O Download De Música Na Internet Nos Discursos Do Portal G1 (2006 - 2013)

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O Download De Música Na Internet Nos Discursos Do Portal G1 (2006 - 2013) JULIANA DE ALENCAR VIANA ASCENSÃO E QUEDA: o download de música na internet nos discursos do portal G1 (2006 - 2013) BELO HORIZONTE UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS 2016 Juliana de Alencar Viana ASCENSÃO E QUEDA: o download de música na internet nos discursos do portal G1 (2006 - 2013) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutora em Estudos do Lazer. Área de concentração: Cultura e Educação Linha de pesquisa: Lazer e Sociedade Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rafael Fortes Belo Horizonte Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da UFMG 2016 V614a Viana, Juliana de Alencar 2016 Ascensão e queda: o download de música na internet nos discursos do Portal G1 (2006-2013) [manuscrito] / Juliana de Alencar Viana. – 2016. 265 f., enc. il. Orientador: Rafael Fortes Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional. Bibliografia: f. 192-225 1. Lazer - Teses. 2. Música e Internet – Teses. 3. Mídia digital - Teses. I. Fortes, Rafael. II. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional. III. Título. CDU: 379.8 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela equipe de bibliotecários da Biblioteca da Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Aos ciberativistas, com respeito e admiração. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço: ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Rafael Fortes, pela leitura atenta e criteriosa deste trabalho, pelo rigor, apoio, paciência e compreensão nas horas difíceis; ao ORICOLÉ, pela acolhida e formação junto aos pares e companheiros de vida; ao Prof. Dr. Helder Ferreira Isayama, pela presença, pelas parcerias, pelas boas conversas e sinceridade; ao Prof. Dr. José Alfredo Debortoli, meu guia espiritual; ao Prof. Dr. Cleber Augusto Gonçalves Dias, pelas gentilezas neste percurso; ao Prof. Dr. Silvio Ricardo da Silva, amigo de todas as horas; ao Prof. Dr. Victor Melo, pela amizade e por ter me apresentado ao Prof. Dr. Rafael Fortes ainda no mestrado; ao Prof. Dr. Moisés Lemos Martins, pelo aceite de coorientação quando do processo em busca do doutoramento sanduíche na Universidade do Minho (Portugal); ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos do Lazer, aos seus professores e funcionários; aos colegas do GTT 09 – Lazer e Sociedade – do CBCE – Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte –, pela compreensão nas ausências; aos pareceristas deste trabalho, prof.ª Dr.ª Gisele Schwartz e Prof. Dr. Victor Melo, que gentilmente colaboraram para o desenvolvimento da tese; aos membros da banca, pela generosidade do aceite quando da composição da banca examinadora; à minha família querida, por compreender as ausências e me amar e apoiar assim mesmo, especialmente a mamãe e papai, por terem acreditado que um dia eu seria “doutora”; às minhas irmãs queridas, Jerusa e Jeanne, pelas partilhas da vida; à Tia Ana e ao Tio Salomão, pelo carinho da hospitalidade de toda uma vida e incentivo aos estudos; aos primos e primas, pela relação descontraída que alivia as tensões; aos sobrinhos, Eduardo, Beatriz, Antônio e Joaquim, pelas alegrias da meninice e vigor da juventude, um “sopro de vida”; à Cristiane Pisani, pela paciência da escuta, pelas trocas acadêmicas e pelo carinho de sempre; à amiga Flávia da Cruz Santos, pela amizade leal e atemporal; à Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, pelos quatorze anos de formação até aqui; aos colegas e amigos da primeira turma de doutorado (2012) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos do Lazer, pelos aprendizados; aos colegas e amigos da Escola Municipal Vasco Pinto da Fonseca (Contagem – MG) e do IFMG (Campus Avançado Ipatinga), pelo apoio e incentivo; à educação pública, gratuita e de qualidade, que ela persevere em tempos sombrios; à CAPES, pela concessão de bolsa de estudos. Se a rede segrega, vigia e exclui, para os piratas, ela agrega, organiza e empodera. (Saturnino - A emergência dos piratas nas redes do capitalismo informacional) RESUMO Por vezes, algumas práticas culturais na internet foram consideradas lícitas ou ilícitas, permitidas ou proibidas, transitando entre o prescrito e o imprevisto conforme os distintos interesses, sendo frequentemente objeto de disputa cultural e envolvendo relações de poder entre diferentes atores sociais como artistas, indústria fonográfica, governos e usuários. Essas disputas podem ser silenciadas ou evidenciadas nos discursos das mídias. Dessa forma, buscou-se investigar como o download de música foi representado nos discursos do portal de notícias G1 entre os anos de 2006 a 2013. Foram reunidas, organizadas e analisadas 713 notícias, com auxílio do programa Nvivo10, segundo seus aspectos políticos, culturais, sociais e econômicos. Nos aspectos políticos, apontamos os processos e condenações de usuários, o fechamento de sites e redes de compartilhamento de música; opinião de artistas e novas legislações. Nos aspectos econômicos, identificamos uma diversificação da oferta de bens e serviços; liberação de música digital gratuita em troca de receitas de publicidade baseado em audiência; incremento dos serviços de música online e a emergência de games musicais. Nos aspectos culturais, destacamos o remix, próprio da cultura digital e o tecnobrega, como outro modelo de produção, circulação e consumo musical, além de apontar articulações, disputas e relações entre o alternativo e o mainstream. Nos aspectos sociais, observamos permanências e rupturas nas teias da reciprocidade e novas formas de interação social pelo interesse musical. Nesse estudo, observou-se que não há uma unanimidade, não há consenso na abordagem política dessa prática, embora a repressão e punição pautem a maior parte das notícias encontradas no G1 e também as ações governamentais que tenderam, quase sempre, a criminalizar a prática de download de música em defesa do interesse econômico das grandes gravadoras em detrimento do interesse e do bem comum. Percebe-se que pouco espaço foi dado aos elementos de contestação ideológica, como iniciativas ciberativistas, em relação à repressão do livre compartilhamento de dados. Neste panorama, o acesso aos bens digitais – que está se tornando cada vez mais propriedade privada – pode representar as novas formas de inclusão e exclusão social em tempos de capitalismo cognitivo. Ainda se aborda o papel do consumo, frequentemente renovado na estruturação de estilos de vida, de perfis identitários e de comunidades de gosto que povoam as variadas redes de comunicação, sociabilidade e negócios que permanecem produzindo temas de investigação bastante produtivos cuja exploração pelos Estudos do Lazer parece inesgotável. Palavras-chave: Lazer. Download de música. Mídia. Criminalização. ABSTRACT Some of cultural practices on the internet were considered licit or illicit, allowed or prohibited, prescribed and not prescribed due to multiple interests, often being the cultural dispute objects and involving power relations between different social actors as artists, music industry, governments and users. These disputes can be silenced or evidenced in the discourse of the media. Thus we sought to investigate how the music download was represented in the G1 news portal discourses, from 2006 to 2013. 713 news were gathered, organized and analysed, with the software assistance Nvivo10, according to their political, cultural, social and economic aspects. The political aspects, we point out the prosecutions and convictions of users, the closing of sites and music sharing networks; opinion of artists and new legislation. In economic, we identified a wider range of goods and services; free digital music liberation in exchange for advertising revenue based on audience; increase in online music services and the emergence of musical games. In cultural aspects, we highlight the remix, own digital culture and tecnobrega as another model of production, circulation and musical consumption, while pointing joints, disputes and relations between the alternative and the mainstream. The social aspects, we note permanencies and ruptures in reciprocity on the web and new forms of social interaction by musical interest. In this study, it was noted that there is no unanimity, there is no consensus in the political approach of this practice, although the repression and punishment are in the most news found in the G1 portal and also in the government actions that tended almost always to criminalize music download practice in defence of the major labels‟ economic interests without consider the internet users‟ interests and the common good. Thus, among analysed news, it is seen that little space was given to ideological impugnment elements, as cyber-activists initiatives in relation to the suppression of free file sharing. In this view, the access to digital goods - which is becoming increasingly private property - may represent new forms of social inclusion and exclusion, in a historic context that emerges the cognitive capitalism. It is still discussed the role of consumption, often renewed in structuring lifestyles of identity profiles that occupy the communication, sociability and businesses networks, that remain producing enough challenging research subjects whose exploitation by Leisure Studies it seems inexhaustible. Keywords: Leisure; music download; media; criminalization. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES TABELA 1 Resultados de busca para as palavras-chave
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