0 0 2,617 Moderately Dense Forest 0 4,052 9 0 8 4,069 Open Forest 0 25 7,899 16 53 7,993 Scrub 0 0 10 539 2 551 Non Forest 0 3 191 32 2,25,472 2,25,698 Total ISFR 2019 2,617 4,080 8,109 587 2,25,535 2,40,928 Net Change 0 11 116 36 -163

277 Uttar Pradesh Main reasons for the increase in forest cover in the State are plantation and conservation activities as well as improvement in interpretation.

TABLE 11.28.6 Altitude-wise Forest Cover in Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) Altitude Zone (m) Geographical Area VDF MDF OF Total Scrub 0-500 2,40,458 2,617 3,894 7,888 14,399 (97.25%) 585 500-1000 470 0 186 221 407 (2.75%) 2 Total 2,40,928 2,617 4,080 8,109 14,806 587 (based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016)

TABLE 11.28.7 Forest Cover in different slope classes in Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) Slope (in degrees) Geographical Area VDF MDF OF Total Scrub 0-5 2,35,259 2,394 3,142 7,074 12,610 (85.17%) 505 5-10 4,405 156 498 637 1,291 (8.72%) 57 10-15 730 39 220 207 466 (3.15%) 15 15-20 300 15 116 104 235 (1.59%) 6 20-25 143 8 62 52 122 (0.82%) 3 25-30 60 4 28 22 54 (0.36%) 1 >30 31 1 14 13 28 (0.19%) 0 Total 2,40,928 2,617 4,080 8,109 14,806 587 (based on SRTM, Digital Elevation Model, 30 m, 2016)

FIGURE 11.28.3 Forest Cover Map of Uttar Pradesh

78°00'E 80°00'E 82°00'E 84°00'E 86°00'E

N

UTTARAKHAND 30°00'N 30°00'N

Saharanpur HARYANA Muzaffarnagar Bijnore

Meerut J P DELHI Bagpat Ghaziabad Nagar Rampur Moradabad Pilibhit G B Buland- Bareilly NEPAL Nagar 28°00'N shahar Badaun Aligarh 28°00'N K.R. NagarFarrukhabad Shahjahanpur Sitapur Balrampur Etah Bahraich Mathura Siddharth Firozabad Hardoi Nagar Maharajganj Barabanki Gonda Mainpuri Gorakhpur Lucknow Kushinagar RAJASTHAN Kannauj Basti Etawah S K Nagar Unnao Ambedkar AuraiyaKanpur Deoria Nagar Dehat Kanpur Rai Bareli Sultanpur 26°00'N Azamgarh Mau Balia Jalaun Pratapgarh Fatehpur Jaunpur Ghazipur 26°00'N Hamirpur Kaushambi Jhansi Varanasi Banda S R Nagar LEGEND Mahoba Chitrakoot Prayagraj Very Dense Forest Mirzapur Mod. Dense Forest Chandauli Open Forest MADHYA PRADESH Sonbhadra Scrub Lalitpur Non-Forest Water-bodies JHAR- District boundary 24°00'N CHHATTISGARH 24°00'N KHAND State boundary

78°00'E 80°00'E 82°00'E 84°00'E

278 Uttar Pradesh TABLE 11.28.8 Wetlands inside the Recorded Forest Area (or Green Wash) in Uttar Pradesh (in ha) Wetland Category No. of Wetlands Total Wetland Area Inland Wetlands - Natural Lake/Pond 92 924 Ox-bow lake/Cut-off meander 47 742 Riverine wetland 103 1,079 Waterlogged 240 3,035 River/ 310 26,048 Sub - Total 792 31,828 Inland Wetlands -Man-made Reservoir/Barrage 504 8,754 Tank/Pond 106 353 Waterlogged 50 390 Sub - Total 660 9,497 Wetlands (<2.25 ha) 899 899 Total 2,351 42,224

Total Recorded Forest (or Green Wash) Area (in ha) 13,43,375 % of Wetland area inside Recorded Forest (or Green Wash) Area 3.14% (analysis based on the National Wetland Atlas: India, 2011)

11.28.3 Forest Types & Biodiversity Forest Types Maps of 2011 have been refined in the recently completed exercise by FSI. Percentage area under different forest types of Uttar Pradesh as per the Champion & Seth classification (1968), according to the latest exercise are presented in the following table.

TABLE 11.28.9 Percentage area under different forest types of Uttar Pradesh

SI.No. Forest Type % of Forest cover 1. 2/E1 (Cane Brakes) 0.14 2. 3C/1S1 Low Alluvial Savannah Woodland (Salmalia Albizzia) 0.03 3. 3C/C2d (i) Western Light Alluvium Plains Sal 10.06 4. 3C/C2d (iii) Eastern Heavy Alluvium Plains Sal 4.11 5. 3C/C3a West Gangatic Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest 2.56 6. 3C/2S1 Northern Secondary Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest 2.25 7. 4D/SS2 Barringtonia Swamp Forest 0.01 8. 4D/2S2 Eastern Wet Alluvial Grassland 0.63 9. 4D/SS3 Syzygium cumini Swamp Low Forest 1.33 10. 5B/C2 Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest 34.90 11. 5/E1 Anogeissus Pendula Forest 2.81 12. 5B/DS1 Dry Deciduous Scrub 2.75 13. 5B/C1c Dry Peninsular Sal Forest 2.39 14. 5E1/DS1 Anogeissus Pendula Scrub 1.08 15. 5/1S2 -Sissu Forest 1.08 16. 5A/C1b Dry Teak Forest 0.91 17. 5/E2 Boswellia Forest 0.80 18. 5B/C1a Dry Siwalik Sal Forest 0.71

Contd.

279 Uttar Pradesh SI.No. Forest Type % of Forest cover 19. 5/E9 Dry Bamboo Brake 0.52 20. 5B/C1b Dry Plains Sal Forest 0.41 21. 5/E3 Babul Forest 0.25 22. 5/E8b Babul Savannah Forest 0.10 23. 5/E5 Butea Forest 0.05 24. 5/E8a Phoenix Savannah Forest 0.02 25. 5/DS2 Dry Savannah Forest 0.01 26. 5/DS3 (Euphorbia Scrub) 0.01 27. 5/1S1 Dry Tropical Riverain Forest 0.00 28. 6B/C2 Ravine Thorn Forest 5.11 29. Plantation/ TOF 24.97 Total 100.00

11.28.3.1 Assessment of Biodiversity Findings of the rapid assessment of Biodiversity carried out at the national level for natural forests during September 2018 to May 2019 as part of the forest type mapping exercise is summarized below in table 11.28.10 and table 11.28.11 in respect of Uttar Pradesh.

TABLE 11.28.10 No. of species observed during the rapid assessment Plant Type Number of Species Tree 84 Shrub 71 Herb 86

TABLE 11.28.11 Shannon-Wiener Index of Tree, Shrub and Herb species in different Type Groups of Uttar Pradesh Shannon-Wiener Index SI.No. Forest Type Group Tree Shrub Herb 1 Group 2- Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests * 2.48 2.49 2 Group 3- Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests 2.31 2.41 2.26 3 Group 4- Littoral and Swamp Forests 1.98 2.29 2.63 4 Group 5- Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests 3.44 2.15 2.97 5 Group 6- Tropical Thorn Forests 1.42 2.07 * * adequate number of sample plots were not available

11.28.4 Fire Prone Forest Areas Geographical area under different classes of forest fire proneness are given in the following table

TABLE 11.28.12 Forest Fire Prone Classes (in sq km) Sl. Forest Fire Geographical % of Total No. Prone Classes Area forest cover 1. Extremely fire prone 124.70 0.92 2. Very highly fire prone 976.65 7.10 3. Highly fire prone 1,813.22 11.86 4. Moderately fire prone 3,487.79 17.66 5. Less fire prone 58,287.13 62.46 Total 64,689.49 100.00

280 Uttar Pradesh FIGURE 11.28.4 Fire prone forest areas under different fire prone classes N

LEGEND

State Boundary Extremely Fire Prone Very Highly Fire Prone Highly Fire Prone Moderately Fire Prone Less Fire Prone

11.28.5 Tree Cover Forest cover presented in the section 11.28.2 accounts for tree patches of size 1 ha and more having canopy density more than 10%. However, trees occurring in patches of size less than 1 ha including scattered trees are assessed through sampling based methodology. Tree cover in Uttar Pradesh has been estimated as given in table 11.28.13.

TABLE 11.28.13 Tree Cover in Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) Area Tree Cover 7,342

Tree cover of Uttar Pradesh has decreased by 100 sq km as compared to the previous assessment reported in ISFR 2017.

11.28.6 Extent of Trees Outside Forest (TOF) Trees outside Forests (TOF) refer to tree resources found outside the forests as defined in the Government records. FSI maps forest cover using satellite data and assesses tree cover outside forests using sampling based method. Forest Cover outside the recorded forest area is derived using boundaries of RFA or Green Wash. Extent of TOF therefore may be estimated as the sum of extent of forest cover outside the recorded forest areas (RFA) and tree cover as given in the preceding section.

281 Uttar Pradesh TABLE 11.28.14 Extent of TOF in Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) Forest Cover outside the RFA/GW Tree Cover Extent of TOF 5,611 7,342 12,953

11.28.7 Growing Stock in Forest Growing stock in the recorded forest areas (RFA) in Uttar Pradesh is given in the table 11.28.15. Diameter class-wise distribution of top 5 species in numbers derived from the forest inventory data is presented in the table 11.28.16

TABLE 11.28.15 Growing Stock in Uttar Pradesh (in m cum)

Growing Stock (GS) % of Country's GS Growing Stock in Recorded Forest Area 96.04 2.25 Growing Stock in TOF 97.62 5.94

TABLE 11.28.16 Diameter class distribution of top five species inside RFA in Uttar Pradesh (in '000) Sl.No. Species Dia class (cm) 10-30 30-60 >60 1. Shorea robusta 12,454 19,709 1,988 2. Tectona grandis 7,376 4,851 313 3. 8,439 1,575 66 4. Mallotus philippinensis 9,659 707 0 5. Lannea coromendelica 8,557 1,246 0

11.28.8 Carbon Stock in Forest

The total Carbon stock of forests in the State is 115.69 million tonnes (424.20 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent) which is 1.62% of total forest carbon of the country. Pool wise forest carbon in Uttar Pradesh is given in the following table

TABLE 11.28.17 Forest Carbon in Uttar Pradesh in different pools (in '000 tonnes) AGB BGB Dead wood Litter SOC Total 32,498 10,374 372 1,893 70,553 1,15,690

11.28.9 Growing Stock of Bamboo Bamboo bearing area and growing stock inside the recorded forest area (RFA)/ Green Wash in the State which includes culms of 1 year age and above are given in the table 11.28.18

TABLE 11.28.18 Growing Stock of Bamboo in Uttar Pradesh Growing Stock (GS) % of Country's GS of Bamboo Bamboo bearing area inside RFA/Green Wash (in sq km) 1,235 0.77 Total number of culms (in millions) 236 0.60 Total equivalent green weight (in 000' tonnes) 974 0.35

11.28.10 Dominant tree species in Trees Outside Forests (TOF) Top five species in numbers in Trees Outside Forests in Uttar Pradesh in Rural and Urban areas are given in the table 11.28.19 and table 11.28.20 respectively.

282 Uttar Pradesh TABLE 11.28.19 Top five tree species in TOF (Rural) TABLE 11.28.20 Top five tree species in TOF (Urban) in Uttar Pradesh in Uttar Pradesh Relative Relative Sl. No. Species Sl. No. Species Abundance (%) Abundance (%) 1. Mangifera indica 31.54 1. 15.90 2. Eucalyptus species 15.86 2. Mangifera indica 9.81 3. Populus species 9.60 3. Eucalyptus species 8.87 4. Azadirachta indica 5.71 4. Psidium guyava 3.90 5. Acacia arabica 5.30 5. 3.33

11.28.11 Major NTFP and Invasive Species Major NTFP and invasive species as assessed from forest inventory data are presented in the table 11.28.21 and table 11.28.22 respectively.

TABLE 11.28.21 Major NTFP species in the State of Uttar Pradesh Sl. No. Species Plant Type Relative Abundance (%) 1. Calotropis gigantea Shrub 87.76 2. Acacia concina Shrub 11.04 3. Hedyotes scandens Shrub 1.20

TABLE 11.28.22 Major invasive species in the State inside the RFA/Green Wash in Uttar Pradesh (in sq km) Sl. No. Species Estimated Extent 1. Lantana camara 798 2. Cassia tora 193 3. Saccharum spontanem 126 4. Dioscorea pentaphylla 72 5. Ichnocarpus frutescens 59

Major NTFP species are given in terms of relative abundance whereas invasive species are given in terms of their estimated extent.

11.28.12 Quantified estimation of Dependence of People living in forest fringe villages on forests in Uttar Pradesh Through a nation-wide study, FSI has done estimation of dependence of people living in the villages close to forest for fuel wood, fodder, small timber and bamboo in quantified terms for each State & UT of the country (Please refer to Chapter 10 in Vol. I for details). The estimated quantities of the four produce for Uttar Pradesh is given in the table 11.28.23.

TABLE 11.28.23 Estimation of Dependence of People in Forest Fringe Villages on Forests in Uttar Pradesh Fuelwood Fodder Bamboo Small Timber (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (cum) 51,40,777 5,93,35,092 1,09,512 1,59,587

283 Uttar Pradesh