CINEMA Cinema in Pakistan: Economics, Institutions and Way Forward No. 2020:28 PIDE Working Papers Zulfiqar Ali Fahd Zulfiqar PIDE Working Papers No. 2020:28 Cinema in Pakistan: Economics, Institutions and Way Forward Zulfiqar Ali Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad. and Fahd Zulfiqar Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad. Acknowledgment: Our thanks to Dr. Nadeem Ul Haque for suggesting this valuable and unexplored topic and pointing out that film industry is an avenue of economic activity creating employment and value. PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ISLAMABAD 2020 Editorial Committee Lubna Hasan Saima Bashir Junaid Ahmed Disclaimer: Copyrights to this PIDE Working Paper remain with the author(s). The author(s) may publish the paper, in part or whole, in any journal of their choice. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail:
[email protected] Website: http://www.pide.org.pk Fax: +92-51-9248065 Designed, composed, and finished at the Publications Division, PIDE. CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 1 2. Lollywood: Emergence, Existence and Endurance 3 3. Institutions of Cinema in Pakistan 7 3.1. Film Trade Associations 7 3.2. Motion Picture Ordinance 9 3.3. National Film Development Corporation 9 3.4. Central Board of Film Censors (CBFC) 9 4. Economics of ‘New Cinema’ in Pakistan 10 4.1. Use of Modern Technology and ‘New Cinema’ 10 4.2. Commercial Success of ‘New Cinema’ 11 4.3. Multiplex Cinemas 12 4.4. Entertainment Duty 13 4.5. COVID-19 14 5. Existing Policy Debates 15 6. Policy Recommendations 16 References 17 List of Tables Table 1.