DOCSLIB.ORG

Psidium Guajava (Guava): a Plant of Multipurpose Medicinal Applications Sandra M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Psidium Guajava (Guava): a Plant of Multipurpose Medicinal Applications Sandra M Arom & at al ic in P l ic a n d t Barbalho et al., Med Aromat Plants 2012, 1:4 e s M Medicinal & Aromatic Plants DOI: 10.4172/2167-0412.1000104 ISSN: 2167-0412 ResearchReview Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Psidium Guajava (Guava): A Plant of Multipurpose Medicinal Applications Sandra M. Barbalho1,2*, Flávia M. V. Farinazzi-Machado2, Ricardo de Alvares Goulart3, Anna Cláudia Saad Brunnati2, Alda Maria Machado Bueno Ottoboni4 and Cláudia Cristina Teixeira Nicolau4 1Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Av. Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 15525-902, SP, Brazil. 2Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília, Av. Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17506-000, SP, Brazil. 3School of Medicine - FAMEMA, Av. Monte Carmelo, 800 – Marília, SP CEP 17519-030, SP, Brazil. 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC), Av. Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17506-000, SP, Brazil. Abstract Chronic degenerative diseases have reached epidemic proportions in industrialized and developing countries. Many studies have shown that plant can be helpful to prevent or treat diseases. Psidium guajava is a small medicinal tree that is native to South America and Brazil is among the world’s top producers and most of the country’s production is destined for the food industry. It is popularly known as guava and has been used traditionally as a medicinal plant throughout the world for a number of ailments. The aim of this review is to present some chemical compounds in P. guajava and their pharmacological effects. The main constituents of guava leaves are phenolic compounds, isoflavonoids, gallic acid, catechin, epicathechin, rutin, naringenin, kaempferol. The pulp is rich in ascorbic acid, carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin). The seeds, skin and barks possess glycosids, carotenoids and phenolic compounds. All parts of the plant have been used for different purposes: hepatoprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti- spasmodic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-hyperglycemic, analgesic, endothelial progenitor cells, anti-stomachache and anti-diarrhea. P. guajava has many effects on health and that it should be researched more extensively in clinical trials. Furthermore leaves, seeds and peel are treated as wastes by the food processing industry and are discarded, so their use may reduce the disposal of these parts of guava as pollutants. Keywords: Psidium guajava; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Can- The high cost of pharmaceutical medications conduces to the cer; Diabetes; Dyslipidemia search for alternative medicines to treat many ailments. In view of this, studies are necessary to confirm the effects of medicinal plants. The Introduction aim of this review is to show that several studies have demonstrated the Industrialization has led to many modifications in the lifestyle of presence of many different chemical compounds inP. guajava and their the world’s populations, giving rise to increase the indices of several pharmacological effects. diseases, including chronic degenerative diseases such as insulin Medical Properties and Composition of Guava Pulp resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases, reducing the quality of life and increasing costs on The main constituents of guava are vitamins, tanins, phenolic hospitalizations, medications and other public health interventions [1,2]. compounds, flavonoids, essential oils, sesquiterpene alcohols and triterpenoid acids. These and other compounds are related to many Studies have demonstrated that the consumption of fruits, health effects of guava [10]. vegetables and seeds can be helpful to prevent the risk factors of many diseases due to the bioactive compounds. Many plants have been used Some authors have found high concentrations of carotenoids for the purpose of reducing risk factors associated with the occurrence (beta-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin), vitamin C and of chronic disorders and for many other purposes [3-8]. polyphenols in guava pulp [18-20]. Lycopene has been correlated with Psidium guajava L. is a small medicinal tree that is native to South the prevention of cardiovascular damage because of its positive effects America. It is popularly known as guava (family Myrtaceae) and has on dyslipidemia [21,22]. Ascorbic acid is recognized for its important been used traditionally as a medicinal plant throughout the world for antioxidant effects [23-25]. a number of ailments. There are two most common varieties of guava: Shu et al. [26] isolated nine triterpenoids from guava fruit: ursolic the red (P. guajava var. pomifera) and the white (P. guajava var. pyrifera) acid; 1beta, 3beta-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid; 2alpha,3beta-dihy- [9,10]. droxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid; 3beta,19alpha-dihydroxyurs-12en-28-oic All parts of this tree, including fruits, leaves, bark, and roots, have acid; 19a-hydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyrano- been used for treating stomachache and diarrhea in many countries. Leaves, pulp and seeds are used to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders, and as an antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, as a cough *Corresponding author: Dr Sandra Maria Barbalho, Av. Sampio Vidal, 300 Bairro Barbosa, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil, Tel: 0055 14 9655-3190 or 0055 14 34133487; sedative, anti-diarrheic, in the management of hypertension, obesity E-mail: [email protected] and in the control of diabetes mellitus. It also possesses anticancer properties [11]. The seeds are used as antimicrobial, gastrointestinal, Received April 20, 2012; Accepted May 15, 2012; Published May 28, 2012 anti-allergic and anticarcinogenic activity [12-15]. Citation: SM Barbalho, Farinazzi-Machado FMV, de Alvares Goulart R, Brun- nati ACS, Otoboni AM, et al (2012) Psidium Guajava (Guava): A Plant of Mul- Brazil is among the world’s top producers of guava and most of tipurpose Medicinal Applications. Med Aromat Plants 1:104. doi:10.4172/2167- 0412.1000104 the country’s production is destined for the food industry to produce candies, juices, jams and frozen pulp. As result of the fruit process there Copyright: © 2012 SM Barbalho, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits is a discard of the leaves, seeds, part of the peel and pulp fraction not unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the separated in the physical depulping process [9,10,16,17]. original author and source are credited. Med Aromat Plants ISSN: 2167-0412 MAP an open access journal Volume 1 • Issue 4 • 1000104 Citation: SM Barbalho, Farinazzi-Machado FMV, de Alvares Goulart R, Brunnati ACS, Otoboni AM, et al (2012) Psidium Guajava (Guava): A Plant of Multipurpose Medicinal Applications. Med Aromat Plants 1:104. doi:10.4172/2167-0412.1000104 Page 2 of 6 side; 3beta, 23-dihydroxy urs-12-en-28-oic acid; 3beta, 19alpha, 23be- droxybenzophenone 4-O-(6’’-O-galloyl)-beta-D: -glucopyranoside (1, ta-tri-hydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid; 2alpha, 3beta,19alpha, 23beta- guavinoside A); 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzophenone 4-O-(6’’- tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid and 3alpha,19alpha,23,24-tetrahy- O-galloyl)-beta-D: -glucopyranoside (2, guavinoside B), and quercetin droxyurs -12-en-28-oic acid. Ursolic acid and other triterpenoids are 3-O-(5’’-O-galloyl)-alpha-L: -arabinofuranoside (3, guavinoside C). associated with anti-cancer properties [27]. Kim et al. [52] related that the guava leaves contain ascorbic acid, Shu et al. [28] found three benzophenone glycosides in ripe edible citric acid, acetic acid, epicatechin, xanthine, protocatechuic acid, fruits of P. guajava L: 2, 6-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethyl-4-O-beta-D- glutamic acid, asparagine, malonic acid, trans-aconitic acid, maleic acid glucopyranosyl-benzophenone; 2, 6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-O-(6’’-O- and cis-aconitic acid. galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-benzophenone and 2, 6-dihydroxy-3, Ghosh et al. [53] isolated two terpenoids from the leaf extract of 5-dimethyl-4-O-(6’’-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)- P. guajava (betulinic acid and lupeol) and reported their potential benzophenone. Benzophenone glycosides have inhibitory effect on antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities. Betulinic acid and lupeol can triglycerides accumulation [29]. be used in the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular desease, obesity Thuaytong and Anprung [30] found antioxidant activity in guava and atherosclerosis [54]. and the major constituents identified in white and red guavas were Shao et al. [55] isolated two terpenoids from guava leaves: ascorbic acid, gallic acid, catechin equivalents, cinnamyl alcohol, ethyl Psiguadials A and B, two novel sesquiterpenoid-diphenylmethane benzoate, ß-caryophyllene, (E)-3-hexenyl acetate and α-bisabolene. meroterpenoids with unusual skeletons, along with a pair of known The antioxidant properties of the guava pulp can be related to anti- epimers, psidial A and guajadial. cancer effects [15]. Shu et al. [56] identified one diphenylmethane, one benzophenone, Studies with humans have found that the consumption of guava for and eight flavonoids from guava fresh leaves(2,6-dihydroxy-3- a period of 12 weeks reduced blood pressure by 8%, total cholesterol formaldehyde-5-methyl-4-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)- levels by 9%, triacylglycerides by almost 8%, and induced an 8% diphenylmethane; 2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-4-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β- increase in the levels of HDL-c [31,32].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Review on Medicinal Properties of Psidium Guajava
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2018; 6(4): 44-47 ISSN (E): 2320-3862 ISSN (P): 2394-0530 A review on medicinal properties of Psidium NAAS Rating: 3.53 JMPS 2018; 6(4): 44-47 guajava © 2018 JMPS Received: 10-05-2018 Accepted: 11-06-2018 Arjun Kafle, Sushree Sangita Mohapatra, Indrapal Reddy and Manju Arjun Kafle Chapagain Veterinray Officer, Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy Pharma Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, Abstract India Nature has endowed Guava with many nutritional and medicinal properties. The fruits are 4-12 cm long with round or oval shape depending on the species (red, strawberry, and off-white). The tree, which Sushree Sangita Mohapatra belongs to the family, Myrtaceae is chiefly grown in countries with tropical and subtropical climate. The Teaching Assistant, Department pink variety of guava (when dissected) has the maximum medicinal values. Fruits as well as leaves has of Veterinary Pharmacology and many health benefits viz, antidiarrhoeal, antihypertensive, antilipedemic, anticancer etc. Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andra Keywords: Medicinal properties of Psidium guajava Pradesh, India Indrapal Reddy 1. Introduction Phd, Jawaharlal Nehru Nature has blessed Guava or Psidium guajava with many essential nutrients. Historically, Technological University, Guava is said to be cultivated in South Africa for commercial purpose and has been brought to Hyderabad, Telangana, India country India by the Portuguese. As a fruit, Guava is very common in Asian countries but Manju Chapagain occupies a greater space in western countries mainly because of its medicinal properties. It is a Lecturer, Asian Institute of small tree belonging to family Myrtaceae [2]. The tree can be cultivated in any soil provided Nursing Education, Guwahati, the climate is tropical or subtropical.
    [Show full text]
  • Ctz78-02 (02) Lee Et Al.Indd 51 14 08 2009 13:12 52 Lee Et Al
    Contributions to Zoology, 78 (2) 51-64 (2009) Variation in the nocturnal foraging distribution of and resource use by endangered Ryukyu flying foxes(Pteropus dasymallus) on Iriomotejima Island, Japan Ya-Fu Lee1, 4, Tokushiro Takaso2, 5, Tzen-Yuh Chiang1, 6, Yen-Min Kuo1, 7, Nozomi Nakanishi2, 8, Hsy-Yu Tzeng3, 9, Keiko Yasuda2 1 Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan 2 The Iriomote Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 671 Iriomote, Takatomi-cho, Okinawa 907- 1542, Japan 3 Hengchun Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Pingtung 946, Taiwan 4 E-mail: [email protected] 5 E-mail: [email protected] 6 E-mail: [email protected] 7 E-mail: [email protected] 8 E-mail: [email protected] 9 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: abundance, bats, Chiroptera, diet, figs, frugivores, habitat Abstract Contents The nocturnal distribution and resource use by Ryukyu flying foxes Introduction ........................................................................................ 51 was studied along 28 transects, covering five types of habitats, on Material and methods ........................................................................ 53 Iriomote Island, Japan, from early June to late September, 2005. Study sites ..................................................................................... 53 Bats were mostly encountered solitarily (66.8%) or in pairs (16.8%), Bat and habitat census ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Psidium" Redirects Here
    Guava 1 Guava This article is about the fruit. For other uses, see Guava (disambiguation). "Psidium" redirects here. For the thoroughbred racehorse, see Psidium (horse). Guava Apple Guava (Psidium guajava) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Rosids Order: Myrtales Family: Myrtaceae Subfamily: Myrtoideae Tribe: Myrteae Genus: Psidium L. Species About 100, see text Synonyms • Calyptropsidium O.Berg • Corynemyrtus (Kiaersk.) Mattos • Cuiavus Trew • Episyzygium Suess. & A.Ludw. • Guajava Mill. • Guayaba Noronha • Mitropsidium Burret Guavas (singular guava, /ˈɡwɑː.və/) are plants in the Myrtle family (Myrtaceae) genus Psidium, which contains about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small trees. They are native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. Guavas are now cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics and subtropics in Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, subtropical regions of North America, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia and Spain. Guava 2 Types The most frequently eaten species, and the one often simply referred to as "the guava", is the Apple Guava (Psidium guajava).Wikipedia:Citation needed. Guavas are typical Myrtoideae, with tough dark leaves that are opposite, simple, elliptic to ovate and 5–15 centimetres (2.0–5.9 in) long. The flowers are white, with five petals and numerous stamens. The genera Accara and Feijoa (= Acca, Pineapple Guava) were formerly included in Psidium.Wikipedia:Citation needed Apple Guava (Psidium guajava) flower Common names The term "guava" appears to derive from Arawak guayabo "guava tree", via the Spanish guayaba. It has been adapted in many European and Asian languages, having a similar form. Another term for guavas is pera, derived from pear.
    [Show full text]
  • A Família Myrtaceae Na Reserva Particular Do Patrimônio Natural Da Serra Do Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brasil*
    Lundiana 7(1):3-32, 2006 © 2005 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG ISSN 1676-6180 A Família Myrtaceae na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Serra do Caraça, Catas Altas, Minas Gerais, Brasil* Patrícia Oliveira Morais1 & Julio Antonio Lombardi2 1 Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, UNESP - campus de Rio Claro, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil. Abstract The family Myrtaceae in the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Serra do Caraça, Catas Al- tas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a floristic survey of Myrtaceae in the Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais. Fifty two species were found belonging to 12 genera - Myrcia with 17 species, Eugenia with nine, Campomanesia and Myrciaria with five species each, Psidium with four, Siphoneugena with three, Blepharocalyx, Calyptranthes, Marlierea and Myrceugenia with two species each, and Accara and Plinia with one species each. Descriptions of the genera and species, identification keys, geographical distributions, illustrations and comments are provided. Keywords: Taxonomy, Myrtaceae, Serra do Caraça, Minas Gerais. Introdução citada em trabalhos de florística e fitossociologia em formações florestais, estando entre as mais importantes em riqueza de O Maciço do Caraça está inserido em três regiões do estado espécies e gêneros (Lima & Guedes-Bruni, 1997). de Minas Gerais, importantes do ponto de vista biológico e As Myrtaceae compreendem ca. 1000 espécies no Brasil econômico: a Área de Proteção Ambiental ao Sul da Região (Landrum & Kawasaki, 1997) e constituem uma tribo – Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (APA Sul - RMBH) cuja área Myrteae – dividida em três subtribos, distintas pela coincide grandemente com a região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees and Plants for Bees and Beekeepers in the Upper Mara Basin
    Trees and plants for bees and beekeepers in the Upper Mara Basin Guide to useful melliferous trees and crops for beekeepers December 2017 Contents Who is this guide for? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the MaMaSe Project .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Market driven forest conservation initiatives in the Upper Mara basin ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Water, apiculture, forests, trees and livelihoods ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Types of bees ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 How this
    [Show full text]
  • Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities
    foods Review Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities Manoj Kumar 1 , Maharishi Tomar 2, Ryszard Amarowicz 3,* , Vivek Saurabh 4 , M. Sneha Nair 5, Chirag Maheshwari 6, Minnu Sasi 7, Uma Prajapati 4, Muzaffar Hasan 8, Surinder Singh 9, Sushil Changan 10 , Rakesh Kumar Prajapat 11, Mukesh K. Berwal 12 and Varsha Satankar 13 1 Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; [email protected] 2 ICAR—Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, India; [email protected] 3 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland 4 Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (U.P.) 5 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121004, Haryana, India; [email protected] 6 Department of Agriculture Energy and Power, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462038, India; [email protected] 7 Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; [email protected] 8 Agro Produce Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Citation: Kumar, M.; Tomar, M.; Bhopal 462038, India; [email protected] 9 Amarowicz, R.; Saurabh, V.; Nair, Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; [email protected] M.S.; Maheshwari, C.; Sasi, M.; 10 Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR—Central Potato Research Prajapati, U.; Hasan, M.; Singh, S.; Institute, Shimla 171001, India; [email protected] et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Psidium Cattleianum Fruits a Review on Its Composition and Bioactivity
    Food Chemistry 258 (2018) 95–103 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Review Psidium cattleianum fruits: A review on its composition and bioactivity T ⁎ Elisa dos Santos Pereiraa,b, Juliana Vinholesa, , Rodrigo C. Franzona, Gabriel Dalmazob, ⁎ Márcia Vizzottoa, , Leonardo Norab a Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR 392, KM 78, C. P. 403, CEP 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil b Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Avenida Eliseu Maciel, S/N, CEP 96160–000 CapãodoLeão, RS, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Psidium cattleianum Sabine, commonly known as araçá, is a Brazilian native fruit, which is very juicy, with sweet Araçá to sub acid pulp and a spicy touch. The fruit can be eaten fresh or processed into juice, jellies and ice creams. Chemical composition Araçás are source of vitamin C, minerals, fatty acids, polysaccharides, volatile compounds, carotenoids and Antioxidant phenolic compounds, which can provide nutrients and phytochemical agents with different biological functions. Antidiabetic Different pharmacological studies demonstrate that P. cattleianum exerts antioxidant, antidiabetic, antic- Anticancer arcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiaging effects. Thus, this article aims to review the che- Antimicrobial ff Anti-inflammatory mical composition and biological e ects reported for araçá fruit in the last years. Anti-aging 1. Introduction araçá-de-coroa or araçá-do-campo and in other countries are known as Cattley guava, Chinese guava, purple guava, yellow strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine (Myrtaceae) is a Brazilian native species red strawberry guava, guayaba, cherry guava and lemon guava that can be found from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul states, and also in (Bezerra, Lederman, Silva Junior, & Proença, 2010; Lisbôa, Kinupp, & the neighbor country Uruguay.
    [Show full text]
  • 237158245015.Pdf
    Revista Caatinga ISSN: 0100-316X ISSN: 1983-2125 Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Freitas, Morgana Andrade; Lucena, Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de; Bonilla, Oriel Herrera; Silva, Andrieli Lima da; Sampaio, Valéria da Silva SEED, SEEDLING AND FRUIT MORPHOLOGY AND SEED GERMINATION OF Psidium sobralianum PLANTS OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL1 Revista Caatinga, vol. 31, no. 4, October-December, 2018, pp. 926-934 Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido DOI: 10.1590/1983-21252018v31n415rc Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=237158245015 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido ISSN 0100-316X (impresso) Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação ISSN 1983-2125 (online) https://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/index.php/caatinga http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n415rc SEED, SEEDLING AND FRUIT MORPHOLOGY AND SEED GERMINATION OF Psidium sobralianum PLANTS OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL1 MORGANA ANDRADE FREITAS2*, ELISEU MARLÔNIO PEREIRA DE LUCENA3, ORIEL HERRERA BONILLA3, ANDRIELI LIMA DA SILVA3, VALÉRIA DA SILVA SAMPAIO4 ABSTRACT - The Northeast region of Brazil has the second highest number of species of the Myrtaceae family. It is mostly covered by the Caatinga biome, which is very degraded, making it difficult to preserve species of this family. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the seed, seedling, and fruit morphology, and seed germination of Psidium sobralianum Landrum & Proença plants of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Genera in Myrtaceae Family
    Genera in Myrtaceae Family Genera in Myrtaceae Ref: http://data.kew.org/vpfg1992/vascplnt.html R. K. Brummitt 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew REF: Australian – APC http://www.anbg.gov.au/chah/apc/index.html & APNI http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni Some of these genera are not native but naturalised Tasmanian taxa can be found at the Census: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1273 Future reference: http://tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania [Myrtaceae is being edited at mo] Acca O.Berg Euryomyrtus Schaur Osbornia F.Muell. Accara Landrum Feijoa O.Berg Paragonis J.R.Wheeler & N.G.Marchant Acmena DC. [= Syzigium] Gomidesia O.Berg Paramyrciaria Kausel Acmenosperma Kausel [= Syzigium] Gossia N.Snow & Guymer Pericalymma (Endl.) Endl. Actinodium Schauer Heteropyxis Harv. Petraeomyrtus Craven Agonis (DC.) Sweet Hexachlamys O.Berg Phymatocarpus F.Muell. Allosyncarpia S.T.Blake Homalocalyx F.Muell. Pileanthus Labill. Amomyrtella Kausel Homalospermum Schauer Pilidiostigma Burret Amomyrtus (Burret) D.Legrand & Kausel [=Leptospermum] Piliocalyx Brongn. & Gris Angasomyrtus Trudgen & Keighery Homoranthus A.Cunn. ex Schauer Pimenta Lindl. Angophora Cav. Hottea Urb. Pleurocalyptus Brongn. & Gris Archirhodomyrtus (Nied.) Burret Hypocalymma (Endl.) Endl. Plinia L. Arillastrum Pancher ex Baill. Kania Schltr. Pseudanamomis Kausel Astartea DC. Kardomia Peter G. Wilson Psidium L. [naturalised] Asteromyrtus Schauer Kjellbergiodendron Burret Psiloxylon Thouars ex Tul. Austromyrtus (Nied.) Burret Kunzea Rchb. Purpureostemon Gugerli Babingtonia Lindl. Lamarchea Gaudich. Regelia Schauer Backhousia Hook. & Harv. Legrandia Kausel Rhodamnia Jack Baeckea L. Lenwebia N.Snow & ZGuymer Rhodomyrtus (DC.) Rchb. Balaustion Hook. Leptospermum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Rinzia Schauer Barongia Peter G.Wilson & B.Hyland Lindsayomyrtus B.Hyland & Steenis Ristantia Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Carriers and Fruit Development of Psidium Guajava L. (Myrtaceae) in the Neotropical Region
    COMUNICACIONES Rev. Biol. Trop. 36 (2B): 551-553, 1988. Pollen carriers and fruit development of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) in the Neotropical region Ingemar Hedstrom Department of Zoology, Section of Entomology, Uppsala University, Boz 561, 8-751 22Uppasala,Sweden. Present address: Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, San José, Costa Rica. (Rec. 5-1-1988. Acep. 8-11-1988) Resumen: Se hicieron observaciones sobre las especies de insectos que visitan las flores de la guayaba, PBidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), en San Felipe (Departamento de Retalhuleu) y Lago Amatitlán (Departamento de Guatemala), Guatemala; en Sabanilla de Montes de Oca (Provincia de San José), en Guácimo, en Las Brisas de Pacuarito (Provincia de limón) y en TuIrÚcares (provincia de Alajuela), Costa Rica; en Santa Rosa de Quíjos (Provincia de Napo), Río Verde, Baños (Provincia de Tungurahua), Ecuador y San José de Ocoa (Provincia de Peravia), República Dominicana. Los vectores de polen más abundantes en Costa Rica fueron: Apis mellifera L. Bombu, mexicanus Cresson, Trigona cupira Srnith, T. amalthea (Olivier), T. silvestriana Vachal, T. dorsalis Srnith y Lasioglossum sp.; en el Ecuador: A. mellifera y una especie de Xylocopa; en Gua­ temala: A. mellifera, B. mexicanus y T. cupira y en República DominicanaA. mellifera. El polen es transpor­ tado por los insectos adherido al tórax, abdomen y la parte ventral de las alas, y entra en contacto con el stigma cuando el insecto camina sobre la flor. Las flores cubiertascon bolsas producían frutos, 10 que indica la capacidad de autogamia. Además, se informa sobre las épocas de floración, cosechay el tamaño de las fru­ tas de P.
    [Show full text]
  • Gall Former As a Biological Control for Strawberry Guava -Psidium
    Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 667 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 667-671 (2000) Gall Former as a Biological Control for Strawberry Guava - Psidium cattleianum CHARLES WIKLER DECIE - UNICENTRO - Universidade do Centro-Oeste, PR 153 - KM 7 - Bairro Riozinho - C. Postal 21, 84500-000 - Irati - PR - Brazil Abstract A seed gall of Psidium cattleianum that destroys the embryos and cements the seeds together is described and its potential as a biological control agent evaluated. All seeds in infested fruit fail to germinate. It would be useful, therefore, in areas where management wishes to decrease the seed bank only. The causative agent is a species of Sycophila (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Preliminary host range testing indicates that it attacks the fruit of this species only. There is only one known parasitoid, a species of Torymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). Transportation to other parts of the world is simple. The main difficulty will be timing the production of flower buds at the correct stage of development. Introduction Technological progress in transportation and expansion of European interests over the last two centuries have dramatically increased global interactions in all regions of the world. Those interactions have encouraged trade, tourism, and the exploitation of new crops and ornamental plants. The increasing speed of transportation has resulted in suc- cessful transport of perishable materials previously impossible due to spoilage. This capa- bility has resulted in the introduction of many species that now threaten the indigenous biodiversity of many areas of the world as well as causing enormous economic losses.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation
    CHA P T E R 1 3 The Ecology and Conservation of Malagasy Bats Paul A. Racey, Steven M. Goodman, and Richard K. B. Jenkins Introduction Despite the important contribution that bats make to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem function, as well as the threatened status of many species, conserva­ tion initiatives for Madagascar’s endemic mammals have rarely included bats. Until recently, most mammalogical research in Madagascar concerned lemurs, rodents, and tenrecs. This focus resulted in a dearth of information on bat bi­ ology. However, since the mid­1990s considerable advancement has been made following the establishment of capacity­building programs for Malagasy bat biologists, and bats are now included in biodiversity surveys and a growing number of field studies are in progress. In this chapter we summarize the advances made in recent years in un­ derstanding the diversity of Malagasy bats and briefly describe their biogeo­ graphic affinities and levels of endemism. We draw attention to the importance of understanding the ecology of these animals and why this is a prerequisite to their conservation. In discussing monitoring and hunting, we highlight some of the reasons that make bat conservation notably different from other vertebrate conservation challenges on the island. The Diversity of Malagasy Bats The recent surge of interest in Malagasy bats has resulted in the discovery and description of nine new taxa on the island. The rate of new discoveries quickly makes statements on endemism and species richness out of date. For example, of the 37 bat taxa listed for Madagascar in table 13.1, only 29 were treated in the 2005 Global Mammal Assessment in Antananarivo.
    [Show full text]