DOCSLIB.ORG

Daily Patterns of Secretion of Neurohypophysial Hormones in Man: Effect of Age Mary L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Daily Patterns of Secretion of Neurohypophysial Hormones in Man: Effect of Age Mary L Experimental Physiology (1998), 83, 409-418 Printed in Great Britain DAILY PATTERNS OF SECRETION OF NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES IN MAN: EFFECT OF AGE MARY L. FORSLING*, H. MONTGOMERYt, D. HALPINtt, R. J. WINDLE AND D. F. TREACHERt Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and t Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas's Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE] 7EH, UK (MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 8 DECEMBER 1997, ACCEPTED 14 JANUARY 1998) SUMMARY The neurohypophysial hormone vasopressin contributes to control of urine output and, while urine flow shows a clear daily rhythm, there has been debate as to whether this is true of neuro- hypophysial hormones. A study was performed on fifteen adult males, with a mean age of 25 years, over a 24 h period, nine blood samples being taken at regular intervals for the determination of neurohypophysial hormones and indices of fluid balance. Samples were taken via an indwelling cannula so that sleep was undisturbed. A daily variation in the plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin was demonstrated with concentrations reaching a nadir in the late afternoon. Concentrations of both hormones peaked at 02.00 h. Vasopressin concentrations were inversely correlated with packed cell volume, indicating that the altered hormone release was affecting fluid retention. Consistent with this was the observation that the relationship of plasma osmolality to vasopressin depended on the time of day. To determine the effect of ageing, a similar study was performed on nine healthy elderly subjects with a mean age of 70 years. The nocturnal peak of vasopressin was markedly attenuated, while oxytocin release was similar to that in the younger group. These observations confirm the existence of a daily rhythm in the plasma concentrations of neurohypophysial hormones and indicate that the amplitude of the vasopressin change decreases with age. INTRODUCTION Changes in circulating vasopressin concentrations have obvious implications for fluid balance, but recent evidence suggests that oxytocin may also play a role in sodium balance in some species (Verbalis, Mangione & Stricker, 1991; Windle & Forsling, 1991). To understand pathological changes in fluid balance, as for example in nocturia, it is necessary to establish normal daily variations in circulating concentrations of vasopressin and possibly oxytocin and their relationship to changes in indices of fluid balance. Many of the circadian changes are predictive in nature serving to switch on a function of importance for anticipated demands, so that if vasopressin does contribute to the nocturnal fall in urine flow in man, as suggested by the experiments of Papper & Rosenbaum (1952), one would expect to see an increase in plasma vasopressin concentrations, unrelated to plasma osmolality, in the early part of the night. t Present address: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 3DN, UK. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 410 M. L. FORSLING AND OTHERS Daily rhythms have been shown in the levels of neurohypophysial hormones in the hypo- thalamus (Noto, Hashomoto, Doi, Nakajima & Kato, 1983), pituitary (Dyball, Forsling, Patterson & Peysner, 1988) and plasma of the rat (Mohring, Kohrs, Mohring, Petri, Homsy & Haack, 1978; Greeley, Morris, Eldridge & Kizer, 1982). The plasma concentrations of the hormones increase during the hours of daylight, falling again during the hours of darkness. A daily rhythm in the secretion of vasopressin has not been demonstrated in all species studied, and in the rat its demonstration depends on a number of factors, including the timing of the samples (Wells, Windle, Peysner & Forsling, 1993); there may also be a genetic component. A daily rhythm of vasopressin secretion with a nocturnal rise has been observed in humans by some authors (George et al. 1975; Linkola, Ylikahri, Fyhrquist & Wallenius, 1978) and has provided the rationale for investigation and treatment of enuresis (Rittig, Knudsen, Norgaard, Pedersen & Djurhus, 1989). Others have questioned whether neurohypophysial hormone secretion in man shows a daily rhythm (Katz, Smith, Lock & Loeffel, 1979; Richards et al. 1987; Forsling, 1993), while Drumer et al. (1987) noted a daily rhythm in plasma vaso- pressin, but they studied recumbent subjects and posture could affect the results, altering patterns seen in normally active subjects. There is a similar debate concerning plasma oxytocin concentrations in humans. Landgraf, Hacker & Buhl (1982) described a fall in plasma concentrations during the day, although Amico Tenicel, Johnstone & Robinson, 1983) were unable to confirm these observations. Data obtained from clinical studies and from studies in the rat clearly show that the ageing process is accompanied by alterations in the ability to regulate water excretion and there is also a change in the circadian pattern of urine production. The increased susceptibility of the aged animal or human to significant derangement of water balance could result from a number of factors including altered thirst sensation (Phillips, Johnston & Gray, 1993), altered synthesis and release of vasopressin and altered renal concentrating ability (Pavo et al. 1995). There is no loss of vasopressin-producing cells in the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei in man (Van der Woude et al. 1995) and Helderman, Vestal, Rowe, Tobin, Andres & Robertson (1978) found no change in plasma vasopressin concentrations with ageing, although Frolkis, Golovchenkop, Medved & Frolkis (1982) report a progressive increase. The response to hypertonic saline (Raskind et al. 1995) or water loading appears to be unaffected by age (Crowe, Forsling, Rolls, Phillips, Ledingham & Smith, 1987), while the response to ortho- stasis is attenuated (Rowe, Minaker, Sparrow & Robertson, 1982). Ageing affects the circadian pattern of many functions, but no observations have been performed on this aspect of the neurohypophysial system. In order to determine whether neurohypophysial hormones show a daily rhythm under normal conditions, a study has now been performed on the daily pattern of neurohypophysial hormone release in a young group of men carrying out their normal daily activities, the changes being related to indices of fluid balance. The pattern of neurohypophysial hormone secretion was compared with that in a fully active, healthy group of elderly men. METHODS Subjects Observations were performed on fifteen healthy male subjects in the age range 22-40 years (mean 25 years) and nine healthy male subjects in the age range 60-75 (mean 70 years). All subjects were normotensive with normal renal function, with no significant past or current medical history and on no regular medication. Each was studied over a single 24 h period. The subjects spent the 36 h prior to the DAILY RHYTHMS OF NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONES 411 study following their normal daily routine at the St Thomas' Hospital and during both this period and during the study the subjects abstained from alcohol, tobacco and vigorous exercise. The meal times were standardized, and the subjects kept a diary of their activities and fluid and food intakes and were weighed. At 16.30 h a forearm vein was cannulated and after about 30 min of recumbent rest 12 ml of blood were withdrawn through the cannula. Over the following 24 h, eight further blood samples were taken (seven in the elderly subjects), each after 30 min recumbency, for the determination of packed cell volume, plasma osmolality, sodium, potassium, vasopressin and oxytocin. All subjects went to bed at 23.30 h when the lights were switched off and rose at 08.00 h the following day when lighting was restored. The investigation was approved by the local Ethical Committee and all subjects gave their written informed consent. Analyses Plasma osmolality was determined by the method of freezing point depression (Digmatic osmometer model 3D; Advanced Instruments Inc., Needham Heights, MA, USA). Sodium concentration was measured using a flame photometer (410C; Corning, Halstead, Essex, UK). Packed cell volume was determined in duplicate using heparinized microhaematocrit tubes (Hawksley & Sons, Lancing, Sussex, UK). Plasma vasopressin concentration was determined by a radioimmunoassay after prior extraction (Forsling, 1985) with SepPak C18 cartridges (Water Associates Inc, Millford, MA, USA) using the First International Standard for vasopressin (77/50 1). The lower limit of detection was 0. 12 + 0-02 pmol F'. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 7-7 % and the interassay coefficient of variation was 11.9 % for 2-5 pmol. Oxytocin was assayed against the Fourth International Standard (76/575) as described by Windle & Forsling (1993), with an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 4.1 % and an interassay coefficient of variation of 9-0 % for 2.0 pmol 1'. Statistical analysis Results are presented as the mean + S.E.M. and values were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Areas under the curve were calculated using the trapezium rule as described by Altman (1991) and values in the young and elderly compared using Student's unpaired t test. Regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between parameters. A value of P < 0 05 was taken as significant. RESULTS Fluid balance All subjects showed a similar pattern of fluid intake. In the younger group, osmolality exhibited a significant rise of 10 mosmol kg-' during the afternoon (P < 0.01) (Fig. 1). Plasma sodium concentrations peaked at the same time, although the increase was not statistically significant. Packed cell volume showed a progressive rise (P < 0-04) from 02.00 h reaching a peak at 13.00 h. The subjects were in overall fluid balance during the study, as judged by the body weight at the beginning and end of the study. The values for packed cell volume and plasma sodium in the elderly group were not significantly different from those in the younger group. In the elderly group, packed cell volume showed the same trend over the 24 h period as that in the younger group, with values increasing from 39. 1 + 2-2 % at 02.00 h to 43-3 ± 2-0 % at 12.00 h, but the change was not statistically significant; plasma sodium concentrations also showed no significant change.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Oxytocin/Vasopressin Receptor Family Has at Least Five Members in the Gnathostome Lineage, Including Two Distinct V2 Subtypes
    The oxytocin/vasopressin receptor family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, including two distinct V2 subtypes General and Comparative Endocrinology 175(1): 135-143 doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.10.011 Accepted October 20, 2011 E-pub October 28, 2012 Published January 1, 2012 Figshare doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.811860. Shared October 1, 2013 Daniel Ocampo Daza*, Michalina Lewicka¹, Dan Larhammar Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Box 593, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] ¹ Current address: Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Cite as D. Ocampo Daza, M. Lewicka and D. Larhammar. The oxytocin/vasopressin family has at least five members in the gnathostome lineage, including two distinct V2 subtypes. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 175 (1) (2012) 135-143. This document corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. You are free to download, print and distribute it for any purposes under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), provided the original work is cited as specified. Errata: The introduction incorrectly states that “the V2 receptor inhibits adenylyl cyclase, thereby reducing the production of cAMP” on page 3. In fact the V2-type vasopressin receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase and increase the cytosolic cyclic AMP release, see for instance Schöneberg et al., Molecular aspects of vasopressin receptor function, Advances in experimental medicine and biology 449 (1998) 347–58. This mistake was reported in the proofreading phase of pre-publication, but the correction was not carried to the final version of the article.
    [Show full text]
  • How the Energy Sensor, AMPK, Impact the Testicular Function Pascal Froment, Mélanie Faure, Edith Guibert, Jean-Pierre Brillard
    How the energy sensor, AMPK, impact the testicular function Pascal Froment, Mélanie Faure, Edith Guibert, Jean-Pierre Brillard To cite this version: Pascal Froment, Mélanie Faure, Edith Guibert, Jean-Pierre Brillard. How the energy sensor, AMPK, impact the testicular function. 27. Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists, Aug 2014, Rennes, France. 2014. hal-02742016 HAL Id: hal-02742016 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02742016 Submitted on 3 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright 27th Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists CECE 2014 25-29 August 2014 Rennes, France 3 27th Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists Organized with the generous support and help of our sponsors Université de Rennes 1 European Society for Comparative Endocrinology (Grants) European Union INTEREG TC2N Rennes Métropole European Society of Endocrinology (Grants) Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Société de Neuroendocrinologie (Grants) Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques !"#$%$&$'()'*)+,)*+,)'#&*'-.'#."$/
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Neuropeptide Signalling Systems (Doi:10.1242/Jeb.151092) Maurice R
    © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb193342. doi:10.1242/jeb.193342 CORRECTION Correction: Evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems (doi:10.1242/jeb.151092) Maurice R. Elphick, Olivier Mirabeau and Dan Larhammar There was an error published in J. Exp. Biol. (2018) 221, jeb151092 (doi:10.1242/jeb.151092). In Fig. 2, panels B and C are identical. The correct figure is below. The authors apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused. Journal of Experimental Biology 1 © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb151092. doi:10.1242/jeb.151092 REVIEW Evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems Maurice R. Elphick1,*,‡, Olivier Mirabeau2,* and Dan Larhammar3,* ABSTRACT molecular to the behavioural level (Burbach, 2011; Schoofs et al., Neuropeptides are a diverse class of neuronal signalling molecules 2017; Taghert and Nitabach, 2012; van den Pol, 2012). that regulate physiological processes and behaviour in animals. Among the first neuropeptides to be chemically identified in However, determining the relationships and evolutionary origins of mammals were the hypothalamic neuropeptides vasopressin and the heterogeneous assemblage of neuropeptides identified in a range oxytocin, which act systemically as hormones (e.g. regulating of phyla has presented a huge challenge for comparative physiologists. diuresis and lactation) and act within the brain to influence social Here, we review revolutionary insights into the evolution of behaviour (Donaldson and Young, 2008; Young et al., 2011). neuropeptide signalling that have been obtained recently through Evidence of the evolutionary antiquity of neuropeptide signalling comparative analysis of genome/transcriptome sequence data and by emerged with the molecular identification of neuropeptides in – ‘deorphanisation’ of neuropeptide receptors.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Vertebrate Endocrine and Neuronal Gene Families
    Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 856 Evolution of Vertebrate Endocrine and Neuronal Gene Families Focus on Pituitary and Retina DANIEL OCAMPO DAZA ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS ISSN 1651-6206 ISBN 978-91-554-8579-5 UPPSALA urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191829 2013 Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in B7:101a, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, BMC, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, Friday, March 1, 2013 at 09:00 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Faculty of Medicine). The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Ocampo Daza, D. 2013. Evolution of Vertebrate Endocrine and Neuronal Gene Families: Focus on Pituitary and Retina. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine 856. 55 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-554-8579-5. The duplication of genes followed by selection is perhaps the most prominent way in which molecular biological systems gain multiplicity, diversity and functional complexity in evolution. Whole genome duplications (WGDs) therefore have the potential of generating an extraordinary amount of evolutionary innovation. It is now accepted that the vertebrate lineage has gone through two rounds of WGD in its early stages, after the divergence of invertebrate chordates and before the emergence of jawed vertebrates. These basal vertebrate WGDs are called 2R for two rounds of whole genome duplication. An additional WGD called 3R occurred early in the evolution of teleost fishes, before the radiation of this species-rich group. This thesis describes the evolution of several endocrine and neuronal gene families in relation to the vertebrate WGDs, through a comparative genomic approach including both phylogenetic analyses and chromosomal location data across a wide range of vertebrate taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Babinski Reflex (Babinski Response, Babinski Sign) ▶Low Back/Spine Pain
    B thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae, inferiorly by an B1-B9 Cell Groups (Serotonergic Cell imaginary transverse line through the 4th sacral Groups) segment, and laterally by a line tangential to the lateral border of the erector spinae and a line between the posterior superior iliac spine and the inferolateral corner Definition of the sacrum. B1-B9 is the original designation of nine seratonin- Etiology containing cell groups visualized in the brainstem by Causes the use of fluorescent histochemical methods. Some of ▶ these serotonergic groups project caudally to the spinal Low Back/Spine Pain cord and others rostrally to different parts of the forebrain. Backache Babinski Reflex (Babinski Response, Babinski Sign) ▶Low Back/Spine Pain Definition Reflex response elicited preferably by a blunt rodlike instrument stroked along the lateral footsole from heel Back-Propagation in Neurons to toes. In neurologically normal adult persons, the stimulus elicits a flexor of foot and toes. In infants and adult patients with lesions of the ▶pyramidal tract, the Definition toes are spread apart, the big toe slowly extends and the ▶Action Potential Propagation other toes flex. Lesions limited to the pyramidal tract produce a Babinski sign and paresis (i.e., negative symptoms such as temporary weakness and loss of dexterity), but neither spastic ▶dystonia nor permanent weakness. Back-Propagation Learning in ▶Pyramidal Tract Neural Networks Definition The backpropagation algorithm is one of the most Back Pain popular procedures for training multi-layer artificial neural networks. Neurons in all layers change their synaptic weights based on the gradient descent of the Definition sum of squared differences between the network output Pin perceived anywhere in a region bounded superiorly and the target vector, where this sum is propagated by an imaginary transverse line between the 12th backwards through the net to adjust weights deep within 332 Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) the network.
    [Show full text]
  • Maurice Manning 02/04/2021
    MAURICE MANNING 02/04/2021 POSITIONS: Distinguished University Professor Department of Cancer Biology Ombudsman University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences PLACE OF BIRTH: Loughrea, Co. Galway, Ireland PARENTS: John and Annie Manning, National School Teachers Drim National School, Drim, Loughrea and Danesfort National School, Danesfort, Loughrea SIBLINGS: Justin Manning, B.E., M.A., Galway City, Ireland Helene Lafferty, N.T., B.A., Lisdoonvarna, Co. Clare, Ireland Monica McNamara, R.N., Ganty, Craughwell, Co. Galway, Ireland Claire Manning, Loughrea, Co. Galway, Ireland Lou Manning, B.A., M.Ed., Toronto, Ontario, Canada Gary Manning, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada MARITAL STATUS: Married to Carmel Walsh, R.N., B.Ed. CHILDREN: Shane J. Manning, Columbus, OH Deirdre Manning, B.A., M. Div., MSW, Toledo, OH Brian Manning, B.A., M.A., Los Angeles, CA CITIZENSHIP: United States PROFESSIONAL ADDRESS: University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Department of Cancer Biology 3000 Arlington Avenue – MS 1010 Block Health Science Building, Room 428 Toledo, OH 43614-2598 (419) 383-4131 - Office (419) 383-6228 - Fax email address: [email protected] HOME ADDRESS: 2143 Bridlewood Drive, Toledo, OH 43614, (419) 866-6407 1 EDUCATION: Elementary School; Saint Brendan’s Boys National School,Loughrea, County Galway, Ireland High School; De La Salle Brothers Secondary School, Loughrea, County Galway, Ireland Degree Institution Date B.Sc. (1st Honors) Chemistry University College Galway*, Galway, Ireland 1957 M.Sc. Chemistrya University College Galway*, Galway, Ireland 1958 Ph.D. Organic Chemistryb University of London, London, England 1961 D.Sc. Peptide Chemistry University College Galway*, Galway, Ireland 1974 *Now named: “National University of Ireland, Galway” (NUIG) aMentor: Professor P.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Oxytocin- and Vasopressin-Network in the Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei of Fetal Sheep
    Physiol. Res. 61: 277-286, 2012 https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.932257 Development of Oxytocin- and Vasopressin-Network in the Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei of Fetal Sheep L. SHI1*, Y. FAN2*, Z. XU1,3 * These authors contributed equally to this work. 1Beijing Sport University and First Hospital of Soochow University, Beijing and Suzhou, China, 2Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School, Suzhou, China, 3Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA Received September 12, 2011 Accepted March 2, 2012 On-line April 5, 2012 Summary Key words The hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei consist of Distribution • Arginine vasopressin • Oxytocin • SON • PVN oxytocin and arginine vasopressin synthesizing neurons that send projections to the neurohypophysis. A growing body of evidence Corresponding author in adult animals and young animals at near term confirmed the Zhice Xu, Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University structure and function in the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA. E-mail: network. However, whether those distinctive neural networks are [email protected] formed before near term is largely unknown. This study determined the special patterns in location and distribution of Introduction oxytocin- and vasopressin-neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei from preterm to term in the ovine fetuses. The The hypothalamus functions critically in a results showed that oxytocin- and vasopressin-neurons were number of important physiological processes in the body, present in both nuclei at the three gestational time periods including cardiovascular regulation, body fluid (preterm, near term, and term).
    [Show full text]
  • Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Unraveling Evolutionary Mechanisms in Taxonomic Groups of Neurohypophysial Hormones Family Alberto F
    ntelligence I an OPEN ACCESS Freely available online rm d a E w v S o f l u o t l i o a n n a r International Journal of Swarm Intelligence u r y o C J l o a m n ISSN: 2090-4908p o i u t t a a n t r i e o t I n n and Evolutionary Computation Research Article Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Unraveling Evolutionary Mechanisms in Taxonomic Groups of Neurohypophysial Hormones Family Alberto F. de Oliveira Jr1*, Marcelo Querino Lima Afonso2, Vasco Ariston Azevedo2, Manuel Lemos1 1Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Beira Interior, R. Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã/Portugal;2Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/Brasil ABSTRACT Together Oxytocin and Vasopressin set the neurohypophysial hormones that form a family of structurally and functionally related peptide hormones. However, the biological function of these proteins may vary depending on their taxonomic classification. In our study, using a broad of bioinformatics and machine learning techniques, we described the role of sets of coevolved amino acids in determining the taxonomic classes of neurohypophysial hormone sequences. Withal, it would be possible to correlate that certain taxonomic classes can still be classified from the presence of specific amino acids from these coevolved sets, bringing more light around how molecular evolution can describe the structure and function. Keywords: Oxytocin; Vasopressin; Evolution; Coevolution of amino acids; Coevolved sets; Machine learning; Molecular phylogeny; Neurohypophysial hormones BACKGROUND structural assembly of provassopressins by interacting with the calnexin/calreticulin system since the prohormone is reported to Oxytocin and Vasopressin are both the main representatives inefficiently fold in the absence of this glycopeptide [6].
    [Show full text]
  • Neurohormones: Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Related Peptides – Structure, Genes, Receptors, and Evolution
    Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 22, 2013, 283–294 The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, PAS, Jabłonna Neurohormones: oxytocin, vasopressin and related peptides – structure, genes, receptors, and evolution K. Kochman The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland Considered biologically as well as philosophically, man is a most singular product of the evolutionary process. He receives and transmits not one but two heredities, the biological and the cultural. Man’s biological heredity is very much like that of any other organism; it is transmitted solely from parents to their children, and to other direct descendants. Cultural heredity, or simply culture, is transmitted by teaching, imitation, learning, in large part by means of language. Theodosius Dobzhansky, ‘Heredity and the Nature of Man’ François Jacobs, ‘Evolution is molecular tinkering’ KEY WORDS: neuropeptides, oxytocin, ABSTRACT. Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), and all related hormones, vasopressin, neural-lobe of pituitary, receptors, consist of nine amino acids with cysteine residues in positions 1 and 6 that form evolution a six-amino acid cyclic part, and of a C-terminal glycine in α-amidated form. These neuropeptides are classified into oxytocin and vasopressin families based on the amino acid residue at position 8. OT-like and VP-like peptides are present in every vertebrate species. These peptides are a very ancient family of hormones having representatives in diverse species of invertebrates. Received: 6 May 2013 Invertebrates have either a vasopressin-family peptide or an oxytocin-family Revised: 5 October 2013 peptide, whereas bony fishes, the ancestors of land vertebrates, have both Accepted: 11 November 2013 isotocin and vasotocin.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Pituitary Glands from Huoyan Geese Between Pre- Laying and Laying Periods Using an Itraq- Based Approach
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative proteomic analysis of pituitary glands from Huoyan geese between pre- laying and laying periods using an iTRAQ- based approach Xinhong Luan*☯, Zhongzan Cao☯, Zhe Xing, Mei Liu, Ming Gao, Bo Meng, Ruiming Fan Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, a1111111111 Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China a1111111111 a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 Abstract In this study, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the proteomic profile of the pitui- OPEN ACCESS tary gland of the Huoyan goose during the laying period compared to the pre-laying period Citation: Luan X, Cao Z, Xing Z, Liu M, Gao M, using an iTRAQ-based approach. Protein samples were prepared from pituitary gland tis- Meng B, et al. (2017) Comparative proteomic sues of nine pre-laying period and nine laying period geese. Then the protein samples from analysis of pituitary glands from Huoyan geese three randomly selected geese within each period were pooled in equal amounts to gener- between pre-laying and laying periods using an iTRAQ-based approach. PLoS ONE 12(9): ate one biological sample pool. We identified 684 differentially expressed proteins, including e0185253. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. 418 up-regulated and 266 down-regulated proteins. GO annotation and KEGG pathway pone.0185253 analyses of these proteins were conducted. Some of these proteins were found to be asso- Editor: Hubert Vaudry, Universite de Rouen, ciated with hormone and neurotransmitter secretion and transport, neuropeptide signalling FRANCE and GnRH signalling pathways, among others.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of an in Situ Hybridization Method for Neurohypophysial Hormone Mrnas Using Synthetic Title Oligonucleotide Probes
    Development of an in situ Hybridization Method for Neurohypophysial Hormone mRNAs Using Synthetic Title Oligonucleotide Probes Author(s) Hyodo, Susumu; Fujiwara, Mamoru; Kozono, Shigeru; Sato, Moriyuki; Urano, Akihisa Citation Zoological Science, 5(2), 397-406 Issue Date 1988-04-15 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/43964 Type article File Information ZS5-2_397-406.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 5: 397-406 (1988) © 1988 Zoological Society of Japan Development of an in situ Hybridization Method for Neurohypophysial Hormone mRNAs Using Synthetic Oligonucleotide Probes Susumu Hyodo, Mamoru Fujiwara, Shigeru Kozono, Moriyuki Sato1 and Akihisa Urano Department of Regulation Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Urawa, Saitama 338, and lTokyo Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan ABSTRACT—Vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) mRNAs are highly homologous. We de veloped an in situ hybridization method to discriminate the AVP and the OXT mRNAs using synthetic 22mer deoxyoligonucleotides as probes which have several advantages over the use of cDNAs, e.g., highly specific, easy to obtain a designed probe, and easily accessible to cellular mRNAs. The probes were radiolabeled at the 5' ends with 32P, applied to rehydrated paraffin sections of rat and/or toad hypothalami, and were visualized by autoradiography. RNase treatment before incubation with the probes and measurement of melting temperature showed that the probes actually paired with tissue RNAs. The specificity of hybridization signals was checked by the following tests: absorption test, competition test, a use of alternate probes complementary to the different regions of the same mRNA, cross species hybridization, and comparisons with the immunohistochemical localization of AVP and OXT in adjacent or the same tissue sections.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Somato-Dendritic Vasopressin and Oxytocin Secretion in Endocrine And
    Somato-dendritic vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in endocrine and autonomic regulation Colin H. Brown 1, Mike Ludwig 2,3, Jeffrey G. Tasker 4 and Javier E. Stern 5 1 Brain Health Research Centre, Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 2 Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK 3 Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 4 Brain Institute and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA 5 Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA Running title: Somato-dendritic VP and OT secretion Key words: Somato-dendritic secretion, paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, oxytocin, vasopressin Corresponding author: Colin H. Brown, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. Tel.: +64-3-479-7354, Fax.: +64-3-479-7323, E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract Somato-dendritic secretion was first demonstrated over 30 years ago. However, while its existence has become widely accepted, the function of somato-dendritic secretion is still not completely understood. Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) were among the first neuronal phenotypes in which somato-dendritic secretion was demonstrated and are among the neurones for which the functions of somato-dendritic secretion are best characterised. These neurones secrete the neuropeptides, vasopressin and oxytocin, in an orthograde manner from their axons in the posterior pituitary gland into the blood circulation to regulate body fluid balance and reproductive physiology. Retrograde somato-dendritic secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin modulate the activity of the neurones from which they are secreted, as well as the activity of neighbouring populations of neurones, to provide intra- and inter-population signals that coordinate the endocrine and autonomic responses for control of peripheral physiology.
    [Show full text]