TRANSLATION 3185 3 of 7 E, ,Oa^^M^E° Eiee^Ervee°E,Eee°°A SERIES NO.(S) Ser^Ce Ien,E^ UDC 599.74-5.2 0 V
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inCIDEa cl 0.• FISHERIES:AND MARINE SERVICE TranslatiOn:Series No. '3185 Research on marine mauunals by K.K. Chapskii, and (Editor). E.S. Mirchenko Original. title: ssledovaniya morskikh miekopitayushchikh From: Atlanticheskii:Nauchno-Issiedovaterskii Institut Rybnogo Khozyaistva'l Okeanografii (AtlattNIRO) (Transactions of the Atlantic Scientific Research. Institute of Fisheriep and_OceanographY), (39), : 1-344, 1971 Translated by the Translation Bureau( JNO,) Multilingual Services Division . Department of the Secretary of State of Canada DepartMent of the Eayirtùlment, YisherieS and Marine Service .Arctic Biological: Station Ste. Anne de Bellevue, 1974 • - 562 pages typescript iI DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES CANADA DIVISION MULTILINGUES TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - EN s S 1 a n En^lish AUTHOR - AUTEUR 5; r^os i ur:^ volume. In charge of issue - K. K. Chapskii. ^.',ditor. -. E . S. r..il Cl:enkO TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS :;esearch on I..arine ::ammals TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ETRANGERE ( TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS) ïsslec3ovc.niya -morskikh rnlekopitayushchikh REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS. REFERENCE EN LANGUE ETRANGERE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS. Atlanticheskii naucYrno-issledovrl.tel'skii institut ryno`;o lçI_^ oz,,cr ai st v^^^ i. o_s1 eano `.r ra.^^.^' i ( 1itla.nt " 1 RL Ti^udvry vypusk ^i.^.: 1X. eEFERENCE IN ENGLISH - REFERENCE EN 1NGLAIS 1^la.^itic eseG.rch ^.nsti.tl.te f or ii.sheri es s.ncl c.^ce_o,_a.-)hy (tlanti;SR ), Transactions . lssue X.iYi^X PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL PUBLISHER- EDITEUR DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMEROS DES PAGES DANS DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL t18.nti- ; lI^U YEAR ISSUE NO. - 31,.1;. VOLUME I NUMERO PLACE OF PUBLICATION ANNEE NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAGES DACTYLOGRAPHIEES nin^r^.cl -49 5 E2 TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. ^ ^^a3 REQUESTING DEPARTMENT ^^^rrvironment MINISTRE-CLIENT NOTRE DOSSIER NO ^ r'i sl:eri es and I,.arine Services BRANCH OR DIVISION TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) J( . il o . DIRECTION OU DI VISION . L'f Lice . Of the ^•di-^Or TRADUCTEUR ( INITIALES) PERSON REQUESTING 1! llan T T . ^.e ^ d DEMANDÉ PAR UNEDi i f:D 1;:f-.NSL ATiON For ir.for::;a:ion a r!y YOUR NUMBER VOTRE DOSSIER NO TRADUCTION NON REVISEE Information soulement ^^-NTF_ OF REQUEST .l 1. :''e (.,rLlc^.r,r ^TE DE LA DEMANDE _ SEP. 12 1974. SOS.200.10.6 (REV. 2/08) 7030•21.OZ9•5333 DEPARTMENT OF TP;E SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DIVISION MULTILINGUES CLIENT'S NO. DEPARTMENT DIVISION/BRANCH CITY N° DU CLIENT MINISTÉRE DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE Fisheries and Marine Ser - Environment vices, Office of Editor BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) N° DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 165703 Russian J. No. eEp 1 2 1974 Atlanticheskii nauchno-issledovatel'skii institut rybnogo khozyaistva î okeanografii (AtlantNIRO) ISSLEDOVANIYA MORSKIKH MLEKOPITAYUSHCHIEH Trudy, vypusk XXXIX Kaliningrad 1971 • Atlantic Research Institute for Fisheries and Oceanography (AtlantNIRO) RESEARCH ON MARINE MAMMALS Transactions, Issue 39 Kaliningrad 1971 UNEDITED TRANSLATION For inforrnalion only UDC 599.5 +599.7145 TRADUCTION NON REVISEE Inforrnalion soulement In charge of issue: Doctor of Biological Sciences K. K. Chapskii Research on marine mammals. Transactions, issue 39. Kaliningrad, AtlantNIRO, 1971. 344 pages with illustrations. SOS-200-10-31 7B :10 -P1.02 Q - 5332 2 Important questions concerning the ecology, distribu- tion, commercial exploitation, morphology and physiology of marine mammals are touched upon in this symposium, as are problems concerning the conservation and maintenance in cap- tivity of these animals. The wide range of themes will undoubtedly be of inte- rest not only to specialists in the field of study of marine mammals but also to ichthyologists, oceanographers and those working on questions of the conservation and rational uliliza- tion of natural resources. The papers have been written by research workers who are conducting investigations on aquatic mammals in various basins in our country and in the oceans of the world. 3 SECTION I. THE ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CETACEANS Translator's note. Up to this page the pages in the original text were not numbered. On the subsequent pages of the trans- lation the figures in the right-hand margin indicate the cor- responding pages in the original text. UDC 599.5 B. A. Zenkovich The fate of whales All who are familiar with the organization and scope of the contemporary whaling industry, especially in the period of the last twenty years, cannot help being worried about the fate of the whales. The question of whether or not individual species of whales are threatened by complete extinction is now no longer a question that gives rise to doubts during the course of the last ten years, already after the Second World War, two species of whales - the blue whale (Balaenoptera mus- culus L) and the humpback or long-flippered whale (Magaptera nodosa Bonn) - have been almost completely exterminated every- where. From the history of the whaling industry it is known that the smooth or right whales of the subfamily Balaeninae, which do not sink after death, were exterminated by the whalers of the sailing fleet already in the last century, and the whaling was then conducted with row boats and hand harpoons. This primitive technique was found to be sufficient to com- pletely exterminate several species of slowly swimming and very fat-bearing right whales in both the Northern as well as the Southern hemispheres. By the seventies of the last century these same whalers had so decimated itxx numerous stocksof sperm whales (Physeter catodon L) that their commercial ex- ploitation came to a halt, as it had become unprofitable. Untouched remained only the stocks of rorquals (Balaeno- pterinae), which sink after death, for which reason their 5 commercial explitation could-commence only after the invention by Svend Foyn in 1968 of the harpoon gun, which fired a har- poon with a grenade at its end, and of the compressor for in- flating the body of the whale with compressed air. Commercial exploitation of these whales has already been conducted for a hundred years. As is known, the contemporary rorqual whaling industry began off the coast of Norway, the homeland of the inventor of the harpoon gun, in the North Atlantic, where the first 30 whales were killed. It should be noted that the first of the rorquals were the blue whales, the largest of this subfamily. In order to represent the situation with respect to the whales more clearly, we will divide the whole of the World's oceans into 4 whaling regions: 1. The North Atlantic - from the tropics to the polar regions inclusively; 2. The North Pacific - the samet 3. The Antarctic - to the south of 4.0° latitude S. and up to the zone of impassable icet ^• The Southern hemisphere without the Antarctic. These extensive regions have their own particular subregions and sectors but we will not be speaking of these. N o r t h A t l a n t i c . As has already been mentioned the commercial whaling for rorquals was started off the coast of Norway and then spread throughout the whole of the North Atlantic, and in almost all suitable places there were orga- nized shore stations, at which the carcasses of the whales were dressed. We will consider the results of the industry and to some degree the results of whale investigations in this region, paying attention to each-of the commercial species. 6 B l u e w h a 1 e s. In all from the start of the wha- ling in 1868 up to 1967 inclusively there were caught 7867 blue yhales, but only 651 animals were accurately measured and examined, including 377 males (57.9%) and 274 females (4-2.1% ) * The largest whale had a length of 2804. cm and this was a femâle. The largest male had a length of 2620 cm. Among the measured whales, 312 or 4•7.9% were found to be sexually immature. The average length fluctuated within the limits of 1950 - 2234• cm. Beginning in 1960 a ban on the catch of blue whales was introduced in the North Atlantic, but up to the present time throughout this entire extensive. area of water these whales have been encountered extremely rarely if they have been encountered at all. There exist fears that this measure.was belated and that the stock of whales has been -campieté.lg killed off. It may be said with confidence that in this region the stock of blue whales was not numerous. It is a remarkable fact that the blue whales in this region approached close to the coasts and were killed off by shore-based fl6ets. Fin whales (Balaenontera physalus 1). During this hundred year period there were caught here no less than 57 280 fin whales, but measurements and examinations of these did not commence until 1930. Therefore we have at our. disposal information on the measurements of only 18 327 fin whales, including 9135 males (4-9.8%) and 9192 females (50-2%)- Out of this number 6793 or 37•0% were found to be sexually immature. The average length of the fin whales fluctuated within the limits of 1786 - 1900 cm; the largest males had 7 a length of 2285 cm and the females - 2386 cm. In recent seasons the number of sexually immature whales in the indus- try has reached up to 50.0%, with a catch of 790 - 1014 head.