Dedicated to what works in global health programs GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020 Volume 8 Number 2 www.ghspjournal.org EDITORS Editor-in-Chief Stephen Hodgins, MD, MSc, DrPH, Associate Professor, Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Alberta Editor-in-Chief Emeritus: James D. Shelton, MD, MPH, Retired Associate Editors Matthew Barnhart, MD, MPH, Senior Science Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Cara J. Chrisman, PhD, Biomedical Research Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Elaine Menotti, MPH, Health Development Officer, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Jim Ricca, MD, MPH, Learning and Implementation Science Team Leader, Maternal and Child Survival Program, Jhpiego Madeleine Short Fabic, MHS, Public Health Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Saad Abdulmumin, MD, PhD, MPH, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Malaria: Michael Macdonald, ScD, Consultant, World Health Organization, Vector Control Unit, Global Malaria Programme Maternal Health: Marge Koblinsky, PhD, Independent Consultant Nutrition: Bruce Cogill, PhD, MS, Consultant Managing Staff Natalie Culbertson, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Sonia Abraham, MA, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs EDITORIAL BOARD Zulfiqar Bhutta, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Aga Emmanuel (Dipo) Otolorin, Jhpiego, Nigeria Khan University, Pakistan James Phillips, Columbia University, USA Kathryn Church, Marie Stopes International, London School Yogesh Rajkotia, ThinkWell, USA of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom David Sleet, Bizell Group, LLC, Previously Center for Disease Scott Dowell, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, USA Control and Prevention, USA Marelize Görgens, World Bank, USA John Stanback, FHI 360, USA Lennie Kamwendo, White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Lesley Stone, US Department of State/US Agency for Motherhood, Health Service Commission, Malawi International Development, USA Jemilah Mahmood, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Douglas Storey, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Societies, Malaysia Programs, USA Vinand Nantulya, Busitema University, Uganda Global Health: Science and Practice (ISSN: 2169-575X) is a no-fee, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published online at www.ghspjournal.org. It is published quarterly by the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202. GHSP is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Knowledge SUCCESS (Strengthening Use, Capacity, Collaboration, Exchange, Synthesis, and Sharing) Project. GHSP is editorially independent and does not necessarily represent the views or positions of USAID, the United States Government, or the Johns Hopkins University. For further information, please contact the editors at [email protected]. Global Health: Science and Practice is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Cover caption: COVID-19 has reached almost every corner of the globe. Face masks have become commonplace for essential workers as well as everyday citizens to reduce transmission of COVID-19. © 2020/World Bank Table of Contents June 2020 | Volume 8 | Number 2 EDITORIALS Will the Higher-Income Country Blueprint for COVID-19 Work in Low- and Lower Middle-Income Countries? Strategies to radically suppress incidence of COVID-19, as used in higher-income countries, may be unrealistic and counterproductive in most low- and lower middle-income countries. Instead, strategies should be tailored to the setting, balancing expected benefits, potential harms, and feasibility. Stephen Hodgins, Abdulmumin Saad Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):136–143 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00217 Institutionalization of Projects Into Districts in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Needs Stewardship, Autonomy, and Resources Important attributes for project institutionalization include strong stewardship and champions, affordability, demand for the intervention and perceived benefit, minimal complexity, and optimal intervention design and period of support. Peter Waiswa Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):144–146 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00170 Learning from Community Health Worker Programs, Big and Small Small, well-implemented, well-evaluated community health worker programs can provide useful insights and inspiration. Testing, learning, and adapting at progressively larger scale can ultimately lead to national-scale programs that achieve sustainable impact. Stephen Hodgins Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):147–149 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00244 COMMENTARIES Beyond No Blame: Practical Challenges of Conducting Maternal and Perinatal Death Reviews in Eastern Ethiopia Lack of a professional body to address patients’ complaints regarding quality of health care and absence of clear medicolegal guidance hamper maternal death reviews in Ethiopia. Abera Kenay Tura, Sagni Girma Fage, Alexander Mohamed Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohamed, Redwan Ahmed, Tadesse Gure, Joost Zwart, Thomas van den Akkerf, on behalf of the AMAN-MAMA investigators Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):150–154 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00366 Global Health: Science and Practice 2020 | Volume 8 | Number 2 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org VIEWPOINTS Coping With COVID-19: Learning From Past Pandemics to Avoid Pitfalls and Panic It is imperative to concur on the main transmission routes of COVID-19 to explain risk and determine the most effective means to reduce illness and mortality. We must avoid generating irrational fear and maintain a broader perspective in the pandemic response, including assessing the possibility for substantial unintended consequences. Daniel T. Halperin Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):155–165 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00189 Contraception in the Era of COVID-19 As global health systems and communities prepare to meet an unprecedented threat causing increased demands for the care of people with COVID-19, health care providers should strive to ensure continuity of reproductive health care to women and girls in the face of facility service disruption. Kavita Nanda, Elena Lebetkin, Markus J. Steiner, Irina Yacobson, Laneta J. Dorflinger Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):166–168 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00119 Doing Things Differently: What It Would Take to Ensure Continued Access to Contraception During COVID-19 COVID-19 may fundamentally change women’s contraceptive use, meaning that the future we have been planning and procuring for, may not match these changes. In these unprecedented times, we must rethink how we link product and program in the short-term to ensure women’s changing needs are met. Michelle Weinberger, Brendan Hayes, Julia White, John Skibiak Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):169–175 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00171 Multimonth Dispensing of Antiretroviral Therapy Protects the Most Vulnerable From 2 Pandemics at Once We encourage governments in countries that have a high prevalence of people living with HIV to implement multimonth dispensing of antiretroviral therapy to safeguard both patients with HIV and health care workers from COVID-19. Ariana Moriah Traub, Temitayo Ifafore-Calfee, Benjamin Ryan Phelps Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):176–177 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00160 Global Health: Science and Practice 2020 | Volume 8 | Number 2 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org Ebola: A Hyperinflated Emergency As with the Ebola outbreak, global under-5 mortality and morbidity should be considered a public health emergency of international concern. Victor K. Barbiero Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):178–182 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00422 Breaking Specialty Silos: Improving Global Child Health Through Essential Surgical Care Children’s health care providers and children’s surgery providers can partner to improve children’s health by developing the surgical workforce, focusing on “best buy” surgeries, integrating children’s surgery into national plans, streamlining data collection and research, and leveraging financing. Isaac Wasserman, Alexander W. Peters, Lina Roa, Farhana Amanullah, Lubna Samad Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):183–189 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00009 ORIGINAL ARTICLES District Health Teams’ Readiness to Institutionalize Integrated Community Case Management in the Uganda Local Health Systems: A Repeated Qualitative Study District health teams failed to transition from partner-supported integrated community case management (iCCM) programs to locally-run and fully-institutionalized programs. Successful iCCM institutionalization requires local ownership with increased coordination among governmental and nongovernmental actors at the national and district levels. Agnes Nanyonjo, Edmound Kertho, James Tibenderana, Karin Källander Glob Health Sci Pract. 2020;8(2):190–204 https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-19-00318 Scaling Up Access to Implants: A Summative Evaluation of the Implants Access Program The Implants Access Program increased access to implants by addressing price, supply chain, service delivery, and knowledge and awareness barriers. Sustaining progress requires institutionalized mechanisms to continue global efforts and long-term assurances that implants’ low price will