PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF JASON TODD’S PERSONALITIES IN BATMAN: UNDER THE RED HOOD AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters By MARIA SEKARTAJI Student Number: 154214001 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DEFENSE MECHANISM OF JASON TODD’S PERSONALITY IN BATMAN: UNDER THE RED HOOD AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra In English Letters By MARIA SEKARTAJI Student Number: 154214001 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI I AM NOT AFRAID TO KEEP ON LIVING I AM NOT AFRAID TO WALK THIS WORLD ALONE My Chemical Romance vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI For my utterances of truth. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to state my gratitude towards my dad and sister who have been giving me a never-ending mental and financial support, without them this thesis would not be as meaningful as it is. I want to thank all my friends for the affection and massive support through playlists in Spotify and companionship (you know who you are). I also want to thank the baristas in Jogja that I cannot mention each of their names, who made many cups of amazing coffee as my booster to work on this thesis and also Unveiled Jogja for existing. I would like to thank Dr. A.B. Sri Mulyani as my thesis advisor for the guidance, knowledge, support and patience so that I could finally finish my thesis. I would also thank Dr. Th. Enny Aggraini as my co-advisor, thank you for the helpful advice. Maria Sekartaji ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………………....... ii APPROVAL PAGE …………………………………………………………… iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ………………………………………………………... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ……………………………………………v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH...vi MOTTO PAGE…………………………………………………………………vii DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………………………………viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………………….x LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………..xi ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………….....xii ABSTRAK ……………………………………………………………………...xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………….. .1 A. Background of the Study ………………………………………………....1 B. Problem Formulation ……………………………………………………..3 C. Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………...3 D. Definitions of Terms …………………………………………………….. 3 CHAPTER II: REVIEW ON LITERATURE ………………………………... 4 A. Review of Related Studies ………………………………………………. 4 B. Review of Related Theories ……………………………………………....7 1. Theory of Characterization …………………………………………….7 2. Theory of Personality …………………………………………………..8 3. Film-making Technique ………………………………………………10 4. Theory of Defense Mechanism ……………………………………….12 C. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………..14 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY……………………………………….….16 A. Object of the Study ………………………………………………….….16 B. Approach of the Study ……………………………………………….…17 C. Method of the Study …………………………………………………....18 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS…………………………………………………....20 A. Jason’s Personalities Portrayed in Batman: Under The Red Hood….....20 B. Jason’s Defense Mechanisms in Batman: Under The Red Hood……….37 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ………………………………………………..44 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………....47 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF FIGURES No. Figure Page –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1. Fig 1. First revelation of Red Hood 22 2. Fig 2. Red Hood threatens the drug cartel bosses 22 3. Fig 3. Red Hood burns one of Black Mask’s henchmen 25 4. Fig 4. Jason’s sadistic act after dipped into Lazarus Pit 25 5. Fig 5. Helicopter falls from the roof 29 6. Fig 6. Jason’s revelation to Batman 29 7. Fig 7. Red Hood’s skill during a chase 34 8. Fig 8. Red Hood exposing plan 34 9. Fig 9. Jason’s helplessness before he died 38 10. Fig 10. The heads of the drug cartel’s lieutenants 38 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT SEKARTAJI, MARIA. (2019). DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF JASON TODD’S PERSONALITIES IN BATMAN: UNDER THE RED HOOD. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Batman: Under The Red Hood has alluring characters, plot, and many action sequences that are entertaining which satisfies the audience. It is written by Judd Winick and directed by Brandon Vietti. This animated film focuses on the main character named Jason Todd an anti-hero that shows up in Gotham and gaining control of the city with violence methods. This research is mainly focused on analyzing Jason Todd’s personalities and also discovering his defense mechanisms through it. This research has two objectives. The first step is analyzing Jason Todd’s character through his characterization in the film. The second objective is to discover the defense mechanisms in Jason Todd’s personalities. To analyze the problem formulations, this research uses psychoanalytic approach and also some steps have been conducted. First, a close reading to the primary source a film entitled Batman Under The Red Hood. Followed by analyzing the personalities of Jason Todd, finding the defense mechanism in Jason’s personalities, then applying Jason’s personalities with Freud’s defense mechanism. The descriptions that point out of how Jason Todd is an authoritarian, sadistic, egocentric and smart character are able to be found through the conversation that some characters have in the film. It can also be seen through the film’s camera angle and point of view. The displacement and reaction-formation that Jason has in the film can also be seen with the defense mechanism theory, that can be seen through his actions toward Black Mask’s henchmen. Psychoanalytic analysis on literary works can broaden the readers’ perspective about human’s psychology and readers will find it interesting for the application in literary works such as film. xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK SEKARTAJI, MARIA. (2019). DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF JASON TODD’S PERSONALITIES IN BATMAN: UNDER THE RED HOOD. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Batman: Under The Red Hood mempunyai banyak karakter, plot yang menarik, dan juga adegan aksi yang menghibur yang memuaskan penonton. Film animasi ini ditulis oleh Judd Winick dan disutradarai oleh Brandon Vietti. Fokus pada film animasi ini adalah karakter utama yang bernama Jason Todd, seorang anti-hero yang muncul di kota Gotham dan menguasai kota dengan metode yang keji. Penelitian ini berfokus pada menganalisa kepribadian Jason Todd dan kemudian menggali mekanisme pertahanannya melalui kepribadian tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kepribadian Jason Todd dalam film dan menemukan mekanisme pertahanan yang ada pada Jason Todd melalui kepribadian Jason Todd. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalisis dan beberapa langkah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, penulis telah membaca dengan teliti sumber utama dalam penelitian ini, yaitu film Batman: Under The Red Hood. Langkah selanjutnya adalah menganalisa kepribadian Jason Todd, kemudian menemukan mekanisme pertahanan dalam kepribadian Jason dan kemudian menerapkan kepribadian Jason dengan teori mekanisme pertahanan Freud. Gambaran-gambaran yang menunjukan bahwa Jason Todd adalah seorang karakter yang otoritarian, sadis, egosentris dan pintar bisa dilihat pada percakapan antar tokoh di film ini. Bisa juga dilihat melalui angle dan sudut pandang kamera. Pengelakan dan pembentukan reaksi dalam diri Jason juga dapat dilihat melalui teori mekanisme pertahanan yang dapat dilihat dari tindakan Jason terhadap anak buah Black Mask. Pendekatan psikoanalisis pada literatur akan memperluas pandangan pembaca mengenai psikologis manusia dan akan menarik untuk pembaca karena pendekatan tersebut bisa diaplikasikan pada karya literatur seperti film. xiii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Film is one of the most powerful forms of literature that can be enjoyed by a lot of people. Film expresses humans’ ideas that communicate through imagery, metaphor and symbol. It communicates through metaphor and symbol. Other than that, it also communicates visually which, is through action, gesture and verbally through dialogue (Boggs & Petrie, 2013, p. 3). Film also uses characters, conflicts and other elements to present a dramatic storyline that is equal to written literary works. A character is the most influential element in a film because its development helps us to understand deeper about the plot. It is also the one that makes us drawn into a film, live action or animation, a character is the one that mostly represents human beings’ daily life and its personalities that are similar in real life. A character is also the one who draws connection with the audience, so a character is a dynamic element that allures the audience to be captivated by the film. Personality in a character is something crucial, it makes the audience feel a lot more relatable to the character in daily life. It makes a character lively and adds interesting development to a storyline in a film. Personalities