A Resource Guide for Oceanography and Coastal Processes. INSTITUTION Southern Mississippi Univ., Ocean Springs
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Preliminary Catalog of the Sedimentary Basins of the United States
Preliminary Catalog of the Sedimentary Basins of the United States By James L. Coleman, Jr., and Steven M. Cahan Open-File Report 2012–1111 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Coleman, J.L., Jr., and Cahan, S.M., 2012, Preliminary catalog of the sedimentary basins of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1111, 27 p. (plus 4 figures and 1 table available as separate files) Available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1111/. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 -
MARINE ENVIRONMENTS Teaching Module for Grades 6-12
MARINE ENVIRONMENTS Teaching Module for Grades 6-12 Dear Educator, We are pleased to present you with the first in a series of teaching and learning modules developed by the DEEPEND (Deep-Pelagic Nekton Dynamics) consortium and their consultants. DEEPEND is a research network focusing primarily on the pelagic zone of the Gulf of Mexico, therefore the majority of the lessons will be based around this topic. Whenever possible, the lessons will focus specifically on events of the Gulf of Mexico or work from the DEEPEND scientists. All modules in this series aim to engage students in grades 6 through 12 in STEM disciplines, while promoting student learning of the marine environment. We hope these lessons enable teachers to address student misconceptions and apprehensions regarding the unique organisms and properties of marine ecosystems. We intend for these modules to be a guide for teaching. Teachers are welcome to use the lessons in any order they wish, use just portions of lessons, and may modify the lessons as they wish. Furthermore, educators may share these lessons with other school districts and teachers; however, please do not receive monetary gain for lessons in any of the modules. Moreover, please provide credit to photographers and authors whenever possible. This first module focuses on the marine environment in general including biological, chemical, and physical properties of the water column. We have provided a variety of activities and extensions within this module such that lessons can easily be adapted for various grade and proficiency levels. Given that education reform strives to incorporate authentic science experiences, many of these lessons encourage exploration and experimentation to encourage students to think and act like a scientist. -
Lake Ecology
Fundamentals of Limnology Oxygen, Temperature and Lake Stratification Prereqs: Students should have reviewed the importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Aquatic Systems Students should have reviewed the video tape on the calibration and use of a YSI oxygen meter. Students should have a basic knowledge of pH and how to use a pH meter. Safety: This module includes field work in boats on Raystown Lake. On average, there is a death due to drowning on Raystown Lake every two years due to careless boating activities. You will very strongly decrease the risk of accident when you obey the following rules: 1. All participants in this field exercise will wear Coast Guard certified PFDs. (No exceptions for teachers or staff). 2. There is no "horseplay" allowed on boats. This includes throwing objects, splashing others, rocking boats, erratic operation of boats or unnecessary navigational detours. 3. Obey all boating regulations, especially, no wake zone markers 4. No swimming from boats 5. Keep all hands and sampling equipment inside of boats while the boats are moving. 6. Whenever possible, hold sampling equipment inside of the boats rather than over the water. We have no desire to donate sampling gear to the bottom of the lake. 7. The program director has final say as to what is and is not appropriate safety behavior. Failure to comply with the safety guidelines and the program director's requests will result in expulsion from the program and loss of Field Station privileges. I. Introduction to Aquatic Environments Water covers 75% of the Earth's surface. We divide that water into three types based on the salinity, the concentration of dissolved salts in the water. -
Bottom Water and Bottom Configuration of the Great Atlantic Deeps. (1) (2)
bOTTOM WATER AND bOTTOM CONFIGURATION OF THE GREAT ATLANTIC DEEPS. (1) (2). (Extract from the Results of the German Atlantic Expedition) by G e o r g WUST. The problem of the origin and distribution of bottom water has been discussed from early times, and often. This results from the fact that more abundant materials of observation exist for the bottom than for the deep layers, because measurements of bottom temperature have been taken not only by exploring vessels, but also by hydro- graphic and cable-laying ships. The remarkably low temperatures of nearly o° C. on the bottom, which were confirmed on each occasion, also early served as the principal foun dation of the hypothesis of the polar origin of the bottom water. The polar bottom currents are consequently members of the deep oceanic circulation, the existence of which had been deduced from the distribution of the temperature before the Challenger expedi tion. If it had been thought before that time that the Arctic and Antarctic currents showed roughly the same development and met at the equator, it became clear, after the Challenger and Gazelle observations, that the principal mass of the bottom waters of the great oceans comes from the Antarctic Basin ; that in the Atlantic Ocean this bottom current chiefly leads into the western trough ; and that it can still be detected in the form of a cold stream as far as the equator (in its last ramifications it even passes the equator and reaches the North Atlantic). These expeditions have also shown the value of bottom temperatures for revealing the first magnitude shapes of the ocean bottom, a value which has been proved for the Atlantic Ocean by two examples which have become classic. -
Kinematics and Extent of the Piemont-Liguria Basin
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-161 Preprint. Discussion started: 8 October 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Kinematics and extent of the Piemont-Liguria Basin – implications for subduction processes in the Alps Eline Le Breton1, Sascha Brune2,3, Kamil Ustaszewski4, Sabin Zahirovic5, Maria Seton5, R. Dietmar Müller5 5 1Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany 2Geodynamic Modelling Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ Potsdam, Germany 3Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany 4Institute for Geological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany 10 5EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Correspondence to: Eline Le Breton ([email protected]) Abstract. Assessing the size of a former ocean, of which only remnants are found in mountain belts, is challenging but crucial to understand subduction and exhumation processes. Here we present new constraints on the opening and width of the Piemont- Liguria (PL) Ocean, known as the Alpine Tethys together with the Valais Basin. We use a regional tectonic reconstruction of 15 the Western Mediterranean-Alpine area, implemented into a global plate motion model with lithospheric deformation, and 2D thermo-mechanical modelling of the rifting phase to test our kinematic reconstructions for geodynamic consistency. Our model fits well with independent datasets (i.e. ages of syn-rift sediments, rift-related fault activity and mafic rocks) and shows that the PL Basin opened in four stages: (1) Rifting of the proximal continental margin in Early Jurassic (200-180 Ma), (2) Hyper- extension of the distal margin in Early-Middle Jurassic (180-165 Ma), (3) Ocean-Continent Transition (OCT) formation with 20 mantle exhumation and MORB-type magmatism in Middle-Late Jurassic (165-154 Ma), (4) Break-up and “mature” oceanic spreading mostly in Late Jurassic (154-145 Ma). -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Marine Geophysical Study
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Marine Geophysical Study of Cyclic Sedimentation and Shallow Sill Intrusion in the Floor of the Central Gulf of California A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography by Jared W. Kluesner Committee in Charge: Professor Peter Lonsdale, Chair Professor Paterno Castillo Professor Graham Kent Professor Falko Kuester Professor Michael Tryon Professor Edward Winterer 2011 Copyright Jared Kluesner, 2011 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Jared W. Kluesner is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and in form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii To my parents, Tony and Donna Kluesner and my grandfather James Kluesner iv "...Let us go, we said, into the Sea of Cortez, realizing that we become forever a part of it" The Log from the Sea of Cortez John Steinbeck v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ...................................................................................... iii Dedication.............................................................................................. iv Epigraph ................................................................................................ v Table of Contents .................................................................................. vi List of Figures ........................................................................................ ix Acknowledgments ................................................................................ -
The 18.6Year Lunar Nodal Cycle and Surface Temperature Variability In
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112, C02002, doi:10.1029/2006JC003671, 2007 The 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle and surface temperature variability in the northeast Pacific Stewart M. McKinnell1 and William R. Crawford2 Received 27 April 2006; revised 24 August 2006; accepted 21 September 2006; published 2 February 2007. [1] The 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle (LNC) is a significant feature of winter (January) air and sea temperatures along the North American west coast over a 400-year period. Yet much of the recent temperature variation can also be explained by wind patterns associated with the PNA teleconnection. At Sitka, Alaska, (57°N) and nearby stations in northern British Columbia, the January PNA index accounts for over 70% of average January air temperatures in lengthy meteorological records. It appears that the LNC signal in January air temperatures in this region is not independent of the PNA, but is a component of it. The Sitka air temperature record, along with SSTs along the British Columbia coast and the PNA index have significant cross-correlations with the LNC that appear at a 2-year lag, LNC leading. The influence of the PNA pattern declines in winter with decreasing latitude but the LNC component does not. It appears as a significant feature of long-term SST variation at Scripps Pier and the California Current System. The LNC also appears over centennial-scales in proxy temperatures along western North America. The linkage of LNC-moderated surface temperatures to processes involving basin-scale teleconnections expands the possibility that the proximate mechanism may be located remotely from its expression in the northeast Pacific. -
OCEAN SUBDUCTION Show That Hardly Any Commercial Enhancement Finney B, Gregory-Eaves I, Sweetman J, Douglas MSV Program Can Be Regarded As Clearly Successful
1982 OCEAN SUBDUCTION show that hardly any commercial enhancement Finney B, Gregory-Eaves I, Sweetman J, Douglas MSV program can be regarded as clearly successful. and Smol JP (2000) Impacts of climatic change and Model simulations suggest, however, that stock- Rshing on PaciRc salmon over the past 300 years. enhancement may be possible if releases can be Science 290: 795}799. made that match closely the current ecological Giske J and Salvanes AGV (1999) A model for enhance- and environmental conditions. However, this ment potentials in open ecosystems. In: Howell BR, Moksness E and Svasand T (eds) Stock Enhancement requires improvements of assessment methods of and Sea Ranching. Blackwell Fishing, News Books. these factors beyond present knowledge. Marine Howell BR, Moksness E and Svasand T (1999) Stock systems tend to have strong nonlinear dynamics, Enhancement and Sea Ranching. Blackwell Fishing, and unless one is able to predict these dynamics News Books. over a relevant time horizon, release efforts are Kareiva P, Marvier M and McClure M (2000) Recovery not likely to increase the abundance of the target and management options for spring/summer chinnook population. salmon in the Columbia River basin. Science 290: 977}979. Mills D (1989) Ecology and Management of Atlantic See also Salmon. London: Chapman & Hall. Ricker WE (1981) Changes in the average size and Mariculture, Environmental, Economic and Social average age of PaciRc salmon. Canadian Journal of Impacts of. Salmonid Farming. Salmon Fisheries: Fisheries and Aquatic Science 38: 1636}1656. Atlantic; Paci\c. Salmonids. Salvanes AGV, Aksnes DL, FossaJH and Giske J (1995) Simulated carrying capacities of Rsh in Norwegian Further Reading fjords. -
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and Sea-Level Change – State of the Art Report Technical Report TR-09-11
Glacial isostatic adjustment and sea-level change – State of the art report Glacial isostatic adjustment and sea-level change Technical Report TR-09-11 Glacial isostatic adjustment and sea-level change State of the art report Pippa Whitehouse, Durham University April 2009 Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co Box 250, SE-101 24 Stockholm Phone +46 8 459 84 00 TR-09-11 ISSN 1404-0344 CM Gruppen AB, Bromma, 2009 Tänd ett lager: P, R eller TR. Glacial isostatic adjustment and sea-level change State of the art report Pippa Whitehouse, Durham University April 2009 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from www.skb.se. Preface This document contains information on the process of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and how this affects sea-level and shore-line displacement, and the methods which are employed by researchers to study and understand these processes. The information will be used in e.g. the report “Climate and climate-related issues for the safety assessment SR-Site”. Stockholm, April 2009 Jens-Ove Näslund Person in charge of the SKB climate programme Contents 1 Introduction 7 1.1 Structure and purpose of this report 7 1.2 A brief introduction to GIA 7 1.2.1 Overview/general description 7 1.2.2 Governing factors 8 1.2.3 Observations of glacial isostatic adjustment 9 1.2.4 Time scales 9 2 Glacial -
Wave Equations Matt Am Rtin Royal Holloway, University of London
The Goose Volume 15 | No. 1 Article 38 9-1-2016 Wave Equations Matt aM rtin Royal Holloway, University of London Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Place and Environment Commons, and the Poetry Commons Follow this and additional works at / Suivez-nous ainsi que d’autres travaux et œuvres: https://scholars.wlu.ca/thegoose Recommended Citation / Citation recommandée Martin, Matt. "Wave Equations." The Goose, vol. 15 , no. 1 , article 38, 2016, https://scholars.wlu.ca/thegoose/vol15/iss1/38. This article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Goose by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cet article vous est accessible gratuitement et en libre accès grâce à Scholars Commons @ Laurier. Le texte a été approuvé pour faire partie intégrante de la revue The Goose par un rédacteur autorisé de Scholars Commons @ Laurier. Pour de plus amples informations, contactez [email protected]. Martin: Wave Equations skerry bride = beach breacher = strand strider = whale wake = trilobite’s headstone = acrobattleship = baker of laver bread = moray eel yawn = blade in fjord-scabbard = captain cook’s skillet = fiddler crab tremolo = cliff licker = dying undine = cove carver = dolphin’s counterpane = estuary’s peristalsis = grammar lesson at the school of fish = halibuttress = icebreak-dancer = ghost porpoise -
The Ocean, Climate Change and Marine Biodiversity of the Benthic Zone: Joining the Dots Simone Borg
Conservation of the Marine Environment and the Exploitation of the seabed - The ocean, Climate Change and Marine Biodiversity of the Benthic Zone: Joining the Dots Simone Borg To cite this version: Simone Borg. Conservation of the Marine Environment and the Exploitation of the seabed - The ocean, Climate Change and Marine Biodiversity of the Benthic Zone: Joining the Dots. Patrick Chaumette. Transforming the Ocean Law by Requirement of the Marine Environment Conservation - Le Droit de l’Océan transformé par l’exigence de conservation de l’environnement marin., Marcial Pons, 2019, 978-84-9123-635-1. halshs-02396008 HAL Id: halshs-02396008 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02396008 Submitted on 11 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. CHAPTER 3 CONSERVatION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND THE EXPLOItatION OF THE SEABED «The Ocean, Climate Change and Marine Biodiversity of the Benthic Zone: Joining the Dots» Simone Borg Resident Professor and Head, Department of Environmental Law and Resources Law, Resident Professor Department of International Law, Faculty of Laws, University of Malta, Malta Visiting Professor IMO International Maritime Law Institute, Malta RÉSUMÉ: L’application d’une approche intégrée est largement reconnue comme un aspect essentiel de toute politique et de tout régime juridique pour la conserva- tion des ressources naturelles. -
The Subduction Initiation Stage of the Wilson Cycle
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on February 20, 2018 The subduction initiation stage of the Wilson cycle ROBERT HALL SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK [email protected] R.H., 0000-0003-1693-6914 Abstract: In the Wilson cycle, there is a change from an opening to a closing ocean when subduction begins. Subduction initiation is commonly identified as a major problem in plate tectonics and is said to be nowhere observable, yet there are many young subduction zones at the west Pacific margins and in eastern Indonesia. Few studies have considered these examples. Banda subduction developed by the eastwards propagation of the Java trench into an oceanic embayment by tearing along a former ocean–continent boundary. The earlier subducted slab provided the driving force to drag down unsubducted oceanic lithosphere. Although this process may be common, it does not account for young subduction zones near Sulawesi at different stages of develop- ment. Subduction began there at the edges of ocean basins, not at former spreading centres or transforms. It initiated at a point where there were major differences in elevation between the ocean floor and the adjacent hot, weak and thickened arc/continental crust. The age of the ocean crust appears to be unimportant. A close relationship with extension is marked by the dramatic elevation of land, the exhumation of deep crust and the spectacular subsidence of basins, raising questions about the time required to move from no subduction to active subduction, and how initiation can be identified in the geological record.