DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents Executive Summary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents Executive Summary TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................. 6 LESSONS LEARNED……………………………………………………………………….8 1 SETTING ..................................................................................................................11 1.1 COUNTRY PROFILE...................................................................................................11 1.2 GOVERNMENT MECHANISMS FOR DEALING WITH CLIMATE-RELATED IMPACTS .............12 1.3 CLIMATE-RELATED AND OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS AFFECTING VIETNAM...................14 1.3.1 Tropical cyclones (typhoons) .............................................................................14 1.3.2 Floods ...............................................................................................................16 1.3.3 Drought.............................................................................................................17 1.3.4 Other weather-related hazards...........................................................................18 1.3.5 Diseases and pests .............................................................................................19 1.3.6 Earthquake, depression, cracking and landslides caused by geological activities19 1.4 LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN VIETNAM RELATING TO EL NIÑO...........................20 1.5 HISTORICAL INTEREST IN EL NINO BEFORE THE ONSET OF THE FORECAST AND/OR IMPACT OF THE 1997-98 EVENT ................................................................................................21 2 THE 1997-98 EVENT...............................................................................................23 2.1 FLOW OF INFORMATION ON THE 1997-98 EL NINO WITHIN VIETNAM ..........................23 2.2 PREVIOUS MENTION OF EL NIÑO IN THE MEDIA ..........................................................24 2.3 TELECONNECTIONS AND EXPECTED EFFECTS OF EL NIÑO...........................................24 2.4 CLIMATE-RELATED ANOMALIES AND IMPACTS OF THE 1982/83 EL NIÑO EVENT .........28 2.5 CLIMATE-RELATED ANOMALIES AND IMPACTS OF THE 1997/98 EL NIÑO EVENT .........40 2.6 RELIABILITY OF ATTRIBUTIONS OF DISASTERS TO EL NIÑO..........................................65 3 RESPONSES.............................................................................................................65 3.1 GOVERNMENT REPORTS OR STATEMENTS ISSUED BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPACTS OF THE 1997-98 EL NIÑO APPEARED AND RESPONSES AFTER THE EVENT .........................65 3.2 NATIONAL RESEARCH IN VIETNAM ON CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARDS AND EL NIÑO ......66 3.3 NATIONAL PLANS TO RESPOND TO DISASTERS ............................................................67 3.4 IS EL NIÑO EXPLICITLY CONSIDERED TO BE A DISASTER IN VIETNAM? .........................69 3.5 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON EL NIÑO AND VIETNAM .............................................70 Vietnam - 1 4 FORECASTING BY ANALOGY............................................................................70 4.1 IF A PERFECT FORECAST HAD BEEN AVAILABLE AS EARLY AS OCTOBER 1996 (KNOWING WHAT IS NOW KNOWN ABOUT THE ACTUAL IMPACT), WHAT COULD HAVE BEEN DONE DIFFERENTLY?.........................................................................................................70 4.2 WHAT ARE THE REALISTIC OBSTACLES THAT MIGHT HAVE PREVENTED THESE THEORETICAL ACTIONS BEING TAKEN?............................................................................................71 4.3 CAN EL NIÑO CONSIDERATIONS BE ADDED EXPLICITLY TO NATIONAL DISASTER PLANS?71 4.4 IDENTIFY THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES IN THE WAY YOUR COUNTRY RESPONDS TO EL NIÑO-RELATED CLIMATE ANOMALIES...................................................................72 4.5 DID THE 1997/98 EL NIÑO HAVE ANY INFLUENCE ON YOUR COUNTRY'S RESPONSE TO THE FORECAST IN EARLY 1998 OF AN EXPECTED LA NINA EVENT?..............................76 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................77 ANNEX...............................................................................................................................81 Vietnam - 2 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. GDP by sectors ____________________________________________________11 Figure 2. Governmental Mechanism dealing with climate related disasters _____________14 Figure 3. Monthly frequency of tropical cyclones in Eastern Sea. ____________________15 Figure 4. Tracks of tropical storms - October - in last ten El Niño years. ______________26 Figure 5. Tracks of tropical storms - October - in last ten La Niña years_______________27 Figure 6. Monthly frequency of landfall tropical cyclones in Vietnam._ Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 7. Variation of SST anomalies of NIÑO 3 and NIÑO 3.4 regions in 1982-1983 El Niño episodes _________________________________________________________29 Figure 8. Variation of SOI in the 1982-1983 El Niño Episode _______________________30 Figure 9. Variation of overall cloud cover anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Caumau, Buon Ma Thuat and Can Tho_________________________________________31 Figure 10. Variation of low cloud anomalies in the 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Caumau, Buon Ma Thuat and Can Tho_________________________________________31 Figure 11. Variation of overall cloud cover anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Phu Lien, Hanoi, Vinh and Dien Bien______________________________________32 Figure 12. Variation of low cloud cover anomalies in the 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Phu Lien, Hanoi, Vinh and Dien Bien______________________________________32 Figure 13. Variation of overall cloud cover anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Hue, Da Nang and Quang Ngai ___________________________________________33 Figure 14. Variation of low cloud cover anomalies in the 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Hue, Da Nang and Quang Ngai ___________________________________________33 Figure 15. Variation of rainfall anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Can Tho, Buon Ma Thuat and Cau Mau _______________________________________________34 Figure 16. Variation of rainfall anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Da Nang and Quang Ngai ______________________________________________________35 Figure 17. Variation of rainfall anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Dien Bien and Hanoi ___________________________________________________________35 Figure 18. Variation of rainfall anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Phu Lien and Vinh ________________________________________________________________36 Figure 19. Variation of sunshine anomalies in 1982-1983 El Episode in Can Tho, Buon Ma Thuat and Ca Mau _________________________________________________36 Figure 20. Variation of average temperature anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Buon Ma Thuat, Ca Mau and Can Tho _________________________________37 Figure 21. Variation of average temperature anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Hue, Da Nang and Hanoi ________________________________________________38 Vietnam - 3 Figure 22. Variation of average temperature in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Hanoi and Dien Bien_____________________________________________________________38 Figure 23. Variation of average temperature in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Phu Lien and Vinh ____________________________________________________________39 Figure 24. Variation of evaporation anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Can Tho, Buon Ma Thuat, Da Nang and Hanoi _______________________________________39 Figure 25. Tropical cyclone number active in El Niño episode_______________________40 Figure 26. Variation of SST anomalies of NIÑO 3 region in El Niño Episodes __________41 Figure 27. Variation of SOI in 1982-1983 and 1987-1998 El Niño episodes ____________42 Figure 28. Variation of overall cloudiness anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Can Tho and Buommathuat _________________________________________________43 Figure 29. Variation of overall cloudiness anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Hue, Da Nang and Quang Ngai ___________________________________________44 Figure 30. Variation of overall cloudiness anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Hanoi, Phu Lien, Vinh and Dien Bien ________________________________________44 Figure 31. Variation of low cloudiness anomalies in the 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Can Tho, Buon Ma Thuat and Ca Mau _________________________________________45 Figure 32. Variation of low cloudiness anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Hue, Da Nang and Quang Ngai ______________________________________________46 Figure 33. Variation of low cloudiness anomalies in 1982-1983 El Niño Episode in Hue, Da Nang and Quang Ngai ______________________________________________46 Figure 34. Variation of rainfall anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Can Tho, Buonmathoat and Ca Mau ___________________________________________47 Figure 35. Variation of rainfall anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Hue and Da Nang ________________________________________________________________48 Figure 36. Variation of sunshine anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Can Tho, Buonmathuat and Ca Mau ___________________________________________49 Figure 37. Variation of sunshine anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Hue, Dang and Quang Ngai ______________________________________________________49 Figure 38. Variation of average temperature anomalies in 1997-1998 El Niño Episode in Can Tho, Buon Ma Thuat and Ca Mau ______________________________________________________50 Figure 39. Variation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vietnam's National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environmental Management
    MONRE Vietnam’s National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environmental Management NATIONAL REPORT Prepared by: Viet Nam NCSA Team Department of Environment Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Hanoi, June 2006 1 TABLE OF CONTENT Page LIST OF FIGURE................................................................................................ 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. 7 PART I: INTRODUCTION – GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONTEXT AND THE NATIONAL CAPACITY SELF-ASSESSMENT (NCSA) PROCESS IN VIETNAM .................................................................................................................. 10 1 Global environmental issues .............................................................................. 10 2 National Capacity Self Assessment Process and Project in Vietnam .................... 10 2.1 Project objectives ...................................................................................... 10 2.2 Implementation arrangement .................................................................. 11 2.3 NCSA implementation process in Viet Nam ........................................ 12 2.4 Major Stakeholders ..................................................................................... 13 2.5 Monitoring Arrangements ........................................................................... 13 PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
    [Show full text]
  • The SRAO Story by Sue Behrens
    The SRAO Story By Sue Behrens 1986 Dissemination of this work is made possible by the American Red Cross Overseas Association April 2015 For Hannah, Virginia and Lucinda CONTENTS Foreword iii Acknowledgements vi Contributors vii Abbreviations viii Prologue Page One PART ONE KOREA: 1953 - 1954 Page 1 1955 - 1960 33 1961 - 1967 60 1968 - 1973 78 PART TWO EUROPE: 1954 - 1960 98 1961 - 1967 132 PART THREE VIETNAM: 1965 - 1968 155 1969 - 1972 197 Map of South Vietnam List of SRAO Supervisors List of Helpmate Chapters Behrens iii FOREWORD In May of 1981 a group of women gathered in Washington D.C. for a "Grand Reunion". They came together to do what people do at reunions - to renew old friendships, to reminisce, to laugh, to look at old photos of them­ selves when they were younger, to sing "inside" songs, to get dressed up for a reception and to have a banquet with a speaker. In this case, the speaker was General William Westmoreland, and before the banquet, in the afternoon, the group had gone to Arlington National Cemetery to place a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. They represented 1,600 women who had served (some in the 50's, some in the 60's and some in the 70's) in an American Red Cross program which provided recreation for U.S. servicemen on duty in Europe, Korea and Vietnam. It was named Supplemental Recreational Activities Overseas (SRAO). In Europe it was known as the Red Cross center program. In Korea and Vietnam it was Red Cross clubmobile service.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vietnam War
    Fact Sheet 1: Introduction- the Vietnam War Between June 1964 and December 1972 around 3500 New Zealand service personnel served in South Vietnam. Unlike the First and Second World Wars New Zealand’s contribution in terms of personnel was not huge. At its peak in 1968 the New Zealand force only numbered 543. Thirty-seven died while on active service and 187 were wounded. The Vietnam War – sometimes referred to as the Second Indochina War – lasted from 1959 to 1975. In Vietnam it is referred to as the American War. It was fought between the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and its allies, and the US-supported Republic of Vietnam in the south. It ended with the defeat of South Vietnam in April 1975. Nearly 1.5 million military personnel were killed in the war, and it is estimated that up to 2 million civilians also died. This was the first war in which New Zealand did not fight with its traditional ally, Great Britain. Our participation reflected this country’s increasingly strong defence ties with the United States and Australia. New Zealand’s involvement in Vietnam was highly controversial and attracted protest and condemnation at home and abroad. A study of New Zealand’s involvement in the Vietnam War raises a number of issues. As a historical study we want to find out what happened, why it happened and how it affected people’s lives. This war meant different things to different people. The Vietnam War was, and still is, an important part of the lives of many New Zealanders.
    [Show full text]
  • Numerical Study on Regional Climate Change Due to the Past and Future Urbanization Over Greater Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
    Numerical Study on Regional Climate Change due to the Past and Future Urbanization over Greater Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam May 2016 Quang Van DOAN Numerical Study on Regional Climate Change due to the Past and Future Urbanization over Greater Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Science ( Doctoral Program in Geoenvironmental Sciences ) Quang Van DOAN Abstract Firstly, this study examines climatic impact of urbanization on the variability of the urban heat island (UHI) effect over Greater Ho Chi Minh City metropolits (GHCM) since the late 1980s, using the dynamical downscaling with 1km-resolution regional climate model coupled to an urban canopy model (RCM/UCM). This is the first application of RCM/UCM to a city in developing countries in Southeast Asia in assessing the impacts of the past land-use and anthropogenic heat release during the selected three periods (circa 1989, 1999, and 2009). The main findings are as follows: First, agreement between simulated results (for urban condition in 2009) and observation demonstrates that the RCM/UCM is able to reproduce the urban climate of GHCM. Second, the evolution of spatial distribution of UHI is closely associated with urban expansion. The increase in the surface air temperature was about 0.3 ◦C in the pre-existing urbanized area and about 0.6 ◦C in newly urbanized area in the last 20 years. Main factor of these changes is a conversion of agriculture or grassland into the urban structure which results in an increase in sensible heating and decrease in latent heating.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam: Water Resources
    Climate Change Impacts in Huong River Basin and Adaptation in its Coastal District Phu Vang, Thua Thien Hue Province Le Nguyen Tuong, Tran Mai Kien, Tran Thuc and Tran Quynh 1. Introduction Located in Southeast Asia, with a tropical monsoon climate and a coastline of more than 3,260km, Vietnam is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. Most of the disasters that occur in the country are related to weather and climate, and consequently climate change and climate variability are likely to pose increasing threats to Vietnam and its inhabitants in the near and long-term future. Climate change is not only an “environmental” issue; it already poses a wider threat to the sustainable development of Vietnam, having impacts on all sectors and regions of the country. In fact, the potential impacts of climate change on Vietnam are considered to be a very seri- ous challenge to national efforts towards hunger eradication, poverty reduction and sustainable development. The sectors most vulnerable to climate change have been identified as: natural resources (water, land, and biodiversity); agriculture and aquaculture; energy; transport; and public health. According to a recent assessment by the World Bank Vietnam is among the five most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change and consequent sea level rise. The strongest impacts are likely to be experienced in the low land delta (the Mekong River delta in the south and Red River delta in the north) and coastal areas. With a projected sea level rise of 1m by 2100, about 10% of the Vietnamese population would be directly affected and GDP would decrease by the same percentage.
    [Show full text]
  • TABLE of CONTENTS Table of Contents 2 Table of Figures 4 Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 6 1
    1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 2 Table of Figures 4 Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 6 1. YOUTH STATEMENT 7 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 3. METHODOLOGY 13 4. TERMINOLOGY 16 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR KEY STAKEHOLDER 19 6. GENERAL BOTTLENECKS & ACCELERATORS 22 General bottlenecks 22 Under-resourced groups 24 Key Accelerators 26 7. THEMATIC SECTION: Climate mitigation 29 Introduction 29 Stocktake of outstanding youth projects 29 Distinct bottlenecks 33 Prioritized Accelerators 35 8. THEMATIC SECTION: Climate Adaptation 37 Introduction 37 Stocktake of outstanding youth projects 37 Distinct bottlenecks 39 Prioritized Accelerators 41 9. THEMATIC SECTION: Nature-based Solutions 42 Introduction 42 Stocktake of outstanding youth projects 42 Distinct bottlenecks 44 Prioritized solution 47 10. THEMATIC SECTION: Climate Policy 49 Introduction 49 Policy awareness among Vietnamese youths 49 3 Distinct bottlenecks 53 Prioritized Accelerators 56 11. ROADMAP FOR YOUTH CLIMATE ACTION 60 REFERENCES 61 4 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. % of youths surveyed who rated this area as a major bottleneck (8 or higher) 21 Figure 2. Two out of three activities with most youth participation fall under the climate 29 mitigation category. Figure 3. Awareness about the 17 SDGs among Vietnamese youths 49 Figure 4. Awareness about the Paris Agreement among Vietnamese youths 49 Figure 5. Awareness about the NDCs among Vietnamese youths 50 Figure 6. Awareness about the National Climate Change Strategy among Vietnamese youths 51 Figure 7. Awareness about the Law on Environmental Protection 51 Figure 8. Barriers to access to climate policy for Vietnamese youths 52 Figure 9. Barriers youths face in climate policy advocacy 54 5 Foreword To be inserted 6 Acknowledgements This paper was prepared by Hoang Ngoc Xuan Mai, youth consultant - lead reporter for UNDP Viet Nam.
    [Show full text]
  • New World Hotel Saigon the First and Largest International 4-Star Business Hotel in Vietnam After 1993
    New World Hotel Saigon The First and Largest International 4-Star Business Hotel in Vietnam after 1993 Nguyen Cao Tri Civil Engineer Saigon Construction and Real Estate Trading Company Saigon Real Estate Corporation Ho Chi Minh City; Vietnam is various: from 10°C to 18°C in the winter and 28°C to Aim of the Paper 35°C in the summer. Moreover, the country’s climate is This paper provides a review of the construction of the also mentioned by the very high humidity. first and largest project, New World Hotel, in Vietnam Vietnam currently has a population of 74 million since 1991. There were a lot new techniques as well as people. The annual population growth rate is about 2.9%. system for management of the construction industry Vietnamese people are mainly Kinh people, other ethnic applied to this project. Eventhough the project has been minorities are included of Thai, Muong, Man, H’Mong, successfully completed on time and in economy, if we Ede, which mostly living on high plateau. Religions look through the period for the construction of this, we include Buddhist, Taoist, Roman Catholic, indigenous will find out some mistakes about the construction beliefs, Islamic and Protestant. Languages spoken are management and financial control. The aim of this paper Vietnamese (official), French, Chinese, English and is to analyse the mistakes and try to give out a conclusion Khmer. as a lesson for all of us for the future project, especially The country’s official name is Socialist Republic of projects in Vietnam. For this project, I have been involved Vietnam and in short,Vietnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Dak Nong (Vietnam) and Kampong Thom (Cambodia)
    RESIREA – Work Package 3 Assessment of the renewable energy potential in Oudomxay (Lao PDR), Dak Nong (Vietnam) and Kampong Thom (Cambodia) Evaluation of the solar photovoltaic potential in the 3 provinces RESIREA – Evaluation of the solar photovoltaic potential INTRODUCTION RESIREA programme aims at defining Decentralized Rural Electrification projects for improving access to electricity in rural areas in three provinces in Southeast Asia: Oudomxay in Lao PDR, Kampong Thom in Cambodia and Dak Nong in Vietnam. The objective of RESIREA is to propose sustainable DRE projects, using local renewable energies potentials: hydraulic, biomass and solar photovoltaic. In the targeted zones, RESIREA will compare for each village the different technical options, using the various renewable energy potentials, to select the most adapted and cost efficient option. As a result, the Work Package 3 of RESIREA work programme consists in evaluating the renewable energy potential in the three provinces. In particular, the results of the investigations considering solar photovoltaic potential are presented in the present report. Solar irradiation in Southeast Asia is abundant. In remote and isolated areas, grid extension is not economically viable and diesel power generation is costly because of overland transportation of oil through mountainous roads and sometimes impossible, in particular, during rainy seasons. In these cases, stand alone systems, based on renewable energies are required. In particular, the solar photovoltaic options considered in RESIREA programme can be Solar Home Systems of photovoltaic or centralized photovoltaic system supplying a mini grid. In both cases, the knowledge of the solar potential is important. One can assess the solar photovoltaic potential by evaluating locally the following indicators: - Climate and rain - Longitude: The higher the value of the longitude the lower the solar radiation in this position.
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Sheet 2: Vietnam – the Place and the People
    Fact sheet 2: Vietnam – the place and the people Vietnam is the easternmost country on the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. Vietnam can be described as an ‘S’-shaped country, bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. In 2007 it had a population of over 87 million, which made it the 13th most populous country in the world. A long, narrow coastal plain links the Red River delta in the north and Mekong River delta in the south. The country is 1650 kilometres from north to south (similar to the length of New Zealand) although Vietnam’s total land area is larger than New Zealand’s. The Annamite Mountains (ãy Trường Sơn) stretch the length of Vietnam and cover about two-thirds of the country. The highest peak is Fan-si-Pan (3143 metres) in the extreme north. Climate The climate of Vietnam can be divided into three distinct zones: the southern lowlands have a tropical climate, the central highlands are wet with a temperate climate, and the mountainous north is cooler. Typhoons can affect the north and central areas between July and November. People Most of Vietnam’s people live in the Red River and Mekong River deltas. Only about 22% of the population lives in urban areas. Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) is the largest settlement with a population of 4 million, followed by Hanoi, the capital city, with 3 million, and Haiphong with 1.5 million. Around 80% of the population are ethnic Vietnamese.
    [Show full text]
  • Weather Diary Cam Ranh Bay Airbase, Republic of Vietnam Nov
    Weather Diary Cam Ranh Bay Airbase, Republic of Vietnam Nov. 28, 1968 to Sept. 26, 1969. By Joel Rosenbaum Former USAF weather officer 111 Malibu Drive Eatontown, New Jersey 07724 Introduction As a USAF weather officer stationed at Cam Ranh Bay Airbase, South Vietnam from October 1968 to October 1969, I kept a daily weather diary briefly describing each day's weather, including unusual weather activity and the probable cause. I thought I might use the data in the diary for an advanced degree in meteorology. Instead the diary was tucked away in a drawer for many years. Since there is some interest in this information I am sharing this material with the USAF History Office, Texas A&M University Dept of Meteorology and the Vietnam archives of Texas Tech. University. I have included maps, a climatic summary, and a brief discussion of the climate of Vietnam. I have also included photos to illustrate the diary. As the Russians vacate Cam Ranh Bay there is renewed American interest in using the base for Naval and Air units. So the information in this dairy may be useful in the near future. The Vietnamese were once dominated by the Chinese and even fought a short but brutal border war with them in 1979. They usually seek the friendship of a larger power to keep the Chinese out of Vietnam. It would therefore be possible for the Vietnamese allow the American military some type of usage of Cam Ranh Bay in the future. Educational Background I received a BS in agriculture from Rutgers College of Agriculture and Environmental Science (now Cook College) in 1966.
    [Show full text]
  • Onset of the Summer Monsoon Over the Southern Vietnam and Its Predictability Thanh H Pham, Bernard Fontaine, Nathalie Philippon
    Onset of the Summer Monsoon over the Southern Vietnam and its Predictability Thanh H Pham, Bernard Fontaine, Nathalie Philippon To cite this version: Thanh H Pham, Bernard Fontaine, Nathalie Philippon. Onset of the Summer Monsoon over the Southern Vietnam and its Predictability. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Springer Verlag, 2010, 99 (1-2), pp.105-113. 10.1007/s00704-009-0115-z. hal-00411966 HAL Id: hal-00411966 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00411966 Submitted on 12 Jan 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Onset of the Summer Monsoon over the Southern Vietnam and its Predictability Xuan Thanh Pham*§ *Institute of Geophysics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Bernard Fontaine° and Nathalie Philippon° °Centre de Recherches de Climatologie, UMR 5210, CNRS, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France § author to whom correspondence must be addressed: [email protected] 1 Abstract The summer monsoon onset over southern Vietnam is determined through a new criterion based on both in situ daily rainfall at 6 selected stations provided by the Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Vietnam, and the zonal component of the wind at 1000hPa from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy reanalysis 2 (NCEP/DOE-II).
    [Show full text]
  • An American Tragedy" : Strategies of Representing Victimhood in American Narratives of the War in Vietnam
    Title: "An American Tragedy" : Strategies of Representing Victimhood in American Narratives of the War in Vietnam Author: Aleksandra Musiał Citation style: Musiał, Aleksandra. (2018). "An American Tragedy" : Strategies of Representing Victimhood in American Narratives of the War in Vietnam. Praca doktorska. Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach Wydział Filologiczny Aleksandra Musiał “An American Tragedy” Strategies of Representing Victimhood in American Narratives of the War in Vietnam Rozprawa doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem: p r o m o t o r : dr hab. Leszek Drong p r o m o t o r p o m o c n ic z y : dr Marcin Sarnek Katowice 2018 Table of Contents Introduction: Secret Histories..................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1: Vietnam Syndromes: Symptoms & Contexts 1.1. The American cultural narrative of Vietnam...............................................................................................17 1.2. Repudiating the 1960s................................................................................................................................... 23 1.3. Squandering Vietnam’s subversive potential.............................................................................................. 34 Chapter 2: “War Is as Natural as the Rains”: Myth and Representations of the Vietnamese landscape 2.1. History..............................................................................................................................................................65
    [Show full text]