ABSTRACT PAPER Growth and Inequality in Sub-Saharan
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John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs
2018 World Happiness Report John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs Table of Contents World Happiness Report 2018 Editors: John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs Associate Editors: Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang 1 Happiness and Migration: An Overview . 3 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs 2 International Migration and World Happiness . 13 John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huang, Shun Wang and Hugh Shiplett 3 Do International Migrants Increase Their Happiness and That of Their Families by Migrating? . 45 Martijn Hendriks, Martijn J. Burger, Julie Ray and Neli Esipova 4 Rural-Urban Migration and Happiness in China . 67 John Knight and Ramani Gunatilaka 5 Happiness and International Migration in Latin America . 89 Carol Graham and Milena Nikolova 6 Happiness in Latin America Has Social Foundations . 115 Mariano Rojas 7 America’s Health Crisis and the Easterlin Paradox . 146 Jeffrey D. Sachs Annex: Migrant Acceptance Index: Do Migrants Have Better Lives in Countries That Accept Them? . 160 Neli Esipova, Julie Ray, John Fleming and Anita Pugliese The World Happiness Report was written by a group of independent experts acting in their personal capacities. Any views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization, agency or programme of the United Nations. 2 Chapter 1 3 Happiness and Migration: An Overview John F. Helliwell, Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia, and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Richard Layard, Wellbeing Programme, Centre for Economic Performance, at the London School of Economics and Political Science Jeffrey D. -
Burkina Faso: Priorities for Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity
Public Disclosure Authorized BURKINA FASO: PRIORITIES FOR POVERTY REDUCTION AND SHARED PROSPERITY Public Disclosure Authorized SYSTEMATIC COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC Final Version Public Disclosure Authorized March 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized Abbreviations and Acronyms ACE Aiding Communication in Education ARCEP Regulatory Agency BCEAO Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest CAMEG Centrale d’Achats des Medicaments Generiques CAPES Centre d’Analyses des Politiques Economiques et Sociales CDP President political party CFA Communauté Financière Africaine CMDT La Compagnie Malienne pour le Développement du Textile CPF Country Partnership Framework CPI Consumer Price Index CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment DHS Demographic and Health Surveys ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EICVM Enquête Intégrale sur les conditions de vie des ménages EMC Enquête Multisectorielle Continue EMTR Effective Marginal Tax Rate EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FDI Foreign Direct Investment FSR-B Fonds Special Routier du Burkina GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income GSMA Global System Mobile Association ICT Information-Communication Technology IDA International Development AssociationINTERNATIONAL IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund INSD Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie IRS Institutional Readiness Score ISIC International Student Identity Card ISPP Institut Supérieur Privé Polytechnique MDG Millennium Development Goals MEF Ministry of -
Multidimensional Poverty in Seychelles Christophe Muller, Asha Kannan, Roland Alcindor
Multidimensional Poverty in Seychelles Christophe Muller, Asha Kannan, Roland Alcindor To cite this version: Christophe Muller, Asha Kannan, Roland Alcindor. Multidimensional Poverty in Seychelles. 2016. halshs-01264444 HAL Id: halshs-01264444 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01264444 Preprint submitted on 29 Jan 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Working Papers / Documents de travail Multidimensional Poverty in Seychelles Christophe Muller Asha Kannan Roland Alcindor WP 2016 - Nr 01 Multidimensional Poverty in Seychelles Christophe Muller*, Asha Kannan**and Roland Alcindor** January 2016 Abstract: The typically used multidimensional poverty indicators in the literature do not appear to be relevant for middle-income countries like Seychelles and can yield unrealistic estimates of poverty. In particular, the deprivations typically considered in such measures little occurs in middle-income economies. In this paper, we propose a new approach to measuring multidimensional poverty in Seychelles based on a mix of objective and subjective information about households living conditions, and on how these households view their spending priorities. The empirical results based on our new approach show that a small but non-negligible minority of Seychellois can be considered as multidimensionally poor, mostly as not being able to satisfy their shelter and food basic needs. -
Racial Economic Inequality Amid the COVID-19 Crisis
ESSAY 2020-17 | AUGUST 2020 Racial Economic Inequality Amid the COVID-19 Crisis Bradley L. Hardy and Trevon D. Logan i The Hamilton Project • Brookings MISSION STATEMENT The Hamilton Project seeks to advance America’s promise of opportunity, prosperity, and growth. The Project’s economic strategy reflects a judgment that long-term prosperity is best achieved by fostering economic growth and broad participation in that growth, by enhancing individual economic security, and by embracing a role for effective government in making needed public investments. We believe that today’s increasingly competitive global economy requires public policy ideas commensurate with the challenges of the 21st century. Our strategy calls for combining increased public investments in key growth-enhancing areas, a secure social safety net, and fiscal discipline. In that framework, the Project puts forward innovative proposals from leading economic thinkers — based on credible evidence and experience, not ideology or doctrine — to introduce new and effective policy options into the national debate. The Project is named after Alexander Hamilton, the nation’s first treasury secretary, who laid the foundation for the modern American economy. Consistent with the guiding principles of the Project, Hamilton stood for sound fiscal policy, believed that broad-based opportunity for advancement would drive American economic growth, and recognized that “prudent aids and encouragements on the part of government” are necessary to enhance and guide market forces. ii The Hamilton Project • Brookings Racial Economic Inequality Amid the COVID-19 Crisis Bradley L. Hardy American University Trevon D. Logan The Ohio State University AUGUST 2020 This policy essay is an essay from the author(s). -
Emerging Challenges to Long-Term Peace and Security in Mozambique
The Journal of Social Encounters Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 6 2017 Emerging Challenges to Long-term Peace and Security in Mozambique Ayokunu Adedokun United Nations University (UNU-MERIT) and Maastricht University Graduate School of Governance, in the Netherlands Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/social_encounters Part of the African American Studies Commons, African Languages and Societies Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Adedokun, Ayokunu (2017) "Emerging Challenges to Long-term Peace and Security in Mozambique," The Journal of Social Encounters: Vol. 1: Iss. 1, 37-53. Available at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/social_encounters/vol1/iss1/6 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Journal of Social Encounters by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Journal of Social Encounters Emerging Challenges to Long-term Peace and Security in Mozambique Ayokunu Adedokun, Ph.D1. Maastricht University Graduate School of Governance (MGSoG) & UNU-MERIT, Netherlands. Mozambique’s transition from civil war to peace is often considered among the most successful implementations of a peace agreement in the post-Cold War era. Following the signing of the 1992 Rome General Peace Accords (GPA), the country has not experienced any large-scale recurrence of war. Instead, Mozambique has made impressive progress in economic growth, poverty reduction, improved security, regional cooperation and post-war democratisation. Mozambique has also made significant strides in the provision of primary healthcare, and steady progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. -
Bosnia-Herzegovina Economy Briefing: Report: Keeping up with the Reform Agenda in 2019 Ivica Bakota
ISSN: 2560-1601 Vol. 14, No. 2 (BH) January 2019 Bosnia-Herzegovina economy briefing: Report: Keeping up with the Reform Agenda in 2019 Ivica Bakota 1052 Budapest Petőfi Sándor utca 11. +36 1 5858 690 Kiadó: Kína-KKE Intézet Nonprofit Kft. [email protected] Szerkesztésért felelős személy: Chen Xin Kiadásért felelős személy: Huang Ping china-cee.eu 2017/01 Report: Keeping up with the Reform Agenda in 2019 The second Bosnian four-year plan? In October 2018, German and British embassies organized a meeting with Bosnian economic and political experts, main party economic policy creators, EBRD and the WB representatives away from Bosnian political muddle in Slovenian Brdo kod Kranja to evaluate the success of the Reform Agenda and discuss the possibility of extending reform period or launching the second Reform Agenda. Defining an extension or a new reform agenda which in the next four years should tackle what was not covered in the first Agenda was prioritized on the meeting and is expected to become topical in the first months of the new administration. Regardless of the designed four- year timeframe, the government is expected to continue with enforcing necessary reforms envisioned in the (current) Reform Agenda and, according the official parlance, focuses on tackling those parts that haven’t been gotten straight. To make snap digression, the Reform Agenda was a broad set of social and economic reforms proposed (but poorly supervised) by German and other European ‘partners’ in order to help Bosnia and Herzegovina to exit from transitional limbo and make ‘real’ progress on the EU integrations track. -
Causes and Results of Inequitable Distribution of Wealth, Opportunity Or Education
Causes and Results of Inequitable Distribution of Wealth, Opportunity or Education By Claire Pettinger The unequal distribution of wealth is a major problem not only nationwide but worldwide. There are several reasons as to why this is an issue, but the two major ones go hand in hand: lack of resources and the unequal distribution of capitalism. A common misconception is that the main reason for this wealth gap is because the rich are rich, as if they stole the poor’s money. This is not the case. As a product of the inequitable distribution of wealth, opportunities to advance become scarce and the overall standard of living decreases. It is impossible to pin this gap on any one thing, for there are multiple causes that result in this division. However it is safe to say that the outcome of it can be catastrophic. There are several countries that prosper while having little resources. Their key to success is international trade. For example, Japan has very little usable farmland due to its rocky terrain and resources in general, and yet they are thriving. They are able to live in prosperity because of their open, capitalist economy. This prevents their government from interfering in their trade. Other countries such as the Central African Republic (CAR) are rich with resources, but do not have a capitalist economy, so its residents aren’t even allowed the opportunity to grow and thrive as a country. “The CAR’s economic freedom score is 46.7, making its economy the 161st freest in the 2014 Index” (Central). -
Income Inequality in French West Africa: Building Social Tables for Pre- Independence Senegal and Ivory Coast
Col.lecció d’Economia E19/396 Income Inequality in French West Africa: Building Social Tables for Pre- Independence Senegal and Ivory Coast Guido Alfani Federico Tadei UB Economics Working Papers 2019/396 Income Inequality in French West Africa: Building Social Tables for Pre-Independence Senegal and Ivory Coast Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa is home today to some of the most unequal countries in the world, in Southern and Central Africa, as well as others that are close to the world average, in Western Africa. Yet, there is no consensus regarding the historical factors that led to such a situation. Given limited data on income distribution during colonial times, we do not know whether present-day inequality patterns can be traced back to the colonial period and which role was played by colonial institutions. Most of our knowledge comes from information on British colonies, while territories subjected to other colonial powers are much less well known. To address this gap, we analyze trends in income inequality for colonies in French West Africa, building social tables for Senegal and Ivory Coast during the last decades of colonial rule. We find that income inequality was high during the colonial period, because of the huge income differential between Africans and European settlers (especially in Senegal) and of high inequality within the African population (especially in the Ivory Coast). Nevertheless, it tended to reduce during colonial rule – but the trend inverted after independence. Our findings cast in a new light the connection between colonialism, extractive institutions, high inequality and inequality extraction ratios. JEL Codes: N17, O43. -
John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs
2018 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs Table of Contents World Happiness Report 2018 Editors: John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, and Jeffrey D. Sachs Associate Editors: Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang and Shun Wang 1 Happiness and Migration: An Overview . 3 John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey D. Sachs 2 International Migration and World Happiness . 13 John F. Helliwell, Haifang Huang, Shun Wang and Hugh Shiplett 3 Do International Migrants Increase Their Happiness and That of Their Families by Migrating? . 45 Martijn Hendriks, Martijn J. Burger, Julie Ray and Neli Esipova 4 Rural-Urban Migration and Happiness in China . 67 John Knight and Ramani Gunatilaka 5 Happiness and International Migration in Latin America . 89 Carol Graham and Milena Nikolova 6 Happiness in Latin America Has Social Foundations . 115 Mariano Rojas 7 America’s Health Crisis and the Easterlin Paradox . 146 Jeffrey D. Sachs Annex: Migrant Acceptance Index: Do Migrants Have Better Lives in Countries That Accept Them? . 160 Neli Esipova, Julie Ray, John Fleming and Anita Pugliese The World Happiness Report was written by a group of independent experts acting in their personal capacities. Any views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization, agency or programme of the United Nations. 2 Chapter 1 3 Happiness and Migration: An Overview John F. Helliwell, Vancouver School of Economics at the University of British Columbia, and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Richard Layard, Wellbeing Programme, Centre for Economic Performance, at the London School of Economics and Political Science Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director, SDSN, and Director, Center for Sustainable Development, Columbia University The authors are grateful to the Ernesto Illy Foundation and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research for research support, and to Gallup for data access and assistance. -
World Happiness REPORT Edited by John Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs World Happiness Report Edited by John Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs
World Happiness REPORT Edited by John Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs World Happiness reporT edited by John Helliwell, richard layard and Jeffrey sachs Table of ConTenTs 1. Introduction ParT I 2. The state of World Happiness 3. The Causes of Happiness and Misery 4. some Policy Implications references to Chapters 1-4 ParT II 5. Case study: bhutan 6. Case study: ons 7. Case study: oeCd 65409_Earth_Chapter1v2.indd 1 4/30/12 3:46 PM Part I. Chapter 1. InTrodUCTIon JEFFREY SACHS 2 Jeffrey D. Sachs: director, The earth Institute, Columbia University 65409_Earth_Chapter1v2.indd 2 4/30/12 3:46 PM World Happiness reporT We live in an age of stark contradictions. The world enjoys technologies of unimaginable sophistication; yet has at least one billion people without enough to eat each day. The world economy is propelled to soaring new heights of productivity through ongoing technological and organizational advance; yet is relentlessly destroying the natural environment in the process. Countries achieve great progress in economic development as conventionally measured; yet along the way succumb to new crises of obesity, smoking, diabetes, depression, and other ills of modern life. 1 These contradictions would not come as a shock to the greatest sages of humanity, including Aristotle and the Buddha. The sages taught humanity, time and again, that material gain alone will not fulfi ll our deepest needs. Material life must be harnessed to meet these human needs, most importantly to promote the end of suffering, social justice, and the attainment of happiness. The challenge is real for all parts of the world. -
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa povertydata.worldbank.org Poverty & Equity Brief Sub-Saharan Africa Angola April 2020 Between 2008-2009 and 2018-2019, the percent of people below the national poverty line changed from 37 percent to 41 percent (data source: IDR 2018-2019). During the same period, Angola experienced an increase in GDP per capita followed by a recession after 2014 when the price of oil declined. Based on the new benchmark survey (IDREA 2018-2019) and the new national poverty line, the incidence of poverty in Angola is at 32 percent nationally, 18 percent in urban areas and a staggering 54 percent in the less densely populated rural areas. In Luanda, less than 10 percent of the population is below the poverty line, whereas the provinces of Cunene (54 percent), Moxico (52 percent) and Kwanza Sul (50 percent) have much higher prevalence of poverty. Despite significant progress toward macroeconomic stability and adopting much needed structural reforms, estimates suggest that the economy remained in recession in 2019 for the fourth consecutive year. Negative growth was driven by the continuous negative performance of the oil sector whose production declined by 5.2 percent. This has not been favorable to poverty reduction. Poverty is estimated to have increased to 48.4 percent in 2019 compared to 47.6 percent in 2018 when using the US$ 1.9 per person per day (2011 PPP). COVID-19 will negatively affect labor and non-labor income. Slowdown in economic activity due to social distancing measures will lead to loss of earnings in the formal and informal sector, in particular among informal workers that cannot work remotely or whose activities were limited by Government. -
The Global Wealth Report 2021
June 2021 Research Institute Global wealth report 2021 Thought leadership from Credit Suisse and the world’s foremost experts Introduction Now in its twelfth year, I am proud to present to you the 2021 edition of the Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report. This report delivers a comprehensive analysis on available global household wealth, underpinned by unique insights from leading academics in the field, Anthony Shorrocks and James Davies. This year’s edition digs deeper into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the response of policymakers on global wealth and its distribution. Mindful of the important wealth differences that have built over the last year, our report also offers perspectives and, indeed, encouraging prospects, for wealth accumulation throughout the global wealth pyramid as we look to a world beyond the pandemic. I hope you find the insights of this edition of the Global Wealth Report to be of particular value in what remain unprecedented times. António Horta-Osório Chairman of the Board of Directors Credit Suisse Group AG 2 02 Editorial 05 Global wealth levels 2020 17 Global wealth distribution 2020 27 Wealth outlook for 2020–25 35 Country experiences 36 Canada and the United States 38 China and India 40 France and the United Kingdom 42 Germany, Austria and Switzerland 44 Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden 46 Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan (Chinese Taipei) 48 Australia and New Zealand 50 Nigeria and South Africa 52 Brazil, Chile and Mexico 54 Greece, Italy and Spain 56 About the authors 57 General disclaimer / important