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Ankle Arthrodesis Using Ilizarov Ring Fixator: a Primary Or Salvage Procedure?: an Analysis of Twenty Cases

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Ankle Arthrodesis Using Ilizarov Ring Fixator: a Primary Or Salvage Procedure?: an Analysis of Twenty Cases eCommons@AKU Section of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Surgery 11-2018 Ankle arthrodesis using Ilizarov ring fixator: A primary or salvage procedure?: An analysis of twenty cases Obada Hasan Aga Khan University, [email protected] Shah Fahad Aga Khan University, [email protected] S. Sattar Aga Khan University Masood Umer Aga Khan University, [email protected] Haroon Rashid Aga Khan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_surg_orthop Part of the Orthopedics Commons, and the Surgery Commons Recommended Citation Hasan, O., Fahad, S., Sattar, S., Umer, M., Rashid, H. (2018). Ankle arthrodesis using Ilizarov ring fixator: A primary or salvage procedure?: An analysis of twenty cases. Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal, 12(3), 24-30. Available at: https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_surg_orthop/96 6-OA6-100_OA1 12/1/18 5:27 PM Page 24 Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2018 Vol 12 No 3 Hasan O, et al doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5704/MOJ.1811.006 Ankle Arthrodesis using Ilizarov Ring Fixator: A Primary or Salvage Procedure? An Analysis of Twenty Cases Hasan O, FCPS, Fahad S, MBBS, Sattar S, MBBS, Umer M, FCPS, Rashid H, FCPS Section of Orthopaedics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited Date of submission: 26th July 2018 Date of acceptance: 22nd September 2018 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Introduction: Ankle arthrodesis using the Ilizarov technique Ankle arthrodesis is the fusion of the ankle (tibio-talar) joint provides high union rate with the added benefits of early and is indicated in conditions such as advanced ankle weight-bearing, and the unique advantage of its ability to arthritis, post traumatic arthritis, congenital and promote regeneration of soft tissue around the bone, neuromuscular disorders, infection, avascular necrosis of the including skin, muscle and neuro-vascular structures, and its talus, advanced posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and versatility to allow correction of the position of the foot by Charcot neuroarthropathy, and serves as a salvage procedure adjusting the frame post-operatively as needed. We describe for failed total ankle arthroplasty1. Arthrodesis is often a limb our experience with this technique and the functional salvage procedure and an alternative to below knee outcomes in our patients. amputation in patients with end-stage ankle arthritis2. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in 20 ankle fusion cases using the Ilizarov method The techniques recorded in literature for arthrodesis up until between the years 2007 and 2017. We defined success in now include crossed screw structure (two screws inserted treatment by loss of preoperative symptoms and radiological from the distal tibia, across to each other, into the talus), union on plain radiographs of the ankle. intramedullary nail, plate, external fixation frame and so Results: Fusion was achieved in all patients (100%). forth; however, there remains much controversy with respect Immediate post-operative ambulation was with full weight to the optimal technique for ankle fusion to acquire steady bearing (FWB) in 16 (83%) of the participants and rigid fixation, fixation methods that does not allow non-weight bearing (NWB) in 3 patients (17%). Post- interfragmentary movement under functional weight bearing procedure 11 patients (67%) of the participants who were full and utilizes the compression principle, accompanying weight bearing required some form of support for walking restoration of plantigrade foot function3-6. Furthermore, for 2-3 weeks. Post-operatively three patients had pin tract existing techniques are associated with several infection requiring intravenous antibiotics. Radiological complications such as malalignment, infection, nonunion, union took range of 6-12 weeks, mean union time was 8 and adjacent joint osteoarthritis7. weeks. Only one patient required bone grafting due to bone loss. Average follow-up period was 10-45 months. Internal fixation for ankle arthrodesis is sufficient in most Conclusion: The Ilizarov technique has a high union rate cases; however, several types of infections i.e. chronic and leads to general favourable clinical outcome and may be osteomyelitis and tuberculosis infections, ankle deformity or considered for any ankle arthrodesis but is especially useful limb length discrepancy, compromised soft tissue around the in complex cases such as for revisions, soft-tissue ankle and deficient bone stock as well as neurological compromise, infection and in patients with risk for conditions can result in less than optimal situations for non-union. Early weight bearing is an extra benefit. internal fixation. In such conditions Ilizarov fixator is preferred7-9. Ilizarov fixator is a versatile device; it provides Key Words: circumferential rigid fixation and at the same time provides ankle, arthrodesis, Ilizarov fixator, union, limb salvage dynamic axial compression, allowing the surgeon to address any intraoperative error or loss of position in early post- operative time10. It is a minimally invasive, secure and Corresponding Author: Shah Fahad, Section of Orthopaedics, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan Email: [email protected] 24 6-OA6-100_OA1 12/1/18 5:27 PM Page 25 Ankle Arthrodesis using Ilizarov Ring Fixator successful method for treating these difficult cases of ankle All procedures were performed under general anaesthesia. arthrodesis and allows immediate weight bearing 11 . The The patient supine on the operating table with elevation Ilizarov technique has a high union rate and leads to general under the ipsilateral buttock. Intravenous prophylactic improvement in clinical outcome and may be considered as antibiotics were administered at the time of induction of a primary and definitive procedure when expertise is anaesthesia as according to our institution’s guidelines. The available. ankle joint was approached anterolaterally. Any ulcer over the lateral aspect was excised en bloc with the skin incision. The aim of the present study was to assess the results of the Existing implants from previous surgery were removed. In Ilizarov external fixator in performing ankle fusion in 20 each case a beveled osteotomy was created, from ankles. The Ilizarov fixator was applied in patients with superolateral to inferomedial 3 to 5cm proximal to the level severe soft tissue compromise and bone loss, patients with of the ankle joint, taking several centimeters of the distal Charcot arthropathy and unstable ankles. We describe our shaft that was used as autogenous graft if needed. In-situ experience with this technique, including all functional and fusion was performed in the absence of varus/valgus radiological outcomes in our tertiary care university hospital. deformity. The dense fibrous tissues and synovium were excised. The articular surfaces of the distal tibia and the dome of the talus were excised with osteotome to allow good MATERIALS AND METHODS co-optation between the distal tibia and the talus with talus aligned 90 degrees to the tibia. The talus was opposed to the This is a study conducted in our university hospital which is distal tibia and held by Kirschner wires inserted from the a tertiary-care level-1 trauma centre. We obtained the plantar aspect of the calcaneus to the tibia. Infected cases hospital ethical review committee approval and registered were addressed through aggressive surgical debridement: the study in data registry. bone and soft tissue cultures were sent and an Ilizarov frame application in same sitting (Fig. 1). The Ilizarov frame with A retrospective analysis of 19 patients (20 ankles) who two rings for the distal tibia appropriately sized to the leg and underwent ankle arthrodesis with Ilizarov external fixator a foot plate or mid-foot ring. Compression between the tibia during the period from September 2004 to May 2017 was fixation and foot plate or mid-foot ring was performed with conducted. All orthopaedic patients who underwent ankle threaded rods, hinges or adjustable struts. The cancellous arthrodesis with Ilizarov external fixator were enrolled into bone of the lateral malleolus was excised, fragmented into the study. Patients with missing records and those who were small pieces then placed between the distal tibia and the lost to follow-up were excluded. Data collected included: talus. The foot frame was then connected to the leg frame age, gender, mechanism of injury, site of impact , type of and compression was applied at the fusion site. fracture, history of previous fixation, indication for ankle arthrodesis, whether there was a need for bone grafting, the Post-operatively, the patients with Ilizarov fixator were mean operative time. allowed weight-bearing with ambulation as tolerated in most of cases. Patients with associated other fractures and those Pre-operative assessment included a thorough history, who were not medically stable were kept non-weight- physical examination which included gait analysis, ankle, bearing. Pin care began on the second post-operative day and hind foot range of motion, limb length discrepancy and the was performed once daily after that. The patients were current condition of the patient’s relevant soft tissue. discharged after an average of two days and followed-up
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