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A Systematic Review of Photovoice As Participatory Action Research Strategies International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2020, pp. 675~683 ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20581 675 A systematic review of photovoice as participatory action research strategies Nadi Suprapto1, Titin Sunarti2, Suliyanah3, Desi Wulandari4, Hasan N. Hidayaatullaah5, Alif S. Adam6, Husni Mubarok7 1,2,3,4,5,6,7Physics Education Program, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia 7Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Photovoice research is conducted by researchers to communicate images or photographs, and it has high confidence in analyzing the value, story or Received Mar 10, 2020 meaning of an image. Several previous studies that examined photovoice as Revised Jul 11, 2020 a research strategy were analyzed and reviewed. This systematic review used Accepted Aug 5, 2020 an article selection process. It was defining the purpose, conducting a literature search, pulling articles by reading abstracts, reading the full paper, data abstraction, and conducting an analysis. The photovoice article Keywords: selection was classified into education, health, and social science domain. Finally, forty-one articles have been reviewed with the total of participants Participatory action research involved ranged from five to fifty individuals. The majority of research Photovoice method in the articles was participatory action research (PAR) through Qualitative inquiry qualitative inquiry or field visits. Meanwhile, the research instruments used Systematic review photography, documentation, observation, and interviews. In various fields of research, photovoice is able to increase the understanding of individuals or groups to interpret the content of an image or photo. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Nadi Suprapto, Physics Education Program, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION From various studies, photovoice has been widely used as a method or strategy in problem-solving in the form of photography or documentaries, both educational, social, health and non-traditional literature using PAR (Participatory Action Research) [1, 2]. Wang stated that photovoice is the act of taking photos or documentation, followed by telling stories related to these photos [2, 3]. It is an approach as a means of gaining interest in research objects. The attraction of these objects makes it easier for readers or researchers to analyze events clearly and meaningfully so that they can increase researchers' responses [4]. Photovoice is a reinforcement or training technique to help communicate the contents of images and photos [5]. There are three objectives of photovoice [1], take notes and recorded the strengths and weaknesses of the environment around the individuals, to create dialogue by discussing groups about photographs, and to influence individual or group decision making. Through photovoice, students can revive the experience they have gained to be able to express strengths and weaknesses in the field visit program [6]. The initial step of the photovoice process is selecting the audience and creating groups [2]. When the process of forming groups has been made, then the next step gives direction on how to take photos properly. Photos that have been taken then analyzed according to the contents of the image and discussed with the audience [2]. The audience Journal homepage: http://ijere.iaescore.com 676 ISSN: 2252-8822 is allowed to be active in speaking out and having a definite opinion about the photo [7]. The success of photovoice depends on some factors, such as the nature of the phenomenon under investigation, time, period and audience interest in taking photos [7]. Photographs, documents, and photovoice can deliver the purpose of a story, science, knowledge, history, tradition, as well as social phenomena and other natural phenomena. In this way, photovoice can be used as an educational tool in the basic methods of learning [8]. Photovoice in the domain of learning makes students can feel directly and analyze comprehensively what they will learn. Outdoor learning and field trips serve as strategies for achieving knowledge and materials in photovoice [5, 6]. Therefore, photovoice is utilized as a way to research the domain of education. Through photovoice, students will be connected to science [9]. In addition to photovoice used in the area of education, photovoice is also able to be used in the social and health domain. In social domain, experiments carried out by members of three local temples through photographs and sounds have helped to give light on a religion that has been territorially misinterpreted [10]. Meanwhile, in health domain photovoice is a PAR strategy that contributes to discussing women's health [1, 2]. In this explanation, it plays a role in the domain of research and learning. A study of photovoice or photo-elicitation or photo novella is inseparable from the data collection process. The process was done in two ways, namely qualitative and quantitative method, or the combination of the two methods, which is called the mixed-method (the combination both of them). From the previous research discussed, it provides a picture of the condition of photovoice in describing health analysis using a qualitative method in the form of image and video descriptions [11]. Then, it is also mentioned in photovoice of educational research that is used as a qualitative method such as in pedagogy domain [12]. Taking, for example, a study by Cook & Quigley employed 40 students as participatory action research (PAR) by using a qualitative method in conducting research and connecting students using photovoice [13]. Research about photovoice has been widely concerned by previous researchers from traditional photovoice in health study [1, 2, 4, 11, 14-17] to psychology [18-20], education [5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 21-27], communication [28, 29], ethnicity [30], sport [31, 32], and management [7]. In this study, several previous pieces of research on photo-elicitation as a domain of case strategy will be analyzed and reviewed. Through the selection method, this research will be more focused. In general, the background of this research is used to find out how the overview of photovoice articles after reviewing several articles, investigating participant trends, analyzing research methods and instruments used in photovoice research. Figure 1 summarizes the photovoice as participatory action research strategies that guiding the previous researchers. Figure 1. The scheme of photovoice as participatory action research strategies 2. RESEARCH METHOD 2.1. The procedure of systematic review This research used the article selection method as guided by Suprapto & Chang [33]. In selecting articles, it required certain procedures. In general, the articles were used all photovoice domains in various fields. This procedure followed the directions in Figure 2 [33]. This process begins by creating and defining research objectives and continuing to search for the word or sentence through literature search. Figure 2 illustrates the schematic procedure of a systematic review of research. The systematic review process follows the direction of previous researchers [34-36]. The first steps are determining, creating, and defining the topic or idea that will be used to review the focus of the research. Then look for Int. J. Eval. & Res. Educ. Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2020: 675 - 683 Int J Eval & Res Educ. ISSN: 2252-8822 677 literacy or articles according to the topic of ideas to be used. When the article has been obtained, and then first read the article’s abstract, and continues reading the whole article. By reading the article as a unit, researchers will be able to read the results of the research data and then analyze it according to the contents of the data. Figure 2. The procedure of systematic review 2.2. Selection studies process After the photovoice articles were obtained, then there are four criteria for reviewing the article [33]. The first criterion is how the researcher selected the research participant. The second criterion is found and analyzed data. Meanwhile, the following two criteria are found out the methods and targets, and the photovoice field used in the research. In the fourth criterion, it can be interpreted that the photovoice field researched in the article belongs to the domain of education, social, health, tradition, or other areas of research. To identify photovoice as research strategies, it can be found in several research journals that are appropriate to their field. Here are a few samples of the names of research journals used: Journal of Women’s Health, Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, Research in Science & Technological Education, International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. Finally, forty-one articles were selected as the result of selection studies process. Of the forty-one articles used as a review of photovoice, there were eight articles in the field of health studies [1, 2, 4, 11, 14-17], 16 articles in the field of education [5-9, 13, 20, 21, 23-27, 37-39], and 17 articles in the field of social research (including sport) [10, 12, 18, 19, 28-32, 40-47]. Then, among this number of articles, we consider the
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