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tfliUJK VNK tttiXLLiinXi i'JNU SlArXiJNUXi. Wv%;;; f#'"*B-*i iRn'oF"^' A' (^ 'm^ ^1 p [ CD r 01! o L Hi ZJFE AN lEAV SO? &- •••'?: I rill ,i*^-^" LOXDOX: ^ ENKY LE.4, 22, WAllWICK LA2NJ:.' Sold by all Booksellers, sud at the Eailway Stations. ««»*•- ^'1 EMORY UNIVERSITY LIBRARY- Purchased from the funds of The Lewis H. Beck Foundation Tom Racquet and his Tla-ee Maidea Amits. Wall a few words about '"the Whittlebuiys." By Charles ^ % f W Manby. With Steel Engravings by Cruikshank ^ Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt back, (2'64 pp,),.priee 5s. ^ ^ Bobert Macaire iti Ei^and. (Fifth Edition, revised by the Author.) By ©. W. M. ip Reynolds. With 18 Steel Engravings, by Phiz. Demy 8vo, eloth, gilt back, (4'00 pp), price 53. ^ Samuel Sbwerl^; or, Diaing^ at Eavensdale Riory. By the author of " Claudius Bolio,"' With 2D Steel En­ gravings, by Phiz. Dymy 8vo, ^It back, (320 pp.), price 6s. Clement Lorimer; or. The Book with the Iron Clasps. A Romance, by Angus B. Reach. With Illustrations on Steel by George Cruikshank. Demy 8vo, cloth,,gilt back, (286 pp.), pritje Ss. ^ i2 The Adventures of Robinson CriBoe. By Daniel De Foe. Embellished with three hundred Engravings, rfter designs by J. J. Grandville. The most extensively illustrated and complete edition of this work yet published. Demy 8vo, gilt baek (508 pp.), price 78. Gulliver's Travels. By Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's. Beautifully Illustrated with numerous Engravings, from designs by y^ ©raTidville. With a Biographical Sketch. In this edition of the celebrated Travels, care has been taken to follow ^ minutely the text of the original. Demy 8TO, cloth, gilt Ks hack, (338 pp.), price 5s. ^, The Vioar of Wakefield. By Oliver Goldsmith, M.B. With a Portrait and Life of m the Author, by G. M. Bussey. With two hundred Engra­ vings. Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt back (252 pp.), price 5s. y, Coomhe Abbey: An Historical Tale of the Reign of James the First. By Selina Hunbury. With numerous Illustrations on i •wood; by Sargeant, Henning, Newman, &c. Demy 8vo, cloth, gilt back (591 pp.), price 8s. The ITniversal Picture GfeHery. Being Engravings from the beat Masters, both ancient and modern, by Linton, Gilks, Measom, &o.; with letter, press Illustrations. Dumy 4to, handsomely bound in crimson clotb, gilt edges, 7s. 6d. ^:^^' ^ifevpc^>^c)^!i#qAp<;<v#97x^9./^9;0£9&eSK:ie3i^9^ u RECOLLECTIONS A FOREST LIFE; Xiff ml Ciimtls GEORGE COPWAY OK, KAH-GE-GA-KAH-BOWH, CHIKF OF THE OJIBWAT NATION'. LONDON: HENRY LEA, 22, WARWICK LANE. AND ALL BOOKSELLF.ltS ANT) KAILWAY STATION.?. TO CHEISTIANS or AIL DENOMIITATIONS, THIS BBIEF IS MOST EESPEOTFITLIT AND AEFECTIONATELX INSCBIBED, BT THE AUTHOE. CONTENTS. Page. Dedication iii Preface ix A Word to the Reader xi CHAPTER I. Early life and pursuits—Indian gods—The Benevolent Spirit—The Ojibway nation—My great-grandfather —Subjugation of the Hurons—Intercourse with the early settlers—Wigwams—Indian hunting grounds.. 1 CHAPTER II. Indian sufferings — Restitution — Parental monitions— Tracking the deer—Bear shooting—Reward of the young hunter 16 CHAPTER III. The Indian gods—Modes of worship—Grand Medicine Lodge—Medicine men and women—Sayings of the medicine men—Indian perils—War Song of the Ojibway nation 27 CHAPTER IV. Belief in omens—Dreams—Effects of the " Devil's Spit­ tle"—A " whiskey spree"—Anecdote of a fire-water drinker 88 i VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. Page. Indian traditions—Do the Indians belong to the "lost tribes of Israel.'"—Invincibility of the Ojibways— Their migrations — Councils of peace — Ojibway notions of a future state 44 CHAPTER VI. Description of Rice Lake—Sale of lands to the British Government—Tribute to the memory of the Rev. James Evans 52 CHAPTER VII. First visit of the Missionaries to the Ojibway nation— Reception of the '' black coats''—The whiskey thrown into the lake—Visit of the Ojibways to the first camp meeting—Conversion of my father and mother— Happy death of my mother 56 CHAPTER VIII. Visit to a camp meeting with my father—My efforts to pray—yij conversion—Beauties of nature—Selected for the work of a missionary—Reluctance to enter upon it—Decision and departure 68 CHAPTER IX. Journey to the Ke-wa-we -non mission—Opposition expe­ rienced—Conversion of John Southwind and «the Spear Maker—The old medicine man—Old Anna— Journey to Sault St. Marie—" The King of Birds" 74 CHAPTER X. Perilous voyage to La Pointe—The "Black Fast"— Home, dear home !—Departure for the Ottawa Lake and hardships on the road—The battle-grounds of the Ojibways and the Sioux—Labours of the Rev. Mr. Hall 84 CONTENTS. Yll CHAPTER XI. Page. Narrow escape of Rev. John Clark from being drowned— Residence at Ottawa Lake — Dangerous journey through the land of the Sioux—Sent to school at Jacksonville, Illinois county, for two years—Letter from a schoolmate—Return to my friends—Kindness of a Quaker—Visit to New York and Boston—Retro­ spective glance at the condition of the red men .... 93 CHAPTER XII. Arrival at Rice Lake—Emotions on beholding my native village — Celebration of Christmas and the New Year—Conversion of "Big Jacob"—General Council —My marriage—Remarkable dream—Departure for Buffalo—Journey to Prairie du Chien—Mishaps and privations on the road 109 CHAPTER XIII. Kindness of the Indians—Chief Hole-in-the-Sky—Threat­ ened destruction of the Ojibways—Efforts to save them—Missionary labours and sufferings—Hostile feelings of the Sioux and Ojibways, and in what way they might be removed 133 CHAPTER XIV. Presbyterian missionaries—Evils of the American appro­ priations—Travels to Canada—Labours at the Sau- geeng Mission—Progress of the Indians 145 CHAPTER XV. Seneral Council—Speeches—Order—Documents, &c.— Manual Labour School—Plan, or remedy for the preservation of the different tribes 153 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVI. Page. Geographical sketch of the Ojibway nation—Missions— Presbyterians—Methodists—Baptists—Report from the Commissioners to the Provincial Parliament re­ specting the following tribes :— 1. Chippewas on the River Thames 169 2. Chippewas at Amherstburg 169 3. Chippewas of St. Clair 170 4. Chippewas at Walpole Island 171 5. Chippewas of the River Credit 171 6. Chippewas of Alnwick 172 7. Chippewas at Rice Lake 173 8. Chippewas at Mud Lake 173 9. Chippewas at Balsam Lake 174 10. Chippewas of Rama 174 11. Chippewas of Beausoleil Island, Matchadisk Bay, Lake Huron 175 12. Chippewas of Snake Island, Lake Simcoe 176- 13. Chippewas of Saugeeng, Lake Huron 176 14. Chippewas of Big Bay, in Owen's Sound, Lake Huron 176 15. Chippewas and others in the Township of Bedford 177 Appeal to Christians—The wrongs of tha Indians 178 CHAPTER XVII. Address before the Legislature of Pennsylvania in favour of the plan for giving the Indians a permanent home between the Nebraska and Minesotta territories— Resolution of the North Carolina Legislature in favour of the plan 184 CHAPTER XVIII. Letters of the Author and Notices of the Public Press .. 211 PREFACE. IN presenting my life to the British public, at the earnest solicitation of friends, I do so with the greatest diffiaeuce. I am an Indian, and am well aware of the difficulties I have to en­ counter, to wiu the favourable notice of the white man. Tet one great object prompts me to per­ severe, and that is, that I may, in connection with the memoirs of my life, present the present state and prospects of my poor countrymen—feeling that the friends of humanity may stdl labour and direct their benevolence to those who were once the lords of the land on which the white man Kves—and assist in rescuing them from an untimely grave. If ever I see the day when my people shall become happy and prosperous, I shall then feel great and lasting pleasure, which will more than X PEEFACE. repay me for the pain, both of body and mind, which I have endured for the last twelve years. My motto is stUl—^^ My poor people'^ My book goes to the firesides of the thousand happy homes of the white man! As much as I may desire to see them in person, my short stay in this country will not allow me this pleasure. Tell your own aioYj of my gratitude to the white man,—my joy and pleasures. Wliispcr in the ears of your children to pray for the red man. Yes ! go, where I never shall be, and yon will stin be speaking, long, long after my tears will have ceased to flow, and I be numbered with the past. Visit the gaudy palaces of the great, and ^^•hisper in their ears A^liat rivers arc in store ibr doing good. Visit the humble homos of the poor, and let the cares, hopes, and jo_\s of the one you speak of comfort and console the care-worn pilgrims of earth; for I love them because tliey are my brethren in affliction! Septemler, 1850. A WORD TO THE READER. IT woidd be presumptuous in one, who has but recently been brought out of a ^ild and savage state, and who has since received but three years' schooling, to undertake, without any assistance, to publish to the world a work of any kind. It is but a few years since I began to speak the English language. An unexpected opportunity occurred of submitting my manuscript to a friend, who has kindly corrected all serious grammatical errors, leaving the unimportant ones wholly untouched, that my own style may be exhibited as truly as possible. The language (except in a few short sentences), tlie plan, and the arrangement, are all my own ; and I am wholly responsible for all the statements, and the remaining defects.

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