DOCSLIB.ORG

Fusion in Europe News & Views on the Progress of Fusion Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FUSION IN EUROPE NEWS & VIEWS ON THE PROGRESS OF FUSION RESEARCH WHY FUSION? SUMMER 2019 FUSION IN EUROPE SUMMER 2019 Contents LOOKING INTO THE WHY FUSION? 6 CRYSTAL BALL 8 We asked and the fusion community answered! Marie-Line Mayoral explains how modelling is taking fusion Picture: Sarah McKellar on Unsplash experiments to the next level. Picture: Holger Link on Unsplash PSI-2 LINEAR PLASMA OUTSIDE INSIGHTS: DEVICE POSTER ALTERNATIVE FUSION 12 14 See where materials are put through the ultimate Science writer Daniel Clery looks at the race to realise plasma test. Picture: Christophe Roux, CEA, France fusion. Picture: General Fusion Imprint © Petra Nieckchen, Head of Communications Dept. FUSION IN EUROPE This magazine or parts of it may not be reproduced ISSN 1818-5355 without permission. Text, pictures and layout, except where noted, courtesy of the EUROfusion members. EUROfusion The EUROfusion members are the Research Units Programme Management Unit – Garching of the European Fusion Programme. Responsibility Boltzmannstr. 2 for the information and views expressed in this 85748 Garching / Munich, Germany newsletter lies entirely with the authors. Neither phone: +49-89-3299-4128 the Research Units or anyone acting on their behalf For more information see the email: [email protected] is responsible for any damage resulting from the website: www.euro-fusion.org editor: Karl Tischler use of information contained in this publication. 2 FUSION IN EUROPE | Summer 2019 | EUROfusion | LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Dear Reader, As we bake under record-breaking heat waves again this year, it is harder to ignore that climate change means that we have to make changes. Really big changes. However there is no clear winner amongst the alternatives to fossil fuels. Wind, solar, nuclear fission, geothermal… each one has disadvantages and limitations. For this issue, I sought to understand why fusion matters. Why should we continue to invest our physicist’s time and our taxes into researching and realising a source of power that will, if all goes well, start feeding into the electrical grid sometime after 2060? Then on July 14 my dear wife gave birth to our daughter ATTENTION new readers! Anna Norma. That’s her picture there. She’s my answer to the question “why fusion?” Sure, we do not know exactly You’ll find many acronyms and terms in this when we’ll solve the fusion puzzle. But for her sake, and magazine that are most likely foreign to you. Fear for the sake of all our children, we have to. not! We've highlighted them and provided easy- to-understand descriptions on our website: What’s your answer? www.euro-fusion.org/glossary Maybe by sharing our reasons why, other people will take notice. This might inspire others to learn about fusion. That could increase the support for fusion. Which will help us realise it all the sooner. Keep up with all things EUROfusion-related That would certainly be a good thing. online: @FusionInCloseUp Karl Tischler @fusion2050 Editor of Fusion in Europe linkedin.com/company/eurofusion/ [email protected] Have a question, comment or suggestion? We’d love to hear from you! Email us at: [email protected] 4 No Video too Blurry This fusion spin-off start-up is finding new uses for its plasma-tracking software. SUBSCRIBE FOR FREE HERE: 20 Impressions https://tinyurl.com/ Fusion software developer Tamás Szabolics yc7lz3xm shares his passion for digital photography. 22 ITER Generation This project has received funding from the Euratom Meet the young people dedicated to turning research and training programme 2014-2018 and fusion’s promise into reality. 2019-2020 under grant agreement No 633053. 2 3 Newsletter Eurofusion 2016-01_final_aktu120416.indd 4 01.06.16 11:28 FUSION AHEAD! FUSION IN EUROPE FUSION AHEAD! While the realisation of fusion energy may be decades away, the technologies spinning off from fusion research are already benefiting Europeans today. Exploring yet another remarkable case is EUROfusion’s own Misha Kidambi. NO VIDEO 0 1 1 0 TOO BLURRY 1 FUSION AHEAD! WRITTEN BY MISHA KIDAMBI If you have ever seen what fusion plasma videos look like, it is easy to appreciate the challenge To a casual observer a blurry, noisy, low qua- of collecting data from them. Although shot by lity video is meaningless. But in industry and super-efficient, top-of-the-range, fast- framing research such a poor quality video is frequently cameras, the videos of burning plasmas are the only source of invaluable data and infor- moving images of pink haze or a black-and- mation. The question is how to extract it. This white film… mostly black with flashing lights. is where APREX Solutions’ special TRACK “The videos of what happens inside atokamak software comes into the picture. It tracks and during experiments have high noise levels and analyses videos. poor contrast. What you see are films of events that occur extremely quickly, in a matter of TRACKING EVERY BLURRY FRAME microseconds. The strength of the TRACK Set up in 2017 by former fusion researchers software is that researchers can extract the Romain Baude and Mikaël Désécures, French data they need from such videos,” explains start-up APREX (Analyses de PRofils EXperi- Romain. “The user can customize the algo- mentaux) Solutions began with an idea to rithm without needing any specialised skills expand the use of a video tracking and ana lysing in coding for image analysis. This allows algorithm initially developed for studying researchers to focus on collecting and analy- FUSION AHEAD! fusion plasma videos. sing the data rather than spending weeks or even months adapting their own codes.” GETTING UNDER THE SKIN OF SKYRMIONS Researchers at the University of California in San Diego developing next generation in- formation-storage systems work with quasi­ particles known as skyrmions – a nano- sized disturbance similar to a subatomic hur- ricane. TRACK became an important part of their research story. “Think of skyrmions as perfectly-wrapped magne tization textures,” says researcher Jeffrey Brock. “Because of their well-defined wrapping, they are Tracking skyrmions, Picture: incredibly stable and can be moved Aprex Solutions and the University very efficiently using electric currents. of San Diego They have attracted a lot of attention recently because they could be used as 4 FUSION AHEAD! FUSION IN EUROPE | Summer 2019 | EUROfusion | FUSION AHEAD! FUSION AHEAD! information carriers in the next-generation of APREX’ software to identify, track and char- storage devices,” he explains. acterize turbulent structures despite their very complex dynamics and short lifetimes of So why use TRACK? “From a research point- a mere 20 microseconds on average. of-view, we need to get data about skyrmions’ speed, acceleration, displacement and other THE PICTURE OF SUCCESS parameters. Getting all this information for Having honed their skills and software on so many skyrmionsFUSION fromAHEAD! low-contrast im- videos of one of the most turbulent places in ages using existing software was simply not the universe, APREX sees many opportunities pos sible. Our only option was to collect this ahead. “We will continue pushing the enve- data manu ally,” says Jeffrey. “TRACK provid- lope of what is possible to continue working ed a way to customise and automate our data with the fusion research community as well as collection process. What would have taken finding new uses and clients in other fields and weeks we can now do in one afternoon.” industries,” tells Romain. QUALITY CONTROL What started as a solution for fusion research Automation using the APREX software also has found multiple new applications – it’s saved time and improved quality control for another fusion spin-off success story! n an optical fibre manufacturer. “The original way to detect defects at a micrometre scale was entirely manual,” Romain points out. Unsur- prisingly, this quality checking process was er- ror-prone and its results were not reproducible. The APREX software was used to study imag- es and videos of the optical fibre production line. It was able to correctly identify both the number, and size of the defects consistently. “Using TRACK we developed a completely Mikaël Désécures and Romain Baude, Picture: Jean Lamour Institute customised and integrated system that met their specific needs,” says Romain. FUSION AHEAD! Aprex Solutions Going back to their roots, another APREX https://www.aprex-solutions.com/ client is more familiar to the fusion commu- [email protected] nity: the COMPASS toka mak at the Institute youtube.com/channel/ of Plasma Physics of the Academy of Sciences UC6U2TeM72pkpUC5veTX6mmw/featured in the Czech Republic. A team of fusion linkedin.com/company/aprex-solutions/ researchers working on this device recently published results in the journal Nuclear Fusion that were obtained using TRACK. In fusion experiments, researchers have to deal with a phenomenon known as plasma turbulence. FUSION SPIN-OFFS It’s comparable to what happens when water boils in a kettle with one important difference: Learn more about fusion spin-offs and check strong turbulence in a fusion device can sud- out the new fusion spin-offs video here: denly extinguish a fusion reaction. For reliable energy production, understanding the turbu- www.euro-fusion.org/spin-offs lence is crucial. Researchers successfully used 4 5 FUSION IN EUROPE Fusion’s complexity has repeatedly sur- ? prised the world’s top physicists, dashing bold plans against the hard realities of un- cooperative plasmas. Even today, fusion power is 30 to 50 years away, meaning that it will not be ready in time to help us avert climate catastrophe. If this is the ? case, why bother developing fusion? To ? ? find the answer, Fusion in Europe stalked the hallways, took to the phones and fired ? off emails. We received a symphony of ? ? answers.
Recommended publications
  • Overview of the SPARC Tokamak

    Overview of the SPARC Tokamak

    This is a repository copy of Overview of the SPARC tokamak. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/166980/ Version: Published Version Article: Creely, A. J., Greenwald, M. J., Ballinger, S. B. et al. (42 more authors) (2020) Overview of the SPARC tokamak. Journal of Plasma Physics. 865860502. ISSN 0022-3778 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377820001257 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ J. Plasma Phys. (2020), vol. 86, 865860502 © The Author(s), 2020. 1 Published by Cambridge University Press This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
  • TAE Technologies G Round Introduction July 2019

    TAE Technologies G Round Introduction July 2019

    TAE Technologies G Round Introduction July 2019 PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 1 Contents TAE Technologies Overview 3 TAE Fusion 10 TAE Life Sciences 13 Disclaimer 17 Contact Information 18 PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 2 TAE Technologies Overview PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 3 “I would like to see the development of fusion power to give an unlimited supply of clean energy and a switch to electric cars.” Stephen Hawking watch video online PRIVILEGEDPRIVILEGED AND AND CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL4 4 Vast fusion-incubated IP portfolio primed for commercialization Enables disruptive high-growth businesses Game-changing targeted radiation cancer therapy Revolutionary electric drivetrain platform for road, rail, air and sea Advanced particle accelerators for fusion, POWER GENERATION POWER DISTRIBUTION medicine and more • Fusion R&D • Microgrids • Confinement licensing • Energy storage/buffering • Plasma control • Power switching • Consulting services • Power factor correction PRIVILEGEDPRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 5 Investment Opportunity Synopsis TAE is commercializing its intellectual property portfolio • Inflection point in TAE’s evolution • After over 1,100 patents filed and 20 years of R&D – starting to commercialize our technologies and realize accelerated revenues • Multiple tiered opportunities that drive significant value creation around • Fusion power generation technology ($7 trillion cumulative market out to 2040) • Targeted radiation oncology ($30+ billion/yr market for head & neck tumors w/ 6% CAGR) • Mobility technology (e.g. $20+ billion/yr EV drivetrain market w/ 19% CAGR) • Power management technologies (e.g. $10+ billion/yr data center power market w/ 7% CAGR) PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL 6 Board, management and investors well-matched to opportunity Drawing on leadership from industry, technology and finance Strong and engaged board including: • Former U.S.
  • Journal of Physics & Astronomy

    Journal of Physics & Astronomy

    Journal of Physics & Astronomy Review| Vol 8 Iss 2 The Big Bang Never Happened: A Conclusive Argument Rowland D* Independent Researcher, Canadian Association of Physicists, Canada * Corresponding author: Rowland D, Independent Researcher, Canadian Association of Physicists, Canada, E-Mail: [email protected] Received: February 15, 2020; Accepted: March 2, 2020; Published: March 20, 2020 Abstract For over 100 years, the prevailing belief has been that the universe was created by a big bang singularity. This speculative event is an impossibility that has become a firmly entrenched notion only because of a fundamental scientific error that few have questioned, until now. This paper provides both logical proof and corroborating scientific evidence that the universe could not have begun from a singularity, that galaxies are not receding from the Milky Way, and that we are not on a collision course with Andromeda. Edwin Hubble made faulty assumptions and significant miscalculations. Big bang theory presupposes that somehow the universe spontaneously created itself from nothing. This notion defies both physics and logic, the science of thinking and reasoning. Nothing cannot be the cause of something. Aristotle is reputed to have expressed it this way: “The notion that there could be nothing that preceded something offends reason itself.” Keywords: Big Bang, Astronomy, Astrophysics 1. Introduction For over 100 years, the prevailing belief has been that the universe was created by a big bang singularity. Because of both logical and scientific errors, this speculative event could not possibly have happened. The big bang idea has become firmly entrenched because of a fundamental scientific error compounded by faulty assumptions, presumptive reasoning, and miscalculations.
  • First Simulations of Turbulent Transport in the Field-Reversed Configuration C

    First Simulations of Turbulent Transport in the Field-Reversed Configuration C

    Lau DOI:10.1088/1741-4326/ab1578 EX/P6-37 First Simulations of Turbulent Transport in the Field-Reversed Configuration C. K. Lau1, D. P. Fulton1, J. Bao2, Z. Lin2, T. Tajima1,2, and L. Schmitz1,3 The TAE Team 1TAE Technologies, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA 92688, USA 2University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA 3University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA Corresponding Author: C. K. Lau, [email protected] Experimental progress by TAE Technologies has led to successful suppression of MHD insta- bilities in field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas using C-2U and C-2W devices. Resultant particle and energy confinement times are on the order of several milliseconds, governed by mi- croturbulence driven transport processes. Understanding these mechanisms is essential towards improved confinement and a viable FRC fusion reactor. Experimental measurements of low frequency density fluctuations in C-2 have shown that fluctuations of the FRC core and SOL exhibit distinct qualities. In the SOL, fluctuations are highest in amplitude at ion-scale lengths and exponentially decrease towards electron-scale lengths. In the core, fluctuations are overall lower in amplitude with a dip in the ion-scale lengths and a slight peak in electron-scale lengths. Using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code (GTC), local linear simulations of drift-wave instabilities have found qualitatively similar trends. The SOL is linearly unstable for a wide range of length scales and pressure gradients. On the other hand, the core is shown to be robustly stable due to the stabilizing FRC traits of short field-line connection lengths, radially increasing magnetic field strength, and the large finite Larmor radius (FLR) of ions.
  • TAE Milestone Press Release

    TAE Milestone Press Release

    Fusion Energy Milestone from TAE Technologies Validates Path to Cost-Competitive Carbon-Free Baseload Energy Company Raises Additional $280M for Reactor-Scale Demonstration Facility “Norman” Platform Outperforms Goals; Generates Stable High-Temperature Plasmas Additional Funds Will Support Final Step Toward Commercialization Foothill Ranch, CA -- April 8, 2021 -- TAE Technologies, the world’s largest private fusion energy company, has announced a landmark fusion technology milestone by producing stable plasma at 50M+ degrees Celsius in a proprietary compact reactor design that can scale to competitive fusion-generated power. This milestone furthers confidence in TAE’s path to commercialization, and has aided the company in raising $280M in additional funding. When combined with prior rounds, TAE has now raised over $880M from some of the world’s most sophisticated investors. The latest financing is the direct result of TAE achieving its most recent scientific milestone on the path to delivering carbon-free baseload energy from the Hydrogen-Boron (aka H-B11 or p-B11) fuel cycle, the most abundant and environmentally friendly fuel source on Earth, capable of sustaining the planet for millennia. This success crucially confirms a key differentiator of TAE’s patented technology: a positive relationship between plasma confinement and reactor temperature, meaning that the company’s compact linear configuration improves plasma confinement as temperatures rise. By generating such stable high temperature plasmas, TAE has now validated that the company’s unique approach can scale to the conditions necessary for an economically viable commercial fusion power plant by the end of the decade. A portion of the capital will be used to initiate development of a demonstration facility called “Copernicus” that will operate well in excess of 100 million degrees Celsius to simulate net energy production from the conventional Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fuel cycle.
  • Small-Scale Fusion Tackles Energy, Space Applications

    Small-Scale Fusion Tackles Energy, Space Applications

    NEWS FEATURE NEWS FEATURE Small-scalefusiontacklesenergy,spaceapplications Efforts are underway to exploit a strategy that could generate fusion with relative ease. M. Mitchell Waldrop, Science Writer On July 14, 2015, nine years and five billion kilometers Cohen explains, referring to the ionized plasma inside after liftoff, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft passed the tube that’s emitting the flashes. So there are no the dwarf planet Pluto and its outsized moon Charon actual fusion reactions taking place; that’s not in his at almost 14 kilometers per second—roughly 20 times research plan until the mid-2020s, when he hopes to faster than a rifle bullet. be working with a more advanced prototype at least The images and data that New Horizons pains- three times larger than this one. takingly radioed back to Earth in the weeks that If that hope pans out and his future machine does followed revealed a pair of worlds that were far more indeed produce more greenhouse gas–free fusion en- varied and geologically active than anyone had ergy than it consumes, Cohen and his team will have thought possible. The revelations were breathtak- beaten the standard timetable for fusion by about a ing—and yet tinged with melancholy, because New decade—using a reactor that’s just a tiny fraction of Horizons was almost certain to be both the first and the size and cost of the huge, donut-shaped “tokamak” the last spacecraft to visit this fascinating world in devices that have long devoured most of the research our lifetimes. funding in this field.
  • On TAE's Path to Fusion

    On TAE's Path to Fusion

    On TAE’s Path to Fusion A Private-Sector Perspective Michl Binderbauer | President & CTO | TAE Technologies Committee on aCOMMITTE Strategic ON Plan A STRATEGIC for US Burning PLAN FOR Plasma U.S. BURNING Research, PLASMA General RESEARCH Atomic, | FEBRUARY Feb 26-28, 2018 2018 1 Agenda • Concept, Motivation and History • Key Past Program Accomplishments • Current Status and Next Steps • Overall Perspective Forward – Public-Private Partnership COMMITTE ON A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR U.S. BURNING PLASMA RESEARCH | FEBRUARY 2018 2 TAE Concept Advanced beam driven FRC • High plasma β~1 • compact and high power density • aneutronic fuel capability • indigenous kinetic particles • Tangential high-energy beam injection • large orbit ion population decouples from micro-turbulence • improved stability and transport • Simple geometry • only diagmagnetic currents • easier design and maintenance • Linear unrestricted divertor • facilitates impurity, ash and power removal COMMITTE ON A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR U.S. BURNING PLASMA RESEARCH | FEBRUARY 2018 3 Goals, Issues and Initiatives for FRC Research FESAC TAP report (2008) & ReNeW (2009) Long-range mission • Develop compact (high-β) reactor without toroidal field coils or a central solenoid ITER era goal • Achieve stable, long-pulse keV plasmas with favorable confinement scaling Key issues • Is global stability possible at large s (a/ρi ≥ 30) with low collisionality? • What governs energy transport and can it be reduced at high temperature? • Is energy-efficient sustainment possible at large-s and with good confinement? • Theory and simulation challenges (high-β, kinetic effects, transport) Suggested possible initiatives • Build larger facility with rotating magnetic fields or neutral beam injection (NBI) • Develop comprehensive diagnostics suite (profiles, fluctuations, …) COMMITTE ON A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR U.S.
  • Fusion Public Meeting Slides-03302021-FINAL

    Fusion Public Meeting Slides-03302021-FINAL

    TitleDeveloping Lorem a Regulatory Ipsum Framework for Fusion Energy Systems March 30, 2021 Agenda Time Topic Speaker(s) 12:30-12:40pm Introduction/Opening Remarks NRC Discussion on NAS Report “Key Goals and Innovations Needed for a U.S. Fusion Jennifer Uhle (NEI) 12:40-1:10pm Pilot Plant” Rich Hawryluk (PPPL) Social License and Ethical Review of Fusion: Methods to Achieve Social Seth Hoedl (PRF) 1:10-1:40pm Acceptance Developers Perspectives on Potential Hazards, Consequences, and Regulatory Frameworks for Commercial Deployment: • Fusion Industry Association - Industry Remarks Andrew Holland (FIA) 1:40-2:40pm • TAE – Regulatory Insights Michl Binderbauer (TAE) • Commonwealth Fusion Systems – Fusion Technology and Radiological Bob Mumgaard (CFS) Hazards 2:40-2:50pm Break 2:50-3:10pm Licensing and Regulating Byproduct Materials by the NRC and Agreement States NRC Discussions of Possible Frameworks for Licensing/Regulating Commercial Fusion • NRC Perspectives – Byproduct Approach NRC/OAS 3:10-4:10pm • NRC Perspectives – Hybrid Approach NRC • Industry Perspectives - Hybrid Approach Sachin Desai (Hogan Lovells) 4:10-4:30pm Next Steps/Questions All Public Meeting Format The Commission recently revised its policy statement on how the agency conducts public meetings (ADAMS No.: ML21050A046). NRC Public Website - Fusion https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/advanced/fusion-energy.html NAS Report “Key Goals and Innovations Needed for a U.S. Fusion Pilot Plant” Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid R. J. Hawryluk J. Uhle D. Roop D. Whyte March 30, 2021 Committee Composition Richard J. Brenda L. Garcia-Diaz Gerald L. Kathryn A. Per F. Peterson (NAE) Jeffrey P. Hawryluk (Chair) Savannah River National Kulcinski (NAE) McCarthy (NAE) University of California, Quintenz Princeton Plasma Laboratory University of Oak Ridge National Berkeley/ Kairos Power TechSource, Inc.
  • On TAE's Path to Fusion

    On TAE's Path to Fusion

    On TAE’s Path to Fusion A Private-Sector Perspective Michl Binderbauer | President & CTO | TAE Technologies Committee on aCOMMITTE Strategic ON Plan A STRATEGIC for US Burning PLAN FOR Plasma U.S. BURNING Research, PLASMA General RESEARCH Atomic, | FEBRUARY Feb 26-28, 2018 2018 1 Agenda • Concept, Motivation and History • Key Past Program Accomplishments • Current Status and Next Steps • Overall Perspective Forward – Public-Private Partnership COMMITTE ON A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR U.S. BURNING PLASMA RESEARCH | FEBRUARY 2018 2 TAE Concept Advanced beam driven FRC • High plasma β~1 • compact and high power density • aneutronic fuel capability • indigenous kinetic particles • Tangential high-energy beam injection • large orbit ion population decouples from micro-turbulence • improved stability and transport • Simple geometry • only diagmagnetic currents • easier design and maintenance • Linear unrestricted divertor • facilitates impurity, ash and power removal COMMITTE ON A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR U.S. BURNING PLASMA RESEARCH | FEBRUARY 2018 3 Goals, Issues and Initiatives for FRC Research FESAC TAP report (2008) & ReNeW (2009) Long-range mission • Develop compact (high-β) reactor without toroidal field coils or a central solenoid ITER era goal • Achieve stable, long-pulse keV plasmas with favorable confinement scaling Key issues • Is global stability possible at large s (a/ρi ≥ 30) with low collisionality? • What governs energy transport and can it be reduced at high temperature? • Is energy-efficient sustainment possible at large-s and with good confinement? • Theory and simulation challenges (high-β, kinetic effects, transport) Suggested possible initiatives • Build larger facility with rotating magnetic fields or neutral beam injection (NBI) • Develop comprehensive diagnostics suite (profiles, fluctuations, …) COMMITTE ON A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR U.S.
  • Nuclear Fusion As a Solution to Energy Needs Gerencia De Riesgos Y Seguros

    Nuclear Fusion As a Solution to Energy Needs Gerencia De Riesgos Y Seguros

    Nuclear Fusion as a Solution to Energy Needs gerencia de riesgos y seguros Nuclear Fusion as a Solution to Energy Needs Society needs new options to sustainably meet the population’s growing demand for energy. With this objective, researchers worldwide have been working for decades to create fusion power, which is a massive, sustainable source of energy that is a veritable scientific and technological challenge. However, industrial production and commercialization of this power source may not be achieved until the second half of this century. “The search for sources of energy goes back to the dawn of the human race,” acknowledges Carlos Hidalgo, head of the Experimental Physics Division at the National Fusion Laboratory at CIEMAT (Center for Energy, Environmental, and Technological Research). The current problem is that people’s needs have multiplied by a factor of 100 throughout history. And advances in this field of research have caused radical changes in our society. In fact, experts estimate that humans’ demand for primary energy will have grown 25% by 2040 and will be close to doubling by the end of the century. These predicted scenarios will require an investment of more than 2 trillion dollars per year in new energy sources according to the World Energy Outlook 2018, published by the International Energy Agency. If this amount is not invested and a viable solution is not found, it could lead to a large-scale energy crisis. Against this backdrop, fusion power stands out as the principal energy source of tomorrow: clean, safe, and, in theory, limitless. Yet, Hidalgo urges caution as “the need for new strategies to generate, convert, and store power represents a colossal challenge,” while the dynamics of energy markets are increasingly impacted by the exponential growth of the population and demand.
  • Focus Fusion Poses Overwhelming Competition To

    Focus Fusion Poses Overwhelming Competition To

    Focus Fusion poses overwhelming competition to $10 billion Tokamak Purports to be a far more feasible and profoundly less expensive approach to hot fusion, in contrast to what the international project (ITER) in France is pursuing. Lawrenceville Plasma Physics is currently researching and developing the Plasma Focus Device for hydrogen-boron nuclear fusion. No response from ITER. Nov. 2, 2005 Primary Grid Power Potential (Source) Focus Fusion poses overwhelming competition to Tokamak Purports to be a far more feasible and profoundly less expensive approach to hot fusion, in contrast to what the international project (ITER) in France is pursuing. Lawrenceville Plasma Physics is currently researching and developing the Plasma Focus Device for hydrogen-boron nuclear fusion. by Sterling D. Allan Open Source Energy News -- Exclusive Interview (Listen to anchor, Charlee Redman introduce this story) WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, USA -- Imagine a non-polluting power plant, the size of a local gas station, that would quietly and safely power 4,000 homes, for a few tenths of a penny per kilowatt-hour, compared to 4-6 cents/kw-h of coal or natural-gas-powered plants. One technician could operate two dozen of these stations remotely. The fuel, widely available, is barely spent in the clean fusion method, and would only need to be changed annually. That is what inventor Eric Lerner envisions with his focus fusion technology in which hydrogen and boron combine into helium, while giving off tremendous amounts of energy in the process. The size and power output would make it ideal for providing localized power, reducing transmission losses and large-grid vulnerabilities.
  • The Big Bang Never Happened: a Startling Refutation of the Dominant Theory of the Origin of the Universe

    The Big Bang Never Happened: a Startling Refutation of the Dominant Theory of the Origin of the Universe

    http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Cosmo/bang.txt Is the Big Bang a Bust? The Big Bang Never Happened: A Startling Refutation of the Dominant Theory of the Origin of the Universe. By Eric Lerner New York: Random House, 1991, 466 pp. Cloth, $21.95. Victor J. Stenger Published in Skeptical Inquirer 16, 412, Summer 1992. Normally the refutation of a dominant scientific Comment [GB1]: Although the Big Bang Theory (BBT) is such a great embarrassment to many theory takes place on the pages of a scientific journal. scientists and much of the public, it persists within a philosophical milieu that has gotten, if anything, But strange things are happening in science these days, even more regressive during the 16 years since this critique of plasma cosmology was published. Papers as a Nobel laureate admits to publishing falsified data, that criticize Einstein’s relativity or the BBT great research universities are accused of misspending, generally are rejected by mainstream “scientific journals” that commonly publish all sorts of and wacky claims like cold fusion are announced by press nonsense (string theory, parallel universes, etc.) that does not contradict those theories directly. One conference. News magazines proclaim that science is in needs to reread Kuhn’s “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions” to get an idea of what is going on here trouble, so it must be so. The scientific establishment and why the gate keepers of conventional cosmology has been smug and complacent for too long. It's high will not be refuting the BBT in their highly respected, peer -reviewed journals any time soon .