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Neprilysin Is Required for Angiotensin-(1-7)
Page 1 of 39 Diabetes NEPRILYSIN IS REQUIRED FOR ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7)’S ABILITY TO ENHANCE INSULIN SECRETION VIA ITS PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY TO GENERATE ANGIOTENSIN-(1-2) Gurkirat S. Brara, Breanne M. Barrowa, Matthew Watsonb, Ryan Griesbachc, Edwina Chounga, Andrew Welchc, Bela Ruzsicskad, Daniel P. Raleighb, Sakeneh Zraikaa,c aVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, United States bDepartment of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States cDivision of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States dInstitute for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States Short Title: Angiotensin-(1-7) and insulin secretion Word count: 3997; Figure count: 8 main (plus 3 Online Suppl.); Table count: 1 Online Suppl. Correspondence to: Sakeneh Zraika, PhD 1660 South Columbian Way (151) Seattle, WA, United States Tel: 206-768-5391 / Fax: 206-764-2164 Email: [email protected] 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online May 30, 2017 Diabetes Page 2 of 39 ABSTRACT Recent work has renewed interest in therapies targeting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to improve β-cell function in type 2 diabetes. Studies show that generation of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its binding to the Mas receptor (MasR) improves glucose homeostasis, partly by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Thus, islet ACE2 upregulation is viewed as a desirable therapeutic goal. Here, we show that although endogenous islet ACE2 expression is sparse, its inhibition abrogates angiotensin-(1-7)-mediated GSIS. However, a more widely expressed islet peptidase, neprilysin, degrades angiotensin-(1-7) into several peptides. -
ALCAM Regulates Mediolateral Retinotopic Mapping in the Superior Colliculus
15630 • The Journal of Neuroscience, December 16, 2009 • 29(50):15630–15641 Development/Plasticity/Repair ALCAM Regulates Mediolateral Retinotopic Mapping in the Superior Colliculus Mona Buhusi,1 Galina P. Demyanenko,1 Karry M. Jannie,2 Jasbir Dalal,1 Eli P. B. Darnell,1 Joshua A. Weiner,2 and Patricia F. Maness1 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and 2Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 ALCAM [activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (BEN/SC-1/DM-GRASP)] is a transmembrane recognition molecule of the Ig superfamily (IgSF) containing five Ig domains (two V-type, three C2-type). Although broadly expressed in the nervous and immune systems, few of its developmental functions have been elucidated. Because ALCAM has been suggested to interact with the IgSF adhesion molecule L1, a determi- nant of retinocollicular mapping, we hypothesized that ALCAM might direct topographic targeting to the superior colliculus (SC) by serving as a substrate within the SC for L1 on incoming retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. ALCAM was expressed in the SC during RGC axon targeting and on RGC axons as they formed the optic nerve; however, it was downregulated distally on RGC axons as they entered the SC. Axon tracing with DiI revealedpronouncedmistargetingofRGCaxonsfromthetemporalretinahalfofALCAMnullmicetoabnormallylateralsitesinthecontralateral SC, in which these axons formed multiple ectopic termination zones. ALCAM null mutant axons were -
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Choi et al. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (2020) 20:360 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01636-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Soluble neprilysin and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study Ik Jun Choi1, Sungmin Lim2* , Youngdeok Hwang3, Dongjae Lee1, Won Jik Lee1, Kwan Yong Lee1, Mi-Jeong Kim1 and Doo Soo Jeon1 Abstract Background: Neprilysin has an essential role in regulating fluid balance and vascular resistance, and neprilysin inhibitors have shown beneficial effects in patients with heart failure. However, the potential predictive value of neprilysin levels as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of soluble neprilysin (sNEP) levels in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: Neprilysin levels were measured in 694 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). These patients were classified into two groups according to their serum levels of neprilysin and categorized into the lower neprilysin group (n = 348) and the higher neprilysin group (n = 346). The primary clinical endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: The median sNEP level was 76.0 pg/ml. The median sNEP levels were higher in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥40% (77.6 pg/ml, interquartile range 46.6–141.3) than in those with LVEF < 40% (70.0 pg/ml, interquartile range 47.1–100.6; P = 0.032). Among all patients, each clinical outcome and MACE did not differ significantly according to the groups divided into median, tertile, or quartile of sNEP levels during a median follow-up of 28.4 months. -
Stromal CD10 Expression in Breast Cancer Correlates with Tumor Invasion and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype
Louhichi et al. BMC Cancer (2018) 18:49 DOI 10.1186/s12885-017-3951-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Stromal CD10 expression in breast cancer correlates with tumor invasion and cancer stem cell phenotype Tahani Louhichi, Hanene Saad, Myriam Ben Dhiab, Sonia Ziadi and Mounir Trimeche* Abstract Background: Previous investigations have indicated that CD10 is associated with biological aggressivity in human cancers, but the use of this marker for diagnosis and prognosis is more complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD10 in breast cancer and its association with the clinicopathological features. In addition, we investigated whether a relationship exists between CD10 expression and cancer stem cells. Methods: CD10 expression was examined by the immunohistochemistry in a series of 133 invasive breast carcinoma cases. Results were correlated to several clinicopathological parameters. Cancer stem cell phenotype was assessed by the immunohistochemical analysis of CD44 and ALDH1. Results: Significant CD10 expression was found in the fusiform stromal cells in 19.5% of the cases and in the neoplastic cells in 7% of the cases. The stromal CD10 positivity was more frequently found in tumors with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.01) and a high histological grade (p = 0.01). However, CD10 expression by the neoplastic cells correlates with a high histological grade (p = 0.03) and the absence of estrogen (p = 0.002) as well as progesterone (p = 0.001) receptor expression. We also found that CD10 expression by the stromal cells, but not by the neoplastic cells, correlates significantly with the expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD44+/ALDH1+) (p = 0.002). -
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition (ARNI) Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: Primary Results of the PARADISE-MI Trial Marc A
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition (ARNI) Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: Primary Results of the PARADISE-MI Trial Marc A. Pfeffer, MD, PhD Distinguished Dzau Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital for the PARADISE-MI Committees, National Leaders and Investigators SAVE AIRE TRACE Radionuclide Clinical and/or Echocardiographic EF ≤ 40% radiographic signs EF ≤ 35% (1992) of HF (1993) (1995) 0.4 All-Cause Mortality 0.35 0.3 0.25 Placebo ACE-I 0.2 0.15 Placebo: 866/2971 (29.1%) Probability of of Probability Event 0.1 ACE-I: 702/2995 (23.4%) 0.05 OR: 0.74 (0.66–0.83) 0 Years 0 1 2 3 4 ACE-I 2995 2250 1617 892 223 Placebo 2971 2184 1521 853 138 Flather MD, et al. Lancet. 2000;355:1575–1581 Mortality in SAVE, TRACE, AIRE, and VALIANT Favors Active Drug Pfeffer,Pfeffer, McMurray, McMurray, Velazquez, Velazquez, et etal. al. N NEngl Engl J MedJ Med2003;3492003;349 2014 40 Enalapril 1117 32 (n=4212) 914 24 LCZ696 (n=4187) Meier Estimate of Meier Estimate 16 - HR = 0.80 (0.73-0.87) Cumulative (%) Rates Cumulative 8 Kaplan P = 0.0000002 Number needed to treat = 21 0 0 180 360 540 720 900 1080 1260 Patients at Risk Days After Randomization LCZ696 4187 3922 3663 3018 2257 1544 896 249 Enalapril 4212 3883 3579 2922 2123 1488 853 236 McMurray, N Engl J Med. 2014 AMI (0.5-7 days with LVEF ≤40% and/or pulmonary congestion) PLUS any risk enhancer Age ≥70 years Atrial fibrillation eGFR <60 LVEF < 30% Diabetes Killip class ≥III Prior MI STEMI without reperfusion Major Exclusions: Prior HF Clinical instability eGFR <30 Sacubitril/Valsartan Ramipril No run-in Target 97/103 mg BID Target 5 mg BID double-blind -controlled N=2830 active N=2831 Event driven: 711 primary endpoints Median follow-up: 23 months Primary Endpoint: CV death, HF hospitalization, outpatient development of HF Jering, Eur J ACC.21 Secondary Endpoint: CV death or first HF hospitalization Heart Fail. -
Epigenetic Suppression of Neprilysin Regulates Breast Cancer Invasion
OPEN Citation: Oncogenesis (2016) 5, e207; doi:10.1038/oncsis.2016.16 www.nature.com/oncsis ORIGINAL ARTICLE Epigenetic suppression of neprilysin regulates breast cancer invasion HM Stephen, RJ Khoury, PR Majmudar, T Blaylock1, K Hawkins1, MS Salama1, MD Scott1, B Cosminsky1, NK Utreja1, J Britt and RE Conway In women, invasive breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death. Therefore, identifying novel regulators of breast cancer invasion could lead to additional biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Neprilysin, a cell-surface enzyme that cleaves and inactivates a number of substrates including endothelin-1 (ET1), has been implicated in breast cancer, but whether neprilysin promotes or inhibits breast cancer cell progression and metastasis is unclear. Here, we asked whether neprilysin expression predicts and functionally regulates breast cancer cell invasion. RT–PCR and flow cytometry analysis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines revealed decreased neprilysin expression compared with normal epithelial cells. Expression was also suppressed in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) compared with normal tissue. In addition, in vitro invasion assays demonstrated that neprilysin overexpression decreased breast cancer cell invasion, whereas neprilysin suppression augmented invasion. Furthermore, inhibiting neprilysin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells increased ET1 levels significantly, whereas overexpressing neprilysin decreased extracellular-signal related kinase (ERK) activation, indicating that neprilysin negatively regulates ET1-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. To determine whether neprilysin was epigenetically suppressed in breast cancer, we performed bisulfite conversion analysis of breast cancer cells and clinical tumor samples. We found that the neprilysin promoter was hypermethylated in breast cancer; chemical reversal of methylation in MDA-MB-231 cells reactivated neprilysin expression and inhibited cancer cell invasion. -
R&D Assay for Alzheimer's Disease
R&DR&D assayassay forfor Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’s diseasedisease Target screening⳼ Ⲽ㬔 antibody array, ᢜ⭉㬔 ⸽ἐⴐ Amyloid β-peptide Alzheimer’s disease⯸ ኸᷠ᧔ ᆹ⸽ inhibitor, antibody, ELISA kit Surwhrph#Surilohu#Dqwlerg|#Duud| 6OUSFBUFE 1."5SFBUFE )41 $3&# &3, &3, )41 $3&# &3, &3, 壤伡庰䋸TBNQMF ɅH 侴䋸嵄䍴䋸BOBMZUFT䋸䬱娴哜塵 1$ 1$ 1$ 1$ 5IFNPTUSFGFSFODFEBSSBZT 1$ 1$ QQ α 34, .4, 503 Q α 34, .4, 503 %SVHTDSFFOJOH0òUBSHFUFòFDUT0ATHWAY涭廐 6OUSFBUFE 堄币䋸4BNQMF侴䋸8FTUFSOPS&-*4"䍘䧽 1."5SFBUFE P 8FTUFSOCMPU廽喜儤应侴䋸0, Z 4VCTUSBUF -JHIU )31DPOKVHBUFE1BO "OUJQIPTQIPUZSPTJOF .FBO1JYFM%FOTJUZ Y $BQUVSF"OUJCPEZ 5BSHFU"OBMZUF "SSBZ.FNCSBOF $3&# &3, &3, )41 .4, Q α 34, 503 Human XL Cytokine Array kit (ARY022, 102 analytes) Adiponectin,Aggrecan,Angiogenin,Angiopoietin-1,Angiopoietin-2,BAFF,BDNF,Complement,Component C5/C5a,CD14,CD30,CD40L, Chitinase 3-like 1,Complement Factor D,C-Reactive Protein,Cripto-1,Cystatin C,Dkk-1,DPPIV,EGF,EMMPRIN,ENA-78,Endoglin, Fas L,FGF basic,FGF- 7,FGF-19,Flt-3 L,G-CSF,GDF-15,GM-CSF,GRO-α,Grow th Hormone,HGF,ICAM-1,IFN-γ,IGFBP-2,IGFBP-3, IL-1α,IL-1β, IL-1ra,IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL- 5,IL-6,IL-8, IL-10,IL-11,IL-12, IL-13,IL-15,IL-16,IL-17A,IL-18 BPa,IL-19,IL-22, IL-23,IL-24,IL-27, IL-31,IL-32α/β/γ,IL-33,IL-34,IP-10,I-TAC,Kallikrein 3,Leptin,LIF,Lipocalin-2,MCP-1,MCP-3,M-CSF,MIF,MIG,MIP-1α/MIP-1β,MIP-3α,MIP-3β,MMP-9, Myeloperoxidase,Osteopontin, p70, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB,Pentraxin-3, PF4, RAGE, RANTES,RBP4,Relaxin-2, Resistin,SDF-1α,Serpin E1, SHBG, ST2, TARC,TFF3,TfR,TGF- ,Thrombospondin-1,TNF-α, uPAR, VEGF, Vitamin D BP Human Protease (34 analytes) / -
CD Markers Are Routinely Used for the Immunophenotyping of Cells
ptglab.com 1 CD MARKER ANTIBODIES www.ptglab.com Introduction The cluster of differentiation (abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules. So-called CD markers are routinely used for the immunophenotyping of cells. Despite this use, they are not limited to roles in the immune system and perform a variety of roles in cell differentiation, adhesion, migration, blood clotting, gamete fertilization, amino acid transport and apoptosis, among many others. As such, Proteintech’s mini catalog featuring its antibodies targeting CD markers is applicable to a wide range of research disciplines. PRODUCT FOCUS PECAM1 Platelet endothelial cell adhesion of blood vessels – making up a large portion molecule-1 (PECAM1), also known as cluster of its intracellular junctions. PECAM-1 is also CD Number of differentiation 31 (CD31), is a member of present on the surface of hematopoietic the immunoglobulin gene superfamily of cell cells and immune cells including platelets, CD31 adhesion molecules. It is highly expressed monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, on the surface of the endothelium – the thin megakaryocytes and some types of T-cell. Catalog Number layer of endothelial cells lining the interior 11256-1-AP Type Rabbit Polyclonal Applications ELISA, FC, IF, IHC, IP, WB 16 Publications Immunohistochemical of paraffin-embedded Figure 1: Immunofluorescence staining human hepatocirrhosis using PECAM1, CD31 of PECAM1 (11256-1-AP), Alexa 488 goat antibody (11265-1-AP) at a dilution of 1:50 anti-rabbit (green), and smooth muscle KD/KO Validated (40x objective). alpha-actin (red), courtesy of Nicola Smart. PECAM1: Customer Testimonial Nicola Smart, a cardiovascular researcher “As you can see [the immunostaining] is and a group leader at the University of extremely clean and specific [and] displays Oxford, has said of the PECAM1 antibody strong intercellular junction expression, (11265-1-AP) that it “worked beautifully as expected for a cell adhesion molecule.” on every occasion I’ve tried it.” Proteintech thanks Dr. -
Urinary Biomarkers for the Detection of Prostate Cancer in Patients with High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
The Prostate Urinary Biomarkers for the Detection of Prostate Cancer in Patients With High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Tamara Sequeiros,1 Juan M. Bastaros, 2 Milagros Sanchez, 1 Marina Rigau,1 Melania Montes,1 Jose Placer,2 Jaques Planas,2 Ines de Torres,3 Jaume Reventos, 1,4,5 D. Michiel Pegtel,6 Andreas Doll,1,4 Juan Morote,1,2 and Mireia Olivan1* 1Group of Biomedical Research in Urology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain 2Department of Urology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain 3Department of Pathology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain 4Departament de Ciencies Basiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain 5IDIBELL- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain 6Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands INTRODUCTION. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a recognized precursor stage of PCa. Men who present HGPIN in a first prostate biopsy face years of active surveillance including repeat biopsies. This study aimed to identify non-invasive prognostic biomarkers that differentiate early on between indolent HGPIN cases and those that will transform into actual PCa. METHODS. We measured the expression of 21 candidate mRNA biomarkers using quantitative PCR in urine sediment samples from a cohort of 90 patients with initial diagnosis of HGPIN and a posterior follow up of at least two years. Uni- and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to analyze the candidate biomarkers and multiplex models using combinations of these biomarkers. -
L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule in Cancer, a Systematic Review on Domain-Specific Functions
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule in Cancer, a Systematic Review on Domain-Specific Functions Miriam van der Maten 1,2, Casper Reijnen 1,3, Johanna M.A. Pijnenborg 1,* and Mirjam M. Zegers 2,* 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.M.A.P); [email protected] (M.M.Z.) Received: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 23 August 2019; Published: 26 August 2019 Abstract: L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a glycoprotein involved in cancer development and is associated with metastases and poor prognosis. Cellular processing of L1CAM results in expression of either full-length or cleaved forms of the protein. The different forms of L1CAM may localize at the plasma membrane as a transmembrane protein, or in the intra- or extracellular environment as cleaved or exosomal forms. Here, we systematically analyze available literature that directly relates to L1CAM domains and associated signaling pathways in cancer. Specifically, we chart its domain-specific functions in relation to cancer progression, and outline pre-clinical assays used to assess L1CAM. It is found that full-length L1CAM has both intracellular and extracellular targets, including interactions with integrins, and linkage with ezrin. Cellular processing leading to proteolytic cleavage and/or exosome formation results in extracellular soluble forms of L1CAM that may act through similar mechanisms as compared to full-length L1CAM, such as integrin-dependent signals, but also through distinct mechanisms. -
In Prostate Cancer
l ch cina em di is e tr M y Shen et al., Med chem 2014, 4:11 Medicinal chemistry DOI: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000220 ISSN: 2161-0444 Revie Article Open Access Roles of Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) in Prostate Cancer Chengwu Shen1, Jing Zhang1, Mei Qi2, Yannicca WYChang3 and Bo Han2,4* 1Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021 China 2Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China 3Department of Health and Disease and Psychology, University of Tornoto, Markham, Canada 4Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China Abstract Altered genes that play a driving role in cancer development can often serve as specific diagnostic markers, criteria of molecular classification and therefore potential therapeutic targets. Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), also known as pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor or tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor, encodes a 56 amino acid secreted peptide, and its normal function is thought to be the inhibition of serine proteases such as trypsin. Recent studies have indicated marked overexpression of SPINK1 defines an aggressive molecular subtype of ETS (erythroblastosis virus E26 transformation-specific) fusion-negative prostate cancer ((PCa) patients. SPINK1 may act as an autocrine growth factor and promotes PCa growth and invasion. Most recently, we suggested that SPINK1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through EGFR signaling pathway in PCa. The association between SPINK1 overexpression and poor prognosis in PCa has been reported. Notably, SPINK1 might be a novel extracellular therapeutic target in a subset of high-grade PCa patients. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of SPINK1 involving its role in PCa biology, association with prognosis as well as perspective in therapy from the pathologist's point of view. -
Association of SPINK1 Expression and TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion with Prognosis in Endocrine-Treated Prostate Cancer
Published OnlineFirst May 4, 2010; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2505 Clinical Imaging, Diagnosis, Prognosis Cancer Research Association of SPINK1 Expression and TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion with Prognosis in Endocrine-Treated Prostate Cancer Katri A. Leinonen1, Teemu T. Tolonen1,3, Hazel Bracken1, Ulf-Håkan Stenman4, Teuvo L.J. Tammela2, Outi R. Saramäki1, and Tapio Visakorpi1 Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine whether TMPRSS2:ERG fusion or SPINK1 protein expres- sion is associated with hormone responsiveness of prostate cancer and can thus be used as a biomarker. Experimental Design: Diagnostic needle biopsies from prostate cancer patients primarily treated by endocrine therapy were evaluated for TMPRSS2:ERG fusion with fluorescence in situ hybridization and SPINK1 protein expression with immunohistochemistry. Results: The frequency of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in 178 biopsies of hormonally treated patients was 34%. Of the fusion-positive cases, 71% showed deletion between the two genes, and 23% showed gain of the fusion. The fusion was associated with high Ki-67 staining (P = 0.001), age at diagnosis (P = 0.024), and tumor area (P = 0.006), but not with Gleason score, T stage, M stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), or progression-free survival. Strong positive SPINK1 expression was found in 11% (21 of 186) of the biopsies. SPINK1-positive cases had significantly shorter progression-free survival compared with SPINK1-negative cases (P = 0.001). The expression was not associated with any other clinicopathologic variables studied. In a multivariate analysis, SPINK1 expression showed independent prognostic value, with a relative risk of 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.6).