COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE Harrison County, Mississippi Community Plan for Pineville Harrison County, Mississippi

March 1, 2007

PREPARED BY The Ohio State University, Knowlton School of Architecture, City and Regional Planning Program

Jennifer Cowley, PhD, AICP, Project Manager Bob Cowell, AICP, Team Leader Sutirtha Das Jung-Chen Huang Radhika Mathur Brent Warren Jennifer Washco Alton Willis

PREPARED FOR The Harrison County Board of Supervisors and the citizens of Pineville

This plan is made possible by funding from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Mississippi Coastal Impact Assistance Program, which is administered by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 APPENDIX A. BACKGROUND 57 Historical Background 57 INTRODUCTION 6 Demographics 62 Purpose 6 Housing Characteristics 68 Description of the Planning Process 7 Land Use and Zoning 74 People 8 Economics 82 Acknowledgements 9 Natural Resources and Regional Connections 84 Organization of the Plan 10 Community Facilities and Resources 99 Infrastructure 104 CHAPTER 1. CONTEXT 14 Utilities 106 Description of the Community 14 History 15 APPENDIX B. DOCUMENTATION OF 113 Regional Context 15 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Background and Current Trends 18 Community Input 20 APPENDIX C. POTENTIAL GRANT FUNDING 145 Observations 23 SOURCES

CHAPTER 2. THE PLAN 28 APPENDIX D. PRINCIPLES OF NEW 150 Themes 28 URBANISM, LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND Community Goals and Strategies 28 ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FOR NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT, AND Sector Map and Concept Plan 47 LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

APPENDIX E. ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY 156

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY List of Maps

Map 1. Regional connections 16 Map 2. Concept plan 55 Map 3. Sector Map 56 Map 4. 1990 Census Boundaries 62 Map 5. 2000 Census Boundaries 62 Map 6. Traffic Analysis Zones 63 Map 7. Current Land Use 78 Map 8. Current Zoning 81 Map 9. Wetlands 92 Map 10. Hydric soils 95 Map 11. 1988 FEMA Flood Zones 96 Map 12. Katrina Surge and Advisory Flood Area 97 Map 13. FEMA Advisory Base Flood Elevations 98 Map 14. Communities Facilities 100 Map 15. Functional Classification and AADT’s of Major Roads 102 Map 16. Evacuation Map 103 Map 17. Proposed Sewer and Water Lines 109 Map 18. Land Suitability Analysis 154 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE Executive Summary

The Community Plan for Pineville has been designed to guide the economic vitality of the community, illustrated in Figure 1. redevelopment and growth in the Pineville Planning Area over a period of twenty years. This Plan incorporates the principles of Smart These themes then translate into goals and strategies for rebuilding Growth, New Urbanism, and Green Development in an effort to create the community. This Plan outlines detailed actions to be implemented a plan that reflects the community’s desire for a sustainable future. by the County and the community. To guide implementation, this Plan Community input was collected from surveys, written and provides a timeline that prioritizes the goals and action statements. verbal correspondence, an online discussion forum, and Town Hall The Concept Plan details policy and land use scenarios to reach Meetings. Issues identified as priorities by the community are the specific outcomes for the Pineville planning area. Text and supporting foundation of this Plan. These priorities are organized as three themes: illustrations describe the possibilities for future development of the community. Policy areas such as tree preservation would apply to the Restoration - This theme is focused on restoring items of entire planning area, while zoning decisions would apply to specific significance to the community that have either been lost or geographic areas within the community. These recommendations compromised due to Hurricane Katrina or have simply changed are reflections of the citizens’ vision of the community. due to the “march of time.” These items include the obvious, such Citizen participation guided the selection of the Concept as restoring homes, businesses, and infrastructure, as well as less Plan, Sector Map and the scenarios provided for consideration. obvious items, such as restoring the natural function of floodplains During the second Town Hall Meeting, the community was able to and bayous and restoring the area’s link to its past history. vote, using electronic voting devices, to identify the scenarios and policy strategies they found most important. The decisions made Connection - This theme is focused on connections within at this meeting assisted in determining the content of this Plan. and to the Pineville area. This includes such items as road and The Harrison County Board of Supervisors is the responsible bicycle/pedestrian connections between areas in Pineville and party for carrying out most of the action steps, since it is the entity areas such as Gulfport and Long Beach. Other items include with the authority to adopt any recommended regulatory measures. connections between area residents and the bayous and Wolf However, in order to assist in the implementation of the Plan, Pineville River and connections between land use and quality of life. area residents are encouraged to establish nonprofit organizations to solicit and receive grant monies, coordinate local citizen efforts, and Preservation - This theme is focused on preserving what is undertake other action steps, especially those that are nonregulatory. unique and special to the residents of the Pineville area. This This Plan is organized for readers to focus on Chapter 1, Context, includes such items as the bayous, wetlands and live oak trees, and Chapter 2, Plan. The Appendices include supplemental infor- as well as historic sites enjoyed by so many residents. This mation for those interested in the detailed data and citizen comments theme is also about preserving development opportunities and that supports the recommendations of the Plan. The superscript EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

numbers within the text of each chapter correspond to the list of endnotes found at the end of each chapter. This community plan focuses These endnotes indicate sources of the information on restoration, connection and preservation of Pineville.

Figure 1. Pineville is known for its bayous, trees, and natural features. Source: Jung-Chen Huang COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE Introduction

Purpose that will help them decide what their communities will look like Those along the Gulf Coast will never forget August 29, 2005, when in the future. As part of this effort, they hosted the Mississippi the destruction wrought by Hurricane Katrina took both lives and Renewal Forum in partnership with the Congress for New homes in Pineville, as shown in Figure 2 and 7. It did not, however, Urbanism. The Renewal Forum focused on planning and take the resolve of its residents to rebuild their community. Area visioning for the incorporated areas of the coast. The Community citizens have come together to make decisions about their collective Plan for Pineville incorporates many of the ideas provided by the future. The Community Plan for Pineville articulates this future. Governor’s Commission and integrates them with what the citizens Shortly after the hurricane, Mississippi Governor of Pineville have stated that they want for their community. Haley Barbour established the Governor’s Commission The Community Plan complements the County’s for Recovery, Rebuilding, and Renewal. The Commission Smart Growth planning process that is based on the provided local leaders with ideas and information principles of Smart Growth, New Urbanism, and Green Development, to guide the future development of the county.

Figure 2. Hurricane Katrina disrupted the lives and livelihood of Pineville through its destructive power. Source: Jung-Chen Huang INTRODUCTION

The Board of Supervisors for Harrison County recognized the Description of the Planning Process need for a plan for rebuilding and future development of Pineville. The Board invited Assistant Professor Jennifer Cowley from the The Plan was created over a seven-month time period, as noted in City and Regional Planning Program at The Ohio State University Figure 3. Following the development of the planning process in (OSU) to bring a technical assistance team to Pineville to facilitate collaboration with the County, the team began gathering data and this planning process. This Plan has been funded through grants and background information in the summer of 2006. The team next in-kind contributions and is provided at no cost to Harrison County. traveled to Harrison County in September 2006 to gather more To assist the Pineville planning team, Harrison County data and survey the community’s opportunities and challenges. Supervisor Marlin Ladner appointed a six-person steering As part of that fieldwork, the team held a Town Hall Meeting committee of local residents. The steering committee acted on September 14, 2006 in the West Harrison Civic Center that as a liaison between the citizens and the planning team. They was attended by more than 250 residents (see Figure 4,5, and 6). provided input throughout the planning process and ensured During the meeting, citizens completed a written survey seeking that the Pineville planning team addressed citizen concerns and their opinions on development issues in Pineville and Harrison incorporated community goals into the Community Plan. Plans County. The attendees also participated in a Visual Preference prepared by the adjacent communities of Gulfport, Long Beach, Survey designed to reveal their opinions regarding development and Pass Christian were evaluated during the preparation of this options for housing, setbacks, town center alternatives, and Plan to ensure compatibility between planning efforts. Additionally, streetscapes. Attendees then participated in small group the plans of the Army Corps of Engineers and Federal Emergency discussions of issues that they wanted addressed in the Plan. Management Agency long-term recovery plans were taken into account. The planning team drafted community goals based The Community Plan for Pineville has a long-range perspective. Its on the vision that Pineville citizens communicated during primary purpose is to aid in managing change in the community by: the Town Hall Meeting and through the survey results and 1. Formulating goals to fulfill the community’s vision. additional comments gathered from a web-based discussion forum and 1-800 number. They researched policies and 2. Developing a series of strategies to achieve those goals. strategies to enable Pineville citizens to implement these goals. On December 7, 2006 approximately 180 residents gath- This Plan serves as a policy guide for the community. It ered at a second Town Hall Meeting to discuss the draft does not create any laws or regulations; it only identifies Community Plan for Pineville. Citizens assisted in revising the methods that are appropriate for carrying out the policies. Any Sector Map, prioritized strategies, and provided commentary. recommendations for zoning changes or new laws will require Results of the citizen participation are outlined in Appendix B. a separate and distinct public process. It is in the hands of Throughout the planning process, the team consulted the citizens of Pineville and the Harrison County Board of with individual citizens, local businesses, and community Supervisors to carry the Plan through to implementation. facility operators to understand the needs of the community. COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

People as an architect before returning to school; Brent Warren, who holds his undergraduate degree in Politics from Earlham College in Indiana and worked The Planning Team in the nonprofit sector before returning to school; Professor Jennifer Cowley, PhD, AICP, served as the Project Jennifer Washco, who holds an undergraduate degree in Manager and worked in conjunction with the Harrison Electrical & Computer Engineering from the Ohio State University; County Board of Supervisors and Patrick Bonck, Harrison Sutirtha Das, who holds his undergraduate degree in Architecture County Zoning Administrator. Cowley, who teaches from India and worked as an architect before returning to school; planning at The Ohio State University, assembled the Jung-Chen Huang, who is a PhD student in Natural following team to work on the Community Plan for Pineville. Resources studying river restoration and wetlands. Bob Cowell, AICP, Planning Director for the Monroe County Planning Department in Indiana, volunteered his time to serve as the Pineville planning team leader. Cowell has The Steering Committee spent many years working for local governments as a planner. Harrison County Supervisor Marlin Ladner appointed a Steering Team members included the following OSU Committee comprised of area representatives to assist the City and Regional Planning graduate students: planning team in coordinating communication within Pineville and Alton Willis, from New Orleans, Louisiana, who responding to questions and issues during the planning process. holds his undergraduate degree in History from Southern Wallace Farragut, who has called Pineville his home for more University of New Orleans and was a reading educator at an than 41 years, has been a lifelong resident of the Mississippi Gulf elementary school in New Orleans before returning to school; Coast. He is a former Brigadier General in the Army and has been Radhika Mathur, who holds her undergraduate involved in the military and civil service in southern Mississippi. degree in Architecture from India and worked Warren Doussan Senior has been a resident of Pineville for more than 15 years. A former vice-president of a customer

Figure 3. The Community Plan formed over seven months. INTRODUCTION relations group, he and his wife Linda became builders. They comed the planning team into their community and took the time to built and managed The Get-a-Way on Johnson’s Bayou, a 10- share their community vision so willingly during a very difficult time. unit seasonal rental resort. Although four of the rentals were It was truly this vision that guided the team and made this Plan possible. destroyed by Hurricane Katrina, they have rebuilt their home. All steering committee members, who provided crucial Warren’s goal is to make the community even better than before. information and gathered community feedback, were a valuable Dr. Frank Schmidt is also a lifelong resident of the Mississippi asset for the planning team. A special thank you goes out to Gulf Coast. Along with his wife, he has called Pineville home for over long-time resident Leroy Lizana, a former school superintendent 30 years. After serving a year in the Army, he was a physician (general who has provided a historical perspective of the community. practitioner) in Bay Saint Louis, as well as a radiologist before he Diane Farragut participated by offering facts about religious retired. Dr. Schmidt stayed in Pineville through Hurricane Katrina. life and the residential neighborhoods within the community. Jerry Landrum has been a resident of the Pineville community for The team would like to thank Angela Brooks, David nearly 30 years. He was an engineer at the Stennis Space Center before Boyd, Fleming El-Amin, Randy Gross and Willard Chow who he retired. An avid conservationist, he became involved in the planning assisted with the Pineville Town Hall Meeting. These people process soon after Hurricane Katrina by reviewing plans for other worked as part of a Planning Assistance Team, sponsored storm-ravaged communities to research ways to improve Pineville. by the American Planning Association/American Institute Bill Stone was born and raised on the Mississippi Gulf of Certified Planners, in Harrison County for a week in Coast and has been a resident of Pineville for 12 years. Before September to assist Harrison County with its planning efforts. retiring from Lockheed Martin he managed the computer systems The team would like to thank Andrew von Maur and his urban that launched the Space Shuttle at Kennedy Space Center and design students at Andrews University, located in Berrian Springs, most recently was the Director of Information Systems at the Michigan. Andrews University has provided design services Stennis Space Center. He is in the process of rebuilding his for communities throughout Harrison County. These students home and strongly desires to preserve the culture, diversity, provided design concepts for the Pineville Neighborhood Center. environment, and retail the rural character of the community. Patrick Bonck, the Harrison County Zoning Administrator, Reverend Roy Chenevert has been a resident of Pineville for answered numerous questions and worked patiently with our over 15 years. Before retirement, he worked in the Purchasing many requests. Derek Berardi and Ryan Schmitt, interns with Department of Harrison County and also negotiated labor the Harrison County Zoning Office, provided tremendous contracts for utility companies. Having seen the force of assistance in tracking down information and contacting Hurricane Katrina firsthand, he decided to become involved local agencies. Harrison County Supervisor Marlin Ladner in the planning process to help the community in its recovery. coordinated with the planning team and steering committee; he acted as an invaluable source of information about the community. The entire Harrison County Board of Supervisors Acknowledgements deserves thanks for the support of planning efforts in Pineville. Community representatives from the Harrison County School A warm thank you goes out to all the citizens of Pineville who wel- District, the Wolf River Conservation Society and the Land Trust for 10 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

the Mississippi Coastal Plain, the Department of Marine Resources, APPENDIX B. Documentation of Citizen Involvement and community churches were also instrumental in compiling the Plan. The Documentation of Citizen Involvement describes the The team must acknowledge the funding sources that methods for engaging citizens in the planning process, made this work possible including, the U.S. Department as well as the ideas and opinions of the community. of Housing and Urban Development and the Mississippi Coastal Impact Assistance Program administered by APPENDIX C. Potential Grant Funding Sources the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality. Potential Grant Funding Sources identifies sources to The team would also like to thank the other members of assist in implementing this Plan, since funding community The Ohio State University planning team, whose assistance was projects is an essential element of plan implementation. critical. Cara Bosco prepared and analyzed the citizen survey, Kevin Chastine prepared and analyzed the Visual Preference Survey, and APPENDIX D. Principles of New Urbanism, Leadership in others assisted with facilitation during the Town Hall Meeting. One Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Develop- additional professional planner, Vince Reddy, AICP, from Cleveland, ment, and Land Suitability Analysis Ohio, volunteered his time to assist with the planning process. The principles of New Urbanism and the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development standards inform the Community Plan for Pineville. These principles and standards emphasize Smart Growth, neighborhood Organization of The Document development, and green building. The Land Suitability Analysis was used to identify areas best suited for development. CHAPTER 1. Context The Context summarizes Pineville’s important APPENDIX E. List of Acronyms and Glossary characteristics, key trends, and pressing planning issues. The list of acronyms and glossary assist the reader in understand- ing terms used throughout this plan. CHAPTER 2. Plan The Plan outlines overall goals and objectives to address This Plan is organized for readers to focus on Chapter 1, the the issues identified in Chapter 1 and provides specific Context, and Chapter 2, the Plan. The Appendices include sup- strategies and actions to achieve these goals and objectives. plemental information for those interested in the detailed data and citizen comments that supports the recommendations of the Plan.

APPENDIX A. Background The superscript numbers within the text of each chapter corre- The Background provides relevant information on community spond to the list of endnotes found at the end of each chapter. history and trends and provides detailed analyses of the These endnotes indicate sources of the information. Appendix characteristics of population, housing, land use, natural E provides definitions and acronyms found throughout this plan. resources, community facilities and infrastructure that have been reviewed and examined as part of this planning process. INTRODUCTION 11

Figure 4. Citizens from throughout Pineville came together on Sep- tember 14th to discuss the issues that are of importance to the future of the community. Source: Alton Willis

Figure 5. Harrison County Zoning Administrator Patrick Bonck leads a small group discussion during the Town Hall Meeting. Source: David Boyd 12 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 6. Community members representing properties throughout the Pineville planning area posted dots to identify where their home (red dot) or property (blue dot) is located. Source: Jennifer Cowley INTRODUCTION 13

Figure 7. Pineville was significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina. This series of images shows a Pineville residence, before, during, after, and one-year later. Source: (c)Lisa A. Pflug, Countryside Roses & Perennials 14 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE Chapter 1. Context

Description of The Community ing Pineville, North Long Beach, Willow Springs (see Figure Pineville is located in an unincorporated section of southwestern 8), and Discovery Bay, and that the term “Pineville” is Harrison County, encompassing an area of about 27 square used to refer to this entire area throughout this document. miles. Having no official boundaries, Pineville is represented by Nearly 55 percent of Pineville is forested, with much 1 District Three of the Harrison County Board of Supervisors. The of it consisting of long-leaf pines (see Figure 9). Large live planning area is bound by Interstate Highway 10 to the north, oak trees are also common, particularly along Menge Avenue. Menge Avenue, the Wolf River and the St. Louis Bay to the west, The Wolf River and several bayous flow through the area into Demourelle Road and Espy Avenue to the south, 28th Street and the St. Louis Bay. These waterways have been important in part of Beatline road to the southeast, and Canal Road to the east. the development of the area. The majority of the Pineville Map 1 shows the boundaries. It should be noted that the Pineville planning area is a tranquil, rural setting with mostly single-family planning area encompasses smaller neighborhoods, includ- homes. The residents of the community are diverse, including households with varying ethnic backgrounds and income levels.

Figure 8. Willow Springs is one of the communities included in Figure 9. More than 55 percent of Pineville is forested with long- the Community Plan for Pineville. leaf pine trees. Source: Alton Willis Source: Jung-Chen Huang CCCONTEXT 15

Appendix A for more detailed overall information on Pineville’s historical background. History

From early European settlers to the peak of the trade and water transportation era in the mid-nineteenth century to the physical and emotional challenges of Hurricane Camille in 1969 and now Hurricane Katrina, Pineville has been able to maintain its rural character. The historic “center of town” was the Y-junction of Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road at Bayou Portage.2 This strategic location was an important trading post used by the Choctaw as well as the European settlers. The Choctaw and settlers lived off the plentiful resources of the land by hunting, farming, and herding. Because the area had many waterways and plentiful timber, industries Figure 10. The Bridge Tender’s House on Menge Avenue, built in such as logging and shipbuilding were ideal and commonplace. In the mid 19th century, is the oldest house in Pineville. the mid-19th Century, trade reached its zenith with the harvest of the Source: Alton Willis forests and other goods making their way to the “center” at the old Cuevas store for export to cities such as New Orleans and Mobile. Regional Context At the turn of the 20th Century, the “center of town” began to shift to the intersection of Menge Avenue with Woodland Way Regional Connections to the west and Pineville Road to the east. This was due to the Pineville is comprised of several tightly knit rural neighborhoods location of the original Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church, that contain significant natural features, including forests, wetlands, built in 1906, at the corner where there is presently a convenience and bayous (see Figure 11). The community has a long history of store. Pineville Elementary was built diagonally across from the old strong regional connections through the bayous, which were once church in 1915. While other neighboring locales developed after used for trading purposes between Native Americans and settlers World War II, Pineville remained a tranquil bedroom community. In and continue to offer significant recreational opportunities for 1969, Hurricane Camille heavily damaged the southern Mississippi residents throughout the region. The planning area is bound by Gulf Coast, including Pineville. However, with much determination Interstate Highway 10 to the north, Menge Avenue, the Wolf and resilience the residents of Pineville were able to rebuild while River and the St. Louis Bay to the west, Demourelle Road and retaining their rural character. The Bridge Tender’s House is the oldest Espy Avenue to the south, 28th Street and part of Beatline road structure still remaining in Pineville. It was moved from its original to the southeast, and Canal Road to the east. Map 1 shows the location west of Menge Avenue by Rouse’s Bridge over boundaries. Because the community is largely residential, there are the Wolf River to its current location on Menge Ave. strong connections with Pass Christian, Long Beach, Gulfport, The house survived Hurricane Katrina (see Figure 10). Refer to Bay St. Louis, Waveland and Biloxi for employment, shopping, 16 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 1. Regional connections Source: Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District BACKGROUND 17

Figure 11. Pineville has strong connections to the water, including the Wolf River, St. Louis Bay, and Bayou Portage. Bayou Portage, shown above, was once used to transport lumber to market. Source: Jung-Chen Huang 18 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE entertainment, government offices, and other services. Even of 4,973 is projected to increase by 72 percent during the next thirty places as distant as Hattiesburg (more than 50 miles north), New years.5 The community has a large number of families with children, Orleans (Louisiana), Pensacola (Florida), and Mobile (Alabama) with nearly 30 percent of the population under 18 years of age.6 are frequented by area residents for shopping and work.3 Pineville is comprised mainly of residents who identify Pineville is adjacent to the incorporated communities of themselves as Non-Hispanic White and African-American. The Pass Christian, Long Beach, and Gulfport and the unincorporated area’s median household income was approximately $32,000 in community of DeLisle. Residents can access US Highway 49 1999.7 Approximately 80 percent of Pineville residents 25 years and through 28th Street directly or, alternately, via the Interstate older have at least a high school diploma or equivalent; 14 percent Highway 10 interchanges at Menge Avenue Beatline Road and of residents 25 years and older have a college degree or higher.8 Canal Road and via US Highway 90 intersections at Menge Avenue, Espy Avenue and Beatline Road/White Harbor Housing Road. The roadways provide connections to surrounding The majority of houses in Pineville were built after 1980, with a communities including Pass Christian, Long Beach, and Gulfport. 29 percent increase in the quantity of housing between 1990 and The Gulfport-Biloxi International Airport in Gulfport provides 2000 alone.9 This rate far surpassed the rates in nearby cities, connections to cities located outside of the region. The airport the county, and the state. Sixty-two percent of the housing in is increasing the terminal size from 92,000 to 165,000 square feet Pineville was classified as single family in 2000 (see Figure 13).10 through a $51million expansion that will be complete in 2007.4 The number of housing units built after Hurricane Katrina will In addition to these connections, the Mississippi Department be affected by the significant increase in construction and labor costs. of Transportation (MDOT) released a new Hurricane Evacuation Guide in the aftermath of Katrina to avoid traffic congestion during Economics future Mississippi Gulf Coast hurricane evacuations, as shown in Employment in Pineville is concentrated in the Long Map 16 on page 103. US Highway 49 and Interstate Highway 59 Beach Industrial Park. Its major tenants are Triton Systems are designated as the main evacuation routes for the people of and Bay Technical Associates The park is continuing to th Pineville. Residents can access US Highway 49 through 28 Street add tenants and is expected to build out within 10 years.11 directly or, alternatively, via Interstate Highway 10, which has Residents generally commute to work via Interstate Highway interchanges at Menge Avenue, Beatline Road, and Canal Road. 10 or US Highway 90. Sixty percent have a commute within the range of 10 to 30 minutes.12 The sectors that employ the Background and Current Trends largest percentages of Pineville residents are the educational, health, and social services sector and the arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services sectors.13 Demographics Pineville is a predominantly residential community that consists mainly of single-family homes on large lots. Historically, the community Current Land Use has had slow but steady growth. However, the current population Overall, nearly 74 percent of the land in the planning area is undeveloped, and most of it is privately-owned forest land.14 Discovery CCCONTEXT 19

Bay, a planned development in the low-lying area south of Arcadia including two parks, two nature preserves, an arboretum, a community Farm Road and just east of Hampton Road Avenue, represents a center, a public school, two private schools, nine churches, a public significant portion of this undeveloped land. It was not developed boat launch, a canoe and kayak facility and a campground (see as planned and now consists of more than 1,000 small vacant lots. Figure 12). Additionally, a new inter-parochial elementary school Of the developed land, the majority is single family is planned for the area. Many of these facilities are located in residential (67 percent). The next largest categories are commercial the southern area of Pineville along Menge and Espy Avenues. (11 percent) and industrial (just under 10 percent).15 The single family residential land is generally low-density and rural in character. Infrastructure Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road are the two primary residential Since Hurricane Katrina, traffic has increased significantly along corridors, with various small neighborhood streets branching off local roads, especially Menge Avenue. Beatline Road is experiencing from them. The North Long Beach section of the planning area has high levels of traffic between its junction with Red Creek Road and its some of this type of residential development as well, in addition interchange with Interstate Highway 10. Much of the additional traffic is to two manufactured home parks and a small multi-family public associated with construction and rebuilding efforts. Speeding is also an housing complex that is slated for demolition and redevelopment. issue along local roads, particularly in residential areas. The Mississippi The primary commercial uses in Pineville are clustered Department of Transportation has plans to build proposed Route 601, at the three exits of Interstate Highway 10, with the most a partially elevated highway at the far eastern edge of the planning extensive offering of services at the Canal Road exit. Retail area that will connect the Port of Gulfport with Interstate Highway establishments along Canal Road and 28th St. also contribute to 10 and, eventually, may continue north to Saucier and Stone County. the commercial business. Industrial uses are confined to the Long This project is discussed further in Appendix A, Background. Beach Industrial Park, which is home to 17 different companies. Water and sewer service is limited in the Pineville area. The majority of Pineville does not have sewer service, with an exception Natural Resources being the Long Beach Industrial Park located in the southeastern Pineville is part of the Coastal Stream Basin, consisting of portion of the area. Private water wells and septic systems are pine forests, abundant wetlands, and a multitude of coastal prevalent throughout the area. Electric service is generally available streams and rivers that drain into the Gulf of Mexico, throughout Pineville. Gas service is available in some areas of Pineville. which is reflected by its highly diverse wildlife habitats. Sutter Water Services holds the water rights for a portion The area has several important bodies of water, including the of the Pineville area. The company has made plans to extend Wolf River, Johnson’s Bayou, Bayou Portage, the St. Louis Bay, Bayou water service along Menge Avenue from Red Creek Road to Arcadian, and three canals. Forty-one percent of Pineville is classified Jones Road, and along smaller roads connected to Menge; as wetlands, and over 80 percent of the area has hydric or partly along Pineville Road and Woodland Way Road, and along some hydric soils, indicating wet conditions when the soils were formed. sections of Espy Avenue. Currently Sutter has a well located on Espy Avenue between Derrick Road and Demourelle Road. Community Facilities and Resources In November of 2006 the Mississippi Department of Pineville contains a variety of community facilities and resources, Environmental Quality released the draft Mississipi Gulf Region 20 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Water and Wastewater Plan. This Plan describes and prioritizes COMMUNITY INPUT short-term (to be completed within five years) and long-term (to be completed by 2025, or later, depending on availability of The Community Plan for Pineville is a reflection of the desires of funding) water, wastewater and stormwater projects for the six the residents for the future of their community. Citizens were coastal counties. Several of these projects will affect Pineville. The engaged throughout the planning process in a variety of ways. near-term projects include extending water service to DeLisle; Input was provided through a Visual Preference Survey, small adding water service capacity to the cities of Long Beach and Pass group discussions, community surveys, a 1-800 number, an on- Christian; expansion of wastewater service to DeLisle, the area line discussion board, responses to community newsletters, south of Mississippi State 53 and west of US Highway 49, and the and steering committee members. Much of the community area west of Gulfport. All of these projects include transmission input was gathered at a Town Hall Meeting held at the West mains running through or adjacent to Pineville. (See Map 17, Harrison Civic Center on September 14th, 2006. A second Town page 109.) Several long-term projects will also affect Pineville, Hall Meeting was held at the Pineville Elementary School on including a stormwater project to lessen flood damage from Turkey December 7th, 2006. A complete summary of the information Creek. The increase in the availability of water and sewer in the gathered and the methods used can be found in Appendix B. Pineville community will result in increased development pressures.

Figure 12. The West Harrison Civic Center is one of the community facilities available in Pineville. Source: Alton Willis Figure 13. Rural single family housing is common throughout the Pineville planning area. Source: Alton Willis CCCONTEXT 21

Visual Preference Survey enforcement were some of the top suggestions made by citizens. A Visual Preference Survey (VPS) was conducted at the th September 14 Town Hall Meeting. One hundred and eighty- Citizen Surveys seven people participated. The survey is a tool used to At the September 14th Town Hall Meeting, citizens of Pineville were determine a community’s opinions on various alternatives for asked to answer a written survey (see Figure 18). As of September its built environment. The participants were asked to evaluate 19, 2006, a total of 170 responses had been received from the Town a series of images and rate them on a scale of one to five, with Hall Meeting by mail and electronic submission. The purpose of one being very unacceptable and five being very acceptable. the survey was to gather information on residents’ current feelings The Pineville VPS used images to measure preferences for about their community and to determine what issues are most housing setback distance, single family housing style, multi-family important to them concerning the future. The results, in addition housing style, and commercial development style. Residents to other tools, were used to guide the formation of the Plan. showed a strong preference for housing on large lots with large The majority of Pineville residents responded positively to setbacks from the road. A single-story brick ranch style home, growth policies revitalizing existing residential areas, existing shown in Figure 14, was found most acceptable by residents commercial and main streets, and older office and industrial sites and of Pineville, with several other styles of single-family homes encouraging the construction of new housing. Policies encouraging receiving acceptable ratings. Several examples of elevated housing construction of new shopping centers and new office and industrial received approval, with the most preferred example shown in Figure parks were also favored. Most residents felt that the pace of 15. When considering multi-family homes, a two-story duplex, development in the Pineville area is either just right or too slow. shown in Figure 16, was found to be the most acceptable among Residents most commonly consider the center of Pineville residents. Citizens also expressed a preference for commercial to be Pineville Elementary School, the intersection of Menge buildings with heavily landscaped parking lots, such as in Figure 17. Avenue and Pineville Road, or the Old Cuevas Store/Cuevas Bistro located at the intersection of Red Creek Road and Menge Avenue. Small Group Discussions Residents also answered questions concerning what recreational The small group discussions held at the September 14th facilities and other community facilities they would like to see Town Hall Meeting revealed the strong ties residents feel in their community. Many residents expressed a desire to see a to their community. Citizens were asked to identify what community park, walking trails, and other recreational opportunities. they liked best about Pineville, what they liked least, and The services that residents would most like to see are restaurants, what they would change to make their community better. a grocery store, a post office, and retail merchandise businesses. Residents expressed their appreciation for Pineville’s rural setting and the connection with the natural environment it Scenario Voting affords. Traffic, connection to nature, especially waterways During the December Town Hall Meeting citizens were asked to and a lack of amenities were the top issues about which vote on a variety of development scenarios for the community. residents had concerns. Additional access to waterways, Participants support the redevelopment of Discovery Bay using increased recreational opportunities, and increased zoning conservation development approaches. The participants support 22 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 14. This home was found to be the most acceptable for residents of the Pineville community. (Right) Source: Robert Lemon

Figure 15. This elevated home was found to be very acceptable for residents of the Pineville community. (Far Right) Attributed to “Erica, of DeLisle”

Figure 16. This duplex was found to be acceptable to members of the Pineville community. (Right) Source: Kevin Chastine

Figure 17. Citizens preferred commercial businesses to have heavily landscaped parking lots. (Far Right) Source: Robert Lemon CCCONTEXT 23 allowing live-work units in the neighborhood center. and opportunities facing the community today. Respondents also support the addition of sidewalks and canoe/kayak access points along Bayou Portage. Hurricane Katrina The areas along Pineville’s bayous and rivers were Dot Voting significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina’s storm Citizens prioritized strategies to be surge. Some areas, such as Knollwood Shores, achieved as the Community Plan for Arcadia Farm Road, and Woodland Way, experienced Pineville is implemented at the December Town catastrophic damage from the storm surge. Fortunately, Hall Meeting. Participants most strongly support the areas with the largest populations experienced less preserving the quiet residential and scenic nature of extensive damage. Many residents currently remain Menge Avenue and preserving the dark skies at night. in temporary housing while rebuilding their homes.

Additional Community Input Several additional methods were used to gather community opinions during the formation of the Plan. A 1-800 number was available for residents to call in and leave messages containing any questions, comments, or concerns throughout the planning process. An on-line discussion board was also available throughout the process, and it served a similar purpose. It had the added benefit of facilitating dialogue among community members. Monthly newsletters were mailed to all property owners, some of which contained articles requesting feedback on different alternatives. The Pineville Steering Committee members also spoke with community members to gather community feedback. A summary of the responses received from these tools can be found in Appendix B.

OBSERVATIONS

The following topics, which are the result of citizen Figure 18. Participants at the Town Hall Meeting completed a citizens survey input and information about Pineville’s past and to determine what issues are most important to residents. current conditions, include the major concerns Source: Jung-Chen Huang 24 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Rural Character Nearly 74 percent of the land in Pineville is undeveloped, with As the community rebuilds and changes, an important concern of resi- most of it being privately owned forest land. In order to identify dents is that the area retain its rural character. A majority of residents the undeveloped land that is most suitable for development, a land would like to see the pattern of development remain the same as it was be- suitability analysis was conducted. The conclusions of this analysis, fore Katrina, with rural residential and small businesses. Since portions of which can be seen in Map 18 on page 154, aided in the development Pineville have higher elevations, the area has become an attractive option of the Sector Map and Concept Plan. The areas most suitable to coastal residents who are looking to relocate inland. A change in the for development were determined using the results from the area’s character is likely due to this and other development pressures unless land suitability analysis in conjunction with other considerations, measures are taken to slow the pace and preserve the area’s rural setting. such as community input and current development patterns. New development is currently happening at a modest Development Activities pace throughout the planning area. Large-scale projects Historically, Pineville has remained a rural community include the Stablewood Estates neighborhood, located on with a limited amount of development. However, Menge Avenue just south of Interstate 10 (see Figure 19). the effects of Hurricane Katrina are expected to change this pattern. The rate of population growth is anticipated Natural Resources to increase, with the area’s population expected to nearly Many residents expressed a desire to preserve the natural double by 2030 as people look for higher land for housing that environment surrounding their community.16 They value their is within a convenient distance to surrounding communities close connection with the rivers, bayous, and forest, as well as and jobs. Growth will need to be carefully accommodated the serene night skies. Protecting the area’s natural features from to ensure that the community’s rural character is protected. overdevelopment, dumping, and erosion is a priority for residents. Additionally, the preservation and restoration of the natural environment will aid in flood mitigation. Wetlands function as a natural sponge, absorbing and holding excess water, which aids in protecting residential areas. The area’s soil make up also indicates that flooding, heavy rains, and poor drainage are a natural occurrence in the Pineville area. By carefully choosing locations for both development and preservation, the wetland areas’ natural buffer functions can be optimized.

Recreation Members of the Pineville community are served by recreational facilities such as arboretum (see Figure 20), soccer fields, a baseball Figure 19. Stablewood currently has homes under construction. field, a campground, a private canoe and kayak facility, and a Source: Jung-Chen Huang public boat launch. However, citizens would like to see additional CCCONTEXT 25 recreational opportunities in their area, especially those that could Community Heritage connect them with nature. The most desired recreational facilities are Pineville has a rich history as a trading post along Bayou a community park, walking trails, bike paths, pool, and a boat launch.17 Portage. The area’s connection to its past can be strengthened by The combination of desires for outdoor activities and for incorporating its historical significance into the present. Historic environmental preservation presents an opportunity for the markers, for example, could provide a link to the past at key sites. community to move toward both of these goals in parallel by creating ecologically sensitive outdoor recreational opportunities.

Commercial Convenience The Pineville community contains limited commercial and retail services. Service areas are concentrated at the three interchanges with Interstate Highway 10 (at Menge Avenue, Beatline Road, and Ca- nal Road), and to a smaller extent at the intersection of Beatline Road and 28th Street. There are also scattered neighborhood-oriented stores (see Figure 21). Citizens would like to see additional commercial and retail in their community, while retaining a rural character. In particular, residents expressed a desire for a grocery store, a post office, local restaurants, and additional locally owned businesses.18

Community Health and Welfare Several of the desires residents have expressed fit into the category of community health and welfare. Many residents would like to see health care facilities in Pineville, such as a doctor’s office, a dentist’s office, or an urgent care facility. Additionally, residents indicated a desire to have the opportunity to walk or bicycle along Figure 20. Pineville includes a number of recreational the roadways. Many citizens also indicated a need for increased opportunities, including the Huckleberry Hill Arboretum. code enforcement in order to maintain the area’s quality of life.19 Source: Alton Willis Residents also expressed concern about the lasting effects of Hurricane Katrina. They cited debris, as well as long-term sediment accumulation, in local waterways and the need to remove trees which are leaning due to storm damage and present a danger to residents and motorists. 26 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Infrastructure Highway 90 with Interstate Highway 10. This change will provide better Citizens of Pineville are concerned with excessive automobile connectivity to Gulfport and likely will affect the vicinity’s character. speed. An additional concern is the volume of traffic on Menge In order for Pineville to accommodate growth, water and sewer Avenue, the historic center of the community.20 Citizens want to service will be needed in areas with higher densities. The current keep the area surrounding Menge as a peaceful residential area, lack of connections is a limiting factor for additional development. but it currently serves as a convenient corridor connecting US Conversely, the addition of water and sewer lines to an area will Highway 90 and Interstate Highway 10. Many residents would encourage growth and increased density. The areas surrounding prefer to see Espy Avenue or Beatline Road as a route for traffic. the planned water and wastewater lines shown in Map 17 (page 109) Proposed Route 601 is a planned four-lane, partially elevated will be particularly likely to experience growth and increased density. roadway that will run to the east of Canal Road and connect US

Figure 21. Pineville includes primarily small businesses, such as the Cuevas Bistro in the center of Pineville. Source: Alton Willis CCONTEXT 27

Notes: 1. Land uses were determined by the planning team using aerial photos, Harrison County parcel data, windshield surveys, and interviews with residents. 2. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Personal Interview. July 17. 3. Based on written community survey. 4. Gulfport – Biloxi Internation Airport (n.d.). Retrieved on December 3, 2006 from http://www.flygpt.com/aboutgbia/expansion.htm. 5. Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) table 2002 and 2030 for Pineville-Gulf Regional Planning Commission (GRPC). 6. Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. Hessel, Bill. (2006) Harrison County Development Commission. Personal Interview. September 15. 12. Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. 13. Ibid. 14. Land uses were determined by the planning team using aerial photos, Harrison County parcel data, windshield surveys, and interviews with residents. 15. Ibid. 16. Based on written community survey. 17. Ibid. 18. Ibid. 19. Ibid 20. Ibid. 28 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE Chapter 2. The Plan

The focus of this Plan is to establish goals and strategies to meet Restoration - This theme is focused on restoring items of the vision of the citizens of Pineville. This Plan recommends significance to the community that have either been lost or strategies and specific action steps to accomplish these goals. compromised due to Hurricane Katrina or have simply changed Prior to defining goals, the planning team assessed the existing due to the “march of time” (see Figure 22). These items include the conditions and trends (included in detail in Appendix A, Background), obvious, such as restoring homes, businesses, and infrastructure, as and through discussions with the community residents in individual well as less obvious items, such as restoring the natural function of conversations and Town Hall Meetings. Recommendations in this floodplains and bayous and restoring the area’s link to its past history. Plan come from the results of the Town Hall meetings, discussions with the Pineville Steering Committee, and feedback from community Connection - This theme is focused on connections within residents gathered from the 1-800 number and an online community and to the Pineville area. This includes such items as road and forum designed for this Plan, included in detail in Appendix B. bicycle/pedestrian connections between areas in Pineville and to The Community Plan for Pineville, in its broadest form, is areas such as Gulfport and Long Beach (see Figure 25). Other a statement of what the community strives to achieve and items include connections between area residents and the bayous what the residents hope Pineville will become. The goals and and Wolf River and connections between land use and quality of life. strategies outlined in this chapter are to be achieved over the next 20 years. Some will be challenging to accomplish. The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina presents the opportunity Preservation - This theme is focused on preserving what is unique to rebuild in the manner most desirable to the community. and special to the residents of the Pineville area. This includes This Plan documents those desires, helps to determine items such as the bayous and wetlands as well as historic sites, the public investment priorities, and serves as a general live oaks, and the dark skies enjoyed by so many residents of the area framework for the development of specific regulations (see Figure 24). This theme is also about preserving development and standards to guide public and private developments. opportunities and the economic vitality of the community.

Community Goals and Themes Strategies

This Plan includes three main themes that provide the The objective of this Plan is to evaluate and suggest improvements policy framework that helps shape each of the goals, to aid the citizens in achieving their goals of rebuilding and managing strategies, and implementation actions. The themes are: change in the community. The face of Pineville changed as the result CCTHE PLAN 29 of Hurricane Katrina. In rebuilding the community, many options may be considered. Community input, survey responses, and the Town Hall Meetings were all instrumental in drafting the goals, strategies, and action items in this Plan (see Appendix B for more detail). An integral part of the planning process is the formulation of goals that represent the community’s vision for the future. Residents recognize the need to rebuild and grow in a sustainable manner that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The following goals integrate citizen input and issues and opportunities identified by the community to achieve the desired community of the future. Figures 22 through 25 illustrate some of the issues and opportunities the community identified. These seven goals, which have been overwhelmingly endorsed at the December Town Hall Meeting, are:

Figure 22. Restoring what was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina is an Goal 1: Ensure that Pineville prepares for growth; immediate priority. Source: Radhika Mathur Goal 2: Maintain the rural character of the community;

Goal 3: Restore the impacted areas of the community; If this Plan is to serve as a true blueprint for the Pineville community as it strives to meet its goals, it is necessary to provide implementation Goal 4: Protect and preserve the environment; strategies. This Plan addresses this challenge in a number of different ways. In the following section, each goal is followed by Goal 5: Develop and expand recreational opportunities; a series of strategies meant to assist the community in focusing its Goal 6: Improve and maintain the health and welfare of the resources. Each strategy is followed by detailed actions that form Pineville community; and a checklist to guide the community as it seeks to achieve the goals. Because Pineville is an unincorporated community, the Harrison Goal 7: Promote the principles of New Urbanism and County Board of Supervisors is the entity responsible for carrying Green Development. out most of the action steps. For example, the Board is the entity that has the authority to adopt any recommended regulatory measures. However, in order to assist in the implementation of this Plan, Pineville residents are encouraged to form a nonprofit organization to solicit and receive grants, coordinate local citizen efforts, and 30 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 23. Restoration of the bayous and homes is a high priority to Pineville residents. (Right) Source: Sutirtha Das

Figure 24. Preservation of the Wolf River and its surrounding wetlands is a theme in this community plan. (Right) Source: Jung-Chen Huang

Figure 25. Creating stronger connections, such as bike paths and sidewalks along roadways, is important to the Pineville community. (Far Right) Source: Jung-Chen Huang CCTHE PLAN 31 undertake other action steps, especially those that are nonregulatory. funding sources that are available to aid in the implementation This Plan is meant to be a living document, one that is consulted of this Plan. The implementation timelines refer to specific regularly by the community and that serves as a practical guide to funding sources for each action step, when applicable. decision-making. Responsible parties are identified for each action, whether they be the Board of Supervisors, the Pineville nonprofit GOAL 1. ENSURE PINEVILLE PREPARES FOR organization, or some other entity. These parties are noted in the GROWTH. Implementation Timeline table following each goal. Timeframes for implementation are broken down into four categories: STRATEGY A. Use the Community Plan as a guide for future growth and development.

Immediate (first year) Action 1. Circulate and promote the Community Plan for Short-term (years 2-5) Pineville to make residents, business owners, and property owners aware of the policies and recommendations. Medium-term (years 6-10) Action 2. Support the establishment of a nonprofit com- Long -term (years 11-20) munity organization to oversee and seek funding for the implementation of this Plan. The immediate term follows the publication of this Plan to the end of the first year. In other words, Year One is 2007. The short-term is STRATEGY B. Promote growth as specified in the designated the entirety of each of Years Two through Five. The medium-term zones of the Sector Map and in the manner is the five-year period from Year Six to Ten. The long-term is the described in the Concept Plan. remainder of the period this Plan covers, through Year 20 or 2027. The short-term implementation strategies have been broken Action 1. Promote residential and neighborhood into one-year periods. The medium- and long-term implementation commercial development in areas identified on the strategies have more general timeframes since opportunities for Concept Plan and Sector Map. action are less clear at this point. Such timeframes are a guide for the community to prepare for development and the next steps. Action 2. Encourage development of a Pineville The pursuit of medium- and long-term aspects of this Plan will Neighborhood Center that includes residential uses, small- often be dependent on the progress of short-term action items. scale neighborhood commercial uses, live-work units, civic Some actions extend over a period of years. Other space, park space, and public access for kayaks and canoes actions continue through the duration of this Plan. to Bayou Portage in the vicinity of the intersection of Red Implementation timelines follow each goal in this Plan. Creek Road and Menge Avenue. Many of the actions in this Plan will require significant financial investment. Appendix C describes a variety of 32 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Action 3. Hold a design workshop for the Pineville Neigbhorhood Center to generate ideas for the area and to calibrate that section of the Sector Map into Transect Zones.

Action 4. Encourage the redevelopment of Discovery Bay with residential development utilizing conservation subdivision design principals while preserving wetland areas.

STRATEGY C. Promote a strong tax base and economic vitality.

Action 1. Use the Concept Plan as a guide to promote neighborhood-serving commercial development at the intersection of Ca- nal Road and 28th Street and at Interstate Highway 10 and the Menge Avenue and Canal Road interchanges.

Action 2. Use the Concept Plan as a guide to promote region-serving commercial development at the Beatline Road interchange of Interstate Highway 10.

Action 3. Support an East-West Corridor from Pass Christian that will intersect with Espy Avenue and continue eastward to intersect with proposed Route 601 east of Canal Road in order to improve connectivity for industrial uses in the area where desired.

Action 4. Coordinate with the Harrison County Development Commission to identify additional opportunities to create employment in the community.

Action 5. Identify grant opportunities to support local economic development.

STRATEGY D. Encourage the development and expansion of infrastructure needed to support development patterns identified by the Sector Map and Concept Plan.

Action 1. Encourage the expansion of water and sewer to planned growth areas.

Action 2. Recommend that the sewer and water needs of the Pineville community be recognized by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality as they implement the Regional Water and Wastewater Plan.

Action 3. Obtain grants and loans for expansion of water and sewer to serve the community.

Action 4. Ensure that fire and police service is adequate to meet the needs created by new development. CTHE PLAN 33

Table 1. Implementation Timeline for Goal 1 Possible Immediate Short Term Medium Term Long Term Ensure Pineville prepares for growth Responsible Parties Funding Sources* Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-10 Year 11-20 1.A. Action 1. Circulate and promote the Harrison County Community Plan for Pineville. 1.A. Action 2. Support the establishment of a Harrison County 1 nonprofit community organization. 1.B. Action 1. Promote residential and Harrison County neighborhood commercial. 1.B. Action 2. Encourage development of a Harrison County Pineville Neighborhood Center. 1.B. Action 3. Hold a design workshop for the Pineville Nonprofit 3 Pineville Neighborhood Center. 1.B. Action 4. Encourage the redevelopment of Harrison County Discovery Bay. 1.C. Action 1. Promote neighborhood-serving Harrison County commercial development. 1.C. Action 2. Promote region-serving Harrison County commercial development. Harrison County, Gulf 1.C. Action 3. Support an east-west road Regional Planning 15, 18 extension. Commission, MDOT 1.C. Action 4. Identify additional employment Harrison County 2, 6 opportunities in the community. 1.C. Action 5. Identify grant opportunities to Pineville Nonprofit 1 support local economic development. 1.D. Action 1. Encourage the expansion of Harrison County water and sewer to planned growth areas. 1.D. Action 2. Recommend that the sewer Harrison County, and water needs of the Pineville community Mississippi 16 be recognized by MDEQ Development Authority 34 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

1.D. Action 3. Obtain grants and loans for Harrison County, expansion of water and sewer to serve the MDEQ community. 1.D. Action 4. Ensure that fire and police service is adequate to meet the needs created by Harrison County new development. * numbers correspond to rows in Grants table, for further information refer to Appendix C Potential Grant Funding Sources

GOAL 2. Maintain the rural character of the community.

STRATEGY A. Promote low density uses in designated rural residential areas.

Action 1. Support retention of the existing agricultural and rural housing in the G-1 (Restricted Growth) sector.

Action 2. Support the rezoning of areas in the G-1 (Restricted Growth) sector that are not currently zoned as either E-1 Very Low Density Residential or A-1 General Agriculture.

Action 3. Encourage cluster development in the G-1 (Restricted Growth) sector.

STRATEGY B. Preserve the quiet residential and scenic nature of appropriate portions of Menge Avenue.

Action 1. Focus growth along Menge at the intersection of Interstate Highway 10.

Action 2. Maintain the existing width and speed limit of Menge Avenue.

STRATEGY C. Preserve the dark skies at night and limit light pollution.

Action 1. Adopt a Dark Skies Ordinance.

STRATEGY D. Restore the connections between Pineville and its heritage.

Action 1. Identify, through the placement of historic markers, sites of historical and architectural significance in Pineville in order to preserve important links to the community’s past. CTHE PLAN 35

Action 2. Facilitate placement of brochures and pamphlets pertaining to Pineville’s historic sites and recreational activities in local businesses.

Action 3. Encourage the property owners of the Cuevas Store, the site of Camp Tuggville on the Dixie White House Nursing Home grounds, and the Bridge Tender’s Home to attain historic landmark status for their properties.

Table 2. Implementation Timeline for Goal 2 Possible Immediate Short Term Medium Term Long Term Maintain the rural character of the community Responsible Parties Funding Sources* Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-10 Year 11-20 2.A. Action 1. Retain the existing agricultural and rural housing in the G-1 sectors and encourage Harrison County cluster development. 2.A. Action 2. Support the rezoning of areas in the G-1 sector that are not currently zoned as Harrison County either E-1 or A-1. 2.A. Action 3. Support the development of Harrison County cluster subdivisions in the G-1 sector. 2.B. Action 1. Focus growth along Menge at Harrison County, Interstate Highway 10. Pineville Nonprofit 2.B. Action 2. Maintain existing width and speed Harrison County, limit of Menge Avenue. MDOT 2.C. Action 1. Support the adoption of a Dark Harrison County Skies Ordinance. 2.D. Action 1. Identify sites of historical and Pineville Nonprofit 7 architectural significance in Pineville. 2.D. Action 2. Place brochures and pamphlets pertaining to Pineville’s historic sites and Pineville Nonprofit recreational activities in local businesses. 2.D. Action 3. Encourage property owners to Pineville Nonprofit 7 attain historic landmark status. * numbers correspond to rows in Grants table, for further information refer to Appendix C Potential Grant Funding Sources 36 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

GOAL 3. ReSTORE IMPACTED AREAS OF the community.

STRATEGY A. Pursue available funds for the rebuilding and reconstruction of homes and businesses damaged in Hurricane Katrina.

Action 1. Coordinate with the Harrison County Community Development Block Grant Coordinator to educate Pineville homeowners on grant and loan programs to assist in rebuilding homes.

Action 2. Coordinate with the Harrison County Community Development Block Grant Coordinator to ensure that eligible Pineville homeowners take advantage of the Hurricane Katrina Homeowners Assistance Grants.

Action 3. Coordinate with the Harrison County Community Development Block Grant Coordinator to ensure that eligible parties take advantage of the Gulf Zone Opportunity Act of 2005, which is geared toward commercial property and rental residential property.

STRATEGY B. Repair impacted infrastructure.

Action 1. Support the restoration and strengthening of roads in affected areas west of Menge Avenue, including Knollwood Shores and Arcadia Farm Road.

STRATEGY C. Restore and improve connections between the Pineville area and the surrounding region.

Action 1. Promote awareness of the plans by the Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) to build proposed Route 601 from Interstate Highway 10 to the State Port at Gulfport.

Action 2. Ensure that the community is aware of the new proposed evacuation routes.

Action 3. Explore the creation of a western Harrison County north-south connector with the Gulf Regional Planning Commission and neighboring communities.

STRATEGY D. Establish measures to restore the functions of the wetlands, bayous, floodplains and forests to mitigate future flood and wind damage in the community.

Action 1. Support the mitigation efforts identified in the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) long term community CTHE PLAN 37

recovery plan to reduce long term risk of flood and wind damage to houses and other buildings.

Action 2. Support the efforts of the Coast Guard and Army Corps of Engineers to remove debris from the bay, bayous, and boat slips to aid in flood control and navigation.

Action 3. Coordinate with FEMA to remove hurricane-damaged trees in the right-of-way and private property which present a danger to residents and motorists.

STRATEGY E. Support activities that will aid the rebuilding of properties impacted by revised rules and regulations regarding flood elevations.

Action 1. Support the efforts of FEMA and the Harrison County Building Official to educate property owners about flood elevation requirements, and keep residents informed on the status of any changes to the existing flood plain elevations.

Action 2. Support Harrison County’s efforts to ensure that temporary housing associated with hurricane recovery is removed or brought into compliance with applicable ordinances.

Table 3. Implementation Timeline for Goal 3 Possible Immediate Short Term Medium Term Long Term Restore impacted areas of the community. Responsible Parties Funding Sources* Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-10 Year 11-20 Pinville Nonprofit, 3.A. Action 1. Educate Pineville homeowners on Community grant and loan programs to assist in rebuilding 11 Development Block homes. Grant Coordinator Pinville Nonprofit, 3.A. Action 2. Ensure that eligible Pineville Community homeowners take advantage of the Hurricane 11 Development Block Katrina Homeowners’ Assistance Grants. Grant Coordinator Pinville Nonprofit, 3.A. Action 3. Ensure that eligible parties take Community advantage of the Gulf Zone Opportunity Act of Development Block 2005. Grant Coordinator 38 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

3.B. Action 1. Support the restoration and strengthening of roads in affected areas west of Harrison County Menge Avenue, particularly Knollwood Shores. Pineville Nonprofit, 3.C. Action 1. Promote awareness of the plans Gulf Regional Planning by MDOT to build Route 601. Commission, MDOT 3.C. Action 2. Ensure that the community is Harrison County, aware of the new proposed evacuation routes. FEMA 3.C. Action 3. Explore the creation of a Harrison County, western Harrison County north-south GRPC, Pass Christian, connector. Long Beach 3.D. Action 1. Support mitigation efforts to reduce long term risk of flood and wind damage Harrison County 8, 9 to houses and other buildings. Harrison County, Coast 3.D. Action 2. Remove debris from the bay, Guard, Army Corps of bayous, and slips. Engineers 3.D. Action 3. Remove hurricane-damaged Harrison County, trees in the right-of-way and private FEMA property. 3.E. Action 1. Educate property owners about Harrison County, flood elevation requirements, and keep residents FEMA informed of any changes.

3.E. Action 2. Ensure that temporary housing Harrison County, is removed or brought into compliance with Pineville Nonprofit applicable ordinances. * numbers correspond to rows in Grants table, for further information refer to Appendix C Potential Grant Funding Sources CTHE PLAN 39

GOAL 4. Protect and preserve the environment.

STRATEGY A. Protect the natural features located in the area.

Action 1. Educate community members about the advantages of wetland mitigation and habitat protection, and encourage them to sell privately owned wetlands and forests to the Land Trust for the Mississippi Coastal Plain, the Wolf River Conservation So- ciety, the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources or other preservation organizations.

Action 2. Coordinate with the Wolf River Conservation Society to identify conservation opportunities in the Wolf River watershed.

STRATEGY B. Restore and preserve live oak trees in Pineville.

Action 1. Recruit volunteers to help in creating an inventory of the existing live oaks in Pineville.

Action 2. Adopt a Historic Tree Protection Ordinance to protect live oak trees in the community.

Action 3. Educate residents on procedures and methods to restore, save, and preserve live oak trees.

STRATEGY C. Encourage landowners to plant or restore storm-resistant native species.

Action 1. Advocate community participation in seedling and tree give away programs sponsored by the National Arbor Day Foun- dation, the Audubon Society and other organizations.

Action 2. Educate residents on identifying, restoring, and planting storm-resistant native tree species.

STRATEGY D. Encourage the creation of a greenway along Wolf River and Bayou Portage for environmental preservation.

Action 1. Coordinate with the Land Trust for the Mississippi Coastal Plain, the Wolf River Conservation Society and the Missis- sippi Department of Marine Resources to create a greenway.

STRATEGY E. Enhance the gateways to the community to establish a strong identity for Pineville, North Long Beach and Willow Springs. 40 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Action 1. Hold a competition to develop designs for community entrance signs, such as those found in Willow Springs.

Action 2. Support the placement of entrance signs to Pineville and North Long Beach.

Action 3. Enhance community entrance gateways with additional landscaping.

Table 4. Implementation Timeline for Goal 4 Possible Immediate Short Term Medium Term Long Term Protect and preserve the environment. Responsible Parties Funding Sources* Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-10 Year 11-20 4.A. Action 1. Educate community members Pineville Nonprofit, 23 about wetland mitigation and habitat protection. Harrison County Pineville Nonprofit, 4.A. Action 2. Identify conservation Wolf River opportunities in the Wolf River watershed. Conservation Society 4.B. Action 1. Recruit volunteers to help in creating an inventory of the existing live oaks in Pineville Nonprofit Pineville. 4.B. Action 2. Adopt a Historic Tree Protection Harrison County Ordinance. 4.B. Action 3. Educate residents on procedures and methods to restore, save, and preserve Pineville Nonprofit live oak trees 4.C. Action 1. Advocate community participation Pineville Nonprofit 27, 28 in seedling and tree give away programs. 4.C. Action 2. Educate residents on identifying, Pineville Nonprofit restoring, and planting native trees. Harrison County, Land Trust for the MS 4.D. Action 1. Coordinate with various groups to Coastal Plain, Wolf 24, 30 create a greenway. River Conservation Society, MDMR CTHE PLAN 41

4.E. Action 1. Hold a competition to develop Pineville Nonprofit designs for a community entrance sign. 4.E. Action 2. Support the placement of entrance signs to Pineville and North Long Pineville Nonprofit 3 Beach. 4.E. Action 3. Enhance community entrance Pineville Nonprofit 3 gateways with additional landscaping. * numbers correspond to rows in Grants table, for further information refer to Appendix C Potential Grant Funding Sources

GOAL 5. Develop and expand recreational opportunities.

STRATEGY A. Provide a community park.

Action 1. Support the community in identifying a location for a community park.

Action 2. Support the placement of the community park.

Action 3. Work with a fundraising partner to raise money and build a playground.

Action 4. Investigate the possibility of incorporating an aquatic element, such as a sprayground or pool, into the community park.

Action 5. Coordinate with agencies such as the Land and Water Conservation Fund of the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks to obtain additional funding sources designated for recreational development.

STRATEGY B. Promote the development of pedestrian and bike trail connections.

Action 1. Use the Concept Plan as a guide to promote the development of bike trails and walking paths that tie in with trails and paths proposed in the Long Beach and Pass Christian Community Plans on Pineville Road and along Canal 3.

Action 2. Coordinate with Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) to obtain funding through the Safe Routes to School Program to install appropriate pedestrian infrastructure (e.g. sidewalks, crosswalks, crossing signals, trees along the road, bike racks, etc.) in the vicinity of the Pineville Elementary School. 42 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

STRATEGY C. Encourage recreational activities on the bayous and Wolf River.

Action 1. Create public access to Bayou Portage by building a kayak/canoe launch and boardwalks at the Pineville neighborhood Center off of Menge Avenue.

Action 2. Identify locations and opportunities to create public access, including public boat launch ramps, to the Wolf River east of Menge Avenue.

Table 5. Implementation Timeline for Goal 5 Develop and expand recreational opportunities Responsible Parties Possible Immediate Short Term Medium Term Long Term Funding Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-10 Year 11-20 Sources* 5.A. Action 1. Support the community in Harrison County 31, 32 identifying a location for a community park. 5.A. Action 2. Support the placement of the Pineville Nonprofit 31, 32 community park. 5.A. Action 3. Work with a fundraising partner Pineville Nonprofit 1 to raise money and build a playground. 5.A. Action 4. Investigate the possibility of incorporating an aquatic element into the coummunity park. 5.A. Action 5. Coordinate with various agencies Pineville Nonprofit 24, 31 to obtain additional funding sources designated for recreational development. 5.B. Action 1. Use the Concept Plan as a guide Harrison County 15 to promote the development of bike trails and walking paths. 5.B. Action 2. Obtain funding through Safe Harrison County, 19 Routes to School Program to install pedestrian School District infrastructure in the vicinity of the Pineville Elementary School. CTHE PLAN 43

5.C. Action 1. Support the creation of public Harrison County 22 access to Bayou Portage by building a kayak/ canoe launch and boardwalks. 5.C. Action 2. Identify locations and Pineville Nonprofit 22 opportunities to create public access to the Wolf River east of Menge Avenue. * numbers correspond to rows in Grants table, for further information refer to Appendix C Potential Grant Funding Sources

GOAL 6. Improve and maintain the health and welfare of the Pineville community.

STRATEGY A. Expand community facilities and medical services.

Action 1. Work with faith-based, philanthropic or for-profit organizations to identify opportunities to develop a medical clinic in Pineville.

STRATEGY B. Improve roadway safety for the community.

Action 1. Work with local and state transportation officials to secure funding for installation of traffic controls.

Action 2. Coordinate with local and state transportation officials to install appropriate traffic control devices such as speed limit signs, traffic signals, stop signs, and traffic calming devices.

Action 3. Work with community residents to identify and correct unsafe road conditions, such as the curves on Jones and Arcadia Roads.

Action 4. Encourage and coordinate with the appropriate local and state officials to enable the Sheriff Department to use appropriate devices to control speeding on Pineville roads.

STRATEGY C. Enhance safety for the Pineville residents.

Action 1. Coordinate with the Harrison County Sheriff to establish a neighborhood block watch program for the safety of Pineville residents. 44 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Action 2. Encourage fire and police service that is adequate to meet the needs created by new development.

Action 3. Enforce zoning codes as development occurs and ensure that development is consistent with this Plan.

STRATEGY D. Reduce waterway contamination due to poorly functioning septic systems.

Action 1. Work to educate the community on available septic treatment options.

Action 2. Work to identify poorly-functioning and non-functioning septic systems, and to increase compliance with septic regulations in Pineville.

Table 6. Implementation Timeline for Goal 6 Possible Immediate Short Term Medium Term Long Term Improve and maintain the health and welfare of Responsible Parties Funding the Pineville community. Sources* Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-10 Year 11-20 6.A. Action 1. Work with faith-based, philanthropic or for-profit organizations to Pineville Nonprofit 4, 5 identify opportunities to develop a medical clinic in Pineville. 6.B. Action 1. Work with local and state transportation officials to secure funding for Pineville Nonprofit installation of traffic controls. 6.B. Action 2. Encourage the installation of appropriate traffic control devices, such as speed Harrison County limit signs, traffic signals, stop signs, and traffic control devices. 6.B. Action 3. Identify and correct unsafe road Pineville Nonprofit, conditions. Harrison County 6.B. Action 4. Control speeding on Pineville Harrison County roads. 6.C. Action 1. Establish a neighborhood block Pineville Nonprofit, watch program for the safety of the Pineville Harrison County residents. CTHE PLAN 45

6.C. Action 2. Encourage fire and police service that is adequate to meet the needs created by Harrison County new development. 6.C. Action 3. Enforce zoning codes as development occurs and ensure that Harrison County development is consistent with this Plan. * numbers correspond to rows in Grants table, for further information refer to Appendix C Potential Grant Funding Sources

GOAL 7. PROMOTE THE PRINCIPLES OF NEW URBANISM AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT

STRATEGY A. Ensure that community plans and ordinances incorporate the principles of New urbanism (see Appendix D for descriptive information). Action 1. Support the adoption and implementation of the Sector Plan specified in this Plan.

Action 2. Support the application of SmartCode regulations where the community has determined they are appropriate (see Appendix D for descriptive information).

Action 3. Educate property owners and developers about the principles of New urbanism and the SmartCode.

Action 4. Educate property owners and developers about the principals Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED- ND)(see Appendix D for descriptive information).

Action 5. Encourage redevelopment of the W.M. Ladnier Housing Development in a manner consistent with the principles of New urbanism and LEED-ND (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design-Neighborhood Development).

Action 6. Support the amendment of the Zoning Ordinance to require that a minimum amount of land area be devoted to open space in commercial and industrial zoning districts.

Action 7. Explore the feasibility of allowing property owners to use pervious paving materials to reduce stormwater runoff.

Action 8. Encourage the State of Mississippi to become an Energy Star Partner and to establish state incentives for Energy Star construction. 46 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Table 7. Implementation Timeline for Goal 7 Possible Immediate Short Term Medium Term Long Term Promote the principles of New urbanism and Responsible Parties Funding Green Development. Sources* Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6-10 Year 11-20 7.A. Action 1. Support the adoption and implementation of the Sector Plan specified in Harrison County this Plan. 7.A. Action 2. Support the application of SmartCode regulations where the community has Harrison County determined they are appropriate. 7.A. Action 3. Educate property owners and developers about the principals of New Pineville Nonprofit urbanism and the SmartCode. 7.A. Action 4. Educate property owners and Pineville Nonprofit developers about the principals of LEED. Harrison County, 7.A. Action 5. Encourage redevelopment of HUD, Mississippi the W.M. Ladnier Housing Development in a Regional Housing manner consistent with the principles of New Authority, South urbanism and LEED-ND. MS Housing & Development Corp. 7.A. Action 6. Support amendment of the Zoning Ordinance to require a minimum Harrison County amount of open space in commercial and industrial zoning districts. 7.A. Action 7. Explore the feasibility of allowing property owners to use pervious paving materials Harrison County to reduce stormwater runoff. 7.A. Action 8. Encourage the state of Mississippi to become an Energy Star Partner Harrison County, State and to establish state incentives for Energy Star of Mississippi construction. . * numbers correspond to rows in Grants table, for further information refer to Appendix C Potential Grant Funding Sources CTHE PLAN 47

Sector Map and Concept Plan areas. Each of these sectors is described on this and the following pages. The sectors provide an overview of the land use intensity. Several places in the Community Plan for Pineville discuss how the The (O-1) PRESERVED OPEN SPACE SECTOR consists of planning process identified major themes, goals, and strategies as open space already protected from development forever. The well as the development of policy and action recommendations. Preserved Open Space includes underdeveloped areas under While the strategies and actions are quite specific, a number of environmental protection by law or standard, as well as land policies are best expressed visually. The Concept Plan (see Map acquired for conservation through purchase or land protected 2, page 55), Sector Map (see Map 3, page 56), and related visual from development by easement. Areas designated Preserved graphics are the visual representations of these policy statements. Open Sector (O-1) are mapped using the criteria listed below: The Concept Plan conveys general ideas about development a. Surface Water Bodies patterns, public and private investments, and extension b. Protected Wetlands or expansion of existing facilities and services. This map c. Protected Habitats conveys the future development preferences of the citizens d. Riparian Corridors of Pineville based on citizen input. The Concept Plan is e. Purchased Open Space intended to be used in combination with the Sector Map. f. Conservation Easements The Sector Map, a tool associated with the SmartCode, converts g. Residual to Cluster Open Space the land use elements of the Concept Plan into a map that displays additional information about land use intensity and physical The (O-2) RESERVED OPEN SPACE SECTOR is composed of arrangement or development patterns. Eventually these sectors undeveloped parcels larger than 20 acres outside of incorporated may be further defined into transects. Transects are arranged on a cities and wastewater service areas that are either vacant or in rural to urban continuum and identify specific criteria for specific agricultural/forestry use. It also includes open space that should be development proposals. A property owner or developer would but is not yet protected from development. The areas designated develop a site plan using the SmartCode criteria for transects. Reserved Open Sector (O-2) are mapped using the criteria listed below: Combined, the Concept Plan and Sector Map provide a a. Wetlands strong visual representation of the land use policies set by the b. Flood Plain community. One should be able to view these maps and un- c. Steep Slopes derstand generally where intense land uses are proposed, where d. Open Space to be Acquired open space or rural character is to be protected, and what types e. Corridors to be Acquired of public improvements are recommended. This section begins f. Buffers to be Acquired by discussing the types of sectors and then provides a descrip- g. Legacy Woodland tion of the future development patterns for the community. h. Legacy Farmland The Sector mapping method has six sectors, as described i. Legacy Viewsheds on the following pages. Pineville utilizes five of these sectors ranging from the preservation of open space to development 48 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 26. Pine forests and bayous are examples of land that could be preserved in an O-1 or O-2 sector. Source: Jung-Chen Huang CTHE PLAN 49

The (G-1) RESTRICTED GROWTH SECTOR consists of areas neighborhood commercial activities, live-work units (see Figure of rural development. This sector includes neighborhood centers 28), and one or more access points to Bayou Portage (see Figure 29). and clustered residences with parcel sizes ranging from one-half Additional possibilities for the center include sidewalks and bicycle acre lots within the neighborhood centers to lots up to 20 or more paths, protection of the live oaks along Menge Avenue, as well as acres outside the centers. Neighborhood centers may also have a protection of the special character of Menge Avenue itself. These small amount of business and some civic uses located near main possibilities are in addition to the planned reopening of the Cuevas intersections. Areas within the G-1 designation may have value as Bistro and the opening of the new St. Vincent de Paul School. open space, but are subject to development based on the existing The community should come together to host a neighborhood zoning. These areas may be outside of the sewer service area. center design workshop to further define concepts for this area. The neighborhood center should develop consistent with the The (G-2) CONTROLLED GROWTH SECTOR consists of principles of New Urbanism and the U.S. Green Building Council’s locations where development is encouraged, as it can support LEED-ND standards described further in the Appendix D. The higher density residential uses, and in some cases limited business area is classified as G-1 on the Sector Map and represents the only G- activities such as neighborhood commercial in neighborhood 1 location recommended for neighborhood commercial activities. centers or neighborhood development areas by virtue or These recommendations are in response to the community proximity to a thoroughfare and availability of sewer service. desire to restore connections to its heritage, increase public access to the bayous, protect the existing character of Menge Avenue, and The (G-3) INTENDED GROWTH SECTOR consists to accommodate new small scale development opportunities that of locations along high-capacity thoroughfares that can are sensitive to the natural features and rural character of the area. support substantial development in the form of a regional development center and may include residential uses in excess Preservation Areas of three units per acre, general commercial activities, and civic The Concept Plan supports the preservation of natural areas along uses. These areas have or will have access to sewer service. the Wolf River and the bayous in Pineville. These preservation areas could accommodate additional recreational opportunities, The (SD) SPECIAL DISTRICT designation including public canoe and kayak access and fishing as well as bicycle covers unique development areas that are and pedestrian paths and boardwalks. Access points could be isolated from existing residential neighborhoods. provided near the Cuevas Bistro, Discovery Bay, and the Arboretum. Additionally, specific areas in Pineville should be preserved as natural areas. These areas are classified Neighborhood Center as O-1 and O-2 on the Sector Map though preserved The Concept Plan proposes to strengthen the historic center of natural areas are encouraged in all of the sectors. Pineville through the promotion of a neighborhood center near These recommendations are in response to the community’s the intersection of Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road (see Figure desire to maintain its rural character and protect its natural 27). This center could include additional residential development, resources. Much of the area’s rural character is defined by the 50 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 27. A rendering showing concepts for the Pineville Neighborhood Center, including mixed use development and preserved open space. Prepared by: Radhika Mathur CTHE PLAN 51

Figure 28. A conceptual drawing demonstrating the type of live-work units that might be appropriate for Pineville road. Residents would live in the building and have a workshop at the rear or have sales at the front. For two-story buildings, residents would live upstairs and have a business downstairs. Source: Andrews Universtiy

Figure 29. A conceptual drawing showing a dock on Bayou Portage next to the Old Cuevas Store. Source: Andrews University 52 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Wolf River, the bayous, associated wetlands, and the forested community. These activities could occur in the G-1 or G-2 areas. Further, these recommendations are in response to the sectors. These activities should be very limited and consistent stated desire to increase recreational opportunities, especially with the character of the surrounding uses. Examples of those associated with the bayous and Wolf River. Finally, such uses home-based occupations could include home- these recommendations would aid in reducing the impacts of based offices, such as bookkeeping, where activities would be localized flooding, as well as, flooding associated with hurricane inside and create minimal traffic. More intense rural home- storm surges, while also providing improved wildlife habitats. based businesses could occur in the neighborhood centers. These recommendations are in response to the community’s Commercial Areas desire to increase business opportunities while protecting existing In addition to potential neighborhood commercial activi- uses from incompatible activities. They are also a response ties located within the neighborhood center, the Sector Map to current development proposals and market conditions. and Concept Plan accommodates additional commercial ac- Commercial locations near interstate highways generally tivities at Interstate Highway 10 intersections and at the east- attract higher intensity uses. It is anticipated that by focusing ern end of 28th Street. Commercial activities near Interstate the most intense commercial activities in these locations, the Highway 10 are encouraged to occur as part of neighbor- neighborhood development areas and centers will be able to hood development areas or a regional development center. accommodate locally owned, neighborhood-serving businesses. Neighborhood development areas are areas that are primarily residential, but also include some commercial Residential Areas development. Neighborhood development areas are encouraged The Concept Plan recommends several development patterns for at the Interstate Highway 10 and Menge Avenue interchange residential areas within Pineville. Consistent with the principles and at the Interstate Highway 10 and Canal Road interchange. of New Urbanism many of these areas occur within a mixed An additional neighborhood development area is supported use pattern. Residential development can occur in any of the near the intersection of 28th Street and Canal Road . These growth areas, classified as G-1, G-2, and G-3. The majority of neighborhood development areas are classified as G-2 on the planning area, however, is recommended to remain rural the Sector Map and could include suburban-scale residential residential, classified as G-1. These G-1 areas, often constrained development, neighborhood commercial activities, and civic by environmental features and with limited access to water or uses all of which should be arranged with a defined center. sewer, should generally be limited to single family residences on A regional development center is encouraged at the Interstate lots in excess of one acre. In locations, where sewer and water Highway 10 and Beatline Road interchange. This center is classi- are available, it would be appropriate to cluster the residences, fied as G-3 on the Sector Map and could include high density resi- in the G-1 sector, to avoid the most environmentally sensitive dential development including single-family and multifamily units, portions of the site, as an alternative to lots of one acre or more. general and highway oriented commercial activities, and civic uses. In cases where cluster development is incorporated, the intent is Small scale home-based occupations and rural home- to preserve the rural character of the community by conserving based businesses may be appropriate throughout the Pineville land and providing a rural living environment for residents. CCTHE PLAN 53

Suburban scale residential development, that is development Recreation with one to three homes per acre, is recommended in areas The Concept Plan supports the development of pedestrian and where sewer and water are or may be available. These areas bicycle paths that could connect to similarly planned paths in Gulf- may include single family homes and duplexes. These areas port, Long Beach, and Pass Christian as well as to the Pineville Ele- are shown on the Concept Plan along Espy Avenue. Within the mentary School. Additional recreational opportunities are encour- neighborhood development areas at the Menge and Canal Road aged along the Wolf River and Bayou Portage. These areas could interchanges of Interstate Highway 10, this could also include be enhanced by providing boardwalks or observation towers and neighborhood commercial activities, in addition to single-family canoe/kayak access points. Fishing should be accommodated along residential. These areas are classified as G-2 on the Sector Map. the bayous and river. Motorboats and other motorized water vehi- Higher density residential development, that is development cles can be utilized along the Wolf River and St. Louis Bay, however with more than three homes per acre, is recommended in areas restrictions may be necessary to minimize erosion of the banks. where sewer and water are or may be available and where other The Concept Plan also supports the creation of a new park factors warrant the higher densities. These areas may include single and other recreational amenities such as some form of aquatic rec- family homes, duplexes, townhouses, and home-based occupations. reation in a location to be determined by the community. There are These areas are shown along Beatline Road and on Canal Road at a variety of funding sources that could assist in paying for added the present location of the manufactured housing park. These areas recreational amenities and are stated in more detail in Appendix C. are classified as G-2 on the Sector Map. Uses uch as apartments and These recommendations are in response to the community’s condominiums could be included in the area identified as a regional desire to increase recreation opportunities and to aid in development center as shown near the Interstate Highway 10 and strengthening the identity of the Pineville Neighborhood Center. Beatline Road interchange. This area is classified as G-3 on the Sector Map. In areas that allow higher density residential development, the Special Districts property owner could choose to include lower density residential uses. The Sector Map designates a number of areas in Pineville as These recommendations are in response to the need to provide Special Districts. These areas either currently contain or are additional housing to accommodate the projected population planned to contain land uses that are unique and are not readily increase and to respond to the stated desire to maintain the majority incorporated into the surrounding development patterns. These of Pineville in a low density rural residential setting. Targeting areas include the race track northeast of Canal Road, the naval extensions of sewer and water to the identified growth areas will base, the Long Beach Industrial Park, and the area along St. serve to stimulate development in these areas, thereby limiting the Louis Bay currently zoned for casino and resort land uses. pressure to spread residential development throughout the entire The Concept Plan recommends that the racetrack and naval planning area. Development of residential uses in any of these base continue as currently operated, depicted as recreational/ areas could use clustering to avoid sensitive environmental features institution use. The Concept Plan recommends that the Long and should be consistent with the principles of New Urbanism Beach Industrial Park continue to operate as an employment and the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED-ND standards. center accommodating light industrial uses. The Concept Plan recommends that the land along St. Louis Bay and currently 54 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE zoned for a casino resort develop as such in a manner that continued success and vitality of the industrial park, and at the promotes the preservation of wetlands and other natural same time reduce traffic on the north-south corridors in Pineville. features. The Sector Map identifies Knollwood Shores and Discovery Bay as Special Districts. The Concept Plan recommends that the properties in Knollwood Shores develop with single-family housing on the lots that currently exist. This recommendations is contingent on sewer availability to service this development. The Concept Plan recommends that Discovery Bay be redeveloped with conservation oriented development, allowing for residential uses and conservation of wetlands and other natural features. This could allow property owners to protect and enjoy the natural environment while realizing some economic benefit from the property.

Transportation Improvements The Concept Plan acknowledges that the proposed Mississippi Route 601, also known as the Canal Road Connector, will cross a portion of Pineville near Long Beach. This route will provide a new connection between the State Port at Gulfport and Interstate Highway 10. The Gulf Regional Planning Commission and local communities are also considering opportunities for a new East- Figure 30. Discovery Bay has remained largely undeveloped since West corridor that would run east and west through Pass Christian the 1960s. This Plan identifies alternative development possibili- and Long Beach, eventually connecting to the planned Mississippi ties. Route 601. This extension would aid in moving industrial traffic Source: Jung-Chen Huang associated with the Pass Christian and Long Beach industrial parks onto the new Route 601 and, at the same time, relieve traffic pressure from Menge Avenue. The West Harrison County Connector would improve traffic flow north and south through Pineville. Several locations for an improved north-south corrdior could be feasible. This Plan encourages coordination with surrounding communities and the Gulf Regional Planning Commission to identify an alternative that would benefit the Pineville community. The construction of these new roads could also aid in the CTHE PLAN 55 Prepared by: Sutirtha Das Sutirtha

Map 2. Pineville Concept Plan Source: Ohio State University, SMPDD (basemap) 56 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 3. Sector map Source: Ohio State University, SMPDD(basemap) CCAPPENDIX A 57 Appendix A. Background

Historical Background to call Pineville home. The earliest known settler of Pineville was John Dale, who owned most of the land before the Civil War. His younger brother, Sam Dale, Settling in the Leaning Pines was involved in the Battle of New Orleans. His son, Pineville was aptly named for the pine trees that are still Stephen Dale, cultivated the area for truck farming. common within this region of southern Mississippi. He sold off most of the virgin lumber but retained The local Native Americans, the Choctaws, called the the land. By 1820, Ramon Lizana, an immigrant from foliage along the area’s bayous the “leaning pines.” As Cadiz, Spain, owned 164 acres around the Wolf River.4 a reminder of the earliest settlers of the Pineville area, relics of the Choctaw have occasionally been found. The Choctaw raised corn and similar crops while using the bountiful supply of seafood from the bay and bayous to supplement meat from wild game. From Bayou Portage, (the act or place of carrying boats overland from one stream to another) they would carry their canoes overland eastward to bayous leading to Biloxi Bay in order to trade, using sign language and a simple trade lingo with the neighboring Biloxi nation.1 In a similar manner, they were able to forge a communication system with the first white settlers to southern Mississippi. Lieutenant Compte De Lisle, a cartographer in the French expedition of Pierre le Moyne, Sieur d’Iberville, may have been among the first Europeans to observe the area known as Pineville in 1700. The Choctaws may have told De Lisle about the black wolves in the area, leading him to name a large stream Riviere des Loups (the Wolf River).2 DeLisle also named Figure 31. Leopold Lizana, a third generation settler Bayou Portage for the portage route the Choctaw who was a bridge tender at the Wolf River, is shown used to trade with the Biloxi.3 In the early nineteenth with his family during the 1880s. From the collection century, many settlers of European descent began of Leroy Lizana. 58 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

The long-leaf pine forests were significant to the and the neighboring bayous to small steam-powered economic health of the community. Cattle herds fed on sawmills called “popcorn mills.”6 With the widespread the coarse grass that grew under the pines. There were a use of sail vessels for transportation and the availability number of wolves and black bears in the area, and since of timber, there were a number of shipyards in the deer were plentiful, the early settlers lived by hunting area, including the Lassabe shipyard on the Wolf River. and tending their stock.5 During certain times of the year, logs were rafted and floated down Wolf River

Figure 32. A schooner crossed land across Pineville north of Camp Tuggville during the Civil War. Source: From the collection of Wallace Farrugut. CCAPPENDIX A 59

An Established Community Nursing Home exists on the site of the historical camp. In 1851 an immigrant from France, Bertrand Labardens, Inland trading within Pineville came down Red came to the coast, homesteaded 165 acres, and opened Creek Road to the town of Pass Christian. Water a grocery store and post office. In the 1870s the store transportation and trade were affected by the New began to prosper, so he enlisted the help of U. A. Orleans, Mobile, and Chattanooga railroad, which was Cuevas, a descendant of the famous Cat Island Cuevas completed in 1870. While trade along Red Creek declined family. In 1893 Cuevas took over the operation after he with the completion of the New Orleans and Meridian married one of Laborden’s daughters. Cuevas worked railway, it came to a complete end with the arrival hard to establish the post office that served the rural of the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad in the 1890s. 10 community. He submitted the name Pineville for the station, but the government rejected the request because there was another Pineville in northern Mississippi.7 He then decided to name it after himself; hence, the community of Pineville is also called Cuevas. Produce, wool, and wood were brought in from the interior to “The importance of the the Cuevas store and sent by freight schooners along Bayous in Pineville during the adjacent bayou to markets such as New Orleans. the late 1800s declined Cuevas also operated a sawmill a little further up along with the arrival of the Bayou Portage, but later sold it to the Dubuisson brothers, who continued to operate it for a few decades. Gulf and Ship Island When the railroad came through, trading ceased and the Railroad.” Figure 33. Willow Springs was a stop for boats sawmill operation declined. Cuevas no longer shipped moving cargo along the Wolf River. and received goods via the schooners along Bayou Source: From the collection of Evan Kapp Portage. The store continued to sell groceries, general merchandise, and animal feed well into the early 1970s. Catholicism was the area’s dominant religion in the During the Civil War in the early 1860s there was a 1890s, with a population of 100 who attended mass at Confederate camp along White Rock Road (now Menge neighboring churches. Pass Christian’s St. Paul Church Avenue) named Camp Tuggville. The 3rd Mississippi held mass on a weekly basis, and the mission church Infantry C.S.A., led by Brigadier General Charles G. St. Lucy’s, which was located in the neighborhood Dahlgren, occupied it. The soldiers communicated of Willow Springs, held monthly services.11 St. Lucy within the forests through a code of whip pops.8 was served by priests of Our Lady of Good Hope Few shots were fired when 1,200 Union troops took Parish at DeLisle, who traveled by horse and buggy over the area after coming ashore at Pass Christian and crossed the bayou by ferry at Rouse’s Bridge. In in April of 1862.9 Today, the Dixie White House 1896 Our Lady of Good Hope acquired a new pastor, 60 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 35. Portrait of Helen Lassabe of Willow Springs in a wedding dress in the 1880’s. Souece: From the collection of Evan Kapp

Figure 34. Children going to Pineville Elementary and High School in a wagon driven by John Dubuisson on Red Creek Road in 1914. Source: From the collection of Evan Kapp

Figure 36. Many of the “leaning pines” and the Figure 37. 50th wedding anniversary of Yancy and Agnus D. bayous are as pristine as they were during the days of Lassabe (at the center) on Red Creek Road, officiated by Father the Choctaw. Rene Joseph Sorin (far left) on July 7, 1937. Source: Alton Willis Source: From the collection of Evan Kapp CCAPPENDIX A 61 a young Frenchman named Father Rene Joseph Sorin. Ferrymen would walk from one end of the boat to Devoted to his people, he started the work of financing the other, pulling on the cable, and then return to and building the facility after seeing the need for a their starting point and pull again.15 Lumbering was church in Pineville. U. A. Cuevas donated the land at still active in the Wolf River Valley. It is said that the the corner of Menge and Woodland Way, and donated Dubuisson’s sawmill kept the community of Pineville lumber was cut and dressed by the local Dubuisson eating during the Great Depression of the 1930s.16 Brothers Sawmill.12 The area’s carpenters built and At the turn of the 20th Century, the youth of furnished the building, which opened in 1906 with Pineville were educated by private tutors, local church Father Sorin dedicating it as Our Lady of Lourdes. schools, and schools in Pass Christian. In 1915 Pineville Elementary School was built on the same 20th Century Pineville site 15 years later in 1930, with wood used for heating B. F. Lindsay, who invented the pecan scooper at the turn Pineville High School was built 15 years later in 1930. of the 20th century, grew the “Stuart” pecan in the many After the decline of trade in the region, Pass pecan groves of the area. Other notable individuals of Christian experienced a tourism boom that allowed Pineville in the 19th and 20th centuries include Attorney it to become a cultural center; whereas, Pineville Rand Jones, Principal T. J. Broadacres, James Stevens, remained a rural, bedroom community. After World LaBorden Cuevas, and Raymond Sanchez. Famous War II, people from Kiln and Saucier began to move family names of the community include Lizana, Jones, into and reside in Pineville.17 Brim fishing had become Dubuisson, Dale, Dedeaux, and Cuevas. A notable commonplace along Bayou Arcadian. At the corner landmark, still standing today in Pineville, is the Bridge of what is now Menge Avenue and Woodland Way, Tender’s Home, which was moved in 1980’s from a Our Lady of Lourdes Church was considered the location west of Menge Avenue by Rouse’s Bridge over “center of town” in the 1950s. Steady growth called the Wolf River. Presently located further south on the east for a larger and modern building, so in 1955 about 25 side of Menge Avenue, it is said to be over 150 years old.13 acres of land were purchased from Mr. and Mrs. Gus Around 1900 Duncan Beech opened a store at Doleac for a new church site.18 The new church was the intersection of Red Creek Road and 28th Street officially opened and dedicated in April of 1959 a half that furnished charcoal burners for the charcoal mile south on Menge Avenue near Evangeline Road. demand in New Orleans. At the western end of the Hurricane Camille damaged many of the homes in intersection, the road led to a ferry operated by the Pineville in 1969. The storm hampered the development Reverend William Bell. Bell had previously operated of Discovery Bay, a 700-acre planned resort on Bayou the ferry at the Rouse’s Bridge location. A cable rested Portage more than 1,000 residential lots, as well as a on the bottom to permit another vessel to pass over number of other planned developments.19 No one has it at Bell’s Ferry. When a bugle was blown, the cable been willing or able to develop a wastewater treatment was loosened so passing vessels could proceed.14 facility. After Camille, the residents were able to rebuild 62 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE and the population steadily increased. In recent decades, Pineville planning area boundaries (see map 6). Additionally, data from the has continued to exist largely as a rural, residential community. decennial Censuses of Population and Housing conducted by the US Bureau of the Census are utilized. Data from the 2000 Census includes portions of Census Tracts 31.01 (Block Groups 1 and 2) and 31.02 (Block Groups 1 and 3). The 1990 Census data includes Demographics portions of Census Tracts 31.01 (Block Groups 1 and 2) and 31.02 (Block Groups 3 and 4). The 1990 Census Block Group boundaries A demographic analysis of Pineville is important to a planning correspond closely with the Pineville planning area (Refer Map process such as this one. The analysis provides insight into 4), whereas the 2000 Census Block Group boundaries (Refer Map the community’s present and past conditions and is useful in 5) include large areas north of Interstate Highway 10 that are forecasting community needs. A look at demographic trends outside of our planning area and therefore inflate the population. is helpful in the formation of goals and recommendations. The analysis primarily uses 2000 Census data in order to assess The majority of the data presented comes from the Traffic trends in the community. To make this demographic as meaningful Analysis Zones (TAZ) provided by the Gulf Regional Planning as possible, we compared Pineville numbers with those of Commission. The boundaries of the TAZ closely match the surrounding communities, the County, and the State of Mississippi.

Map 4. Census Block Groups, 1990.20 Map 5. Census Block Groups, 2000.21 Source: US Census Bureau Source: US Census Bureau Note: Colors differnetiate block groups. CAPPENDIX A 63

Map 6. Traffic Analysis Zones, 2002 Source: Gulf Regional Planning Commission Note: Colors differnetiate TAZ’s. 64 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Population 18 according to the 2000 U.S. Census (see Figure 39). The 2002 population of Pineville was 4,973 according to estimates from Table 8. TAZ Data for Pineville the Gulf Regional Planning Commission. While the population is likely to TAZ TAZ PROJECTED POPULATION22 have declined slightly after Hurricane Katrina as people were temporarily 2002 2030 POPULATION23 displaced, in the future the population is expected to continue to increase. 349* 50 349 279 351* 417 351 471 Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Population 394* 337 394 339 Immediately following Hurricane Camille, many citizens of 395* 602 395 886 Pass Christian and Long Beach relocated to the less affected 397 85 397 110 community of Pineville after realizing that they would be 398* 752 398 944 unable to rebuild in their former communities. A similar 399* 786 399 836 trend may be occurring now, as Hurricane Katrina had caused 400 127 400 140 limited damage in portions of the community (Map 12). 401 214 401 1,748 402 617 402 907 Population Forecast 403 660 403 986 The Gulf Regional Planning Commission has projected the 404* 162 404 560 population of Pineville will increase nearly by 72 percent to 426 164 426 351 8,557 by 2030, as shown in Table 8. While the population is Total 4,973 Total 8,557 expected to increase significantly growth can be concentrated in Source: Gulf Regional Planning Commission specific areas to protect the rural character of the community. *Denotes areas that are partially outside of the planning area.

Race Figure 38. Race Composition, Pineville, 2000 According to 2000 Census data, Pineville is primarily African American comprised of residents who identify themselves as Non- 19.41% Hispanic White and African American. The other racial Asian White 0.54% groups are nearly equally distributed (see Fugure 38) African American Other Asian Age 1.78% According to the 2000 Census the median age of Pineville residents is Other 36. When broken out by age groups, Pineville’s age composition White American American Indian,Pacific Islander is similar to Harrison County in general. More than half of 77.72% Indian,Pacific the residents of Pineville are of working ages between 18 and Islander 0.54% 54. Pineville also has a significant number of children, with nearly 30 percent of population under the age of Source: Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. CCAPPENDIX A 65

18 according to the 2000 U.S. Census (see Figure 39). Income Harrison County, and Mississippi shows that 13.2 percent Table 8. TAZ Data for Pineville According to the 2000 Census, Pineville’s median of households have an income of less than $10,000. TAZ TAZ PROJECTED household income recorded for 1999, at $32,074, is higher Table 9 indicates that only 6.6 percent of people in POPULATION22 2002 2030 POPULATION23 than that of Long Beach, but lower than that of Pass Pineville have a household income of $100,000 or more. 349* 50 349 279 Christian and Harrison County, as shown in Figure 40. Per capita income is the result of area aggregate 351* 417 351 471 The comparison of household income of Pineville, income divided by population. According to the 2000 394* 337 394 339 395* 602 395 886 3% 397 85 397 110 15% 398* 752 398 944 399* 786 399 836 15% 400 127 400 140 401 214 401 1,748 402 617 402 907 403 660 403 986 14% 404* 162 404 560 Under 10 years 426 164 426 351 10 to 17 years Total 4,973 Total 8,557 18 and 21 years 22 to 34 years Source: Gulf Regional Planning Commission 35 to 54 years *Denotes areas that are partially outside of the planning area. 55 to 74 years 75 and older Figure 38. Race Composition, Pineville, 2000 African American 31% 6% 19.41% Asian White 0.54% African American 16% Other Asian 1.78% Other White American American Indian,Pacific Islander 77.72% Indian,Pacific Islander Figure 39. Age Composition, Pineville, 2000 0.54% Source: Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. Source: Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. 66 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Table 9. Comparison of household income, 2000. Pineville Percent Harrison County Percent Mississippi state Percent

Less than $10,000 322 13.2 8,000 11.2 169,227 16.2

$10,000 to $14,999 200 8.2 5,265 7.4 92,129 8.8

$15,000 to $19,999 214 8.7 5,156 7.2 83,903 8.0

$20,000 to $24,999 148 6.1 5,839 8.2 80,927 7.7

$25,000 to $29,999 194 7.9 5,442 7.6 75,508 7.2

$30,000 to $34,999 146 6.0 5,409 7.6 72,458 6.9

$35,000 to $39,999 143 5.8 4,972 6.9 64,217 6.1

$40,000 to $44,999 144 5.9 4,332 6.0 58,055 5.5

$45,000 to $49,999 106 4.3 3,788 5.3 49,138 4.7

$50,000 to $59,999 204 8.3 6,393 8.9 82,749 7.9

$60,000 to $74,999 231 9.4 6,639 9.3 85,644 8.2

$75,000 to $99,999 231 9.4 5,755 8.0 70,718 6.8

$100,000 to $124,999 74 3.0 2,161 3.0 28,841 2.8

$125,000 to $149,999 40 1.6 840 1.2 11,498 1.1

$150,000 to $199,999 16 0.7 692 1.0 9,904 0.9

$200,000 or more 33 1.3 935 1.3 12,639 1.2 Source: Census of Population and Housing, US Census Bureau, 2000. CCAPPENDIX A 67

Table 10. Comparison of per capita income, 2000. Pineville Harrison County Mississippi state Per capita income $14,378 $18,024 $15,853 Source: Census of Population and Housing, US Census Bureau, 2000.

$45,000

$40,000

$35,000

$30,000

$25,000 Median Household Income $20,000 Per Capita Income $15,000

$10,000

$5,000

$0 Pineville Long Beach Pass Christian Harrison County

Figure 40. Comparison of Pineville’s Household Median Income and Per Captal Income with surounding community. Source: Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 U.S. Census, Pineville’s per capita income, $14,378 (in high school diploma or equivalent, lower than the county 1999 dollars), is higher than Long Beach’s per capita income but higher than the state level. Long Beach has the highest at $12,586. Pineville’s per capita income is significantly comparable educational attainment level at 86 percent. lower than Pass Christian’s at $26,008 (see Table 10). In terms of post-high school education, 14 percent of Pineville residents who are 25 years and older have a Education Bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to 18.4 percent in all. Table 11 shows educational attainment for Pineville and Harrison County. Among the comparison communities, each of the comparison communities according to the Pineville has the lowest proportion of citizens 25 and 2000 U.S. Census. Of persons age 25 years and older, older with a college degree or above at 14 percent. roughly 78 percent of Pineville’s residents have at least a 68 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Table 11 . Educational Attainment in 2000 (For people age 25 years and older). Completed High School Diploma Bachelor’s Degree and Above (%) (%)

Pineville24 78 14

Long Beach 86 24

Pass Christian 85 28

Harrison County 80.3 18.4

Mississippi 72.9 16.9 Source. Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. Harrison County Occupational Training Center is also in the planning area. Located in the Long Beach Industrial Park, the center offers programs in business and computers, health occupations, electricity/electronics, culinary arts, metalwork, drafting, auto body repair, mechanics, and landscape.25

Housing Characteristics

An analysis of housing in the Pineville planning area is Figure 41. Our Lady of Lourdes Church is adding a important to classify the existing housing stock as well school. as to identify the community’s future housing needs. Source: Jung-Chen Huang Such analysis should determine the quality of dwelling units within the community. This assessment allows for Pineville Elementary is located on Pineville Road, better decision-making in the overall planning process but students commute to attend middle and high for the future of Pineville. It provides a detailed school outside of the community. A new school, St. explanation of housing in Pineville prior to Hurricane Vincent de Paul is planned to be built by Our Lady Katrina along with current conditions. Data for the of Lourdes Church on Menge Ave (see Figure 41). housing characteristics analysis was obtained from the Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College, West CCAPPENDIX A 69

Table 12. Comparison of Housing Types in 2000 Single-family Unit Multi-family Unit Manufactured Home Boat, RV, etc.

Pineville 62% 10% 27% 1%

Pass Christian 78% 20% 2% 0%

Long Beach 74% 25% 1% 0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Summary File 3 2002 Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) by the Gulf Regional About one-fourth of the total housing units in 2000 were Planning Commission and from the U.S. Census Bureau, manufactured homes and far fewer were classified as both of which have different boundaries that are multi-family units. Two other neighboring communities, somewhat different from the planning boundary, see Map Long Beach and Pass Christian, had only a small fraction 6. The TAZ data are more accurately confined within of housing units within their area that were manufactured the Pineville planning area than the Block Groups of the homes. This might be indicative of the fact that U.S. Census Bureau. Although the TAZ data are more Pineville is within the unincorporated area of Harrison recent and accurate, they provide limited information, County and is more rural in nature than its neighbors. while the US Census data is more comprehensive.26 Housing Sizes Housing Types As of 2000, about one-third of the households within Homes within the community of Pineville are located in a Pineville had two persons residing in them and one mostly rural, scenic setting among tranquil pines and live fifth of the households had three persons. This is oaks. The majority of the housing stock can be described similar to the number of two-person households as single-family, detached structures on large lots. As of found in the neighboring communities of Harrison 2002, there were 1,871 housing units based on TAZ data. County. More than 40 percent of the housing units in The most common types of housing units ranged Pineville had three bedrooms, and almost 30 percent from ranch and colonial styles, as well as manufactured of the housing units had only two. In sum, the homes. Of the housing units in Pineville according to average home in Pineville was a single-family structure the 2000 US Census, more than 60 percent of the total with three bedrooms and two persons living in it. housing units were classified as single-family homes. 70 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Table 13. Household size Long Beach Pass Christian Pineville 1-person 23% 27% 16% 2-person 32% 38% 34% 3-person 18% 16% 20% 4-person 15% 11% 16% 5-person 8% 5% 8% 6-or-more-person 4% 3% 6% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Summary File 3 Ages of Housing decade, which signifies a stable community with significant The Pineville area began to experience a significant growth. A higher ratio of owner-occupied housing units increase in housing construction in the 1950s. This exists in Pineville than in the neighboring locales of Long trend is indicative of families leaving urban centers Beach and Pass Christian. This is a typical, since Pineville to live in more rural residential environments. At is more rural in character than the other two locales.. the same time that rural Pineville was experiencing an increase in housing units, the adjacent cities Housing Value saw a slower rate of housing construction. As of 2000, the median value of owner-occupied homes in the community of Pineville was $81,225 (see table Housing Occupancy Status and Tenure 16). Although this is higher than the median value of According to the 2000 U.S. Census, homeowners occupied 73 homes in the state of Mississippi, the homes in Pineville percent of the housing units in Pineville, representing nearly were more than $10,000 less than the homes within the three-quarters of the housing (see Table 15). Households incorporated limits of Pass Christian and Long Beach. that rented represented one-fifth of the housing within the This is typical for rural communities in Harrison County, area. The remaining housing units were considered vacant such as Pineville, in comparison with other urban locales. and represented about 7 percent of the community’s Upon closer observation, the median value of available units. Within the vacant units, 3 percent were homes in Pass Christian was slightly under the median considered as seasonal or occasional housing. Within this value of homes in Pineville in 1990. A decade later, same period, the number of housing units occupied by the value of Pass Christian’s homes appreciated by renters increased by 100 percent. The vacancy rate of the 64 percent, while Pineville’s appreciated 33 percent. housing stock has dramatically decreased within the last Pineville’s appreciation rate for occupied homes CAPPENDIX A 71

2% No bedroom 7% 21% 29% 1 bedroom

2 bedrooms

3 bedrooms

4 or more bedrooms 41%

Figure 42. Bedrooms of housing units in Pineville Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Summary File 3

Table 14. Comparison of year housing built YEAR Pineville Pass Christian Long Beach Harrison County

1939 or earlier 2% 10% 3% 5%

1940 to 1949 2% 5% 3% 5%

1950 to 1959 7% 10% 7% 11%

1960 to 1969 13% 20% 26% 15%

1970 to 1979 19% 21% 25% 23%

1980 to 1989 28% 13% 18% 16%

1990 to March 2000 29% 21% 18% 22% Source. U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Summary File 3 72 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE was 10 percentage points less than that of the state it has since been repaired, with households being of Mississippi and nearly half of the appreciation able to return, it is being planned for redevelopment. rate for incorporated Pass Christian between 1990 Before Hurricane Katrina there were two and 2000. In comparing three locales in Harrison manufactured home parks located to the east of Canal County, Pineville has the smallest number of owner- Road within the eastern part of the planning area, the occupied homes that are valued at more than $100,000. Travis Lott Mobile Home Park and Dolan’s Trailer Park. With renovations from moderate wind damage, these Status of Housing Post-Katrina manufactured home parks are now fully-occupied. Since Some areas within Pineville sustained catastrophic Hurricane Katrina there has been a significant increase damage because of the storm surge from St. Louis in the number of manufactured homes on large lots Bay, including the Knollwood Shores subdivision along throughout the community. The Stablewood Estates Johnson’s Bayou and residences along Arcadia Farm neighborhood, located above the Wolf River, is a Road. Smaller neighborhoods along Menge Avenue, such recent large-lot, single-family residential developments as the Brynewood Estates, the Gladacres subdivision, for affluent households. There were only a few prior and the Leanwood Estates, did not experience flooding, to Hurricane Katrina; however, the construction of but there was moderate roof damage from the storm’s homes has accelerated since the storm.29 There is also a winds.27 A majority of the housing stock located on planned 90-unit townhouse development in the southern the eastern side of Menge Avenue within the planning portion along Menge Avenue across from the Dixie area experienced limited damage. The W. M. Ladnier White House Nursing Home. The increase in labor and Homes, a low density, 82 unit public housing complex material costs, as well as the availability of both following managed by the Mississippi Housing Authority Region Hurricane Katrina, will affect the amount of housing VIII, sustained heavy roof and wall damage.28 Although rebuilt as well as any new additional housing units.30

Table 15. Changes in Occupancy Status of Pineville Pineville Pass Christian Long Beach

Owner occupied 73% 59% 60%

Renter occupied 20% 22% 31%

Vacant 4% 7% 6%

Seasonal/Occasional 3% 12% 3% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 1990 and 2000, Summary File 3 CCAPPENDIX A 73

Revised flood elevations will also affect the number of the planning area will likely more than double within the homes being renovated or built, particularly west of next 20 years while household sizes continue to decline. Menge Avenue. The number of housing units within

Table 16. Median value of all owner-occupied housing units Median Value 1990 Median Value 2000 Numerical Difference Percentage Difference Pineville $60,975 $81,225 $20,250 33.2% Pass Christian $60,300 $99,000 $38,700 64.2%

Long Beach $62,200 $92,900 $30,700 49.4%

Harrison County $54,900 $82,000 $27,100 49.4% Mississippi $45,100 $64,700 $19,600 43.5% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Summary File 3

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20% Pineville 10% Pass Christian 0% Long Beach Less than $50 $50 to $99 $100 to $149 $150 to $199 $200 to $299 $300 to $499 $500 to $999 $1,000 or more Thousands Figure 43. Comparison in value of owner occupied homes in 2000. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Summary File 3 74 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Land Use and Zoning

Development History Skyline Hills Ranch was also intended to be a The Pineville area has maintained a distinctly rural very large development, with both city-scale and larger character throughout its history. To this day it is estate-sized lots platted along the Wolf River.34 As with dominated by pine forests, low density housing, and Discovery Bay, water and sewer never came to the area, limited commercial development. In the past 60 and in the early 1970s Interstate Highway 10 was built, years many developers have seen opportunities in the cutting right through the heart of the development.35 community, seeking to capitalize on both its pleasant rural Hurricane Camille impacted the Pineville community atmosphere and its proximity to the coast and bayous. significantly. Other hurricanes have a similar effect on A number of different plans for large-scale development in the region. An unnamed hurricane in 1947 development have not progressed past the planning caused a 12 foot tide and, of course, Hurricane Katrina stages, and the effect of these not-quite-realized inflicted heavy damage in the fall of 2005. The surge plans can be seen in present-day Pineville. The from Katrina covered nearly half of Pineville, and areas were subdivided into single-family lots and 20 to 30 percent of homes reported water damage.36 outfitted with streets, but were never completed. Most of the eastern portion of Pineville is not as The reasons why the vast majority of these single- susceptible to flooding and hurricane damage as the family lots remain empty can be traced back western portion along the Wolf River and Bayous, and it to many factors, ranging from the weather and has therefore developed in a more typical fashion. In fact, the topography of the land to simple bad luck. the development of the area from about Menge Avenue The largest and most significant example of these east to Canal Road has been characterized by relatively planned communities is Discovery Bay, a development steady growth in a rural residential development pattern. proposed in the 1960s that featured the celebrity Starting in the 1990s the pace of single-family endorsement of the singer Pat Boone.31 It is located residential growth picked up, with a 50 percent in the western portion of the planning area, south of increase in the number of housing units.37 There is the Wolf River and it was planned and the streets laid no reason to think that this growth won’t continue, out right before the arrival of Hurricane Camille. It especially when considering some of the development sits on very low-lying land that was flooded with over projects currently under way. One such project is 14 feet of storm surge. After the storm, the planned Stablewood, a new development on 64 acres of land water and sewer system was never installed, and the just east of Menge Avenue and south of Interstate area has remained essentially unchanged for the past Highway 10. It is in its early stages, but it will 35 years. 32 The only significant development in feature large single-family homes on spacious lots. Discovery Bay that ever came to fruition was a marina Most of the industrial development in Pineville is and RV park that was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.33 concentrated in the Long Beach Industrial Park, which CCAPPENDIX A 75 was established approximately 25 years ago.38 The park Industrial uses are primarily confined to the Long is administered by the Harrison County Development Beach Industrial Park, which is home to 17 different Corporation and consists of 600 acres of land east companies.40 There are a number of community of Espy Avenue and south of Pineville Road. Of facilities within the borders of the park, including the those 600 acres, 480 have been developed and park West Harrison Civic Center, the Mississippi Gulf Coast is expected to build out within the next ten years.39 Community College, and the Long Beach Soccer Fields. Another significant industrial use in the planning Existing Land Use area is two former quarries located just south of In order to create an inventory of land uses in Pineville, Interstate Highway 10 between the Menge Avenue the planning team examined aerial maps and parcel and Beatline Road exits. The quarries provide data. They supplemented this information with a sand, gravel, and clay for all kinds of construction. windshield survey of the area and through consultation The primary commercial uses in Pineville are with Steering Committee members. The result is Map clustered at the three exits of Interstate Highway 10, 7, which divides land uses into fourteen categories; with the most extensive offering of services at the Canal agricultural, campground, community facility, general Road exit. Traveling south along Canal, and then west commercial, general industrial, light industrial, on 28th Street, a driver encounters scattered commercial manufactured home, multi-family residential, private uses. There is also a small strip of commercial buildings and public forest, private and public open space, RV on Beatline Road, near the intersection of 28th Street, park, and single family residential. These categories which is anchored by two corner gas stations. The can in turn be divided into two larger groups, only other commercial uses in the planning area developed and undeveloped land. Undeveloped land are a handful of small neighborhood-scale stores. is land that has no buildings or structures on it. The Single-family houses are scattered throughout planning team classified undeveloped land as either the planning area, mostly on large lots. There are two forest (when more than half of the parcel is covered primary residential corridors, Red Creek Road and by trees) or open space (when more than half of the Menge Avenue. Red Creek Road features low density parcel is free of trees). Using parcel data from the single-family homes, the highest concentration of County’s Land Role, it was further determined whether which are in the area south of Interstate Highway 10. the undeveloped land was privately or publicly owned. Menge Avenue is the other main corridor; it contains Overall, nearly 74 percent of the land in the single family houses along its length, and just south of planning area is undeveloped, including public its intersection with Pineville Road a number of streets and private forests, open space, and agricultural branch off of Menge and have significant clusters areas (see Table 17). Of the developed land, the of housing. A secondary corridor is 28th Street, with majority is single-family residential, with the next additional rural residential development on its north side. largest categories being commercial and industrial. 76 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 44. Pineville includes agricultural businesses, Figure 46. The housing in Pineville is primarily rural such as this rose garden. residential in character. Source: (c) Lisa A. Pflug, Countryside Roses and Perennials Source: Sutirtha Das

The Dolan Mobile Home Park represents the largest grouping of manufactured homes in the planning area. It is located north of Racetrack Road, between Canal Road and the Gulfport Dragway. Additional manufactured homes extend to the south along South Boulevard and Yazoo Street. There is another small manufactured home park on 28th Street, and a large RV park on Freddie Franke Road, which, since Katrina, has been utilized more as a place of residence than as a temporary campground.41 The only significant concentration of multi- family housing is located on the northwest corner of th Figure 45. Pineville includes a number of small busi- Canal Road and 28 Street. This is the W. M. Ladner nesses, such as this gas station and convenience store Homes, a low-density public housing complex managed at 28th Road and Canal Road. by the Mississippi Regional Housing Authority. Source: Jung-Chen Huang CAPPENDIX A 77

Table 17. Land use classification for all land. Land Use Acres Percent

Agricultural 184.0 1.1%

Campground 33.5 0.2%

Community Facility 97.5 0.6%

General Commercial 469.0 2.9%

General Industrial 260.0 1.6%

Light Industrial 354.1 2.2%

Manufactured Home 62.8 0.4%

Multi-Family 49.1 0.3%

Private Forest 8,766.1 54.6%

Private Open Space 2,208.7 13.8%

Public Forest 148.8 0.9%

Public Open Space 560.5 3.5%

RV Park 83.2 0.5%

Single Family 2,786.0 17.3% Source: Land uses were determined by the planning team using aerial photos, Harrison County parcel data, windshield surveys, and interviews with residents.

78 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 7. Land use in Pineville Sources: SMPDD, Harrison County Department of Zoning, Pineville Planning Team. Note. Land use derived from interpretation of zoning, parcel data, aerial photography, and windshield surveys. CCAPPENDIX A 79

Zoning Summary category also permits recreational, religious, and edu The Harrison County Zoning Ordinance governs land cational facilities serving residential areas. Areas development in Pineville. Zoning, adopted in 2000, with this designation are defined and protected from is one of the tools that government uses to manage the encroachment of uses outside of the residential the physical development of land and the kinds of character. Currently, most of the land designated as uses each individual property may serve. The zoning either A-1 or E-1 is vacant and covered with trees. ordinance specifies the areas in which residential, Nearly 11 percent of Pineville’s land is zoned industrial, commercial, and retail activities may take R-1, or Low Density Residential. This is a similar place. It is based on the police power of government designation to E-1, providing for generally low- to protect the public’s health, safety, and welfare by density residential uses, although with a provision placing controls on the development of land. Map that enables development of smaller lots (6,000 8 shows the boundaries of each zoning district. The square feet). Use in this district is restricted to current land use and the zoning classification do not single-family dwellings and uses that provide basic always match. The zoning designation shows how elements of a balanced and attractive residential area. the land could be developed, while the current land Medium Density Residential, or R-2, provides for use illustrates the way the land is currently used. residential uses on smaller lots with reduced setbacks. The rural character of Pineville, and a desire Principal use of land is for single-household and among residents to maintain that rural character, is two-household (duplex) dwellings and related recre reflected in its zoning. Nearly 40 percent of the land ational, religious, and educational facilities that fit is zoned A-1, or General Agriculture. This zoning within the character of a residential district. Less category is intended to provide an area for farming, than 3 percent of the land in Pineville is zoned R-2. and also to ensure that the land is protected from Commercial districts are divided into 3 categories:. sprawl until change is warranted. Multiple uses of a C-1 (Neighborhood Commercial), C-2 (General single parcel of land are allowed if they are consistent Commercial), and C-3 (Resort Commercial). Just with permitted uses in an A-1 district. Regulations over 4 percent of the land in Pineville is designated as permit single-family dwellings on as little as one acre. General Commercial, providing for high-volume retail The next largest category is E-1, or Very Low and service businesses that cater to a regional market. Density Residential, representing another 36 percent For this reason, much of the General Commercial land of all land in Pineville. This zone provides for very in Pineville is located off of the three exits of Interstate low density, estate-type residential development, with a Highway 10. Neighborhood Commercial is meant to minimum lot size of three acres. It allows for limited- accommodate commercial uses nestled within residential scale or hobby agricultural and farm uses adjacent to areas. Currently less than 19 acres (or 0.1 percent) of land areas where the character of development is established in Pineville is zoned for Neighborhood Commercial. or is planned to be predominantly residential. This One section of Pineville, at the westernmost tip of the 80 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE planning area, is designated as Resort Commercial. This Industrial uses are defined as manufacturing, repair, category allows casinos and resort uses, activities and assembly or processing establishments, or operations related facilities that are permitted by the Mississippi that do not use water in the manufacturing operation Gaming Commission. Prior to constructing in a C-3 for processing, cooling, or heating, and do not emit district, an applicant is required to submit a Master smoke, noise, odor, dust, vibrations, or fumes beyond Plan for development outlining a developer’s proposal. the building. General Industry provides suitable areas Less than 4 percent of land in the planning area is for firms engaged in general manufacturing and for the zoned for industry, and it is divided into two categories:. storage and distribution of raw materials and finished I-1 (Light Industry) and I-2 (General Industry). Light goods. Regulations for this designation state that uses

Table 17. Zoning designations Zoning Category Acres Percent

A-1 General Agriculture 6,309.9 39.1%

C-1 Neighborhood Commercial 18.7 0.1%

C-2 General Commercial 669.6 4.2%

C-3 Resort Commercial 434.2 2.7%

E-1 Very Low Density Residential 5,821.8 36.1%

I-1 Light Industry 503.6 3.1%

I-2 General Industry 78.5 0.5%

O-1 Office 39.9 0.2%

R-1 Low Density Residential 1,733.2 10.7%

R-2 Medium Density Residential 466.3 2.9%

R-3 High Density Residential 53.1 0.3% Source. Harrison County Zoning Office CAPPENDIX A 81

Map 8. Existing zoning as of July 2005. Source: Harrison County Zoning Office. 82 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE should not emit detectable levels of smoke, noise, odor, It is estimated that it will take approximately 10 dust, or fumes beyond the bounding property lines of the years for the Long Beach Industrial Park to build out. lot, and should not generate noise above ambient level The Harrison County Development Commission cities of noise in areas beyond the zone district boundaries. distance from Interstate Highway 10 and its proximity to Most of the industrial zoning is for Light Industry. residential areas as the mains reasons why the industrial park has been slow to build out. The park is zoned for light industries. The controlling agency, HCDC, is strict in Economics selecting only light industires for the industrial park because of its proximity to residential area.45 Pineville is largely a bedroom community with some The major tenants of the industrial park are mix of industry, retail, and commercial development. Oreck Corporation, Triton Systems, and Bay Technical Residents work in a variety of occupations and Associates. The Oreck Corporation has a 375,000- commute to other cities via Interstate Highway square-foot vacuum cleaner manufacturing plant at 10 and US Highway 90. This section documents the Long Beach Industrial Park. Oreck employed the specific characteristics of the local workforce approximately 400 people in its plant, but Oreck recently and the types of occupations held by residents. announced its relocation and closing effective in 2007, The primary job center in the Pineville planning area but new tenants being sought.46 Triton Systems is the is the Long Beach Industrial Park, covering 484 acres in fourth largest ATM manufacturer in the world and has the southwest region of Pineville planning area along an 80,000 square foot manufacturing and office facility Espy Avenue. The park is controlled and managed by at the park, employing 200.47 Bay Technical Associates Harrison County Development Commission (HCDC). manufactures specialized communication equipment for The Regina Company was the first to open in 1979, but large and small businesses throughout the world. They it later closed.42 The industrial park has been designated were impacted by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and they are a foreign trade zone since 1995.43 In foreign trade zones working hard to bring production back up to speed.48 The there are no duties levied on products or components West Harrison County Occupational Training Center, shipped into the zone. Thus, they play a vital role in the also located in the industrial park, is home to several import/export business. The Long Beach Industrial secondary and post secondary programs. The Mississippi Park is served by a rail line, which provides a direct Gulf Coast Community College offers academic as connection to the Gulfport and Saint Louis Bay. It is well as work force training programs for students. also only a short distance (10 miles) from the Gulfport Data from Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) was Airport, and also three miles away from the four-lane US studied to get more accurate information about the Highway 90. The entire road system in the park received planning area. It provided information on where a face-lift in 2002, with an $80,000 project to ensure that employment was located in the Pineville area during 2002. companies have safe and easy access to their facilities.44 As mentioned above, the industrial park CAPPENDIX A 83

Figure 47. This figure shows the entrance to the Long Beach Industrial Park from Pineville Road. The premises of Bay Technical Associates are also shown. Source. Radhika Mathur 84 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE accounts for most of the jobs in the area. The of the employed civilian labor force in Pineville is equally analysis of TAZ data shows that the Long Beach distributed between the professional management and Industrial park accounts for 50 percent of non-retail the sales and office occupations. Only one percent employment in the area. Commercial businesses on residents worked in the farming, fishing, and forestry Canal Road and 28th Street contribute approximately occupations. Figure 49 highlights the distribution 40 percent to the retail employment in the area. of occupations among the civilian labor force. While there are 1,339 jobs in Pineville according Residents of Pineville worked in a variety of occupations, to TASZ data, many residents commute to different though a limited number work in Pineville. Only 7 percent communities to work. Other major industrial of employed residents traveled for less than 10 minutes employers in the region include the DuPont to work. For approximately 60 percent of residents, travel DeLisle Plant and the shipyard at Pascagoula.49 time was between 10-30 minutes. Only 5.1 percent residents The DuPont DeLisle titanium dioxide processing traveled more than an hour to reach their work place. Table plant, which occupies about 3,500 acres of land 20 summarizes the commuting times of employed residents. towards the west of the area, is one of the leading Of those employed, 94.5 percent worked in employers in the area. The plant employs approxi Harrison County, with the remainder reporting that they mately 1,000 contract and non-contract employees, worked outside of the county or the state (see Table 21) . drawn primarily from a three-county area.50 The Ingalls shipyard at Pascagoula, in the neighboring Jackson County, is another big employer in the area. It covers a 160-acre tract on the east bank of the Pascagoula Natural Resources and Regional River. Open since 1938, it is currently Mississippi’s Connections largest private employer, with 10,900 employees.51 Casinos are also a major employer in the region. Geography Pineville, with the area of 17,306 acres (about 27 Employment Characteristics of Residents square miles), is located approximately two miles According to the 2000 Census, 62.4 percent of residents inland from the Gulf of Mexico and bounded to the 16 years and older are employed in the labor force. Only west by the Saint Louis Bay, to the northwest by the 0.3 percent of these residents are in the armed forces. Wolf River, to the east by Gulfport, and to the south Residents of Pineville work in a number of different by Pass Christian and Long Beach. Given its location sectors. As indicated in Figure 48, the largest percentage near the Saint Louis Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, water of residents reports employment in the educational, is an important element of the area. Pineville is part health, and social service industry (19 percent). of the Coastal Stream Basin consisting of a multitude Residents of Pineville work in a variety of of coastal streams, rivers and wetlands that drain into occupations. According to the 2000 Census, almost half the Gulf of Mexico. The topography of the area is APPENDIX A 85

Table 18. Retail and non-retail employment in Pineville TAZ Retail Employment Non-retail Employment

349* 13 7

351* 30 143

394* 0 547

395* 7 89

397 7 48

398* 8 46

399* 86 48

400 6 4

401 9 12

402 5 16

403 11 70

404* 0 26

426 4 3

Total 233 1,106

Source: Gulf Regional Planning Commission. * Denotes areas that are partially outside of the planning area. 86 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Table 19. Employment status, 2000. % of Total

Population 16 years and over

In labor force 62.4

In Armed Forces 0.3

Civilian 62.1

Employed 59.8

Unemployed 2.3

Not in labor force 37.6 Source. Census of Population and Housing, US Census Bureau, 2000.

1% 3% 2% Educational, health and social services: 4% 19% Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services: 4% Retail trade 6% Manufacturing Construction

7% 14% Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services: Public administration Transportation and warehousing, and utilities: 7% Other services (except public administration)

11% Finance, insurance, real estate and rental and leasing: 11% Wholesale trade 11% Information Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining: Figure 48. Employment by industry, 2000. Source. Census of Population and Housing, US Census Bureau, 2000

CCAPPENDIX A 87

1% 14%

26%

Management, professional, and related occupations:

Sales and office occupations: 17% Service occupations:

Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations:

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations:

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 25% 17%

Figure 49. Employment by occupation, 2000. Source: Census of Population and Housing, US Census Bureau, 2000

Figure 50. The citizens of Pineville are employed throughout the region, including the casinos along the Coast. Source: Jung-Chen Huang 88 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Table 20. Commuting time of employed residents. Commute Time Percent Did not work at home. 96.7 Less than 5 minutes 1.6 5 to 9 minutes 5.7 10 to 14 minutes 14.7 15 to 19 minutes 15.8 20 to 24 minutes 20.0 25 to 29 minutes 9.5 30 to 34 minutes 17.5 35 to 39 minutes 1.6 40 to 44 minutes 3.4 45 to 59 minutes 5.1 60 to 89 minutes 3.3 90 or more minutes 1.8 Worked at home 3.3 Source. Census of Population and Housing, US Census Bureau, 2000.

Table 21. Place of employment Place Percent Worked in state of residence: 94.5 Worked in county of residence 83.5 Worked outside county of residence 16.5 Worked outside state of residence 5.5 Source. Census of Population and Housing, US Census Bureau, 2000. CCAPPENDIX A 89 described as sloping from northwest Pineville down to the generally flat areas near the Saint Louis Bay with depressional floodplains along the rivers and bayous and coastal marsh wetlands near the shoreline of the bay.

Climate Pineville is located in the humid subtropical climate region, characterized by moderate winters, long and hot summers and uniform precipitation distribution through the year. Pineville has a climate featuring the absence of severe cold in winter but the presence of extreme heat in summer. Rainfall is plentiful, but so are dry spells and sunshine.52 Figure 51. Pineville includes a variety of natural features including bayous and wetlands. Hydrology Source: Jung-Chen Huang Pineville has several important water bodies. The primary water body is the Wolf River at the north, With respect to landform, the rivers and bayous, Johnson’s Bayou on the south while Bayou Portage, except for canals, in Pineville are still naturally Saint Louis Bay and Arcadian Bayou are at the west and characterized by flat gradient, low elevation, and three canals flow through the south. The Wolf River meandering channels, indicating the area has limited and canals divide Pineville into three watersheds. The development and a large variety of wildlife and Wolf River, 60 miles long, rises at Mississippi Highway habitats. As an example, there are several oxbows 26 in Pearl River County, meanders through the on the floodplain and divided channels as the Wolf northwest part of Pineville and turns west southwest River flows across a delta into the Saint Louis Bay, before entering Bay of Saint Louis of Mississippi proving the dynamic migration of the channel. Sound. Twenty-three point two percent of Pineville are located in the watershed of the Wolf River. That is, Wetlands the Wolf River is very sensitive to any change in land Forty-one point two percent of Pineville is comprised use of Pineville. When the Scenic Streams Stewardship of wetlands (7,125.2 acres or 11.1 square miles) while Act was passed in March of 1999, the Wolf River was palustrine wetlands, which are inland and forested also designated as a state scenic stream and is included wetlands, account for 78.2 percent of wetlands in the State Scenic Streams Stewardship Program. and estuarine wetlands, which are tidal or coastal wetlands take up the rest. The wetlands are distributed along the waterways, in Map 9, indicating rivers or 90 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE canals might be their main water sources. On the to where the marsh ends in Section 37, containing the other hand, the wetlands also act like a sponge to following estuarine communities: estuarine subtidal absorb and hold floods to protect residential areas. (large tidal creek and muddy sand embayment); estuarine Although palustrine wetlands take up the most intertidal (mesohaline marsh and oligohaline marsh). part of wetlands, the state has focused its regulations, The Wolf River marsh provides feeding, resting, and Coastal Wetlands Protection Act and Coastal Zone wintering habitat for numerous types of migratory bird Management Program, primarily on estuarine (coastal) species, such as the Brown Pelican, White Pelican, Osprey, wetlands, below the watermark of ordinary high tide and cormorants. Besides, Wolf River also bears many and adjacent wetlands. The state has adopted a Section rare or endangered Species, like Mottled Duck, Osprey, 401 program but does not apply an anti-degradation Yellow Rail, Black Rail, Coastal Shiner, Diamondback policy to jurisdictional wetlands legally defined by Terrapin, American Alligator, Gulf Salt Marsh Snake, Section 404 of the clean Water Act since 1989. Southern Red Cedar. The mid-section of the Wolf River Moreover, based on the Clean Water Act of 1972, a is characteristic of expansive tidal freshwater marsh, created wetland could be valued as credits sold to land dominated by sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), while developers, seeking permits for activities that affect needle rush (Juncus roemerianus) occupies the lower wetlands, through a wetland mitigation bank. With Wolf River with a mixture of duck potato (Sagittaria Coastal policy on mitigation being developed and lancifolia) and big cordgrass (Spartina cynosuroides).54 refined to meet a goal of “No Net Loss” of coastal The 1,137-acre preserve Bayou Portage follows wetlands, the Department of Transportation has the edge of the estuarine marsh located along Bayou established fifteen mitigation banks in the state. The Portage, including the following ecological communities. Department of Marine Resources has jurisdiction over estuarine subtidal (muddy sand embayment and small mitigation banks in the six lower counties, while The tidal creek); estuarine intertidal (mesohaline marsh Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and oligohaline marsh). The vegetation dominating is in charge of other mitigation banks in the state.53 here consists of the same species as the lower Wolf There are two coastal preserves, Bayou Portage River. Thus, this area of marsh is similar to all of those and Wolf River, located in the southwest and west along the margins of St. Louis Bay, including Wolf Pineville, shown on Map 9. Both of these are considered River and those along the northeast and northwest estuarine marshes and preserved through the Mississippi shore and the lower reaches of the Jourdan River.55 Department of Marine Resource’s (DMR) Coastal Lands within these two coastal preserves are either Preserves Program developed in 1992 by authority of privately, locally, state or federally owned. Boaters and the Wetlands Protection Act and dedicated to preserve, anglers use the area on a seasonal basis for fishing conserve, restore, and manage Mississippi’s coastal and waterfowl hunting while development of the ecosystems. The 2,426-acre preserve along the Wolf surrounding lands causes a threat to their marshes. River contains non-forested marsh from Grassy Point CCAPPENDIX A 91

Soils Most soils in Pineville are alluvial and marine sediments.56 They are mainly comprised of five soils, Harleston fine sandy loam, Atmore silt loam, Poarch fine sandy loam, Handsboro association and Smithton fine sandy loam, accounting for more than 50 percent of soils in Pineville (Table 22 and Map 10) while hydric and partly hydric soils compose more than 80 percent. Hydric soils are defined as soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough. These kinds of “wet” soils are one of common diagnostic features of wetlands and of the three parameters to delineate jurisdictional wetlands, which indicates it might be natural that most of Pineville would be subject to floods, heavy rain, storms or poor drainage. Figure 52. Pineville includes forested areas filled with Based on Map 10, some homes were located on “wet” Pine trees. soils in order to have close access to the bayous and Source: Jung-Chen Huang river. The “dry” (non-hydric) soils mainly distribute to the northwest classified as A-1 (General Agriculture). The University of Southern Mississippi’s Huckleberry Hill is located on Woodland Way near Bayou Portage. It was established for preservation, Forests and wildlife research and education. However, the Arboretum was Pineville is heavily forested, with more than 22 percent damaged by Hurricane Katrina and is still being repaired. of Pineville (8,811.6 acres or 13.8 square miles) covered by trees (see Map 7), mostly pine trees. Pineville also has an abundance of oak trees. After Katrina, many Green Corridors of the Pine forests were damaged. Most forested Pineville has a number of corridors for wildlife areas can be found in north and southwest Pineville. movement. Barriers to wildlife movement, such as Katrina damaged local forests and left many rivers, hedgerows, highways, railways, and all other openings, which allow more sunlight to penetrate elongated infrastructure facilities can be identified as to the forest. This alternation in habitat will corridors (Grillmayer, 2002) for wildlife movement benefit some while some species, such as white to propagate or escape from all kinds of threats, like tailed deer while others, such as squirrels, may exploration activities and storms. Thus the Wolf River suffer initially and actually benefit over time.57 and canals, including their riparian zones, are capable of connecting forests, wetlands, etc. with the Gulf of 92 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 9. Wetlands in Pineville Source: Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District (SMPDD) * Note: The National Wetlands Inventory data includes 44 categories of the various types of wetlands that exist, generally classified as either Palustrine wetlands (typically inland, forested wetlands) or estuarine (coastal) wetlands. In Mississippi, the state has focused its regulations primarily on estuarine coastal) wetlands. CCAPPENDIX A 93

Mexico and Saint Louis Bay to extend wildlife habitats. western Pineville not only confronted the storm surge but was also located in the tide-effected area Mines suffering severe flooding strengthened by the normal Quarries in Pineville were permitted, by the Mining and high tides, which obstructed the drainage of runoff. Reclamation Division of the Mississippi Department During the hurricane, 47.2 percent of Pineville was of Environmental Quality, mainly for the foundation flooded and all those areas are located along the river of Interstate Highway 10. Most of them are located on and other waterways and close to their outfalls into Poarch soils, well drained, and moderately permeable the Bay of Saint Louis, exceeding the 500-year flood (see Table 29), along Interstate Highway 10. The zone in 1988 (see Map 11). Moreover, most flooded quarries continue to provide sand, gravel and clay for areas coincide with the distribution of wetlands and construction, especially now for the reconstruction after “wet” (hydric) soils (see Map 10), indicating building Katrina. All the quarries have to renew their permission on the “wet” soil could be very risky even though it from Mississippi Department of Environmental might look dry on the surface beyond hurricane season. Quality every 5 years until minerals are running short. Following Hurricane Katrina, FEMA has presented Afterwards the owners of Quarries should execute Advisory Base Flood Elevations (ABFEs) to provide reclamation plans, mainly by stabilizing the banks communities with advised flood elevation building and planting vegetation. The quarries may then be standards based on a flood frequency analysis of developed into housing areas, parks and other amenities. storms that have occurred in the 25 plus years since the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) were published, Ground Water including Hurricane Katrina. The updated surge levels South Mississippi has several thick aquifers, capable are 3 to 8 feet above the ones used to produce the 60 of supplying large volumes of water to wells. Of pre-Katrina FIRMs. Since each building should be them, Pascagoula aquifer is an important source of elevated to the height of surge level plus waves, it’s water supply for residential and industrial uses in expected every house in the flood-prone area would Pineville. Water quality from this aquifer is good with be elevated at least 4 feet to qualify for insurance. water levels generally above or near the land surface.58

Hurricane Katrina and Flood Prone Area Hurricane Katrina was the costliest and one of the deadliest hurricanes to strike the United States with 130 plus mile per hour winds driving ashore tidal waves 35 feet high and pounded the entire Mississippi Gulf Coast for eight hours.59 While being located close to the Gulf, the estuary of the Wolf River and other bayous, 94 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Table 22. Main soils in Pineville

Name Rating Characteristics Acres

It consists of deep, moderately well drained, moderately Harleston fine sandy loam Partially Hydric 3,751.56 permeable soils.

It consists of deep, well drained, and moderately permeable soils Poarch fine sandy loam Not Hydric on uplands They are saturated in the lower part in late winter and 2,558.06 early spring.

It consists of deep, poorly drained, moderately slowly permeable Atmore silt loam Partially Hydric 1,896.20 soils.

It consists of deep, very poorly drained, moderately permeable Handsboro association All Hydric 1,492.39 soils that formed in regularly flooded salt marshes.

It consists of very deep, poorly drained, moderately slowly Smithton fine sandy loam Partially Hydric 1,378.45 permeable soils formed in loamy alluvial sediments.

Source: National Cooperative Soil Survey, NRCS CAPPENDIX A 95

Map 10. Distribution of hydric soils in Pineville Source: National Cooperative Soil Survey, NRCS 96 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 11. Flood zones in 1988 Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Note: BFE is the base flood elevation. CAPPENDIX A 97

Map 12. Hurricane Katrina’s surge and advisory flood area Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 98 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 13. FEMA Advisory Base Flood Elevations. Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency. CCAPPENDIX A 99

Community Facilities and Resources

Pineville offers facilities and services to meet citizens’ Pineville on Menge Avenue. An arboretum, operated basic needs. Currently there is a park, two nature by the University of Southern Mississippi, is located preserves, an arboretum, a butterfly park, a community on Woodland Way. It is also used to rehabilitate center, a public school, two private schools, nine birds. A butterfly park is located on the eastern churches, a public launch, a canoe and kayak facility, and side of Menge Ave, just outside the planning area. a campground. An additional private school, St. Vincent de Paul, is planned for the area. As with any community, Public Facilities there is a need for the area. As with any community, there Harrison County provides a variety of facilities and is a need for local opportunities for gatherings, recreation, services to the community of Pineville. One example is and entertainment. The community survey shows that the West Harrison Civic Center, located on Espy Avenue.64 residents would like additional community-oriented The center, which was opened in 1996, provides a large services, especially neighborhood commercial and meeting space, tables, and seating, as well as a kitchen. 61 recreational areas. The community facilities currently The center is used heavily by various local groups. operating in and around Pineville are shown in Map 14. The Harrison County Fire Service covers six protection areas. Pineville falls into one of these, the Parks and Open Spaces Cuevas fire district. The Cuevas fire district covers Bayou Portage and Wolf River, both located on the approximately 24 square miles with an estimated western and northern part of Pineville, are nature population of 3,880. It has one station, located on Fire preserves partially located within Pineville. These areas Station Road, with two part-time paid firefighters and have delicate ecosystems that need protection from thirty volunteer firefighters, as well as three fire trucks.65 development. The bayou and river are used for fishing The station has been in service for over 50 years. and boating and are appreciated for their scenic qualities. Pineville is patrolled by the Harrison Pineville Community Park is located on Menge County Sheriff’s Department. The department’s Avenue, adjacent to Pineville Elementary School. It central station is located in Gulfport.66 features a baseball field, a small playground, and a Students in the Pineville area attend the Harrison 62 concession stand. The Long Beach Soccer Fields County School District. Students attend Pineville are located at the intersection of Espy Avenue and Elementary School, North Gulfport 7th and 8th, Pineville Road and feature three soccer fields.63 Harrison Central 9th Grade, and Harrison Central Both facilities are administered by Harrison County. High School. Pineville Elementary School has The ButterflyPark is located immediately south of approximately 130 students and is located within the 100 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 14. Community Facilities Source: Harrison County CCAPPENDIX A 101

Pineville community, while North Gulfport 7th and 8th, Harrison Central 9th Grade, and Harrison Central High School are outside of Pineville.67 Coast Episcopal Middle and High School is a private school located within Pineville. A combined private elementary and middle school, St. Vincent de Paul, is planned for the site of Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church to replace two schools, St. Paul’s, of Pass Christian, and St. Vincent’s, of Long Beach, which were destroyed in the hurricane.68 The new school’s enrollment is predicted to be between 400 and 500 students.69 A public boat launch is located on Wolf River, with access to the surrounding waterways and bayous. The Harrison Country Library does not operate any branches in Pineville. The nearest branches are the Pass Christian Public Library, located approximately 1.5 miles to the southwest of Pineville, and the Orange Grove Public Library, located about five miles to the northeast of Pineville.

Private Facilities Nine churches are located in the Pineville, serving several Christian denominations. Two churches are particularly prominent: Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church, located on Menge Avenue, which was established as a mission in 1849,70 and Pineville Presbyterian Church, also located on Menge Avenue.71

Figure 53. The Pineville Presbyterian Church is one of several community churches. Source: Jung-Chen Huang 102 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Map 15: Functional Classification and AADTs of Major Roads Source: Mississippi Department of Transportation Note: The numbers indicate traffic counts. CAPPENDIX A 103

Map 16 Evacuation Map. Source: Mississippi Department of Transportation 104 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Wolf River Kayak and Canoe has operated in Infrastructure Pineville for over 24 years. Residents frequently use its rental, instruction, and launch services to access Wolf Roads River and surrounding waterways.72 Magic River Resort Pineville contains five general types of roadways. The offers both tent and RV camping, as well as a swimming Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) pool, fishing, picnic tables, and other amenities.73 defines four of these types: interstate highway, major collector, minor arterial, and collector.74 The fifth type is defined by the planning team as local, both paved and unpaved. The 2005 Estimated Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), prepared by MDOT, illustrates what roads are most heavily traveled.75 Maintenance of public roads in this area is the responsibility of either Harrison County or MDOT. The functional classifications and AADTs of major roads in and around Pineville can be seen in Map 15. Bicycle and pedestrian traffic on planning area roads is low.

Interstate Highways One interstate highway, Interstate Highway 10, borders the Pineville planning region. Interstate Highway 10 runs east-west and acts as the northern border of the Pineville planning region. It is a divided, limited-access highway with average annual daily trips between 38,000 and 50,000 in the 6.9-mile section that borders the Pineville region. Throughout, the speed limit is 70 miles per hour. There is access to Interstate Highway 10 at three locations on the border of Pineville: Menge Avenue/Firetower Road and Interstate Highway 10; Beat Line Road/County Farm Road and Interstate Highway 10; and Canal Road and Interstate Figure 54. There are a number of recreational op- Highway 10. The Highway is administered by MDOT. portunities that attract visitors to Pineville, including Magic River Camping. Major Collectors Source: Jung-Chen Huang One major collector is designated in the Pineville area, CCAPPENDIX A 105

Menge Avenue. Major collectors are roads designated by It experiences an average daily traffic volume of 10,700. MDOT that provide service to county seats not served Hampton Road runs north-south for approximately by arterials and other areas that generate similar traffic. one mile near the western edge of Pineville. It Major collectors in the planning area have no access controls. has an AADT of 4,500 in the planning area. Menge Avenue runs north-south on the Espy Avenue runs north-south for approximately western side of Pineville for 5.1 miles. It has an 2.25 miles. It is considered by residents to be average annual daily trips ranging from 5,100 to an appropriate road for carrying heavier traffic 5,700 trips per day. It has a right-of-way width volumes. It is included as a minor arterial due to of 80 feet, with stop signs as traffic controls. its function, but is not classified as one by MDOT.

Minor Arterials Minor Collectors Minor arterials function to move traffic efficiently Minor collectors experience less traffic volume than major from one area to another. Several minor arterials collectors, but serve the same purpose of connecting exist in Pineville, namely Beat Line Road, 28th Street, communities. Roads designated as minor collectors Canal Road, and Hampton Road. Sections of Menge include Red Creek Road, Pineville Road, and Johnson Road. Avenue are classified as minor arterials. Minor Red Creek Road runs north-south for 3.4 miles arterials in the planning area have no access controls. from its southwestern terminus at Menge Avenue to an Beat Line Road runs north-south though the center intersection with Interstate Highway 10 at the northern of the Pineville planning area for 4.0 miles and merges edge of Pineville. Red Creek Road experiences with Red Creek Road to form County Farm Road in the an average daily traffic volume of 3,000 vehicles. north. Its right-of-way width varies from 40 to 60 feet, Pineville Road runs east-west and is designated as and traffic is controlled by stop signs with flashing red a minor collector for .95 miles from Menge Avenue lights. From its intersection with Red Creek Road to the to Beat Line Road, with an AADT of 1,650. It has Interstate Highway 10 interchange, the road experiences a right-of-way width of 40 feet and is controlled a level of traffic which reaches congestion at peak hours. by stop signs. To the east of its intersection 28th Street runs east-west and serves as much of with Beat Line Road, outside of Pineville, it is the southern boundary on the eastern half of Pineville. designated as a minor arterial and experiences a The section of 28th Street between Red Creek Road higher traffic volume of 7,300 vehicles per day. and Canal Road has an average daily traffic of 6,000 Johnson Road runs east-west from Espy Avenue to Beat vehicles. The one mile road section has stop signs Line Road for one mile. Traffic is controlled by stop signs. and flashing red lights for traffic control measures. Canal Road runs north-south for 2.6 miles in North Local Roads Long Beach and marks an approximate eastern boundary All other roads within the planning area are of the planning area, though some areas exist to the east. considered local streets. These roads mainly connect 106 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE residential areas and are two lane streets with right- and to the east of Espy Avenue and turning east south of-way widths generally ranging from 30 to 50 feet. of Street B, crossing Avenue A. The rail line is used Most streets are laid in an uneven grid pattern to transport materials to and from the industrial park. with intersections at right angles. Streets following curvilinear paths generally following geographical features, such as ridges and the bayous, with the exception of newer subdivisions such as Stablewood. UTILITIES Local roads are paved with asphalt and usually do not have curbs or sidewalks. Drainage ditches line Water many roads to serve as receptacles for storm runoff. Several companies serve the area, namely Coast Waterworks, Elrod Utilities, Harrison County Board Future Plans of Supervisors, Harrison County Development There are plans for a new four-lane, highway which Commission, Sutter Water Service, and Total will run north-south to the east of Canal Road, Environmental Solutions. Several areas to the west from US Highway 90 to Interstate Highway 10. and two areas to the east are not in a water service Some sections of the highway will be elevated. The area. While areas may be located in a water service new Route 601 project is broken into three phases. area, this does not mean that they have water lines that The first two phases are to build the section of the have been extended to serve particular developments. highway from Interstate Highway 10 to Pass Road, Private water wells are still prevalent throughout Pineville. and the third phase is from Pass Road to US Highway 49. The project is currently in Phase one, right-of- Sanitary Sewers way acquisition. The Gulf Regional Commission is The majority of homes and businesses in the area use working with communities to identify a potential septic systems with leeching field drains to dispose of waste. location for the West Harrison Connector between Sanitary sewer is provided by the Harrison County US Highway 90 and Interstate Highway 10. Additionally, Development Commission in one area in the GRPC is exploring with communities the potential for an southern region of Pineville between Pass Christian East-West Connector. These future plans and new roads and Long Beach, where the Long Beach Industrial will greatly aid in future Evacuation Plans (see Map 15). Park is located. The water and sewer services the businesses located in this industrial park. Also, private Rail septic systems are still prevalent throuout the area. A private railroad that carries freight to the Dupont plant in Delisle runs through the planning area. There Future Plans are no stops in the planning area. Another rail line runs The draft Mississippi Gulf Region Water and Wastewater Plan through the Long Beach Industrial Park, running parallel (Map 17 and page 109) was released by the Mississippi CCAPPENDIX A 107

Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) in be expanded by 0.2 million gallons per day, a pump November 2006. This plan was created to determine station and force main will be built to run from north and prioritize water and wastewater infrastructure of Interstate Highway 10 to this WWTF, and the North needs in the six coastal counties of Mississippi. The Long Beach interceptor will be constructed to run along funding for these projects is a portion of the long-term County Farm Road north of Interstate Highway 10, recovery assistance funds from the US Department of cross Interstate Highway 10, run south along Red Creek Housing and Urban Development, some of which the Road and Menge Avenue, and through Pass Christian State allocated for water, wastewater and stormwater to connect to the Pass Christian WWTF (see Map 17).78 infrastructure improvements. The draft plan includes The second wastewater project is the West both short-term (to be completed within five years) and Gulfport Regional Interceptor, which will be built long-term (to be completed by 2025, or beyond, depending in order to provide wastewater treatment to the area on funding availability) projects.76 Water transmission south of MS 53 and west of US Highway 49. The lines within or adjacent to the Pineville planning area system will run along Flat Branch, located between MS will be attractive locations for development to occur. 53 and John Clark Road, to the Gulfport city limits, One water and three wastewater near-term projects and connect to the Gulfport North WWTF.79 Much of in the plan will directly affect Pineville. The water plan this transmission main will run through the Pineville is the Western Harrison County Regional Water Supply, planning area. However, an interceptor is a large line which will provide a water supply system to the DeLisle that transmission mains connect into. Homes and community and additional supply to Pass Christian businesses do not connect directly to the interceptor and Long Beach. The system will include two water so development will not be facilitated by its location. supply wells, water storage capacity and transmission The third wastewater project is the West Gulfport mains connecting these to the communities they serve. Transmission System that will provide wastewater The wells will be located just north of the Pineville treatment to the area west of Gulfport. A transmission planning area at the intersections of County Farm line and pump station will be constructed to connect to Road and Firetower Road with Interstate Highway 10, an existing pump station south of Interstate Highway and transmission mains will run along Menge Avenue, 10 and west of US Highway 49. The main will run west Cuevas-DeLisle Road, Freddie Frank Road, Beatline of Gulfport along Landon Road, south to Interstate Road, Espy Avenue and the railroad (see Map 17).77 Highway 10, connect to an existing pump station and The first of the wastewater projects is the DeLisle deliver wastewater to the Gulfport North WWTF.80 The Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF), Long Beach/ mains will run slightly north and east of the planning Pass Christian WWTF, and Transmission System. This area, so the boundary area’s will likely experience growth. system will provide additional wastewater treatment The Mississippi Gulf Region Water and Wastewater capacity to DeLisle and the western Interstate Highway Plan draft also includes several long-term projects 10 corridor. The West Harrison WWTF at DeLisle will which will affect Pineville. These include a regional 108 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE water system for the county, with mains along major transportation routes, several wastewater projects, and a project to reduce damage from flooding of Turkey Creek as well as remove debris from the Long Beach canals.81

Gas and Electric Electric utilities serve the entire planning area. Coast Electric Power Company and Mississippi Power Company provide electricity.82 Although it is possible that particular properties are not serviced by electric utilities, these services are generally available in areas with residential and commercial development. Gas service is not available in many portions of the planning areas. Reliant Energy Resources Corporation provides gas to those areas of Pineville which are serviced.83

Telecommunications One telecommunications company, BellSouth, serves Pineville.84 Cable One provides cable television and broadband services. While broadband is available in the general area, there may be a limitation on the number of connections available to the area. CAPPENDIX A 109

Map 17. The Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality’s Mississippi Gulf Coast Regional Water and Wastewater Plan identifies several proposed projects in the Pineville area. Source: Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality 110 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Notes: 1. Burt, Jesse and Robert B. Ferguson. (1973). Indians of the Southeast. Then and Now. Abingdon Press. page 40. 2. Caire, R.J. and Katy Caire. (1976). History of Pass Christian. Lafayette Publishers. page 8. 3. Ibid. 4. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Personal Interview. September 18, 2006. 5. Hayden, Julius. (1950). A History of Pass Christian, Mississippi: 1699-1900. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty at Mississippi State College. 6. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Personal Interview. September 18, 2006. 7. Farragut, Diane. (1984) Article in the Gulf Pine Catholic. page 12. 8. Caire, R.J. and Katy Caire. (1976). History of Pass Christian. Lafayette Publishers. page 25. 9. Howell, Grady H. (1996). To Live and Die Dixie: A History of the 3rd Mississippi Infantry, C.S.A. Chickasaw Bayou Press. Jackson, Mississippi. page 112. 10. Ibid. 11. Farragut, Diane. (1984). Article in the Gulf Pine Catholic. page 12. 12. Ibid. 13. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Personal Interview. September 18. Farrugut, Diane. (2006). Personal Interview. November 17, 2006. 14. Caire, R.J. and Katy Caire. (1976). History of Pass Christian. Lafayette Publishers. page 25 15. Ibid. 16. Ibid. 17. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Personal Interview. September 18, 2006. 18. Farragut, Diane. (1984). Article in the Gulf Pine Catholic. page 12. 19. Williams, Scott B. (2004). Exploring Coastal Mississippi: A Guide to Marine Waters and Islands. University Press of Mississippi. Jack- son, Mississippi. page 62. 20. Map Prepared by Brent Warren 21. Map Prepared by Brent Warren 22. Traffic Analysis Zone table 2002 for Pineville-Gulf Regional Planning Commission (GRPC) 23. Traffic Analysis Zone Table 2030 for Pineville – Gulf Regional Planning Commission (GRPC) 24. The Census Block Groups for 2000 include areas outside of the Pineville planning area. Educational attainment is not available at the block level. 25. Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College. 2006. West Harrison County Center. Accessed September 3, 2006: http://www.mgccc. edu/LOCwhcc.htm 26. While the Census Block Groups for 1990 relatively cover the majority of the planning area, the Block Groups for 2000 include areas outside of the planning area. CAPPENDIX A 111

27. Farrugut, Wallace. (2006). Personal Interview. Pineville Steering Committee. September 14, 2006. 28. Jackson, Calvin. (2006). Personal Interview. Harrison County Zoning Office. September 19, 2006. 29. Farrugut, Diane. (2006). Personal Interview. October 11, 2006. 30. Gant, Charles. (2006). Personal Interview. Gant and Shivers Homes. September 19, 2006. 31. Bonck, Patrick. (2006). Harrison County Zoning Administrator. Personal correspondence, August 29, 2006. 32. Ibid. 33. Ibid. 34. Bonck, Patrick. (2006). Harrison County Zoning Administrator. Personal correspondence, August 31, 2006. 35. Ibid. 36. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Local Historian. Personal interview, July 17, 2006. 37. U.S. Census Bureau, Census 1990 and 2000, Summary File 3 38. Hessell, Bill. (2006). Harrison County Development Commission. Personal interview, September 15, 2006. 39. Ibid. 40. Ibid. 41. Pineville Steering Committee. (2006). Personal Interview, September 14, 2006. 42. Ellis, Dan. 2006. Long Beach. Accessed August 31, 2006: http://longbeach.passchristian.net/time_line.htm 43. Mississippi Coast Foreign Trade Zone. 2002. Annual Report. Accessed August 31, 2006: http://www.mscoastftz.com/ftzr2002.php 44. Bill Hessel, Harrison County Development Commission. In person interview September 15, 2006 45. Ibid. 46. Oreck Corporation. About the company. Accessed September 28, 2006: http://www.oreck.com/about/the-company.cfm 47. Triton Systems. Accessed September 28, 2006: http://www.tritonatm.com/en/ 48. Bay Technical Associates. Accessed September 28, 2006: http://www.baytech.net/ 49. Pineville Steering Committee. (2006). Personal Interview, September 14, 2006 50. Harrison County. (2006). Community Plan for DeLisle. Accessed September 15, 2006: http://www.co.harrison.ms.us/departments/ zoning/downloads.asp 51. Ingalls ship building. Accessed August 31, 2006: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/ingalls.ht 52. The Office of the Mississippi State Climatologist. (2006). Mississippi Climate Information. Accessed July 25, 2006 : http://www. msstate.edu/dept/GeoSciences/climate/ 53. Association of State Wetlands Manager. (2006). State Wetlands Programs. Accessed August 25, 2006 : http://www.aswm.org/swp/ mississippi9.htm 54. Mississippi Department of Marine Resources. (2006). Gulf Ecological Management. Accessed July 20, 2006 : http://www.dmr.state. ms.us/Coastal-Ecology/GEMS/Wolf-River.htm 55. Mississippi Department of Marine Resources. (2006). Gulf Ecological Management. Accessed July 20 : http://www.dmr.state.ms.us/ Coastal-Ecology/GEMS/Bayou-Portage.htm 112 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

56. NRCS. (2002). National Cooperative Soil Survey. Accessed August 15, 2006 : http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/ 57. Randy Spencer (2006) What Will Be the Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Wildlife? Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks. 58. Mississippi Geological Survey, Mississippi Office of Geology. 59. Mississippi Beyond Katrina. (2006). Background. Accessed August 25, 2006 : http://www.mississippibeyondkatrina.com/ 60. FEMA. (2006). Mississippi Katrina Flood Recovery. Accessed August 26, 2006 : http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/recoverydata/ katrina/katrina_ms_index.shtm#3 61. Based on written community survey. 62. Harrison County Parks and Recreation (n.d.). Retrieved on July 9, 2006 : http://co.harrison.ms.us/departments/parks/index.asp. 63. Ibid. 64. Harrison County Community Centers (n.d.). Retrieved on August 3, 2006 : http://co.harrison.ms.us/departments/comcenters/. index.asp 65. Harrison County Fire Services (n.d.). Retrieved on July 9, 2006 : http://co.harrison.ms.us/departments/fire/index.asp. 66. Harrison Country Sheriff’s Department (n.d.). Retrieved on July 9, 2006 : http://www.harrisoncountysheriff.com/. 67. Mississippi State School Districts – Harrison (n.d.). Retrieved on July 27, 2006 : http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/Districts/harrisn.htm. 68. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Local Historian. Personal interview, July 17, 2006. 69. Dennis Carver. (2006). Holy Family Parish. Personal interview, September 18, 2006. 70. Lizana, Leroy. (2006). Local Historian. Personal interview, July 17, 2006. 71. TopoZone. (2006). Retrieved on July 10, 2006 : http://www.topozone.co. 72. Joe Feil. (2006). Wolf River Kayak and Canoe. Personal interview, September 26, 2006. 73. Magic River Resort Main (n.d.). Retrieved on October 2, 2006 : http://www.magicriverresort.com/default.ht. 74. GoMDOT (n.d). Retrieved on July 9, 2006 : http://www.mdot.state.ms.us. 75. Ibid. 76. Mississippi Engineering Group, Inc. (October 2006). Mississippi Gulf Region Water and Wastewater Plan [Draft]. Accessed Novem- ber 20, 2006 : http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/page/About_MGRWaterWastewaterPlan2006?OpenDocument. 77. Ibid. 78. Ibid. 79. Ibid. 80. Ibid. 81. Ibid. 82. Paul Barnes. (2006). GIS Data. Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District. 83. Paul Barnes. (2006). GIS Data. Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District. 84. Paul Barnes. (2006). GIS Data. Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District. CCAPPENDIX B 113

Appendix B. Documentation of Community Involvement

Throughout the planning process citizens were asked current housing and household characteristics. Opinions regarding to participate and provide input on the Plan. Citizens the effectiveness of Harrison County government services before participated through meetings, surveys, written and and after Hurricane Katrina were also solicited. The greater part of telephone comments. The results of this participation the survey dealt with likes and dislikes in the Pineville area. Citizens are part of several considerations in the formation were asked to identify problem issues and deficit services in Pineville. of this Plan, including present conditions, existing Finally, citizens were asked in a series of open-ended questions for policies, planned infrastructure, environmental their ideas for potential development and improvements in Pineville. conditions, and the need for hazard mitigation. A Visual Preference Survey (VPS) was conducted. A series of images On the evening of September 14, 2006 the citizens of Pineville were invited to share their vision for the community in a two hour Town Hall Meeting that included several activities designed to obtain information from residents. The meeting was held at the West Harrison Civic Center. More than 250 people filled the center. After signing in and locating their place of residence or work on a map of Pineville, attendees filled out Citizen Surveys about past and current development patterns in Harrison County and Pineville. The meeting began with a welcoming by Harrison County Supervisor Marlin Ladner, Harrison County Zoning Administrator Patrick Bonck, and Ohio State University Professor Jennifer Cowley. Bob Cowell, the team leader for producing this Plan presented the planning process to attendees. He explained the purpose of the information to be gathered and a timeline for completion. Citizens were provided with a copy of the meeting’s agenda, which also had contact information including a phone number and online forum website allowing them to Figure 55. More than 250 Pineville citizens met to discuss their desires for the continue to contribute after the meeting concluded. future of the community. A written survey asked respondents for their Source: Jung-Chen Huang 114 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE on which attendees would vote were projected on to the Pineville, community members received an opinion survey wall. Votes were cast by choosing the number on the focusing on the past and current trends of development survey form that corresponded to the choices shown. in Harrison County and their community. Copies of the Citizens were asked to vote on the acceptability of seeing survey were also made available online for those unable to the type of development depicted somewhere in their attend the Town Hall Meeting. The following is a synopsis community rather than specifically on their property. of the results from the 170 surveys submitted as of October 15, 2006. The results express the views, concerns, and ideas of the past, present and future of Pineville. Citizen Survey Analysis Introduction The tables are organized by question and each question is On September 14, 2006, at the Town Hall Meeting in listed as presented in the survey. Two sets of results are

Figure 56. Citizens participated in a Visual Preference Survey. Source: Jennifer Evans-Cowley CCAPPENDIX B 115 provided for Likert-type scale questions warranting a response based on varying degrees of opinion toward a topic. A Likert scale measures the degree to which people agree or disagree with a statement. The first set of results is described as “disaggregated” meaning that averages were calculated for each of the possible response opinions. The second set of results is described as “aggregated” meaning that the responses of opinions of similar sentiment were added together to become one generalized combined group and then averaged as a whole. For example, non-aggregated response choices would include “strongly agree”, “agree”, “neutral”, “disagree” and “strongly disagree” while aggregated Figure 57. Pineville residents gathered on December response choices for the same question would include 7th to review the draft Community Plan for Pineville. “agree” (the combination of “strongly agree” and Source: Jung-Chen Huang “agree”), “neutral”, and “disagree” (the combination of “disagree” and “strongly disagree”). This aided in interpretation because it is useful to understand the general sentiment of the respondents toward a topic. Majority opinions held the most weight when setting goals and objectives and providing recommendations. For each question, the response with the highest percentage of respondents is bold-faced. It is important to note that in some circumstances the highest percentage does not indicate a majority opinion (greater than 50 percent of the total number of responses). In such cases, the respondents’ opinions were divided between the response choices making it difficult to determine the overall opinion of the community. Figure 58. Pineville residents provided comments about what they want for the future through what they want for the future through the community survey. Source: Jung-Chen Huang 116 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Results

1. Where did you live before Hurricane Katrina and where do you live now? Community/Location Percentage Before Katrina Percentage After Katrina Biloxi 1.3 1.5 Gulfport 5.2 5.9 Long Beach 14.3 16.3 Pass Christian 24.0 22.2 Pineville 22.7 28.4 North Long Beach 3.2 2.7 Other Unincorporated Harrison Co. 27.3 22.3 Louisiana 1.9 3.4 Other 0.0 1.4

2. How long have you lived in Harrison County? Length of Time Percentage Less than one year 0.7 One to five years 7.4 Six to ten years 11.5 Eleven to twenty years 18.2 More than twenty years 66.2 CAPPENDIX B 117

3. What type of housing did you live in before Hurricane Katrina and what type of housing do you live in today? Housing Type Housing Before Katrina (%) Housing After Katrina (%) Single-family home 93.5 75.8 Modular home 0.7 0.6 Manufactured home 3.3 3.2 Duplex or fourplex 0.7 0.6 Apartment 1.3 1.3 Condominium 0.0 0.0 With family or friends 0.7 1.9 FEMA camper trailer on my property 0.0 15.9 FEMA camper trailer on someone else’s property 0.0 0.6 FEMA camper trailer park 0.0 0.0 FEMA manufactured home 0.0 0.0

Housing Before Katrina (%) Housing After Katrina (%) Owned 97.4 86.8 Rented 2.6 13.2

3a. Was the home you lived in prior to Hurricane Katrina damaged or completely destroyed? Damage Level Percentage Partially Damaged 84.7 Completely Destroyed 15.3 118 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

4. If you had a choice, in what type of housing would you live in? (Rank your top three choices with “1” as your first choice.) Housing Type First Choice (%) Second Choice (%) Third Choice (%) Single-family house on large rural lot 79.1 5.8 3.5 Single-family house on small rural lot 10.4 72.8 5.8 Single-family house in city 5.9 9.7 57.0 Modular house in city 0.8 1.0 4.7 Townhouse in city 0.0 4.9 8.1 High-rise apartment/ condo in rural area 0.4 0.0 2.3 High-rise apartment/ condo in city 0.0 1.9 0.0 Manufactured home in rural area 0.0 2.9 9.3 Multi-family home in rural area 0.4 0.0 2.3 Multi-family home above businesses downtown 0.4 1.0 2.3 Multi-family home in city 0.4 0.0 1.2 Other 0.4 0.0 3.5

5. What types of growth policies should be pursued in Harrison County? Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Growth Policy Agree (%) (%) (%) (%) Disagree (%) Revitalize existing residential areas 73.5 19.9 4.6 0.7 1.3 Encourage the construction of new housing 55.6 23.9 12.7 4.2 3.5 Revitalize existing commercial areas and main streets 61.3 23.2 10.6 4.2 0.7 Encourage the construction of new shopping centers 37.9 28.3 11.7 9.7 12.4 Encourage the construction of new office and industrial parks 23.2 29.6 19.7 15.5 12.0 Revitalize older office and industrial sites 39.2 36.4 14.0 5.6 4.9 CAPPENDIX C 119

6. Before and after Hurricane Katrina how responsive was your local government to the needs of the citizens? Prior to Hurricane Katrina (%) Since Hurricane Katrina (%) Very Responsive 25.5 23.7 Somewhat Responsive 34.6 38.5 Neutral 22.2 17.0 Somewhat Unresponsive 11.1 8.9 Very Unresponsive 6.5 11.1 Other 0.0 0.7

7. Please indicate how well you think the government agencies in Harrison County are addressing the following issues. Issue Excellent (%) Good (%) Neutral (%) Fair (%) Poor (%) Providing affordable housing 5.1 14.6 38.0 16.1 26.3 Addressing the needs of low income residents 5.3 15.0 41.4 13.5 24.8 Encouraging local business development 6.7 29.6 30.4 17.8 15.6 Stimulating growth of quality jobs 5.1 19.1 35.3 19.1 21.3 Keeping neighborhoods safe 9.4 38.1 20.9 17.3 14.4 Improving the attractiveness of the community 2.2 20.0 28.9 17.0 31.9 Revitalizing older neighborhoods 1.5 12.2 37.4 18.3 30.5 Controlling traffic congestion 3.0 32.3 21.1 27.1 16.5 Providing public transportation 3.0 16.5 30.8 16.5 33.1 Providing water, sewer and storm water facilities 2.2 11.2 29.1 19.4 38.1 Providing parks and recreational facilities 3.0 21.6 20.1 20.1 35.1 Preserving open space/natural areas 0.8 9.8 33.8 24.8 30.8 Controlling environmental problems 1.5 12.3 28.5 26.2 31.5 Other 5.0 10.0 40.0 15.0 30.0 120 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

8. If you work, do you commute to a city/community that is different from the community you live in? (Check one.) Work in Different Community Percentage Yes 48.3 No 51.7

Average Commute (Miles) 19.5

Community of Workplace Percentage Bay St. Louis 5.8 Biloxi 7.2 Gulfport 23.2 Long Beach 21.7 Pass Christian 15.9 Waveland 2.9 Unincorporated Harrison County 4.3 Other 18.8 CAPPENDIX C 121

9. Which of the following communities do you think share similar concerns and needs as your community? (Check all that apply.) Community Percentage Bay St. Louis 66.1 Biloxi 20.5 D’Iberville 15.7 Gautier 14.2 Gulfport 27.6 Long Beach 66.9 Moss Point 12.6 Ocean Springs 18.9 Pascagoula 10.2 Pass Christian 74.8 Waveland 51.2 Unincorporated Harrison County 42.5 Other 3.1

10. What other suggestions do you have for Harrison County’s future? Please explain. • Sewer and water to additional areas (14 responses) • Provide bicycle and pedestrian paths along roadways (9 responses) • Restrict eyesores such as salvage yards and enforce maintenance of properties (7 responses) • Ban manufactured housing (6 responses) • Maintain drainage ditches in working condition or culvert all ditches (6 responses) • Better zoning (5 responses) • Require removal of badly damaged structures and unclaimed autos (5 responses) • Provide parks and other recreational opportunities (5 responses) • Widen major roads between Interstate Highway 10 and US Highway 90 (4 responses) • More preserved greenspace (3 responses) • Better, more accessible schools (3 responses) • Grocery store (3 responses) • Protect bayous and river (2 responses) • Increased law enforcement presence (2 responses) 122 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

• Manage growth strictly to maintain • Retrieve oil revenues from the government community’s character (2 responses) • More community-based businesses • Better fire protection (2 responses) • Bury utility lines • Prevent littering along roads (2 responses) • Incorporate • Family-oriented businesses (2 responses) • Attract hightech firms to Long Beach • Protect wetlands (2 responses) Industrial Park • More seperation of residential and commercial • Prevent rezonings for subdivisions and tract (2 responses) building • Planned developments • Pave Tillman Road • Adopt SmartCode • Create a Condominium development, a casino • Develop waterfront as mixed commercial and development and a commercial park residential • Better leadership from elected officials • Straighten the ‘S’ curve on Jones Road. • Don’t allow more dense residential or 11. What major roads or water bodies would you commercial on Jones Road consider to be the geographic boundaries of Pineville- • Allow modular housing North Long Beach? • Higher taxes on undeveloped property • Boundaries as in plan (3) • Approve FEMA ABFEs • Freddie Frank Road to Beatline Road to North • Add crosswalks to roads Street • Restore businesses that existed pre-Katrina • Pineville Road • Additional residential • Menge Avenue to Beatline Road • More big-box stores such as Walmart • Johnson Bayou • Amend zoning ordinance to allow mixed use • Wolf River to Beatline Road west residential and commercial • Menge Avenue to Red Creek Road to Interstate • Housing for low-income individuals affected Highway 10 to Johnson Bayou to Wolf River by Katrina • Johnson Bayou, Menge Avenue, Red Creek • Speed limits on waterways Road • Consolidate as one government • Menge Avenue, Beatline Road, Wolf River, • Clean bayous Demourelle Road • No condominiums or casinos • Menge Avenue, Wolf River, Espy Avenue • Repair roads • Wolf River to 28th Street • Swimming pool in Pineville community • Interstate Highway 10, the St. Louis Bay, the • Widen Espy gulf, Beatline Road • Maintain rural character • Beatline Road, 28th Street, Interstate Highway CCAPPENDIX B 123

10 Christian to Interstate Highway 10 • Wolf River to 28th Street, Beatline Road to • Interstate Highway 10, 28th Street, Wolf Pass Christian city limits River, Beatline Road, Industrial park • Pineville Road, Beatline Road • Espy Avenue, Menge Avenue, Beatline Road, • Menge Avenue, Johnson Bayou Wolf River • Espy Avenue, Demourelle • Pineville Road to Espy Avenue • 28th Street to Wolf River • Henderson Road, Beatline Road, Wolf River • Cuevas • Johnson Bayou, Bayou Portage, Bayou • Interstate Highway 10, 28th Street, Wolf River Arcadian, Wolf River, Espy Avenue to Beatline • 28th Street Road via Red Creek Road • Espy Avenue • Espy Avenue • Bayou Portage, Espy Avenue, Demourelle, • Bay of St. Louis to Canal Road to Pineville Intersection of Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road Road • Interstate Highway 10 and Pass Christian/ • Wolf River Long Beach boundaries • Menge Avenue, Henderson Road, Bayou • Espy Avenue, Pineville Road, Menge Avenue, Portage, Wolf River, Arcadia Road Beatline Road, Long Beach canal • Arcadia Road to Henderson Avenue to Bayou • Espy Avenue, Beatline Road Portage • Interstate Highway 10, Canal Road, 28th • Wolf River, Johnson Bayou, Bayou Portage Street, Beatline Road, Menge Avenue • Menge Avenue, Wolf river • Wolf River, Interstate Highway 10, Canal • Wolf River, 28th Street, Beatline Road, Menge Road, US Highway 90 Avenue, Pineville Road • Interstate Highway 10, Menge Avenue, 28th • Espy Avenue Street • Interstate Highway 10, Bay of St. Louis • 28th Street, Interstate Highway 10, Beatline • Red Creek Road Road • Interstate Highway 10, Menge Avenue • Interstate Highway 10, Menge Avenue, 28th • Wolf River, Espy Avenue, City of Pass Street Christian • Beatline Road, Red Creek Road • Espy Avenue, Wolf River, Pass Christian, Bay • 28th Street of St. Louis • Interstate Highway 10, Beatline Road, Canal • Menge Avenue to Beatline Road Road, Menge Avenue • Interstate Highway 10 to Wolf River • Wolf River • Bay of St Louis to Beatline Road to Pass • Johnson Bayou, Pineville Road, 28th Street 124 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

• Wolf River, Beatline Road, Red Creek Road, Avenue; South - Demourelle Road; North - Menge Avenue Red Creek • Bayou Portage • Espy Avenue & Red Creek Road • Menge Avenue, Henderson Road • North: Red Creek Road, East: Espy Avenue, • Wolf River South: Derrick Road; West: Henderson Road • Menge Avenue, Beatline Road, Red Creek Road • Wolf River 12. What building, intersection or other landmark do • Wolf River, Beatline Road you consider to be the center of Pineville-North Long • Wolf River, Menge Avenue, Pineville Road, Beach? Bay of St. Louis, gulf • Pineville elementary school (20 responses) • Menge Avenue, Espy Avenue, Pass Christian • Menge Avenue and Pineville Road (17 • Beatline Road responses) • Menge Avenue • Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road (8 • Turtle Creek Watershed responses) • Interstate Highway 10 North; Interstate • Old Cuevas Store/Cuevas Bistro at Bayou Highway 10 and East Side of Bay of St. Louis Portage Bridge (7 responses) • Interstate Highway 10 and Bay of St. Louis • Pineville Road and Espy Avenue (4 responses) • Industrial Park South, Interstate Highway 10 • West Harrison Civic Center (3 responses) North • Pineville Road (3 responses) • Interstate Highway 10, gulf, Wolf River, Pass • Beatline Road and Pineville Road (2 responses) Christian • Beatline Road (2 responses) • Bay of St. Louis • Beatline Road and 28th Street (2 responses) • Interstate Highway 10 to Beatline Road to • Menge Avenue (2 responses) North Street to Railway Tracks • 1 response each for Cuevas fire station, Red • Cuevas Delisle Road Creek Road and Daughtery Road, Dupont • Bells Ferry Road to Wolf River Railroad, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic • Hampton Road, Beatline Road Church, Menge Avenue and Freddie Franke • Beatline Road Road, Pineville Presbyterian church, Discovery • East Espy Avenue, North Interstate Highway Bay, Red Creek/Espy Avenue, Espy Avenue 10, South Pineville Road, West Bay of St. and Pineville Road, Lindsey Avenue, Espy Louis Avenue, Beatline Road and Pineville Road, • 28th Street Church on Menge Avenue and Dale Road, • Wolf River, Long Beach Cuevas , Long Beach Industrial Park • West - West side of MengeAvenue; East - Espy CCAPPENDIX B 125

13. What do you think about the pace of land development in Pineville-North Long Beach? Development Pace Percentage Too fast 15.8 Just right 29.5 Too slow 31.7 I don’t know 23.0

4. To what degree do you support or oppose the following: Disaggregate Results Strongly Support Support Neutral Oppose Strongly Oppose Issue (% responses) (% responses) (% responses) (% responses) (% responses) Growth of retail and restaurants 28.6 34.7 13.6 10.2 12.9 along Menge Growth of condominium development along Wolf River and 8.7 16.0 12.7 31.3 31.3 Bayous Growth of single-family development 55.1 30.6 12.2 0.7 1.4 Preserve/Conserve land along Wolf 62.6 24.5 9.5 1.4 2.0 River and Bayous Place utility lines underground 77.2 16.1 5.4 0.0 1.3

Encourage jobs 64.2 25.7 8.8 0.7 0.7 Expand sewer services 61.6 14.6 12.6 6.0 5.3 Expand water services 56.2 15.8 16.4 6.2 5.5 Casino development along St. Louis 17.6 16.9 25.7 12.2 27.7 Bay 126 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

15. What ideas do you have for how the Discovery Bay 17. Which of the following open space/recreation areas area should develop for the future? would you consider supporting? • Residential (20 responses) Facility Type Percentage • Condominiums (13 responses) • Casino (11 responses) Community Park 55.5 • Marina (11 responses) Walking trails 53.6 • Restaurants (8 responses) • Leave alone – wetlands (7 responses) Picnic area 45.5 • Resort (5 responses) Bike path 47.9 • Recreation (4 responses) • No commercial fishing (2 responses) Boat launch 47.9 • Boat launch (2 responses) Marina 39.8 • Shopping (2 responses) • No casino (2 responses) 17a. If new open space/recreation areas are added how would • Mixed-use (2 responses) you consider supporting maintenance? • Camping (2 responses) • Apartments Funding Type Percentage • No condominiums • Family-oriented County maintenance 71.2 Homeowners Association • Commercial 14.7 • Golf Course maintenance Additional tax or fee for maintenance 14.1 16. The amount of community owned open space and recreation land is: (Check one response) 18. What characteristics of Pineville are especially important to you? Please explain. Amount Percentage • Rural character (35 responses) Too little 61.2 • Quiet (16 responses) • Natural environment and beauty (15 responses) Right amount 37.2 • Small town charm (11 responses) Too much 1.6 • Closeness of neighbors (7 responses) • Historic place (4 responses) • Trees/Live oaks (4 responses) • Good schools (3 responses) • Starry skies • Fishing CCAPPENDIX B 127

19. Do any environmental hazards exist in your neighborhood (factory, landfill, polluted water body, dumping area, etc. responses)? Check one.

Existence of Hazards Percentage

Yes 49.3 No 25.7 I don’t know 25.0

19a. If yes, please explain the type of environmental hazard. • Dumping areas (19 responses) • Dupont plant and effluent (14 responses) • Rock-crushing plant (9 responses) • Polluted water bodies (7 responses) • Drainage ditches (5 responses) • Junkyards (5 responses) • Mosquitoes (4 responses) • Septic tanks emptying into waterways (4 responses) • Railroad (2 responses) • Landfill (2 responses) • Discovery Bay • Herbicide use • Alligators • Poor drainage • Speeding • FEMA trailers Figure 59. Citizens gathered from across the Pineville community to provide their opinions on the draft community plan. Source: Jung-Chen Huang 128 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

20. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has issued revised advisory flood zone maps for the Gulf Coast. It may take up to a year for these Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) to be finalized and adopted. What are your opinions regarding development or redevelopment in flood prone areas? (Check all that you agree with)

Option Percentage

Rebuilding should be permitted immediately without restrictions 20.9

Rebuilding in advisory flood zones should be allowed as long as structures are elevated to meet or exceed the 66.9 advisory height requirements

Rebuilding in advisory flood zones should be limited to temporary structures until the final Flood Insurance 7.9 Rate Maps are issued by FEMA Rebuilding in advisory flood zones should be delayed until the final Flood Insurance Rate Maps are issued by 9.4 FEMA Rebuilding should be prohibited entirely in advisory flood zones 4.3

21. What kinds of services (restaurant or post office, for example responses) do you really want and need in Pineville-North Long Beach? Please list them in the order of importance to you (where “a” is most important responses).

First Choice: Most Common Answers Third Choice: Most Common Answers • Restaurant (38 responses) • Recreation (12 responses) • Grocery (13 responses) • Restaurants (8 responses) • Post Office (9 responses) • Grocery (5 responses) • Walmart (5 responses) • Post Office (4 responses) • Fulltime fire protection/Swimming pool/Bank (2 responses each) • Gas Station (3 responses) Second Choice: Most Common Answers • Retail (14 responses) • Restaurant (13 responses) • Recreation (12 responses) • Grocery (12 responses) • Post Office (7 responses) CAPPENDIX B 129

Visual Preference Survey

To understand Pineville citizens’ vision for their community, the planning team conducted a Visual Preference Survey (VPS) at the Town Hall meeting, on September 14, 2006. Approximately 200 people participated. A VPS consists of a series of different types of images of development. Participants in Pineville voted on whether the types of development depicted are acceptable for their community on a written survey form. Participants rate images on a scale of one to five (one being very unacceptable, three being neutral, and five being very acceptable). The Pineville VPS measured preference for housing setback from the road, housing density, single family housing style, elevation style, multi-family housing style, and commercial style. 130 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Figure 61. The image on the upper left was flound to be most acceptable by Pineville residents.

Figure 62. The image on the upper left is the most acceptable density for Pineville citizens. CCAPPENDIX B 131

Table 30. Visual Preference Survey Results

Very Unacceptable Unacceptable Neutral Acceptable Very Acceptable Housing Style

12% 12% 29% 25% 22%

32% 22% 25% 16% 7%

74% 14% 7% 1% 4%

5% 3% 11% 27% 54%

5% 4% 17% 44% 31% ]

15% 12% 23% 28% 23%

10% 11% 15% 33% 30% 132 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Very Unacceptable Unacceptable Neutral Acceptable Very Acceptable

33% 23% 20% 14% 9%

Elevated Housing Style

8% 5% 14% 34% 39%

1% 2% 9% 31% 56%

2% 2% 14% 33% 48%

6% 14% 21% 29% 29%

6% 5% 13% 33% 42%

7% 12% 17% 35% 29% CCAPPENDIX B 133

Very Unacceptable Unacceptable Neutral Acceptable Very Acceptable

Multi-Family Housing Style

7% 11% 14% 31% 37%

13% 10% 20% 35% 22%

21% 23% 14% 23% 19%

Distance from the Road

3% 6% 10% 23% 58%

6% 12% 28% 32% 22%

4% 11% 26% 37% 22% 134 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Very Unacceptable Unacceptable Neutral Acceptable Very Acceptable

23% 29% 18% 18% 12%

78% 11% 6% 2% 3%

Commercial Style

44% 20% 17% 12% 7%

21% 15% 23% 28% 14%

34% 10% 23% 20% 13%

19% 7% 17% 31% 27%

35% 13% 19% 17% 15% CCAPPENDIX B 135

Very Unacceptable Unacceptable Neutral Acceptable Very Acceptable

37% 11% 22% 22% 8%

Streetscape

63% 16% 8% 11% 3%

38% 30% 20% 10% 3%

12% 10% 19% 37% 22%

2% 4% 8% 39% 46%

23% 15% 23% 27% 12%

4% 8% 11% 27% 51% 136 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Phone and Online Comments

Citizens were invited to use a toll free 1-800 number and online discussion forum to voice their input on this planning process. Members of the Pineville planning area were invited to discuss planning issues facing their community and Harrison County, Mississippi. The discussion forum was opened to discussions on September 14th, 2006. Participants envisioned what they wanted Pineville to look like in the future and what amenities they wanted to add or expand on in the community. Participants believed that commercial areas should be developed as an attractive pedestrian-friendly business center. Currently grocers and clothing stores are at least a 15 minute drive away. Pineville area residents would like a center with a small town, mom-and-pop atmosphere where they can meet their daily needs. Among other common responses were recreational opportunities, medical offices, and restaurants. Comments generally reflected those received in the written survey and heard at the Town Hall Meeting. Other repeated responses were those that dealt with expanded recreational facilities. Participants thought such things as expanded sports’ fields and the addition of an indoor gym and workout facilities would be desirable. More activities, especially those geared Figure 60. Citizens participated in a visual preference towards the local youth, were identified as important. Source: Jung-Chen Huang Many expressed appreciation for this process and the invitation to participate. Overall, it has had a positive response; those who have posted comments expressed that they are glad to participate. This has allowed the planning team to have a continued a presence in the community, albeit virtually. The community used the forum as a place to com- municate about broad topics related to the planning process. The information obtained through the discus- “We want to keep our small town atmosphere” sion community has been incorporated into this plan. CAPPENDIX B 137

Figure 63. The Pineville community has a mix of features that the community values and wants to preserve as this plan is implemented. Source: Jung-Chen Huang 138 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

December Town Hall Meeting Table 26. Results of Goal Voting Goals Percentage On December 7th, 2006 a Town Hall Meeting for Pinev- Goal 1 ille residents was held at the Pineville Elementary School Support 87 Gymnasium. Approximately 150 residents attended this Town Hall Meeting. This meeting provided an opportu- Oppose 13 nity for the citizens of Pineville to provide feedback on the draft community plan and assist in clarifying what the Goal 2 community wants for the future. Citizens participated Support 92 in electronic voting and dot voting as described below. Oppose 8

Electronic Voting Goal 3 Support 91 Pineville citizens were asked to provide some Oppose 9 background information about who they are and their involvement in the planning process. Sixty- Goal 4 five percent of participants indicated that they Support 95 had lived in Pineville for more than ten years. A significant number of participants at the Town Oppose 5 Hall Meeting have participated in the community planning process. Thirty-six percent also attended the Goal 5 September Town Hall Meeting. Almost a third had Support 84 seen the draft plan before the Town Hall Meeting. Oppose 16 Sixty-eight percent had seen the planning newsletter, The Harrison County Planner, before the meeting. Goal 6 Participants in the Town Hall Meeting were asked Support 96 to indicate whether they supported each of the goals Oppose 4 in the draft plan developed in response to citizen comments. Seven goals were deeveloped to guide Goal 7 the future rebuilding of Pineville, as shown in Table Support 77 26, and all the goals received overwhelming support. Oppose 23 CCAPPENDIX B 139

Next, participants were asked whether they oppose the redevelopment option. The results of these would support a variety of redevelopment options for votes can be seen in Table 32.. Support was mixed, with Discovery Bay. Each option was presented and after each the amjority supporting conservation oriented options. option participants voted on whether they support or

Table 27. Results of Voting on the Redevelopment of Discovery Bay Do you support large lot residential development in Discovery Bay? Yes 45 No 55 Do you support a conservation subdivision in Discovery Bay? Yes 54 No 46 Do you support wetland restoration in Discovery Bay? Yes 66 No 34 Do you support resort hotel or condo development in Discovery Bay? Yes 44 No 56 140 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Participants were then asked to think about the type of development they would like to see in the neighborhood center.

Table 28. Results of Neighborhood Center Voting Do you support the addition of kayak or canoe access in the Pineville neighborhood center? Yes 68 No 32

Do you support allowing live-work units in the Pineville neighborhood center? Yes 55 No 45

Do you support the addition of sidewalks and bike paths in the Pineville neighborhood center? Yes 68 No 32

Figure 64. Residents prioritized strategies during a dot voting excercise at the December Town Hall Meeting. Source: Jung-Chen Huang CCAPPENDIX B 141

Dot Voting use to vote for any strategies that they do not support. Once the community agreed on the goals for Some participants placed multiple dots on particular the plan, they were asked to prioritize the strategies strategies emphasizing their strong support or that they most support and indicate any that they opposition. This is not a scientific poll, but designed do not support. Participants were provided with six to identify issues the community views as especially green dots which they were asked to place next to the critical.The feedback from the dot voting was used strategies that they believe are the highest priority. They to refine the strategies that appear in the community were also provided with six red dots which they could plan. The dot voting results are shown in Table 29.

Table 29. Results of Dot Voting Goal - 1 Description Support Support (%) Oppose Oppose (%) Total Use the community plan as a guide for future growth and Strategy-A 12 60 8 40 20 development. Promote growth as specified in the designated zones of the Strategy-B 7 58.3 5 41.7 12 sector map and in the manner described in the concept plan. Strategy-C Promote a strong tax base and economic vitality. 14 77.8 4 22.2 18 Encourage the development and expansion of infrastructure Strategy-D needed to support development patterns identified by the Sector 4 26.6 11 73.4 15 Map and Concept Plan. Goal - 2 Description Support Support (%) Oppose Oppose (%) Total Strategy-A Promote low density uses in designated rural residential areas. 22 100 0 0 22 Preserve the quiet residential and scenic nature of appropriate Strategy-B portions of Menge Avenue. 27 100 0 0 27 Encourage the preservation of open space within new Strategy-C residential developments. 13 99.3 1 0.7 14 Strategy-D Preserve the dark skies at night by limiting light pollution. 26 100 0 0 26 Strategy-E Restore the connections between Pineville and its heritage. 7 100 0 0 7 142 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Goal - 3 Description Support Support (%) Oppose Oppose (%) Total Pursue available funds for the rebuilding and reconstruction of Strategy-A 11 73.4 4 26.6 15 homes and businesses damaged in Hurricane Katrina. Strategy-B Repair impacted infrastructure. 13 76.5 4 23.5 17 Restore and improve connections between the Pineville area and Strategy-C 12 100 0 0 12 the surrounding region.

Goal - 4 Description Support Support (%) Oppose Oppose (%) Total Strategy-A Protect the natural features located in the area. 8 100 0 0 8 Strategy-B Restore and preserve live oak trees in Pineville. 8 100 0 0 8 Encourage landowners to plant or restore storm-resistant native Strategy-C 4 100 0 0 4 species. Encourage the creation of a greenway along Wolf River and Strategy-D 24 54.6 20 45.4 44 Bayou Portage for environmental preservation. Enhance the gateways to the community to establish a strong Strategy-E 4 18 18 72 22 identity for Pineville, North Long Beach and Willow Creek.

Goal - 5 Description Support Support (%) Oppose Oppose (%) Total Strategy-A Provide a community park. 17 73.9 6 26.1 23 Promote the development of pedestrian and bike trail Strategy-B 31 72.1 12 27.9 43 connections. Strategy-C Encourage recreational activities on the bayous and Wolf River. 25 43.9 32 56.1 57 CAPPENDIX B 143

Goal - 6 Description Support Support (%) Oppose Oppose (%) Total Strategy-A Expand community facilities and medical services . 16 100 0 0 16 Strategy-B Improve roadway safety for the community. 25 92 2 8 27 Strategy-C Enhance safety for Pineville residents. 19 100 0 0 19

Goal - 7 Description Support Support (%) Oppose Oppose (%) Total Encourage development that incorporates the principles of Strategy-A 30 68 14 32 44 New Urbanism.

Figure 65. Residents reviewed the draft plan and determined that they support the goals of the community plan. Source: Jung-Chen Huang 144 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Appendix C. Potential Grant Funding Sources

# Funding Agency Name of Funding Program Description Website

Economic & Community Development 1 Foundation for the Mid Various Supports programs in the areas of education, economic http://www.fndmidsouth.org/grants_ South development, and families and children. funding.htm 2 Mississippi Development Mississippi Business This program provides grants and loans to counties to http://www.mississippi.org/content. Authority Investment Act Program finance improvements to allow primate companies to aspx?url=/page/3005& invest in new job creation. 3 US Dept of Agriculture Rural Community Provides grant funding for technical assistance in the http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rhs/rcdi/ Development Initiative areas of housing, community facilities, and community index.htm and economic development. 4 U.S. Department of Health Rural Assistance Center Serves as a clearinghouse of information on funding, http://www.raconline.org/states/ and Human Services, Rural programs and research for rural communities. mississippi.php Initiative 5 US Department of Community Development Provides funding for community development projects= http://www.hud.gov/local/ms/community/ Housing and Urban Block Grants cdbg/index.cfm Development (HUD) 6 US Economic Public Works and Economic This program assists distressed areas with grants to http://www.eda.gov Development Adjustment Program revitalize, expand, and upgrade physical infrastructure to Administration attract new industry, encourage expansion and generate and retail private sector jobs and investment. Historic Preservation

7 Mississippi Department of Community Heritage Provide funding for a variety of historic preservation http://www.mdah.state.ms.us/ Archives Preservation activities. CAPPENDIX C 145

Housing 8 Department of Homeland Hazard Mitigation Grants This program provides grants to local governments to http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/ Security implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after a hmgp/index.shtm disaster in order to reduce the loss of life and property in future disasters. 9 FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Provides funding to assist communities in implementing http://www.fema.gov/fima/fma.shtm Program measures to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood dame to buildings. 10 FEMA Increased Cost of This program helps homeowners cover the cost of Compliance Program meeting flood hazard mitigation requirements for all new and renewed Standard Flood Insurance Policies. Flood insurance policyholders in Special Flood Hazard Areas, can get up to $30,000 to help pay the costs to bring their home or business into compliance with their community’s floodplain ordinance. The funds can cover costs related to elevation, relocation, or demolition of flood-damaged structures. 11 Mississippi Development Hurricane Katrina Provides up to $150,000 grant for homeowners affected http://www.mda.state.ms.us Authority Homeowners’ Assistance by flooding during Hurricane Katrina. To qualify, the Grants home must have been owner-occupied as of August 29, 2005 and been outside of the federally designated 100-year floodplain, yet flooded during Hurricane Katrina. Additionally, the owner must have had flood insurance. Those receiving funds must comply with the 2003 International Building/Residential Codes and new FEMA Advisory Flood maps, and are required to purchase flood insurance. 12 Mississippi Home HB530 Construction Loan This fund provides financing for the construction of http://www.mshomecorpo.com Corporation Fund low-to-moderate income single-family housing units

Mississippi Affordable Housing Development Fund 146 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

13 US Dept of Agriculture Mutual Self-Help Loans Provides loans for homeowners and for communities http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rhs/sfh/brief_ to build and repair homes and provide water and sewer repairgrant.htm Housing Repair and service. Rehabilitation Loan

Rural Housing Guaranteed Loans 14 US Treasury Low Income Housing Tax Provides tax credits for the development of housing http://www.cdfifund.gov/programs/ Credits development. programs.asp?programID=5 Infrastructure Improvements 15 Federal Highway Formula Grants for Highway Provides funding to assist State transportation agencies http://www.fhwa.dot.gov Administration Planning and Construction in constructing and rehabilitating the National Highway System. 16 Mississippi Development Capital Improvements Provides loans for the establishment and expansion of Authority Revolving Loan Program capital improvements, such as water and sewer. 17 Mississippi Department of Drinking Water Systems Provides loan funds to public agencies to improve http://www.deq.state.ms.us Environmental Quality Improvements Revolving drinking water systems. Fund Loan Program 18 Mississippi Department of Mississippi Industrial Access This program provides funding to assist local http://www.mississippi.org/content. Transportation Road Program governments in the construction of roads that link aspx?url=/page/2844& industrial sites to roadways. 19 Mississippi Department of Safe Routes to School The Program makes funding available for a wide variety http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/saferoutes/ Transportation Program of programs and projects, from building safer street overview.htm crossings to establishing programs that encourage children and their parents to walk and bicycle safely to school. Natural Resources 20 Mississippi Audubon Birdhouse clinics The Society sponsors free clinics to help families build http://www.msaudubon.org/ Society bird houses to help protect the bird population. 21 Mississippi Department of Coastal Preserves Program1 This program provides funds for the acquisition, http://www.dmr.state.ms.us/ Marine Resources protection, and management of coastal wetland habitats. CAPPENDIX C 147

22 Mississippi Department of Aquatic Resources Trust Fund This fund allocates at least 15 percent of the revenues Marine Resources collected from the taxes on the sale of fishing equipment, pleasure boats, and motorboat fuel sales to the creation and expansion of boating access. 23 Mississippi Department of Tidelands Trust Fund This program provides funds for tidelands management, http://www.dmr.state.ms.us/tidelands/ Marine Resources such as conservation, reclamation, preservation, tidelands.htm acquisition, education, 24 Mississippi Department Mississippi Scenic Streams This program promotes the voluntary conservation http://www.mdwfp.com/level2/ of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Stewardship Program efforts along Mississippi rivers and streams. scenicstreams/introduction.asp Parks 25 Mississippi Department Land and Water Conservation This program provides funds for the development http://www.mdwfp.com/level1/lwcf.asp of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Fund of recreational sites and facilities. Funding for the Parks program is provided largely from Outer Continental Shelf mineral receipts, with additional income from the Motorboat Fuels Tax, recreation user fees, and through the sales of federal surplus property. 26 Mississippi Forestry Urban and Community Provides funds for the development of community http://www.mfc.state.ms.us/urban/uf3.html Commission Forestry Assistance Challenge forestry programs. Grant 27 National Arbor Day National Arbor Day Tree This program provides ten flowering or oak trees six to http://www.nationalarborday.org Foundation Planting Program 12 inches tall for members. 28 National Tree Trust Seeds and Roots Grant Provides funding for the development and operation of http://www.nationaltreetrust.org Programs community forestry programs. 29 US Corp of Engineers Aquatic Ecosystem This program provides funds to restore and protect http://www.usace.army.mil/ Restoration aquatic ecosystems if the project will improve the environment. http://www.usace.army.mil/business.html Parks and Recreation 30 Conservation Fund This program provides funds to plan greenways. http://www.conservationfund.org/

31 FundingFactory Funding Factory This is a fundraising program that provides funds for http://fundingfactory.com/ playground and other recreational equipment through community recycling. 32 Kaboom! Operation Playground Provides resources to assist communities in funding http://www.kaboom.org/ and designing playgrounds. Specifically targeting Gulf Coast communities with the Operation Playground program. 148 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

33 Mississippi Department of Boat Access Program Provides funds for the development of boat access http://www.dmr.state.ms.us/sport-fish/ Marine Resources facilities. Boat_Access.htm 34 Mississippi Department of Tidelands Trust Fund This program provides funds for enhancement of http://www.dmr.state.ms.us/tidelands/ Marine Resources public access to the public trust tidelands or public tidelands.htm improvement projects as they relate to those lands 35 Mississippi Department Land and Water Conservation Funds the acquisition and development of land for http://www.mdwfp.com/level1/lwcf.asp of Wildlife, Fisheries and Fund recreational development, such as sports fields and Parks, Outdoor picnic facilities.

Notes: 1. The Coastal Preserves Program is currently developing the Wolf River Marsh management plan. The management program includes identifying areas for acquisition potential and underscores the need to establish intergovernmental and private cooperation to manage the unique ecosystem surrounding the Wolf River Marsh. CCAPPENDIX D 149

Appendix D. Principles of New Urbanism, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development, and Land Suitability Analysis

Principles of New Urbanism within existing urban areas conserves environmental The Charter of the New Urbanism forms the basis for the resources, economic investment, and social fabric, while recommendations from the Mississippi Renewal Forum. reclaiming marginal and abandoned areas. Metropolitan This plan integrates many of the principles identified regions should develop strategies to encourage in the portion of the Charter pertaining to the regional such infill development over peripheral expansion. scale.1 The following principles, from the Charter, should guide public policy, development, and design in Pineville. 5. Where appropriate, new development contiguous to urban boundaries should be organized as neighborhoods and 1. Metropolitan regions are finite places with districts, and be integrated with the existing urban pattern. geographic boundaries derived from topography, Noncontiguous development should be organized as towns watersheds, coastlines, farmlands, regional parks, and villages with their own urban edges, and planned and river basins. The metropolis is made of for a jobs/housing balance, not as bedroom suburbs. multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages, each with its own identifiable center and edges. 6. The development and redevelopment of towns and cities should respect historical patterns, precedents, and boundaries. 2. The metropolitan region is a fundamental economic unit of the contemporary world. Governmental 7. Cities and towns should bring into proximity a broad cooperation, public policy, physical planning, and spectrum of public and private uses to support a regional economic strategies must reflect this new reality. economy that benefits people of all incomes. Affordable housing should be distributed throughout the region to match 3. The metropolis has a necessary and fragile relationship job opportunities and to avoid concentrations of poverty. to its agrarian hinterland and natural landscapes. The relationship is environmental, economic, and 8. The physical organization of the region should cultural. Farmland and nature are as important be supported by a framework of transportation to the metropolis as the garden is to the house. alternatives. Transit, pedestrian, and bicycle systems should maximize access and mobility throughout the 4. Development patterns should not blur or eradicate region while reducing dependence upon the automobile. the edges of the metropolis. Infill development 150 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

9. Revenues and resources can be shared more cooperatively set of standards for neighborhood location and design. These among the municipalities and centers within regions to standards are based on the principles of smart growth, urbanism, avoid destructive competition for tax base and to promote and green building, are voluntary, and are designed to acknowledge rational coordination of transportation, recreation, development that occurs consistent with the standards.2 public services, housing, and community institutions. The US Green Building Council’s core purpose is to transform the way buildings and communities are designed, built and operated, enabling an environmentally and socially SmartCode and Sector Map responsible, healthy and prosperous environment that improves The SmartCode is a model development code that uses the quality of life.3 The majority of USGBC’s work concentrates progressive planning techniques. As an outgrowth of the on green building practices. LEED-ND places an emphasis Mississippi Renewal Forum, planners modified the SmartCode to on the elements that bring the buildings together into a meet the needs of the Mississippi Gulf Coast. This plan builds neighborhood, and relate the neighborhood to its larger region on the work of the Renewal Forum, including the SmartCode. and landscape. This work will, much like the Green Building The SmartCode allows for planning at multiple scales, from the movement, create a label and standards that serve as an incentive regional context of the countryside down to the smaller scale of local for better location, design, and construction of new development. neighborhoods. At the broad countywide scale, the code recommends The LEED-ND standards are intended to positively impact dividing the landscape into different sectors. These sectors provide new development, encouraging developers to revitalize existing for a range of development patterns, from the preservation of urban areas, reduce land consumption, reduce automobile open space and rural areas deemed unsuitable for development dependence, promote pedestrian activity, improve air quality, to the encouragement of growth in more appropriate areas. decrease stormwater runoff, and build more livable, sustainable, A Harrison County Sector Map is under development. enduring communities.4 The LEED-ND Committee completed When complete, it will create a common language and vision the first draft of the LEED-ND rating system in September of for the future development of all communities in the county. 2005 and expects to begin pilot projects in late 2006 or early 2007. The County will ultimately determine how best to implement The LEED-ND ranking system proposes to establish four the development regulations contained within the SmartCode. “levels” of compliance, (Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum). The sector map for Pineville (see Map 3) identifies a The specific level of compliance achieved by a specific project desirable outcome for the future of the community in terms is determined by an adopted point system. The point system is of SmartCode principles and definitions. Application of the divided into two classifications, prerequisites and credits. For a SmartCode along these sectors can guide development in Pineville. project to achieve the “Certified” status all of the prerequisites must be met. Rankings beyond the certified status require Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for securing credits. The more credits received the higher the level. Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) Overview The point system is divided into four components as stated The US Green Building Council (USGBC), the Congress for in the following:5 the New Urbanism (CNU), and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) have proposed the development of national CCAPPENDIX D 151

ß Location Efficiency other areas. It is important to note that a Land Suitability Analysis ß Environmental Preservation determines the suitability of a land area for development, but does ß Compact, Complete, & Connected Neighborhoods not determine the suitability of individual parcels. Property owners ß Resource Efficiency would need to access their individual property for suitability. These results are not site specific and should not be interpreted in this way. For each component there are identified prerequisites and The results of the study can be seen in Map 18. The optional credits. Prerequisites include such items as; transportation highest-scoring area was the Canal Road interchange, followed efficiency; wetland and water body protection; compact development, by the Menge Avenue interchange and the site of the Long and energy efficiency in buildings.6 Credits include such items Beach Industrial Park. The two interchange sites scored well as; reduced automobile dependence; restoration of habitat or primarily because they are on high ground, have good soil for wetlands; housing diversity, and on-site power generation.7 Each development and are close to the highway. The area just east of the prerequisites and credits are explained in great detail and of Beatline Road and south of the interchange, where there is are provided a description as to how a developer would certify currently some single-family housing, received a “10”. Several compliance with the prerequisite or credit to receive recognition. areas received scores of “9”, including the Pineville Center (the In the case of other LEED programs developers have sought intersection of Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road), and the area to make their projects more attractive to investors that focus their just south of that, on both sides of Menge Avenue. The lowest- financing on green building projects, to lure tenants that strive to scoring areas were south of the Wolf River in the far western be more environmentally friendly, and to attract attention to their portion of the planning area. These areas scored poorly because projects. For example it was recently announced that the reconstructed of their low elevation, the presence of publicly-owned preserve World Trade Center will attempt to secure a Gold Building land, lack of water and sewer, and poor soil, among other factors. Certification.8 The USGBC and its partners hope that the LEED- Below is an explanation of each ND standards would stimulate the same competition for developers of the categories and the scoring scale. in the selection of the sites where they will place their buildings. Wetlands: An area was assigned a zero if it was made Land Suitability Analysis up of over 80 percent wetlands, a two if it was under As part of the planning process, the planning team undertook a 20 percent, and a one if it fell anywhere in between. Land Suitability Analysis for the Pineville area. The purpose of a Land Suitability Analysis is to identify the areas that are most Preserve: Areas made up primarily of preserved suitable for development. The first step in the process is to come land received a zero, all other areas received a two. up with a list of factors that need to be taken into consideration when determining the suitability of a land. The next step is to Hydric Soil: Areas with mostly hydric soil (i.e. wet assign numerical values for each factor, which are then totaled in soils not suitable for development) received a order to produce a ranking that can be used to determine whether a zero, partially hydric a one, and nonhydric a two. certain area should be developed or not, and how it compares with 152 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Forest: Those areas that were primarily forested received a zero, those with some trees received a one and land that was mostly free of trees received a two.

Distance to Interchange: Those areas within half a mile to a highway interchange received a two, over two miles a zero, and anywhere in between a one.

Sewer: Areas with existing sewer infrastructure received a two, those that were determined to have a good chance of receiving sewer in the near future received a one (this mostly included areas that were adjacent to existing sewer districts), and those with little prospects of getting sewer service received a zero.

Elevation: Areas with land elevation under 15 feet received a zero, over 15 feet a two, and anything in between a one. CCAPPENDIX D 153

Map 18. Land Suitability Analysis. Source: SMPDD, Pineville Planning Team 154 DRAFT COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

Notes: 1. Congress of the New Urbanism . (2006). Charter of the New Urbanism. Accessed October 16, 2006 : http://www.cnu.org/aboutcnu/index. cfm?formAction=charter. 2. U.S. Green Building Council. (2005). LEED for Neighborhood Developments Rating System – Preliminary Draft, September 6, 2005. page 3. 3. U.S. Green Building Council (retrieved October 2006) : http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=1 4. U.S. Green Building Council. (2005). LEED for Neighborhood Developments Rating System – Preliminary Draft, September 6, 2005. page 3. 5. U.S. Green Building Council. (2005). LEED for Neighborhood Developments Rating System – Preliminary Draft, September 6, 2005. pages 9 and 10. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. U.S. Green Building Council (retrieved October 2006) http://www.usgbc.org/News/PressR 155155 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE Appendix E. Acronyms and Glossary Acronyms

Advisory Base Flood Elevation (ABFE) American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) Advisory Base Flood Elevation (ABFE) Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Gulf Regional Planning Commission (GRPC) Harrison County Development Commission (HCDC) Mississippi Department of Transportation (MDOT) Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR) Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College (MGCCC) Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) Ohio State University (OSU) Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District (SMPDD) LEED-ND Recreational Vehicle (RV) Southern Mississippi Planning and Development District (SMPDD) Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) United States Green Building Council (USGBC) Visual Preference Survey (VPS) Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF)

Glossary ADVISORY BASE FLOOD ELEVATION: The Advisory Base Flood Elevation is a designation made by FEMA indicating the recommended elevation above sea level that a structure should be built. The ABFEs are an advisory numbers to be used until new FIRM (Flood Insurance Rate Maps) figures are released.

AGRARIAN HINTERLAND: The remote or undeveloped area beyond urbanized areas, usually agricultural or rural. 156156 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

AQUIFER: A layer of permeable rock, sand, or gravel through which ground water flows, containing enough water to supply wells and springs

ARCADIAN BAYOU: Runs east from Saint Louis Bay and is located just north of Arcadia Farm Road. Commonly called Arcadia Bayou.

ARCADIA FARM ROAD: Commonly called Arcadia Road, located between Menge and Henderson Avenues south of the Wolf River.

ARTERIAL: Arterials are roads whose major purpose is to move traffic efficiently from one place to another, such as between cities and towns. Arterials are further classified into major and minor arterials based on the volume of traffic they handle.

AVERAGE ANNUAL DAILY TRAFFIC: The Average Annual Daily Traffic number represents the average number of vehicles on a road or section of road per day, measured over the course of a year.

BELL’S FERRY ROAD: This road runs between Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road, primarily north of the Wolf River.

BRIDGE TENDER’S HOUSE: The Bridge Tender’s House is a historic building said to be over 150 years old. In the 1980’s it was moved from it’s original location west of Menge Avenue near Rouse’s Bridge to a location further south on the east side of Menge Avenue to protect it from flooding and storm surge.

BUFFER: The area of open land which serves to mitigate potential conflicts between different types of land uses. Buffer zones are most commonly employed between different types of uses but, in certain circumstances, it may be appropriate to provide a buffer between a natural resource and development.

BYRNEWOOD ESTATES: A single family residential subdivision of more than 15 homes located on the western side of Menge Avenue between Derrick Road and Dale Road.

CARTOGRAPHER: A person that makes maps.

CENSUS TRACT: A small, relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a county or statistically equivalent entity, delineated for data presentation purposes by a local group of census data users or the geographic staff of a regional census center in accordance with U.S. Census Bureau guidelines. Designed to be relatively homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time they are established, census tracts generally contain between 1,000 and 8,000 people, with an optimum size of 4,000 people.

CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT: Development in which individual lots may be smaller than the average lot authorized by the zoning ordinance. Buildable lots are located on a portion of rather than the entire site so that the remaining area may be preserved for recreation or environmental protection.

COLLECTOR STREET: A street that provides direct service to and from local areas, routing traffic to the arterial street system. A Collector Street provides the primary means of circulation between adjacent neighborhoods and can serve as a local bus route. The Street provides for the dual purpose of land access and local traffic movement. Generally, these roadways are not used for through trips. 157157 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

COMMUNITY PLAN: A plan for a specific geographic area. It explores the present factual condition of the area and projects possible futures. It also investigates the area’s needs while seeking to develop the general policy goals and guides through which the plan can eventually be implemented.

CONCEPT PLAN: A graphic representation of the land use and public investment policies for a specific geographic area. The concept plan is intended to compli- ment the sector map.

CONSERVATION EASEMENT: A legal mechanism whereby a landowner retains ownership of his/her land, but grants some right(s) to the land to a “holder” that is defined as a charitable organization declared exempt from taxation pursuant to 26 U.S.C.A. § 501 (c) (3).

CORMORANTS: A dark-feathered, hook-billed seabird roughly about the size of a duck. They are common along seacoasts in colonies with some species fre- quenting inland lakes and rivers. They are famed for their skill in fishing.

CORRIDOR: Property along major roads and thoroughfares.

CUEVAS BISTRO: A Southern-style restaurant occupying what was once the old Cuevas Store at the Y-junction of Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road. It has retained the original ceiling and a few columns from the Cuevas Store.

CUEVAS STORE: A grocery store founded in 1851 by the French immigrant, Bertrand Labardens, on the western side of the Y-junction of Menge Avenue and Red Creek Rd. Ran by the Cuevas family since 1893, it closed in the early 1970s.

DARK SKIES: Skies that can be viewed between dusk and dawn with little or no interference from the light pollution of cities and surrounding suburbs.

DEMOGRAPHICS:Demographics can include race, age, income, mobility (in terms of travel time to work or number of vehicles available), educational attainment, home ownership, employment status, and even location.

DENSITY: The number of persons or dwelling units per acre.

DIXIE WHITE NURSING HOME: The Dixie White House Nursing Home, located just outside the Pineville planning area, is on the site of the Camp Tuggville, a confederate Civil War camp.

DOLAN’S TRAILER PARK: Dolan’s Trailer Park is located on the east side of the planning area. It sustained minor to moderate damage from the hurricane and is now fully occupied.

DOT VOTING: Dot voting is a community feedback method used to gauge agreement and disagreement on different choices and alternatives. Community members at a meeting are given a number of green (support) and red (do not support) to place under various alternatives. The results are used to gauge levels of support and opposition, as well as mixed opinions. 158158 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

EAST-WEST CORRIDOR: a proposed roadway from Pass Christian that would intersect with Espy Avenue and continue eastward to intersect with proposed Route 601 east of Canal Road.

FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP : published by FEMA, show base flood elevations, insurance risk zones, and floodplain boundaries.

FLOODPLAIN: Those land areas in and adjacent to streams and watercourses subject to periodic inundation from flood events. For instance, the 100 year flood frequency event has a one percent chance of occurrence in any given year.

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION: A system for classifying the transportation system in terms of the character of service that individual facilities are providing or are intended to provide, ranging from travel mobility to land access. Roadway system functional classification elements include Freeways or Expressways, Other Principal (or Major) Arterials, Minor Arterials, Collector Streets, and Local Streets. Transit system elements include line haul, collection and distribution, and specialized or community oriented transit services.

GATEWAY: Entrance into a community or specific areas of a community typically along major transportation corridors.

GIS: Geographic Information Systems are used for mapping.

GLADACRES SUBDIVISION: A subdivision in Pineville located off Menge Avenue.

GREEN CORRIDOR: A corridor of undeveloped land, usually along a river or between urban centers, that is reserved for recreational use or environmental preservation. (Also greenway.)

GREEN DEVELOPMENT:Development that takes into consideration environmental effects (see LEED-ND).

GREENWAY: Linear stretches of open space that are used as public or private spaces, usually in the form of parks or trails.

GROUNDWATER: Water held underground in soil or permeable rock, often feeding springs and wells.

GULFPORT DRAGWAY: A drag strip located on the eastern edge of the planning area.

GULF ZONE OPPORTUNITY ACT (GO-ZONE): The Gulf Opportunity Zone Act of 2005 is a federal legislation that was passed by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush in December 21 of 2005. This legislation provides for Federal Tax Incentives to areas affected by Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma that were designated as warranting individual or public and individual assistance. Harrison County is included in the Zone for individual and public assistance.

HARRISON COUNTY BUILDING OFFICIAL: The building official is responsible for overseeing the approval process for building permits in the unincorporated areas of Harrison County. 159159 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

HARRISON COUNTY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT COORDINATOR: The grant coordinator is responsible for supervising the expendi- ture of Community Development Block Grant funds for housing and community development in the unincorporated areas of Harrison County.

HARRISON COUNTY PLANNER: The Harrison County Planner is a newsletter designed to keep the citizens of unincorporated Harrison County informed about the planning process underway in their communities.

HEDGEROWS: A fence or boundary formed by a dense row of shrubs or low trees. Hedgerows enclose or separate fields, protect the soil from wind erosion, and serve to keep cattle and other livestock enclosed.

HISTORIC TREE PROTECTION ORDINANCE: A tree protection ordinance ensures that historic trees, such as the live oak, can not be cut down except under specific conditions.

HUCKLEBERRY HILL ARBORETUM: An area set aside for the cultivation of trees and shrubs for educational and scientific purposes. An arboretum differs from a botanical garden in emphasizing woody plants, whereas a botanical garden includes investigation of the growth and development of herbaceous plants as well as trees and shrubs. Huckleberry Hill Arboretum, a part of University of Southern Mississippi, is located on Woodland way Road and also houses a center called Wildlife Rehabilitation and Nature Preservation Society (WRNPS).

HYDRIC SOIL: A soil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part.

INFILL: Development on vacant or underused sites within an established development pattern.

JONES ROAD: Located off of Menge Avenue north of Johnson’s Bayou.

KNOLLWOOD SUBDIVISION: A platted subdivision of land located on Jones Road west of Menge Avenue.

LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS: A process undertaken to identify areas that are most suitable for development.

LAND TRUST FOR THE MISSISSIPPI COASTAL PLAIN: This land trust acquires land and conservation easements along the rivers, bayous and wetland areas of the Mississippi Coastal Plain for permanent conservation.

LEAWOOD ESTATES: A single family residential subdivision of more than 20 homes located on the eastern side of Menge Avenue between Pineville Road and Derrick Road.

LIVE-WORK UNITS: A type of structure that accommodates both a residence and a small workshop or studio used for business purposes by the tenant. 160160 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

LOCAL STREET: A street which is primarily intended to provide direct access to properties abutting the roadway and within the immediate vicinity. A Local Street offers the lowest level of mobility and usually does not serve a bus route. Overall operating speeds are low in order to permit frequent stops or turning move- ments to be made with maximum safety. Service to through traffic movement is deliberately discouraged.

MEDIAN VALUE: In statistics a number that separates the lowest-value half and the highest-value half.

MINOR ARTERIAL: A roadway that carries a mix of local and through traffic. It links Collectors, and sometimes Local Streets, with Principal Arterials. Minor arterials may carry local bus routes, and are designed with greater emphasis on traffic movement than on providing access to abutting land.

MISSISSIPPI RENEWAL FORUM: A group of local leaders, private interests, and community planners organized by the Governor’s Office following Hurricane Katrina to aid in the development of plans for the recover, rebuilding, and renewal of the Mississippi Gulf Coast area.

MIXED-USE AREA: A specified area which includes two or more different types of uses within its boundaries.

MULTIFAMILY HOUSING: Structures designed to accommodate several unrelated households. Multifamily residences include duplexes, garden apartments, mid rise apartment buildings, and residential condominiums.

NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER: A cluster of residences, live-work units, civic space, etc. arranged in a traditional neighborhood form usually no greater in size than one-half mile from its center.

NEW URBANISM: A form of community planning that focuses on the development of the neighborhood as the principle building block of a community and that focuses on design elements characteristic of traditional neighborhoods and towns.

OPEN SPACE: Land which is provided or preserved for park or recreation purposes, conservation of land or other natural resources, historic or scenic purposes, or wetlands.

OSPREY: A medium to large fish-eating bird-of-prey.

PALUSTRINE: This includes any inland wetland which lacks flowing water and contains ocean derived salts in concentrations of less than 0.05 percent.

PERMEABLE: Allowing liquids to pass through.

PINEVILLE: A portion of unincorporated Harrison County encompassing the area roughly south of the Menge Avenue and Red Creek Road intersection, north of Pass Christian, west of Long Beach, and east of the Wolf River. Also used in the Pineville Community Plan to reference the entire planning area which encompasses the area roughly south of I-10, north of Pass Christian, west of Long Beach and Gulfport and east of east of the Wolf River and Menge Avenue.

PINEVILLE NON-PROFIT: A newly formed organization recommended by the Community Plan for Pineville to aid in the implementation of the community plan. 161161 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

POARCH SOIL: Consists of deep, well drained, and moderately permeable soils on uplands It is saturated in the lower part in late winter and early spring.

PORTAGE: The practice of carrying a canoe or other boat over land to avoid an obstacle on a water route or between two bodies of water.

PRESERVATION AREAS: Areas that are recommended to be permanently protected from development or conversion to uses other than their current use. Such areas may include such features as wetlands, live oaks, bayous, etc.

PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL: A highway that serves main travel corridors. Significant intra area travel and important intra urban and intercity bus services are served by this class of street. Some access is provided to abutting land, but the primary function of a Principal Arterial roadway is to carry through traffic.

QUARRIES: Areas where mineral resources such as stone, gravel, or sand are extracted from the earth. In Pineville, there are former quarries that were used during the construction of Interstate Highway 10.

RIPARIAN: Situated or taking place along or near the bank of a river, stream, or otherwaterway.

RIPARIAN CORRIDOR: The riparian corridor encompasses the stream channel and that portion of the terrestrial landscape from the high water mark toward the uplands where vegetation may be influenced by elevated water tables, or flooding, or by the ability of soils to hold water.

ROUTE 601: A four-lane divided full access control road proposed by the Mississippi Department of Transportation to travel approximately 35 miles between Interstate Highway 10/Canal Road and Wiggins in Stone County.

SANITARY SEWER: A wastewater collection system that relies on gravity or pumps for the movement of the waste from its source to a treatment facility.

SECTOR MAP: A map that graphically displays portions of the planning area based upon planned land use intensities.

SETBACK: A legally enforceable buffer zone between properties that requires a minimum space remain between the property line and any building construction.

SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL: Units designed to house one family per unit. Includes detached single family homes.

SKYLINE HILLS RANCH: This subdivision is located between Menge Avenue and Beatline Road south of Interstate Highway 10.

SMARTCODE: A model land use regulatory tool that is intended to enable the management of land use in a manner that accommodated private investment while building neighborhoods and communities in a more traditional manner than that often enabled through traditional land use regulatory tools such as conventional zoning. 162162 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

SOCIAL FABRIC: The elements of social activities that are considered essential elements of community. These may include opportunities to come into contact with one another, opportunities to recreate or shop with other, etc.

STABLEWOOD ESTATES: A single family residential development located on Menge Avenue south of its intersection with Interstate Highway 10.

STEERING COMMITTEE: A group of residents appointed by the Board of Supervisors to aid the planning team in the preparation of the community plan.

ST. LOUIS BAY: Commonly called Bay of St. Louis or the Bay.

STORMWATER: The flow of water which results from, and which occurs immediately following, a rainfall event.

STREET TREES: Trees that are located adjacent to streets or roads, often between the street and a sidewalk.

ST. VINCENT DE PAUL: The Saint Vincent de Paul school is a planned private elementary school to be located on the Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church site. It will have an enrollment of approximately 500 students and will replace two elementary schools: Saint Paul’s, of Pass Christian, and Saint Vincent’s, of Long Beach, which were destroyed in the hurricane.

TOPOGRAPHY: The layout of natural and artificial features on the surface of the earth, and the science of their detailed, graphic representations on maps and charts.

TRAILS: A pathway constructed of various materials such as asphalt, stone dust, or natural surface that is used for recreation, or as an alternative mode of non- motorized transportation, or both.

TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ZONES (TAZ): An area generally defined with specific geographic detail or edges (Road, Bayou, River etc.) and used in most transportation planning applications to summarize socio-economic characteristics and travel data for that particular area. TAZs vary in size depending on density and homo- geneity of land uses, and are defined by local transportation agencies.

TRANSECT: The transect is a system of land-uses and travel networks arranged on a rural to urban continuum.

TRAVIS LOTT MOBILE HOME PARK: A manufactured home subdivision located on the northern side of 28th Street in the North Long Beach area.

VIEWSHED: The area encompassed within an unobstructed view from a particular location.

WASTEWATER: Water mixed with waste matter. 163163 COMMUNITY PLAN for PINEVILLE

WETLANDS: Any land characterized by wetness for a portion of the growing season. Wetlands are generally delineated on the basis of physical characteristics such as soil properties indicative of wetness, the presence of vegetation with an unusually strong affinity for water, and the presence or evidence of surface wetness. Wet- land environments provide water quality improvement benefits and, in most cases, are ecologically valuable.

WILLOW SPRINGS: A portion of unincorporated Harrison County encompassing the area roughly south of the Interstate Highway 10, west of Beatline Road, north of Freddie Frank Road, and about a mile east of Menge Avenue.

W.M. LADNIER HOUSING DEVELOPMENT: A public housing complex of 82 units located along the northern side of 28th Street in the North Long Beach area within the lower eastern edge of the planning area.

WOLF RIVER CONSERVATION SOCIETY: This land trust acquires land and conservation easements along the Wolf River for permanent conservation.

WOODLAND WAY: Woodland Way is located off of Menge Avenue south of Red Creek Road.

ZONING: Parcels of land set aside for certain types and intensities of development in a way that is compatible with surrounding land and in conformance with the community plan.