DOCSLIB.ORG

Campsite Impact in the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Thirty Years of Change

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Campsite Impact in the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Thirty Years of Change National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Campsite Impact in the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Thirty Years of Change Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SEKI/NRTR—2013/665 ON THE COVER Examples of campsites surveyed in the late 1970s and again in 2006-2007. In a clockwise direction, these sites are in the Striped Mountain, Woods Creek, Sugarloaf, and Upper Big Arroyo areas in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Photographs by: Sandy Graban and Bob Kenan, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Campsite Impact in the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Thirty Years of Change Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SEKI/NRTR—2013/665 David N. Cole and David J. Parsons Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station 790 East Beckwith Avenue Missoula, Montana 59801 January 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks website (http://www.nps.gov/seki/index.htm) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). Please cite this publication as: Cole, D. N. and D. J. Parsons. 2013. Campsite impact in the wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Thirty years of change. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SEKI/NRTR—2013/665. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 102/119561, January 2013 ii Contents Page Figures............................................................................................................................................ iv Tables ........................................................................................................................................... viii Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ xiii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Study Area ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Visitor Use ............................................................................................................................... 3 Visitor Use Management ......................................................................................................... 7 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 9 The Initial Survey, 1976-1981 ................................................................................................. 9 The Repeat Survey, 2006-2007 ............................................................................................. 13 Field Trips and Interviews ..................................................................................................... 16 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 16 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Campsite Conditions in 2006-2007 ....................................................................................... 19 Number and Condition of Campsites ................................................................................ 21 Variation in Campsite Number and Condition ................................................................. 22 Change in Campsite Conditions since the 1970s ................................................................... 31 Variation in Campsite Number and Condition ................................................................. 34 Why Some Subzones Improved More Than Others ......................................................... 41 Study Limitations .......................................................................................................................... 45 Discussion and Management Implications ................................................................................... 47 iii Contents (continued) Page Why Have Conditions Improved So Much? .......................................................................... 48 Amount of Use .................................................................................................................. 48 Distribution of Use ............................................................................................................ 49 Visitor Behavior ................................................................................................................ 50 Campsite Management Implemented By Wilderness Rangers ......................................... 51 Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 52 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 55 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 57 iv Figures Page Figure 1. Trends in wilderness use, as reported on wilderness permits. ........................................ 4 Figure 2. Map of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks showing the subzones that were inventoried in 2006-2007 .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 3. Class 1 site that is barely noticeable. ............................................................................ 20 Figure 4. Class1 site with vegetation loss and a firepit. ............................................................... 20 Figure 5. Class 2 site with a substantial central area lacking vegetation. .................................... 20 Figure 6. Class 3 site without vegetation, litter or duff. ............................................................... 20 Figure 7. Class 4 site with widespread severe impact. ................................................................. 20 Figure 8. Variation in campsite impact with distance from water, 2006-2007 (mean weighted value and standard error). .............................................................................................. 22 Figure 9. Differences in campsite impact between overstory types, 2006-2007 (mean weighted value and standard error). .............................................................................................. 23 Figure 10. Differences in campsite impact between forest overstory cover classes, 2006-2007 (mean weighted value and standard error). ................................................................ 24 Figure 11. Differences in campsite impact between understory types, 2006-2007 (mean weighted value and standard error). ................................................................................... 24 Figure 12. Variation in campsite impact with distance from food storage lockers, 2006-2007 (mean weighted value and standard error). ................................................................ 26 Figure 13. Variation in campsite impact with firewood availability, 2006-2007 (mean weighted value and standard error). .............................................................................................. 27 Figure 14. Variation in campsite impact with evidence of stock impact, 2006-2007 (mean weighted value and standard
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Campsite Impact in the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Thirty Years of Change
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Campsite Impact in the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Thirty Years of Change Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SEKI/NRTR—2013/665 ON THE COVER Examples of campsites surveyed in the late 1970s and again in 2006-2007. In a clockwise direction, these sites are in the Striped Mountain, Woods Creek, Sugarloaf, and Upper Big Arroyo areas in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Photographs by: Sandy Graban and Bob Kenan, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Campsite Impact in the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Thirty Years of Change Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SEKI/NRTR—2013/665 David N. Cole and David J. Parsons Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station 790 East Beckwith Avenue Missoula, Montana 59801 January 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontispiece the 1864 Field Party of the California Geological Survey
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC ROAD GUIDE TO KINGS CANYON AND SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARKS, CENTRAL SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA By James G. Moore, Warren J. Nokleberg, and Thomas W. Sisson* Open-File Report 94-650 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. * Menlo Park, CA 94025 Frontispiece The 1864 field party of the California Geological Survey. From left to right: James T. Gardiner, Richard D. Cotter, William H. Brewer, and Clarence King. INTRODUCTION This field trip guide includes road logs for the three principal roadways on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada that are adjacent to, or pass through, parts of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (Figs. 1,2, 3). The roads include State Route 180 from Fresno to Cedar Grove in Kings Canyon Park (the Kings Canyon Highway), State Route 198 from Visalia to Sequoia Park ending near Grant Grove (the Generals Highway) and the Mineral King road (county route 375) from State Route 198 near Three Rivers to Mineral King. These roads provide a good overview of this part of the Sierra Nevada which lies in the middle of a 250 km span over which no roads completely cross the range. The Kings Canyon highway penetrates about three-quarters of the distance across the range and the State Route 198~Mineral King road traverses about one-half the distance (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Symposium: Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Science Symposium: Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks November 9-10, 2016 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of symposium participants listening to a talk at Saint Anthony Retreat, Three Rivers, California. ON THE COVER Photographs from top left to bottom right: Bullfrog Lake from Kearsarge Pass, Kings Canyon NP (Joan Dudney); Crescent Meadow, Sequoia NP (Evan Wolf); burned forest in Yosemite National Park’s Illilouette Creek Basin (Scott Stephens); Sierra Bighorn Sheep ewe being released (California Department of Fish and Wildlife); and mountain yellow-legged frogs (Roland Knapp). Science Symposium: Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks November 9-10, 2016 National Park Service Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks 47050 Generals Highway Three Rivers, California 93271 This report is available in digital format from: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2238518. Please cite this report as: National Park Service. 2017. Science Symposium: Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. November 9-10, 2016. Three Rivers, California. Linda Mutch (Sierra Nevada Network) and Koren Nydick, Ginger Bradshaw, and Theresa Fiorino (Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks) compiled and edited this report. i Contents Page Figures ................................................................................................................................................... vi Photographs ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stock Users Guide to the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks a Tool for Planning Stock-Supported Wilderness Trips
    Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior National Parks Stock Users Guide to the Wilderness of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks A tool for planning stock-supported wilderness trips SEQUOIA & KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARKS Wilderness Office 47050 Generals Highway Three Rivers, California 93271 559-565-3766 [email protected] www.nps.gov/seki/planyourvisit/wilderness.htm Revised May 6th, 2021 EAST CREEK .............................................................................. 19 TABLE OF CONTENTS SPHINX CREEK .......................................................................... 19 INTRO TO GUIDE ........................................................................ 2 ROARING RIVER ....................................................................... 19 LAYOUT OF THE GUIDE............................................................. 3 CLOUD CANYON ....................................................................... 20 STOCK USE & GRAZING RESTRICTIONS: DEADMAN CANYON ................................................................ 20 KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARK .................................... 4 SUGARLOAF AND FERGUSON CREEKS ................................. 21 SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK ................................................ 6 CLOVER AND SILLIMAN CREEKS .......................................... 23 MINIMUM IMPACT STOCK USE ................................................ 8 LONE PINE CREEK .................................................................... 23 MINIMUM
    [Show full text]
  • SIGHTS, SITES, and CITATIONS: RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS by the YOSEMITE RESEARCH CENTER W
    SIGHTS, SITES, AND CITATIONS: RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS BY THE YOSEMITE RESEARCH CENTER w. Joseph Mundy Yosemite Research Center P.O. Box 700 El Portal, CA 95318 ABSTRACT In addition to being scenic focal points, Yosemite and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks are also areas in which the Park Service balances its construction programs with its preservation values. Over a period of several years, millions of dollars are being funneled into construction efforts in the parks. Since 1984, such construction has mandated 12 major archaeological surveys, 11 excavation projects, and three large scale construction monitoring efforts, as well as numerous data updates and smaller cul­ tural resources management compliance surveys. with site avoidance the most implemented option, the archaeological work still includes the full gamut of treatments -- from initial discovery and recording, to testing, mitigative excavation, and construction impact monitoring. As an introduction to other papers from Yosemite, the major observations and findings of recent archaeological work are reviewed with an emphasis on informational highlights. Plans for future synthetic studies and other projects planned by the Yosemite Research Center are also discussed. INTRODUCTIONI There are several papers from the Yosemite Research Center in this volume. This paper will be somewhat intro­ ductory to the others, and will discuss some of the projects undertaken by the Research Center in recent years. The Center is located in El Portal, in the Merced River canyon, at the western edge of Yosemite National Park. The archaeology staff shares the Yosemite Research Center with the Park's natural science staff, who are currently involved in the development of a computerized geographic information system for Yosemite, a fire dynamics study, and radio tracking of the recently reintroduced Bighorn sheep herd.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteer of Surface Waters of California
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTI8 SMITH, DIEECTOE WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 296 GAZETTEER OF SURFACE WATERS OF CALIFORNIA PART II. SAN JOAQUIN RIVER BASIN PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OP JOHN C. HOYT BY B. D. WOOD In cooperation with the State Water Commission and the Conservation Commission of the State of California WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912 NOTE. A complete list of the gaging stations maintained in the San Joaquin River basin from 1888 to July 1, 1912, is presented on pages 100-102. 2 GAZETTEER OF SURFACE WATERS IN SAN JOAQUIN RIYER BASIN, CALIFORNIA. By B. D. WOOD. INTRODUCTION. This gazetteer is the second of a series of reports on the* surf ace waters of California prepared by the United States Geological Survey under cooperative agreement with the State of California as repre­ sented by the State Conservation Commission, George C. Pardee, chairman; Francis Cuttle; and J. P. Baumgartner, and by the State Water Commission, Hiram W. Johnson, governor; Charles D. Marx, chairman; S. C. Graham; Harold T. Powers; and W. F. McClure. Louis R. Glavis is secretary of both commissions. The reports are to be published as Water-Supply Papers 295 to 300 and will bear the fol­ lowing titles: 295. Gazetteer of surface waters of California, Part I, Sacramento River basin. 296. Gazetteer of surface waters of California, Part II, San Joaquin River basin. 297. Gazetteer of surface waters of California, Part III, Great Basin and Pacific coast streams. 298. Water resources of California, Part I, Stream measurements in the Sacramento River basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenge of the Big Trees
    Challenge of the Big Trees Challenge of the Big Trees CHALLENGE OF THE BIG TREES Lary M. Dilsaver and William C. Tweed ©1990, Sequoia Natural History Association, Inc. CONTENTS NEXT >>> Challenge of the Big Trees ©1990, Sequoia Natural History Association dilsaver-tweed/index.htm — 12-Jul-2004 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/dilsaver-tweed/index.htm[7/2/2012 5:14:17 PM] Challenge of the Big Trees (Table of Contents) Challenge of the Big Trees Table of Contents COVER LIST OF MAPS LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS FOREWORD PREFACE CHAPTER ONE: The Natural World of the Southern Sierra CHAPTER TWO: The Native Americans and the Land CHAPTER THREE: Exploration and Exploitation (1850-1885) CHAPTER FOUR: Parks and Forests: Protection Begins (1885-1916) CHAPTER FIVE: Selling Sequoia: The Early Park Service Years (1916-1931) CHAPTER SIX: Colonel John White and Preservation in Sequoia National Park (1931- 1947) CHAPTER SEVEN: Two Battles For Kings Canyon (1931-1947) CHAPTER EIGHT: Controlling Development: How Much is Too Much? (1947-1972) CHAPTER NINE: New Directions and A Second Century (1972-1990) APPENDIX A: Visitation Statistics, 1891-1988 APPENDIX B: Superintendents of Sequoia, General Grant, and Kings Canyon National Parks NOTES TO CHAPTERS PUBLISHED SOURCES ARCHIVAL RESOURCES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INDEX (omitted from online edition) ABOUT THE AUTHORS http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/dilsaver-tweed/contents.htm[7/2/2012 5:14:22 PM] Challenge of the Big Trees (Table of Contents) List of Maps 1. Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks and Vicinity 2. Important Place Names of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks 3.
    [Show full text]
  • John Muir Trail: Southbound to Mount Whitney
    John Muir Trail: Southbound to Mount Whitney 17 Days John Muir Trail: Southbound to Mount Whitney Venture out on this exclusive trekking expedition set in the high Sierra Nevada, covering the southern half of the 212-mile-long John Muir Trail, from Lake Florence southward Mount Whitney (14,505'), the highest peak in the continental United States. On this fully supported epic trip along what National Geographic Adventure claims as one of the "top ten trails on the planet," camp along mountain lakes, traverse mountain passes, and marvel at wildflower-dotted meadows. Once you've hiked the trail's southern part, be inspired to come back to tackle the northern half! Details Testimonials Arrive: Fresno, California "This was the most challenging hike I have ever experienced. I was not sure if I could do it once we Depart: Fresno, California were on the trail, but the guides kept us going and encouraged us when needed." Duration: 17 Days Donna B. Group Size: 6-11 Guests “I've been on quite a number of long high altitude Minimum Age: 15 Years Old hikes on 5 continents. This was the best equipped, best organized, best provisioned and best led of all of Activity Level: them.” Margaret M. REASON #01 REASON #02 REASON #03 MT Sobek adventurers have This award-winning adventure Hikers traverse the Sierra with claimed this trekking expedition features 24-hour expertise the support of a professional to be the company's most of professional mountaineer packer and mules that transport challenging. It sells out every year! guides who teach you about heavy backpacks and move camp.
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL PARK - CALIFORNIA UNITED STATES Historic Events DEPARTMENT of the Kings INTERIOR 1862 First White Man of Record Entered Area
    I II NATIONAL PARK - CALIFORNIA UNITED STATES Historic Events DEPARTMENT OF THE Kings INTERIOR 1862 First white man of record entered area. Joseph Hardin Thomas discovered the General Grant Tree, then unnamed. HAROLD L. ICKES, Secretary Canyon OPEN NATIONAL 1867 General Grant Tree measured; named by ALL Lucretia P. Baker, member of pioneer YEAR PARK family of the district. CALIFORNIA 1870 First settlers occupied Fallen Monarch MULE DEER ARE SEEN EVERYWHERE huge hollow log. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE IN THE PARK NEWTON B. DRURY, Director 1872 The Gamlin brothers built log house now COKTEi^rs known as Gamlin Pioneer Cabin and INGS CANYON NATIONAL rates the two great South Fork and used as museum. K PARK was created by act of Middle Fork Canyons. The Middle North Dome ........ Cover Congress, March 4,1940. It comprises Fork is reached only by trail by cross­ Cover photo by Laval Co., Inc. 710 square miles of superlative moun­ ing over Granite Pass or Cartridge A Description of Kings Canyon by 1878 Preemption claim surrounding the Gen­ eral Grant Tree surrendered to the Gov­ tain scenery in the heart of the Sierra Pass, by traversing the 12,000-foot John Muir (1838-1914) .... 4 ernment by Israel Gamlin. Nevada and three groves of giant se­ Mather Pass on the John Muir Trail, The Groves 6 quoias. In the creation of this park, the or by descending from road end at Forests and Flowers 6 Crabtree Camp on the North Fork of 1890 General Grant National Park (now Gen­ former General Grant National Park, Wildlife 6 eral Grant Grove Section of Kings Can­ with the addition of the Redwood the Kings into Tehipite Valley to Fishing 7 yon National Park) created by act of Mountain area, became the General view the famous Tehipite Dome.
    [Show full text]
  • Peaks and Professors
    Ann Lage • THE PEAKS AND THE PROFESSORS THE PEAKS AND THE PROFESSORS UNIVERSITY NAMES IN THE HIGH SIERRA Ann Lage DURING THE LAST DECADE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, a small group of adven- turesome university students and professors, with ties to both the University of California and Stanford, were spending their summers exploring the High Sierra, climbing its highest peaks, and on occasion bestowing names upon them. Some they named after natural fea- tures of the landscape, some after prominent scientists or family members, and some after their schools and favored professors. The record of their place naming indicates that a friendly rivalry between the Univer- sity of California in Berkeley and the newly established Stanford University in Palo Alto was played out among the highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada, just as it was on the “athletic fields” of the Bay Area during these years. At least two accounts of their Sierra trips provide circum- stantial evidence for a competitive race to the top between a Cal alumnus and professor of engineering, Joseph Nisbet LeConte, and a young Stanford professor of drawing and paint- ing, Bolton Coit Brown. Joseph N. LeConte was the son of professor of geology Joseph LeConte, whose 1870 trip with the “University Excursion Party” to the Yosemite region and meeting with John Muir is recounted elsewhere in this issue.1 “Little Joe,” as he was known, had made family trips to Yosemite as a boy and in 1889 accompanied his father and his students on a trip University Peak, circa 1899. Photograph by Joseph N.
    [Show full text]
  • Peak Bagging
    Peak Bagging: (complete award size: 8" x 6") Program and Awards Offered by the HIGH ADVENTURE TEAM Greater Los Angeles Area Council Boy Scouts of America The High Adventure Team of the Greater Los Angeles Area Council-Boy Scouts of America is a volunteer group of Scouters which operates under the direction of GLAAC-Camping Services. Its mission is to develop and promote outdoor activities within the Council and by its many Units. It conducts training programs, sponsors High Adventure awards, publishes specialized literature such as Hike Aids and The Trail Head and promotes participation in summer camp, in High Adventure activities such as backpacking, peak climbing, and conservation, and in other Council programs. Anyone who is interested in the GLAAC-HAT and its many activities is encouraged to direct an inquiry to the GLAAC-Camping Services or visit our web site at http://www.glaac-hat.org/. The GLAAC-HAT meets on the evening of the first Tuesday of each month at 7:30 pm in the Cushman Watt Scout Center, 2333 Scout Way, Los Angeles, CA 90026. These meetings are open to all Scouters. REVISIONS Jan 2016 General revision. Peak Bagger Peak list: Tom Thorpe removed Mt. San Antonio, added Blackrock Dick Rose Mountain. Mini-Peak Bagger list: removed Dawson Peak and Pine Mountain No. 1. Renamed "Suicide Peak" to "Suicide Rock". Updated "General Requirements" section. Jan 2005 New document incorporating Program Announcements 2 and 3. Prepared by Lyle Whited and composed by John Hainey. (Mt. Markham, summit trail) Peak Bagging Program and Awards
    [Show full text]
  • Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks
    Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks Museum Management Plan Cultural Resources Pacific West Region January 2008 National Park Service U. S. Department of the Interior S o k u To Bishop ee t Piute Pass Cr h F 11423ft p o o 3482m r h k s S i o B u B i th G s h L o A p Pavilion Dome Mount C F 11846ft I E Goethe C ork R r S 3611m D I V 13264ft e a I D e n 4024m k E J Lake oa q Sabrina u McClure Meadow k r i n 9600ft o F 2926m e l d R d Mount Henry Mount i i v 12196ft e Darwin M 3717m r The Hermit 13830ft South L 12360ft 4215m E 3767m Lake Big Pine C G 3985ft DINKEY O O 1215m O P D Hell for Sure Pass E w o N D Mount V s 11297ft A O e t T R McGee n L LAKES 3443m D U s E 12969ft T 3953m I O C C o A N r N Mount Powell WILDERNESS r D B a Y A JOHN l 13361ft I O S V I R N N 4072m Big Bishop Pass Pin k i e Cree v I D e 11972ft r E 3649m C Mount Goddard L r E MUIR e 13568ft Muir Pass e C DUSY North Palisade k 4136m 11955ft O BASIN 3644m N 14242ft Black Giant T E 4341m 13330ft COURTRIGHT JOHN MUIR P Le Conte A WILDERNESS 4063m RESERVOIR L I Canyon S B Charybdis A 395 8720ft ir D Middle Palisade c 13091ft E h 2658m Mount Reinstein 14040ft 3990m C r WILDERNESS CR Cre e 12604ft A ek v ES 4279m i Blackcap 3842m N T R Mountain Y O an INYO d s E 11559ft P N N a g c ir i 3523m C u Tr f n M ail ic i H John K A e isad Creek C N Pal r W T e E s H G D t o D I T d E T E d V r WISHON G a IL a O r O i d S l RESERVOIR R C Mather Pass Split Mountain G R W Finger Peak A Amphitheater 14058ft E 12100ft G S Lake 4285m 12404ft 3688m E 3781m D N U IV P S I C P D E r E
    [Show full text]