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City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan October 2012 www.derby.gov.uk Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan Document status Section 71 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 places a statutory duty on a local planning authority “from time to time to formulate and publish proposals for the preservation and enhancement of any parts of their area which are conservation areas.” The NPPF states that”local planning authorities should ensure that an area justifies such status because of its special architectural or historic interest” This document presents a Conservation Area Appraisal for the Derby City Centre Conservation Area. The approach to appraisal closely follows that recommended by English Heritage in ‘Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals’ (February 2006). It has been prepared as part of the work towards the new Local Development Framework (LDF). Other actions relating to the Conservation Area and forming part of the management strategy and proposals for the Conservation Area will be taken forward separately, as resources allow. This report was prepared by the City’s Conservation Officers based upon the draft report prepared by Conservation Studio October 2012 1 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan DERBY CITY CENTRE CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL - CONTENTS PART 1 – CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT National policy Local policy World Heritage Site 3. ASSESSMENT OF SPECIAL INTEREST Location and setting Location and context Landscape setting General character and plan form Historic development Pre medieval Medieval Post medieval Archaeology Spatial Analysis The character and interrelationship of spaces within the area Key views and vistas Character analysis Definition of character areas Activity, prevailing and former uses within the area Listed buildings Unlisted buildings/structures of merit The architectural and historic qualities of the buildings Prevalent and traditional building materials Architectural details Local details The public realm Historic street surfaces Open spaces, green areas and trees The extent of loss, intrusion or damage General condition Problems, pressures and the capacity for change October 2012 2 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan 4. LOCAL GENERIC GUIDANCE 5. SUMMARY OF ISSUES PART 2 – CONSERVATION AREA MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 6. MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND PROPOSALS Introduction Policies E18: Conservation Areas E29 Protection of World Heritage Site Management Plan Extensions to the boundary of the conservation area Ensuring that new buildings enhance the conservation area Urban grain. Scale and density Height Massing Appearance, materials and detailing Key design principles Shopfronts and advertising Prevailing traditional materials and design details Demolition of unlisted buildings Enforcement and Monitoring Buildings in disrepair needing some positive action Review 7. APPENDIX Bibliography - Key sources of information 8. Map – Conservation Area Map October 2012 3 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan PART 1 DERBY CITY CENTRE CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL October 2012 4 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan PART 1 – CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL DERBY CITY CENTRE CONSERVATION AREA - SUMMARY The special character and appearance of the Derby City Centre Conservation Area Conservation Area derives from the following features: Roman, Saxon and Viking precedents to the city’s foundation in the 10th century; The city’s historic street pattern of an ancient north-south spinal route along Queen St, Iron Gate, Market Place and Corn Market; Medieval side streets containing significant architecture from the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries: St Mary’s Gate, Sadler Gate and Wardwick; Notable 19th century development in Albert Street, Victoria Street, The Strand (Strand Arcade), St James Street and Iron Gate (east side); A prevalence of red brick Georgian town houses and Victorian civic and commercial buildings; An area containing many buildings of architectural and historic interest, a high proportion of which are listed buildings and many others which make a positive contribution to the area’s historic character and appearance; Prevalent use of local red brick and stone with a few surviving examples of 16th and 17th century timber-framing; Stone and red brick are the prevalent building materials in the conservation area. Derby Cathedral, substantially rebuilt to designs of James Gibbs in the early 18th century and, whose 212 feet high 16th century tower dominates the skyline; The Silk Mill, the first water-powered silk mill in England, now home to Derby’s Industrial Museum and southern entrance to the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site; The Guildhall with its tower of 1840 which holds a commanding position overlooking the Market Square; The Library and Museum, Wardwick built to designs of R.K.Freeman in 1879; Areas of historic stone floorscape e.g. Amen Alley, College Place and stone cobbled and paved side alleys; Towers and turrets of key landmark buildings ; Enclosed areas to the rear of thoroughfares, known as ‘yards’, accessed by narrow arched alleys ; Significant planned urban spaces and squares i.e. Market Place, Museum Square, Osnabruck Square; October 2012 5 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan Street trees and urban greenery particularly in Cathedral Green and along the riverside. All Saints Church provides a terminus to St Mary’s Gate October 2012 6 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan 1. INTRODUCTION A conservation area is an area of special architectural or historic interest which is desirable to preserve or enhance. These areas are designated by the Local Planning Authority. Conservation area appraisals are an assessment of the features which give an area its own special character. Identification of these special qualities, within an area, is essential so that the Local Planning Authority can preserve or enhance them and carry out their planning functions. Designation of a conservation area draws peoples’ attention to the area’s architectural and historic interest and emphasises the need for any changes or new development, either within or adjoining the area, to be sympathetic to and respect its character. Ornate iron gates and railings add to the area’s special interest Derby is a city of considerable historic interest and architectural merit with a range of streets and buildings spanning many centuries. The City Council has designated sixteen conservation areas. The City Centre, Friar Gate and Green Lane and St Peters Conservation Areas are at the heart of the City Centre. Although containing buildings from other periods, seven conservation area are primarily based on aspects of Victorian Derby (Railway, Arboretum, Little Chester, Strutt's Park, Hartington Street, Highfield Cottages, and Nottingham Road) and one is based on an exceptional mid twentieth century charity housing estate (Leyland’s Estate). The remaining five are focused on former village centres (Darley Abbey, Mickleover, Spondon, Allestree and Markeaton). The City Centre Conservation Area was designated by the City Council in October 1987. The conservation area encompasses the city’s historic core, west of the River Derwent. It includes historic properties to the east and west of the ancient north-south route through the town which follows the course of today’s Queen Street, Iron Gate, Market Place and Corn Market. The street pattern and outline of today’s conservation area roughly approximates to the layout illustrated in John Speed’s map of Derby of 1610 and to the area promoted as the ‘Cathedral Quarter’ in 2007. This assessment of the character and appearance of the Conservation Area is important. It follows the relevant guidance as set out by the English Heritage paper Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals (February 2006).This document will help inform the LDF for Derby. October 2012 7 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan This report was prepared by the City’s Conservation Officers based upon the draft report prepared by Conservation Studio, a specialized planning and architectural practice (www.theconservationstudio.co.uk). The area was first surveyed and photographed in the autumn of 2007 and revisited and updated in February 2011 and finalized in October 2012. To be concise and readable, the appraisal does not record all features of interest. The omission of a particular building, feature or space should not be taken to imply that it is of no interest. An almost continuous range of mullioned windows distinguishes this 17th century building in Wardwick. October 2012 8 Derby City Centre Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan 2. THE PLANNING POLICY CONTEXT National Policy The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 requires Local Planning Authorities to determine areas of special architectural or historic interest, "the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance". These areas are called conservation areas. There are legal requirements and constraints which apply within conservation areas which do not apply elsewhere. These are set out in the above Act and subsequent circulars and guidance relating to it. The Act and other pieces of relevant national Government guidance, such as the National Planning Policy Framework, are
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