Fungal Nanobionics: Principles and Applications Ram Prasad • Vivek Kumar Manoj Kumar • Shanquan Wang Editors

Fungal Nanobionics: Principles and Applications Editors Ram Prasad Vivek Kumar School of Environmental Science Himalayan School of Biosciences and Engineering Swami Rama Himalayan University Sun Yat-Sen University Dehradun, India Guangzhou, China Shanquan Wang Amity Institute of Microbial Technology School of Civil and Environmental Amity University Engineering Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Manoj Kumar School of Life Sciences Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi, India

ISBN 978-981-10-8665-6 ISBN 978-981-10-8666-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8666-3

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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword

In the twentieth century, humans acquired skills to connect fungi to protect human health (through antibiotics, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive agents, etc.), which led industrial scale production of enzymes, alkaloids, detergents, acids, biosurfac- tants, etc. With the establishment of modern nanotechnology in the 1980s, fungal- based innovations continued to excite by providing greener (non-toxic, eco-friendly, cost effective, non-hazardous and sustainable route) alternative to chemically syn- thesized nanoparticles. The merger of antibacterial and antifungal assets, coupled with their intrinsic “green” and facile synthesis, makes smart biogenic nanostruc- tures for future applications in nanomedicine ranging from topical ointments and bandages for wound healing to coated stents. The present book on Fungal Nanobionics: Principle and Applications is a very timely publication, which intends to provide state-of-art information in the area of nanotechnology, broadly involving fungal-based innovation and applications. The book comprises twelve chapters. The first chapter by Cotica et al. reviews nanobiocomposites: synthesis and environmental applications in the development of processes and methods for remediation and monitoring of systems contaminated with chemical wastes. Chapter 2 highlights the increased productivity and eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi for applications in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries presented by El Enshasy et al. In Chap. 3, Abdel-Aziz et al. described microorganisms have a promising role in biosynthesis of nanoparticles, especially fungi secrete enzymes and proteins as reducing agents which can be used for synthesis of metal nanoparticles from metal salts with great significance. Chapter 4 highlights the potential of fungus-originated nanomaterials in mycoremediation of waste and toxic materials discussed by Gholami-Shabani et al. In Chap. 5, Romero et al. highlighted on the potential of biogenic metal nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent, other potential applications such as their cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and several biomedical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Chapter 6 highlighted on recent advances in biomedical applications of chitosan and its functional nano-derivatives by Rajkumari and Siddhardha. In Chap. 7, Salvadori et al. approach new perspectives for the biosynthesis of nanomaterials by fungal dead biomass, and at the same time it has the advantage to be a

v vi Foreword low-cost effective bioremediation process. In Chap. 8, Boddula et al. emphasized on nanofabrication as the future of metal nanoparticles processing for its wide scale practical and industrial applications. In Chap. 9, Shasmita et al. described a compre- hensive explanation of the strategies used for increasing the production of secondary metabolites in different in vitro culture system through fungal elicitors. Siddhardha and Parasuraman discussed that fungal-mediated synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles is cost effective, ecofriendly and fabricated material enhances the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy in Chap. 10. Pandey and Tiwari presented an overview of fungal nanobiotechnology and its application in targeted drug delivery, bio-sensing and development of drugs with enhanced efficiency in Chap. 11. Roy et al. discussed the mycosynthesized nanoparticles and the mecha- nistic approach involved in the synthesis, the reduction of metal ions in developing low-cost techniques and recovery of nanoparticles. Finally, the application of nanoparticles in food processing industries, i.e. antimicrobial mechanisms etc., has also been mentioned in Chap. 12. Overall, it is a great effort by Dr. Ram Prasad, his editorial team and experts from ten countries to make this highly resourceful, up-to-date and worthwhile unique book for the students, researchers, scientists and academician in the field of cutting- edge microbial nanotechnology. I hope that readers will find this book highly useful and interesting in fungal nanotechnology field.

Distinguished Scientist Ashok Pandey Centre for Innovation and Translational Research CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Lucknow, India

Professor Ashok Pandey is currently Distinguished Scientist at CSIR–Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India, and Honorary Executive Director at the Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, India (www.cees.in). Formerly, he was Eminent Scientist at the Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, and Chief Scientist & Head of Biotechnology Division at CSIR’s National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology at Trivandrum. His major research and technological development interests are in industrial and environmental biotechnology, which span over biomass to fuels & chemicals, waste to wealth/energy, industrial enzymes, solid-state fermentation, etc. Professor Pandey has ~1250 publications/communications, which include 16 patents, 60 books, ~615 papers and book chapters, etc. with h index of 87 and >32,000 Foreword vii

citations (Goggle Scholar). He is the recipient of many national and international awards and fellowships. Professor Pandey is Founder President of the Biotech Research Society, India (www.brsi.in) and is currently International Coordinator of International Bioprocessing Association (www.ifibiop.org), and Chairman of the International Society for Energy, Environment & Sustainability (www.isees.in). Professor Pandey is Editor-in-Chief of Bioresource Technology, Honorary Executive Advisors of Journal of Water Sustainability and Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Subject editor of Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (India) and editorial board member of several international and Indian journals. Preface

The use of fungi to synthesize functional nanoparticles has been of great interest. Fungi can change the oxidation state of metals, and these fungal processes have opened up new opportunities for us to explore novel applications, for example, the biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials. In contrast to chemical and physical methods, microbial processes for synthesizing nanomaterials can be achieved in aqueous phase under gentle and eco-friendly benign conditions. This approach has become an attractive focus in current green bionanotechnology research toward resource- efficient and sustainable development. The book covers the synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi, the mechanism involved in such biosynthesis, and a unique template for synthesis of tailored nanoparticles targeted at therapeutics, diagnostics, bioremediation, agriculture, and industries. This book should be immensely useful to biological sciences specially microbiologists, nanotechnologists, researchers, technocrats, and scientists of fungal nanobiotechnology. We have honored that the leading scientists who have extensive, in-depth experience and expertise in fungal system and nanotechnology took the time and effort to develop these outstanding chapters. Each chapter is written by internationally recognized researchers/scientists so the reader is given an up-to-date and detailed account of our knowledge of the nanobiotechnology and innumerable applications of fungi. We are indebted to the many people who helped to bring this book to light. Editors wish to thank Dr. Mamta Kapila, Senior Editor, Springer; Mr. Ramkumar John, Project Coordinator, Springer Nature; and Ms. Ishrath Ara, Project Manager, SPi Global for generous assistance, constant support, and patience in initializing the volume. Dr. Ram Prasad gives special thanks to his exquisite wife Dr. Avita for her constant support and motivations in putting everything together. Dr. Prasad in particular is very thankful to Professor Ajit Varma, Amity University, for constant

ix x Preface encouragement. He also gives special thanks to his esteemed friends and well-wishers and all faculty colleagues of School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, China, and AIMT, Amity University, India.

Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Ram Prasad Amity University, Noida, India Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India Vivek Kumar Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India Manoj Kumar Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Shanquan Wang Contents

1 Nanobiocomposites: Synthesis and Environmental Applications �� 1 Luiz Fernando Cotica, Adriana Garcia, Andressa Domingos Polli, Raquel Dosciatti Bini, Thaís de Chaves, Verci Alves de Oliveira Junior, and João Alencar Pamphile 2 Medical and Cosmetic Applications of Fungal Nanotechnology: Production, Characterization, and Bioactivity �� 21 Hesham A. El Enshasy, Nagib A. El Marzugi, Elsayed A. Elsayed, Ong Mei Ling, Roslinda Abd Malek, Afif Najiha Kepli, Nor Zalina Othman, and Solleh Ramli 3 Fungal Nanoparticles: A Novel Tool for a Green Biotechnology? �� 61 Shadia M. Abdel-Aziz, Ram Prasad, Ahmed A. Hamed, and Mohamed Abdelraof 4 Application of Nanotechnology in Mycoremediation: Current Status and Future Prospects �� 89 Mohammadhassan Gholami-Shabani, Zeynab Gholami-Shabani, Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi, and Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh 5 Fungal Nanotechnology: A New Approach Toward Efficient Biotechnology Application �� 117 Cintia Mariana Romero, Analía Alvarez, María Alejandra Martínez, and Silvina Chaves 6 Advances in Biomedical Application of Chitosan and Its Functionalized Nano-derivatives �� 145 Jobina Rajkumari and Siddhardha Busi 7 Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles via Fungal Dead Biomass in Industrial Bioremediation Process �� 165 Marcia Regina Salvadori, Rômulo Augusto Ando, Cláudio Augusto Oller Nascimento, and Benedito Corrêa

xi xii Contents

8 Nanofabrication of Myconanoparticles: A Future Prospect �� 201 Rajender Boddula, Priyanka Dubey, Saurabh Gautam, Ramyakrishna Pothu, and Aditya Saran 9 In Vitro Secondary Metabolite Production Through Fungal Elicitation: An Approach for Sustainability �� 215 Shasmita, Nihar Ranjan Singh, Sakti Kanta Rath, Shashikanta Behera, and Soumendra Kumar Naik 10 Metal and Metal Oxide Mycogenic Nanoparticles and Their Application As Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agents �� 243 Siddhardha Busi and Parasuraman Paramanantham 11 Applications of Fungal Nanobiotechnology in Drug Development �� 273 Kanti Bhooshan Pandey and Brahm Kumar Tiwari 12 Mycosynthesized Nanoparticles: Role in Food Processing Industries �� 287 Lakshmishri Roy, Debabrata Bera, and Sunita Adak Editors and Contributors

About the Editors

Dr. Ram Prasad is associated with Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India since 2005. His research interest includes plant-microbe-interactions, sustainable agriculture and microbial nanobiotechnology. Dr. Prasad has more than hundred publications to his credit, including research papers, review articles and book chapters and five patents issued or pending, and edited or authored several books. Dr. Prasad has 12 years of teaching experience, and he has been awarded the Young Scientist Award (2007) and Prof. J.S. Datta Munshi Gold Medal (2009) by the International Society for Ecological Communications; FSAB fellowship (2010) by the Society for Applied Biotechnology; the American Cancer Society UICC International Fellowship for Beginning Investigators, USA (2014); Outstanding Scientist Award (2015) in the field of Microbiology by Venus International Foundation; BRICPL Science Investigator Award (ICAABT-2017) and Research Excellence Award (2018). Previously, Dr. Prasad served as Visiting Assistant Professor, Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University, USA, and presently, working as Research Associate Professor at School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

xiii xiv Editors and Contributors

Dr. Vivek Kumar is Associate Professor, involved in teaching, research and guidance with a pledge to enduring knowledge. Dr. Kumar works at Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, India. He obtained his master’s and doctoral degrees from CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. He currently serves on the editorial boards of many promi- nent international journals, viz., Environment Asia, International Journal of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Environmental Sustainability, Journal of Advanced Botany and Zoology and Journal of Ecobiotechnology. He is also a reviewer for many prestigious journals such as Journal of Hazardous Materials, Environmental Sustainability, Science International, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, Environment Science & Pollution Research and Rhizosphere. He has more than 100 publications to his credit, including research papers, review articles, book chapters, and also edited several Springer books. Dr. Kumar also served as a Microbiologist for 8 years at the Department of Soil and Water Research, Public Authority of Agricultural Affairs & Fish Resources, Kuwait. He has been credited with first time reporting and identification of Pink Rot inflorescence disease of date palm in Kuwait caused by Serratia marcescens. He has been awarded ‘Young Scientist Award’ for the year 2002 in ‘Agricultural Microbiology’ by the Association of Microbiologists of India (AMI). Dr. Kumar’s research areas are plant-microbe-interactions, environmental microbiology and bioremediation. He has also organized various outreach activities.

Dr. Manoj Kumar is a scientist with sanguine behav- ior who is adoring about research and development, with a commitment to lifelong learning. He is determined on high quality science that contributes broadly to both increasing intellectual knowledge of plant development and to increasing the ecological niche. He has a high level of professional desire and intellectual hunt, and the potential to fulfil the dream of his high impact publications and the future recognition of these by academic peers. Dr. Kumar has pursued his Ph.D. in Plant Biotechnology from prestigious Editors and Contributors xv

Jawaharlal Nehru University and then awarded two postdoctoral fellowships consecutively: DBT-PDF from IISc Bangalore in 2005 and then NRF-PDF from University of Pretoria and Melbourne. Presently, Dr. Kumar is working as Associate Professor and Head of School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India. He is leading a diverse research group in Life Sciences supported by DBT- BUILDER program, Ministry of Sciences and Technology, Govt. of India. He referees for many more, including Phytoremediation, Journal of Soil Sediments and many more. Dr. Kumar’s research is the integration of microbial genetics with a breadth of plant physio- logical approaches to enable novel gene discovery and conferring metabolites.

Dr. Shanquan Wang (ALAN) is Associate Professor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, from 01/2016 to till date. His area of research focus is on environmental microbiology, especially on organohalide- respiring bacteria and their conversion of halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). He integrates microbial cultivation, metagenomics, molecular techniques and bioreactor operation to gain fundamental insights of our complex biosystems (e.g. bioremediation sites and anaerobic digesters), specifically from molecular-, cellular-, community- to system-levels. The generated knowledge on these reductive processes will be further employed to devise novel methods, techniques and products for our environmental engineering purposes. xvi Editors and Contributors

Contributors

Shadia M. Abdel-Aziz Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Mohamed Abdelraof Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Sunita Adak Biotecnika Info Labs Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India Analía Alvarez Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina Rômulo Augusto Ando Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Shashikanta Behera Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India Debabrata Bera Department of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India Raquel Dosciatti Bini Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil Rajender Boddula CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Siddhardha Busi Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India Silvina Chaves Instituto de Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada. (IMMCA) CONICET-UNT-SIPROSA, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina Thaís de Chaves Environmental Biotechnology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil Benedito Corrêa Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Micotoxins, 249 – Biomedical Institute – II, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Luiz Fernando Cotica Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil Verci Alves de Oliveira Junior Environmental Biotechnology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil Priyanka Dubey Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India Editors and Contributors xvii

Hesham A. El Enshasy Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia City of Scientific Research and Scientific Applications, Alexandria, Egypt Nagib A. El Marzugi Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya Elsayed A. Elsayed Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt Adriana Garcia Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil Saurabh Gautam Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany Mohammadhassan Gholami-Shabani Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Zeynab Gholami-Shabani Faculty of Aerospace, Science and Research Campus, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ahmed A. Hamed Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt Afif Najiha Kepli Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Ong Mei Ling Harita Go Green Sdn Bhd, Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia Roslinda Abd Malek Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia María Alejandra Martínez Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina Soumendra Kumar Naik Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India Cláudio Augusto Oller Nascimento Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Nor Zalina Othman Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia João Alencar Pamphile Environmental Biotechnology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil xviii Editors and Contributors

Kanti Bhooshan Pandey CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India Parasuraman Paramanantham Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India Andressa Domingos Polli Environmental Biotechnology Program, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil Ramyakrishna Pothu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China Ram Prasad School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Jobina Rajkumari Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India Solleh Ramli Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Sakti Kanta Rath Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Cintia Mariana Romero Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina Lakshmishri Roy Department of Food Technology, Techno India, Kolkata, India Marcia Regina Salvadori Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Micotoxins, 249 – Biomedical Institute – II, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Aditya Saran Department of Microbiology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, India Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Mycology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Shasmita Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India Nihar Ranjan Singh Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India Brahm Kumar Tiwari I.T.S Paramedical College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India