Reference ID: 4175326 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS *

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Reference ID: 4175326 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS * HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION —————— DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS —————— These highlights do not include all the information needed to use PREMPRO Tablets: 0.3 mg CE plus 1.5 mg MPA, 0.45 mg CE plus 1.5 mg PREMPRO/PREMPHASE safely and effectively. See full prescribing MPA, 0.625 mg CE plus 2.5 mg MPA, 0.625 mg CE plus 5 mg MPA. information for PREMPRO/PREMPHASE. PREMPHASE Tablets: 0.625 mg CE, 0.625 mg CE plus 5 mg MPA. PREMPRO® (conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets) PREMPHASE® (conjugated estrogens plus ————————— CONTRAINDICATIONS ———————— medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets) • Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding (4) Initial U.S. Approval: 1995 • Known, suspected, or history of breast cancer (4, 5.2) • Known or suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia (4, 5.2) WARNING: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, BREAST CANCER, ENDOMETRIAL CANCER and PROBABLE DEMENTIA • Active DVT, PE, or a history of these conditions (4, 5.1) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Active arterial thromboembolic disease (for example, stroke and MI), Estrogen Plus Progestin Therapy or a history of these conditions (4, 5.1) • Estrogen plus progestin therapy should not be used for the • Known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema to prevention of cardiovascular disease or dementia (5.1, 5.3) PREMPRO/PREMPHASE (5.15, 5.16) • The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen plus progestin • Known liver dysfunction or disease (4, 5.10) substudy reported increased risks of stroke, deep vein thrombosis • Known protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency, or other (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and myocardial infarction (MI) known thrombophilic disorders (4) (5.1) • Known or suspected pregnancy (4, 8.1) • The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy reported increased risks of invasive breast cancer (5.2) ——————— WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS —————— • The WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) estrogen plus progestin • Estrogens increase the risk of gallbladder disease (5.4) ancillary study of WHI reported an increased risk of probable • Discontinue estrogen if severe hypercalcemia, loss of vision, severe dementia in postmenopausal women 65 years of age and older (5.3) hypertriglyceridemia or cholestatic jaundice occurs (5.5, 5.6, 5.9, 5.10) Estrogen-Alone Therapy • Monitor thyroid function in women on thyroid replacement therapy • There is an increased risk of endometrial cancer in a woman with a (5.11, 5.19) uterus who uses unopposed estrogens (5.2) ————————— ADVERSE REACTIONS ————————— • Estrogen-alone therapy should not be used for the prevention of In two prospective, randomized clinical studies, the most common adverse cardiovascular disease or dementia (5.1, 5.3) reactions > 5 percent are abdominal pain, asthenia, back pain, headache, • The WHI estrogen-alone substudy reported increased risks of flatulence, nausea, depression, pruritus, breast pain, dysmenorrhea, and stroke and DVT (5.1) leukorrhea. (6.1) • The WHIMS estrogen-alone ancillary study of WHI reported an increased risk of probable dementia in postmenopausal women 65 To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Pfizer Inc. years of age and older (5.3) at 1-800-438-1985 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. ------------------------ RECENT MAJOR CHANGES --------------------------­ Warnings and Precautions, Malignant Neoplasms (5.2) 11/2017 ————————— DRUG INTERACTIONS ————————— • Inducers and/or inhibitors of CYP3A4 may affect estrogen drug ———————— INDICATIONS AND USAGE ———————— metabolism (7.1) PREMPRO/PREMPHASE is an estrogen plus progestin indicated in a • Aminoglutethimide administered concomitantly with MPA may woman with a uterus for: significantly depress the bioavailability of medroxyprogesterone • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to acetate (7.1) Menopause (1.1) ——————— USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS —————— • Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to Menopause (1.2) • Nursing Mothers: Estrogen administration to nursing women has been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of breast milk (8.3) • Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (1.3) • Geriatric Use: An increased risk of probable dementia in women over ——————— DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION —————— 65 years of age was reported in the Women’s Health Initiative PREMPRO: one tablet containing conjugated estrogens (CE) plus Memory ancillary studies of the Women’s Health Initiative (5.3, 8.5) medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) taken orally once daily. (2) See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and PREMPHASE: one maroon tablet containing 0.625 mg CE taken orally on FDA-approved patient labeling days 1 through 14, and one light-blue tablet containing 0.625 mg CE plus Revised: 11/2017 5.0 mg MPA taken orally on days 15 through 28. (2) 1 Reference ID: 4175326 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS * WARNING: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, BREAST 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS CANCER, ENDOMETRIAL CANCER and PROBABLE 7.1 Metabolic Interactions DEMENTIA 8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 8.1 Pregnancy 1.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to 8.3 Nursing Mothers Menopause 8.4 Pediatric Use 1.2 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to 8.5 Geriatric Use Menopause 8.6 Renal Impairment 1.3 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 8.7 Hepatic Impairment 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 10 OVERDOSAGE 2.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms due to 11 DESCRIPTION Menopause 12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2.2 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy due to 12.1 Mechanism of Action Menopause 12.2 Pharmacodynamics 2.3 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis 12.3 Pharmacokinetics 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS 14 CLINICAL STUDIES 5.1 Cardiovascular Disorders 14.1 Effects on Vasomotor Symptoms 5.2 Malignant Neoplasms 14.2 Effects on Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy 5.3 Probable Dementia 14.3 Effects on the Endometrium 5.4 Gallbladder Disease 14.4 Effects on Uterine Bleeding or Spotting 5.5 Hypercalcemia 14.5 Effects on Bone Mineral Density 5.6 Visual Abnormalities 14.6 Women’s Health Initiative Studies 5.7 Addition of a Progestin When a Woman Has Not Had a Hysterectomy 14.7 Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study 5.8 Elevated Blood Pressure 15 REFERENCES 5.9 Hypertriglyceridemia 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 5.10 Hepatic Impairment and/or Past History of Cholestatic Jaundice 16.1 How Supplied 5.11 Hypothyroidism 16.2 Storage and Handling 5.12 Fluid Retention 17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION 5.13 Hypocalcemia 17.1 Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding 5.14 Exacerbation of Endometriosis 17.2 Possible Serious Adverse Reactions with Estrogen Plus Progestin 5.15 Anaphylactic Reaction and Angioedema Therapy 5.16 Hereditary Angioedema 17.3 Possible Less Serious but Common Adverse Reactions with Estrogen 5.17 Exacerbation of Other Conditions Plus Progestin Therapy 5.18 Laboratory Tests 5.19 Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions FDA-Approved Patient Labeling 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience 6.2 Postmarketing Experience * Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed 2 Reference ID: 4175326 FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION WARNING: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, BREAST CANCER, ENDOMETRIAL CANCER and PROBABLE DEMENTIA Estrogen Plus Progestin Therapy Cardiovascular Disorders and Probable Dementia Estrogen plus progestin therapy should not be used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or dementia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3), and Clinical Studies (14.6, 14.7)]. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen plus progestin substudy reported an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) in postmenopausal women (50 to 79 years of age) during 5.6 years of treatment with daily oral conjugated estrogen (CE) [0.625 mg] combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) [2.5 mg], relative to placebo [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Clinical Studies (14.6)]. The WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) estrogen plus progestin ancillary study of the WHI reported an increased risk of developing probable dementia in postmenopausal women 65 years of age or older during 4 years of treatment with daily CE (0.625 mg) combined with MPA (2.5 mg), relative to placebo. It is unknown whether this finding applies to younger postmenopausal women [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.5), and Clinical Studies (14.7)]. Breast Cancer The WHI estrogen plus progestin substudy also demonstrated an increased risk of invasive breast cancer [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), and Clinical Studies (14.6)]. In the absence of comparable data, these risks should be assumed to be similar for other doses of CE and MPA and other combinations and dosage forms of estrogens and progestins. Estrogens with or without progestins should be prescribed at the lowest effective doses and for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman. Estrogen-Alone Therapy Endometrial Cancer There is an increased risk of endometrial cancer in a woman with a uterus who uses unopposed estrogens. Adding a progestin to estrogen therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, which may be a precursor to endometrial cancer. Adequate diagnostic measures, including directed or random endometrial sampling when 3 Reference ID: 4175326 indicated, should be undertaken
Recommended publications
  • Breastfeeding Complications (Women) 2001.04
    05/2015 602 Breastfeeding Complications or Potential Complications (Women) Definition/Cut-off Value A breastfeeding woman with any of the following complications or potential complications for breastfeeding: Complications (or Potential Complications) Severe breast engorgement Cracked, bleeding or severely sore nipples Recurrent plugged ducts Age ≥ 40 years Mastitis (fever or flu-like symptoms with localized Failure of milk to come in by 4 days postpartum breast tenderness) Tandem nursing (breastfeeding two siblings who are Flat or inverted nipples not twins) Participant Category and Priority Level Category Priority Pregnant Women 1 Breastfeeding Women 1 Justification Severe breast engorgement Severe breast engorgement is often caused by infrequent nursing and/or ineffective removal of milk. This severe breast congestion causes the nipple-areola area to become flattened and tense, making it difficult for the baby to latch-on correctly. The result can be sore, damaged nipples and poor milk transfer during feeding attempts. This ultimately results in diminished milk supply. When the infant is unable to latch-on or nurse effectively, alternative methods of milk expression are necessary, such as using an electric breast pump. Recurrent plugged ducts A clogged duct is a temporary back-up of milk that occurs when one or more of the lobes of the breast do not drain well. This usually results from incomplete emptying of milk. Counseling on feeding frequency or method or advising against wearing an overly tight bra or clothing can assist. Mastitis Mastitis is a breast infection that causes a flu-like illness accompanied by an inflamed, painful area of the breast - putting both the health of the mother and successful breastfeeding at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Effect of Non-Pharmacological Treatments
    http:// ijp.mums.ac.ir Review Article (Pages: 11041-11047) Investigating the Effect of Non-Pharmacological Treatments on Reduction of Breast Engorgement in Breastfeeding Women: A Review Study Parisa Razmjouei1, Sara Khashkhashi Moghaddam2, Omolbanin Heydari3, Behnoush Mehdizadeh4, Malihe Pouredalati3, Mohammad Tabarestani5, Zahra Ramazanian Bafghi3, Roozbeh Nasibeh6, *Somayeh Moeindarbary71 1Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 3Students Research Committee, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 4Department of Pathology, Mashhad University Of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran. 5Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 6Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 7Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatal and Maternal Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Abstract Background: Breast engorgement is a common postpartum problem that has been identified as the third maternal factor that leads to a decrease or discontinuation of breastfeeding and breast abscess. Considering the side effects of chemical drugs during lactation, the aim of the present review study was to investigate the effect of non-pharmacological treatments on reduction
    [Show full text]
  • Unilateral Galactorrhea Associated with Low-Dose Escitalopram
    Case Report Unilateral Galactorrhea Associated with Low-dose Escitalopram P. Bangalore Ravi, K. G. Guruprasad1, Chittaranjan Andrade2 ABSTRACT Galactorrhea is a rare adverse effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. We report a 27-year-old woman who developed unilateral breast engorgement with galactorrhea 18 days after initiation of escitalopram (10 mg/day). The symptom remitted 7 days after withdrawal of escitalopram and did not subsequently recur during maintenance therapy with agomelatine (25 mg/day). Key words: Agomelatine, escitalopram, galactorrhea, prolactin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, unilateral breast engorgement INTRODUCTION about the future, low self-confidence, diminished interest in daily activities, and diminished interest in social life, Galactorrhea refers to the discharge of milk from the poor appetite, and poor sleep. These symptoms were breast, unassociated with recent childbirth or nursing. exacerbated by domestic stress and absence of social Galactorrhea occurs when serum prolactin levels are support. A diagnosis of moderate depression with raised for reasons ranging from pituitary tumors to drug somatic symptoms was made, and she was started on treatments. A number of drugs, including psychotropic escitalopram 5 mg/day along with clonazepam 0.75 mg/day. She was instructed to increase the dose of drugs, cause hyperprolactinemia, some doing so consistently escitalopram to 10 mg/day after 4 days and taper and (e.g., certain antipsychotics), and some, rarely (e.g., certain withdraw the clonazepam at the rate of 0.25 mg/week. antidepressants).[1,2] We herein report an unusual case of galactorrhea resulting from escitalopram use. After about 18 days of treatment, she developed painless engorgement of her left breast associated with CASE REPORT galactorrhea.
    [Show full text]
  • Breastfeeding Counselling a Training Course
    WHO/CDR/93.5 UNICEF/NUT/93.3 Distr.: General Original: English BREASTFEEDING COUNSELLING A TRAINING COURSE PARTICIPANTS' MANUAL PART TWO Sessions 10-19 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CDD PROGRAMME UNICEF CONTENTS Session 10 Positioning a baby at the breast Session 11 Building confidence and giving support Session 12 Building confidence exercises Session 13 Clinical Practice 2 Session 14 Breast conditions Session 15 Breast conditions exercise Session 16 Refusal to breastfeed Session 17 Taking a breastfeeding history Session 18 History practice Session 19 Breast examination Session 10 Back to CONTENTS POSITIONING A BABY AT THE BREAST Introduction Always observe a mother breastfeeding before you help her. Take time to see what she does, so that you can understand her situation clearly. Do not rush to make her do something different. Give a mother help only if she has difficulty. Some mothers and babies breastfeed satisfactorily in positions that would make difficulties for others. This is especially true with babies more than about 2 months old. There is no point trying to change a baby's position if he is getting breastmilk effectively, and his mother is comfortable. Let the mother do as much as possible herself. Be careful not to `take over' from her. Explain what you want her to do. If possible, demonstrate on your own body to show her what you mean. Make sure that she understands what you do so that she can do it herself. Your aim is to help her to position her own baby. It does not help if you can get a baby to suckle, if his mother cannot.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Common Breast-Feeding Problems Joy Melnikow, Ml), MPH, and Joan M
    Clinical Review Management of Common Breast-feeding Problems Joy Melnikow, Ml), MPH, and Joan M. Bedinghaus, MD Sacramento, California, and Cleveland, Ohio The benefits of breast-feeding have been well docu­ Poor weight gain in the infant is managed by more mented in the literature: it reduces morbidity from frequent nursing. Neonatal jaundice or infant gastro­ many illnesses and is considered the ideal nutrition for enteritis rarely requires discontinuation of breast-feed­ the newborn infant. This paper reviews common breast­ ing. feeding problems that family physicians may be called Although physicians frequently recommend that upon to manage: maternal problems, infant problems, women discontinue breast-feeding because of the ad­ and problems related to the need for maternal medica­ ministration of some maternal medications, maternal ill­ tion. ness can often be managed with medications that do not Ensuring proper position of the infant at the breast interfere with nursing. and attention to the let-down reflex is the recom­ Given proper advice and support, many mothers con­ mended method for prevention and treatment of nipple tinue to breast-feed even after returning to work. soreness. Prompt identification and treatment of blocked ducts, mastitis, and mondial infection of the Key words. Breast-feeding; hyperbilirubinemia; mastitis; nipple can prevent complications and allow uninter­ abscess, review literature. rupted nursing. ( / Fam Pract 1994; 39:56-64) Breast-feeding, which is recognized as the ideal nutrition offer little guidance
    [Show full text]
  • Pregnant Women's Knowledge Gaps About Breastfeeding in Northern
    Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017, 7, 376-385 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojog ISSN Online: 2160-8806 ISSN Print: 2160-8792 Pregnant Women’s Knowledge Gaps about Breastfeeding in Northern Portugal Alexandrina Cardoso1*, Abel Paiva e Silva1, Heimar Marín2 1Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto (Porto School of Nursing), Porto, Portugal 2Federal de São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brasil How to cite this paper: Cardoso, A., e Abstract Silva, A.P. and Marín, H. (2017) Pregnant Women’s Knowledge Gaps about Breast- Introduction: To explore Portuguese pregnant women’ knowledge on breast- feeding in Northern Portugal. Open Journal feeding and to correlate knowledge scores with the socio-demographic va- of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 7, 376- 385. riables. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to assess 621 pregnant https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2017.73039 women’ knowledge on breastfeeding at three health centers in the North of Received: February 22, 2017 Portugal. The face-to-face interviewing was used to collected data using a Accepted: March 26, 2017 clinical instrument composed by 18 knowledge breastfeeding descriptors. The Published: March 29, 2017 reliability of the instrument was very good (KR-20 = 0.88). Descriptive and Copyright © 2017 by authors and inferential statistics were used to examine pregnant women’ knowledge and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. the relation with socio-demographics variables. Results: Pregnant women This work is licensed under the Creative were found to be more knowledgeable in benefits of breastfeeding. In 14 Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). knowledge descriptors more than 60% of pregnant women revealed lack of http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies for Breastfeeding Success Drew Keister, MD; Kismet T
    Strategies for Breastfeeding Success DREW KEISTER, MD; KISMET t. rOBERTS, MD; and sTEPHANIE L. wERNER, MD Offutt Air Force Base/University of Nebraska Medical Center Family Medicine Residency, Omaha, Nebraska Breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for infants and mothers. However, the United States continues to fall short of the breastfeeding goals set by the Healthy People 2010 initiative. The American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology have policy statements supporting breastfeeding that reflect recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms underlying the benefits of breastfeeding and in the clinical management of breastfeeding. Despite popular belief, there are few contraindica- tions to breastfeeding. Providing maternal support and structured antenatal and postpartum breastfeeding education are the most effective means of achieving breastfeeding success. In addition, immediate skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant and early initiation of breastfeeding are shown to improve breastfeeding outcomes. When concerns about lactation arise during newborn visits, the infant must be carefully assessed for jaundice, weight loss, and signs of failure to thrive. If a work-up is required, parents should be supported in their decision to breastfeed. Certified lactation consultants can provide valuable support and education to patients. Physicians should educate working women who breastfeed about the availability of breast pumps and the proper storage of expressed breast milk. Physicians must be aware of their patients’ lactation status when prescribing medications, as some may affect milk supply or be unsafe for breastfeeding infants. Through support and encouragement of breastfeeding, national breastfeeding goals can be met.
    [Show full text]
  • Breast Changes During and After Pregnancy
    Breast changes during and after pregnancy Breast health Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk 3 Contents Introduction 5 The breasts 6 What happens to the breasts during pregnancy? 7 Breast lumps 8 Breast discomfort 8 Bras 9 Breast changes after birth 11 Breastfeeding 12 Possible breast problems 15 Sore and cracked nipples 15 Engorgement 16 Blocked milk ducts 17 Mastitis 17 Breast abscess 18 Thrush 19 What happens if I don’t breastfeed, or want to stop? 20 Your breasts after pregnancy 22 Further support 23 4 Call our Helpline on 0808 800 6000 Visit www.breastcancercare.org.uk 5 Introduction This booklet looks at the changes that can happen to a woman’s breasts during pregnancy and after she has her baby. The hormones released during pregnancy and after birth cause lots of changes in a woman’s body. Some of these changes will be to a woman’s breasts as her body is preparing to feed her baby. This booklet covers the main breast changes women experience during pregnancy but it’s also important to continue to be breast aware at this time. Being breast aware is about becoming familiar with your breasts and how they change throughout your life. It means knowing how your breasts look and feel normally so that you feel confident about noticing any change that might be unusual for you. Sometimes this can be more difficult during pregnancy because of normal changes to the breasts at this time. If you are unsure about any change to your breasts talk to your midwife or GP (local doctor).
    [Show full text]
  • Breast Care and Sore Nipples
    Provider Information BF – Breastfeeding BF-BC BREAST CARE OUTCOME: The parent and/or family will able to identify methods to use for management of engorgement and tenderness. STANDARDS: 1. Explain the current techniques for management of engorgement and tenderness. 2. Explain some techniques for preventing and managing sore nipples (e.g., assure correct latch-on, apply cool moist tea bags). Refer to “BF-ON Latch-On". 3. Explain the techniques for treating and recognizing signs of infection (mastitis): a. Need for frequent feeding to reduce risk of breast infections. b. Need to seek medical care if flu like symptoms (e.g., fever, sores, or redness on breast is present). c. Need to continue breastfeeding despite infection. d. Reassure that the baby can continue to safely breast-feed. 4. Explain the techniques for treating and recognizing signs of infection (candida): a. Keeping the nipples dry helps prevents thrush (e.g., change breast pads often, let nipple air dry). b. Recognizing the symptoms of thrush (candida), including red painful nipples, deep breast pain, and characteristic cracking at base of nipple making feeding difficult for the baby. 5. Emphasize the need for medical treatment for both mother and baby to eliminate thrush. a. Emphasizing the need to aggressively clean all items with hot soapy water that come in contact with the mother’s nipple or the baby’s mouth such as clothing, towels/linens, pacifiers, plastic nipples, and breast pump equipment. 6. Refer to a lactation consultant or other community resources, if available. Highlights of Breast Care • Breast engorgement • What You Can Do for Breast Engorgement Relief • Cracked, dry or bleeding nipples • Thrust, Candid (yeast) Infections • Inverted, Flat, or Very Large Nipples 1 The importance of breastfeeding Exclusive breastfeeding is sufficient to support optimal growth and development for the first 6 months of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Practices of Turkish Mothers at Breast Engorgment During Postpartum Period
    International Journal of Caring Sciences September-December 2018 Volume 11 | Issue 3| Page1954 Original Article Traditional Practices of Turkish Mothers at Breast Engorgment during Postpartum Period Gulnaz Karatay PhD, RN Professor, Munzur University, School of Health Science, Tunceli, Turkey Nazan Gurarslan Ba ş, PhD Assist. Prof. Munzur University, School of Health Science, Tunceli, Turkey Ilksen Orhan Ergin, McS, RN Munzur University, School of Health Science, Tunceli, Turkey Correspondence: Gulnaz Karatay PhD, RN, Professor, Munzur University, School of Health Science, Tunceli, Turkey 62000 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Purpose: The study aims to assess the traditional practices resorted by mothers to treat breast engorgement. Methods: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 150 mothers who live in the east of Turkey and have 0-6 month old baby. Mothers were selected with the purposive sampling method. Questionnaire developed by researchers was used for data collection. Data obtained using face-to-face interview technique were analyzed in SPSS software using numbers and percentages. Results: Of the mothers, 83.6% stated that they did not receive a breast care counselling before the birth, 69.4% had c-section delivery, 60.0% had breast problems in the postpartum period, and the majority had applied traditional methods to cope with these problems. Among these methods, lansolin pomade was the most frequently used method (24.8%), followed by the excess milk removal by pump or manually (21.9%), applying her own milk on nipples (12.4%), olive oil application (11.4%), warm water application (9.5%), and almond/walnut oil application (5.7%). Discussion: The majority of the mothers has had breast engorgement problems during the postpartum period, and the majority has applied traditional practices to treat these problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Breastfeeding Guide Table of Contents
    Breastfeeding Guide Table of Contents Louisiana State Breastfeeding Laws Louisiana is one of several states that have unique laws related to breastfeeding. For instance, Louisiana prohibits any child 2 Breastfeeding Your Newborn care facility from discriminating against breastfed babies. La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 46.1409 (B)(5) prohibits any 6 Breast Changes to Expect child care facility from discriminating against breastfed babies. (HB 233) La. Rev. Stat. § 47:305.67 provides that the 8 Preparing to Breastfeed state sales and use tax shall not apply to the consumer purchase of breastfeeding items, including breast pumps and accessories, replacement parts, storage bags and accessories, 14 Breastfeeding Positions and nursing bras (2011 La. Acts, P.A. 331; SB 82) La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 51.2247.1 (2001) states that a mother may breastfeed her baby in any place of 20 Feeding Baby Enough public accommodation, resort, or amusement, and clarifies that breastfeeding is not a violation of law, including obscenity laws. (2001 HB 377) 24 Breastfeeding the First 72 Hours La. House Concurrent Resolution 35 (2002) establishes a joint study of requiring insurance coverage for outpatient lactation support for new mothers. 28 Caring for Your Nipples 2008 La. Senate Resolution 110 requests the Department of Health & Hospitals to study and/or consider a provision of providing non- 32 Collecting and Storing Breast Milk emergency transportation for new mothers to allow them to visit the hospital and bring their breast milk for their babies. 40 Dietary Needs for the Breastfeeding Mother 2011 La. Acts, P.A. 269 requires certain state buildings to provide suitable areas for breastfeeding and lactation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ibm Micromedex® Carenotes Titles by Category
    IBM MICROMEDEX® CARENOTES TITLES BY CATEGORY DECEMBER 2019 © Copyright IBM Corporation 2019 All company and product names mentioned are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners. Table of Contents IBM Micromedex® CareNotes Titles by Category Allergy and Immunology ..................................................................................................................2 Ambulatory.......................................................................................................................................3 Bioterrorism ...................................................................................................................................18 Cardiology......................................................................................................................................18 Critical Care ...................................................................................................................................20 Dental Health .................................................................................................................................22 Dermatology ..................................................................................................................................23 Dietetics .........................................................................................................................................24 Endocrinology & Metabolic Disease ..............................................................................................26
    [Show full text]