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Non-Technical Summary STOWE GOLF COURSE Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment and Field Reconnaissance Survey Prepared by NETWORK ARCHAEOLOGY On behalf of STOWE SCHOOL Report Number: 450 June 2011 SGO 13/v1.0 Stowe Golf Course Development Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment and Field Survey DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET Project title Stowe Golf Course Development Document Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment and Field Reconnaissance Survey title Report no. 450 Project code SGO 13 Accession n/a number File ref. SGO\13\report\text\v1.0 County/ Unitary Buckinghamshire County Council Authority District Aylesbury Vale Parish Stowe NGR(s) Centred on NGR 468440 237550 Distribution Stowe School; Buckinghamshire County Council Archaeology Service, AVDC Doc. Table of List of List of List of List of Control Text Apps Document Contents Appends Tables Plates Figures Comprises Sheet 1 2 1 1 0 1 53 21 Ver Status Author(s) Reviewer Approver Date Christopher Morley David Bonner David Bonner First BA (Hons), M.Phil. BA (Hons), MIFA BA (Hons), MIFA 1.0 29/06/11 issue Project Supervisor/ Company Director/ Company Director/ Senior Reports Officer Senior Project Manager Project Manager Network Archaeology Network Archaeology Northern Office Southern Office 28 West Parade 22, High Street Lincoln. LN1 1JT Buckingham MK18 1NU Tel: 01522 532621 Tel: 01280 816174 Email: Email: [email protected] [email protected] Network Archaeology delivers a complete consultancy and field service nationwide. The company’s particular expertise is linear infrastructure, such as pipelines, roads, rail and cables. Its emphasis is upon good communication and recognition of client’s individual needs and priorities. Network is known for delivering professional support, taking care of the archaeology and enabling projects to keep moving forward. © Network Archaeology Ltd, June 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise - unless the permission of the publisher has been given beforehand All statements and opinions presented in any report(s) arising from the proposed programme of investigation are offered in good faith and compiled according to professional standards. No responsibility can be accepted by the authors of the report(s) for any error of fact or opinion resulting from incorrect data supplied by any third party. i SGO 13/v1.0 Stowe Golf Course Development Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment and Field Survey CONTENTS Document control sheet............................................................................................ i Contents....................................................................................................................ii List of appendices ................................................................................................... iv List of tables ............................................................................................................. v List of figures........................................................................................................... vi Non-technical summary .......................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Purpose of the Report ................................................................................... 2 1.2 Commissioning Bodies .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Proposed Development.................................................................................. 2 1.4 Legislation, Regulations and Guidance ....................................................... 2 1.5 Staged approach to archaeological investigation........................................ 4 1.6 Aims ................................................................................................................ 4 1.7 Circulation of report ..................................................................................... 4 1.8 Resourcing...................................................................................................... 4 2 Method of assessment.................................................................................... 5 2.1 Frameworks and standards.......................................................................... 5 2.2 Study Area...................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Data collection................................................................................................ 5 2.4 Field reconnaissance survey ......................................................................... 6 2.5 Data management and presentation ............................................................ 6 2.6 Impact assessment process............................................................................ 8 2.7 Limitations of assessment ........................................................................... 12 3 Description of the Study Area .................................................................... 14 3.1 Location and topography............................................................................ 14 3.2 Mapped solid geology.................................................................................. 14 3.3 Mapped drift geology .................................................................................. 14 3.4 Mapped soils ................................................................................................ 14 3.5 Geotechnical investigation of the PDA ...................................................... 15 3.6 Ground contamination................................................................................ 15 3.7 Hydrology and hydrogeology ..................................................................... 15 4 Archaeology within the Study Area........................................................... 16 4.1 Previous archaeological work within the Study Area .............................. 16 4.2 Palaeolithic (c. 500 000 – 8300 BC) ............................................................ 16 4.3 Mesolithic (c. 8300 – 4000 BC) ................................................................... 17 4.4 Neolithic (c. 4200 – 2400 BC)...................................................................... 17 4.5 Bronze Age (c. 2400 – 800 BC) ................................................................... 18 4.6 Iron Age (c. 800 BC – AD 43) ..................................................................... 19 4.7 Prehistoric Period (c. 500 000 BC – AD 43) .............................................. 19 4.8 Roman (AD 43 – 410) .................................................................................. 20 4.9 The Anglo-Saxon Period (AD 410 – 1066)................................................. 22 4.10 Medieval (AD 1066 – 1540)......................................................................... 23 4.11 Post-Medieval and Early Modern (AD 1540 – 1939)................................ 25 4.12 Modern (AD 1939 to present)..................................................................... 28 ii SGO 13/v1.0 Stowe Golf Course Development Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment and Field Survey 4.13 Sites of Undetermined Date ........................................................................ 28 5 Field survey .................................................................................................. 29 5.1 Survey conditions and access...................................................................... 29 5.2 Observations within the PDA..................................................................... 29 5.3 Observations outside the PDA.................................................................... 34 5.4 Existing boundaries..................................................................................... 34 5.5 Discussion..................................................................................................... 34 6 Archaeological potential of the landscape within the Study Area .......... 35 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 35 6.2 Palaeo-environmental and organic remains.............................................. 38 6.3 Summary of potential for encountering different classifications of Archaeological remains............................................................................... 39 7 impact Assessment....................................................................................... 41 7.1 Importance ................................................................................................... 41 7.2 Impact Assessment ...................................................................................... 41 7.3 Significance of Impact................................................................................. 45 8 Recommendations........................................................................................ 48 8.1 Site-specific recommendations ................................................................... 48 8.2 General recommendations.......................................................................... 49 9 Acknowledgments........................................................................................ 50 10 Bibliography................................................................................................
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