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ICM 2002 in Beijing ICM 2002 in Beijing ICM 2002 in Beijing by Allyn Jackson The 2002 International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM), held in Beijing, China, August 20–29, 2002, was full of firsts. It was the first time an ICM was held in a developing country. It was the first time the top governmental official of the host country came to the ICM opening ceremonies. And for many of the mathematicians attending the congress, it was their first trip to China; even for those who had been to China before, the tremendous changes the country has gone through in recent years made it seem like a new place. The warmth and enthusiasm of the Chinese organizers reflected not only the country’s long-standing reverence for learning and knowledge but also its recognition that strengthening China’s scientific research capacity is critical to the country’s future development. “This was a very special and indeed unique ICM”, said Jacob Palis, president of the International Mathematical Union. With 4,260 registered participants, this was the Convention Center, located in the northern part of largest ICM ever held. A total of forty-six satel- the city near the sports complex built for the Asian lite conferences – also a record number – drew about Games that were held in Beijing in 1990. 4,000 participants, half of whom also attended the Throughout the congress there were clear signs of the congress. The satellite conferences were held all over significance China attached to the ICM. One example Asia, including in Shanghai, Tianjin, Hanoi, Ky- was the opening ceremonies, held in the Great Hall of oto, Lhasa, Macau, and Taipei; one was even held the People in Tiananmen Square; were Washington, in Moscow. About half the ICM participants were DC, the host city, this would be equivalent to hold- from developing countries, including about 1,700 Chi- ing the opening ceremonies in the Capitol building. nese mathematicians. Around US$ 126,000 collected A convoy of about one hundred buses ferried partici- through donations by AMS members went toward pants and accompanying guests from the convention travel grants that allowed about eighty young math- center to the Great Hall. Hundreds of police officers ematicians from developing countries to attend the stationed on streets and highways, sometimes in loca- ICM. tions that put their personal safety at risk, held back The congress was held at the Beijing International the city’s teeming traffic to let the convoy through DMV-Mitteilungen 1/2003 23 Allyn Jackson on the approximately 30-minute drive to the Great ton. At that moment, triumphal music played on the Hall. public address system as a crowd of photographers and camera operators surrounded the Fields Medal- Security in the Great Hall was tight, and all visi- ists and the president, making it impossible for the tors had to pass through metal detectors; items like audience to see. The Nevanlinna Prize was treated as pocket knives were discovered and confiscated, to be a lesser honor; it was presented to Madhu Sudan of returned at the end of the ceremonies. Participants the Massachusetts Institute of Technology not by the were given assigned seats in the auditorium, which Chinese president, but by IMU secretary Phillip Grif- can hold 10,000 people. In the balcony the crowd fiths without any accompanying music and without was filled out by a horde of Chinese school kids in T- such a large phalanx of photographers. shirts bearing the words “I want to be a mathemati- cian”. On the stage in the auditorium were various In his speech at the opening ceremonies, Palis pointed IMU dignitaries, a number of Fields Medalists, Nobel out the significance of holding the ICM in a country laureate John Nash, and members of the local orga- that is home to one-quarter of all humanity. “This nizing committees, as well as the congress president, makes the ICM more inclusive, and inclusiveness is Wenjun Wu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and a basic principle of the IMU”, he said. Others spoke honorary president, Shiing Shen Chern of the Nankai of the need to improve the level of mathematics re- Institute of Mathematics. The crowd erupted in ap- search in China as the country modernizes. In a plause when Jiang Zemin, president of China, came speech on behalf of the Chinese government, vice onto the stage and took his seat between Chern and premier Lanqing Li stated the government’s aim to Palis. make the country into a world-class mathematical power in the early twenty-first century. Other speak- Jiang was originally trained as an electrical engineer ers included the president of the China Association and is said to have a keen appreciation of mathemat- of Science and Technology and the mayor of Beijing. ics. Unlike what one might expect from a politician, After a break, brief talks on the work of the Fields he did not rush in to give a speech and rush out Medalists and the Nevanlinna Prize winner were pre- again. Rather, he sat and listened for ninety min- sented: G´erard Laumon (Universit´e de Paris-Sud) utes. He stirred from his seat only to present the spoke about the work of Lafforgue, Christoph Soul´e Fields Medals to Laurent Lafforgue of the Institut des (Institut des Hautes Etudes´ Scientifiques) about the Hautes Etudes´ Scientifiques and Vladimir Voevod- work of Voevodsky, and Shafi Goldwasser (Weizmann sky of the Institute for Advanced Study in Prince- Institute of Science) about the work of Sudan. A At the opening ceremonies of ICM 2002, Shiing applied, and even the possibility of the emergence of Shen Chern presented the following speech: a new Gauss. China has a long way to go in modern mathemat- It is my great pleasure to welcome you to this gath- ics. In recent contests of the international mathemat- ering. We are in an ancient country that is very dif- ical Olympiad, China has consistently done very well. ferent from Western Europe, where modern mathe- Thus China has begun matics started. In 2000 we had a mathematics year, from the roots and China an effort to attract more people to math. We now has the advantage of“num- have a vast field and a large number of professional ber” (of people). Hopefully mathematicians whose major work is mathematics. this congress will be a crit- Mathematics used to be individual work. But now ical point in the develop- we have a public. In such a situation a prime duty ment of modern math in seems to be to make our progress available to the China. people. There is clearly considerable room for pop- The great Confucius ular expositions. I also wonder if it is possible for guided China spiritually research articles to be preceded by a historical and for over 2,000 years. The popular introduction. main doctrine is pronounced “ren”, meaning two The net phenomenon could be described as a glob- people, i.e., human relationship. Modern science has alization. It is more than geographical. In recent been highly competitive. I think an injection of the studies different fields were not only found to have human element will make our subject more healthy contacts but were merging. We might even foresee a and enjoyable. Let us wish that this congress will unification of mathematics, including both pure and open a new era in the future development of math. 24 DMV-Mitteilungen 1/2003 ICM 2002 in Beijing “reception” after the opening ceremonies turned out hear Hawking’s lecture. One thousand yuan, about to be an elaborate multicourse sit-down banquet for US$125, could be a month’s wages for this driver. 5,000 people. For the bus trip back to the convention “That kind of thing is not organized”, Tian noted, but center, the police once again stopped traffic as night rather is a spontaneous reaction on the part of ordi- fell on the city. nary people. But are people simply dazzled by the fame and celebrity of someone like Hawking? “That Awash in Publicity is not the basic reason”, Tian replied. “The basic rea- son is that people here pay a lot of respect” to those Because of the appearance of the president, the open- who have made great achievements in science. ing ceremonies were heavily covered by the Chinese media. But the media’s interest did not stop there; according to Zhiming Ma of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who served as chair of the ICM local orga- nizing committee, Chinese television and newspapers began carrying mathematics-related stories when the satellite conferences began on August 10 and contin- ued coverage throughout the congress. “They were very enthusiastic to report on the ICM”, he noted. “The main purpose [of the ICM publicity effort] was to make the public aware that mathematics is impor- tant and has many applications in society. In this we were successful.” There were several airings of televi- sion programs about Chern and about S.-T. Yau of Harvard University, who is the only Chinese Fields Medalist. Also appearing on television were the Chi- nese mathematician Gang Tian, who holds the J. Si- As Tian pointed out, the Cultural Revolution of the mons professorship at the Massachusetts Institute of 1960s and 1970s sought to destroy the Confucian tra- Technology, and John Nash. dition but did not succeed in eliminating it. The In fact, Nash’s arrival at the congress headquarters Confucian view that “study is above all else” remains hotel was a media event. Hours before, the hotel strong in China today and is the source of the coun- hadlaiddownaredcarpetstretchingfromthelobby try’s profound respect for intellectuals.
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