The joys of Quick breads The urgency of pass-along planTs and Muffins blaCk HisTory MonTH

for eleCTriC CooperaTive MeMbers february 2021 Hump Day

Camels, with their plodding gaits and affable charm, still ply the Texas desert

contents February 2021

04 Currents The latest buzz

06 TCp Talk Readers respond

18 Co-op news Information plus energy and safety tips from your cooperative

29 footnotes in Texas History A Name That Sticks By W.F. Strong

30 TCp kitchen Quick Breads and Muffins By Megan Myers

34 Hit the road Caddo 08 Monuments By Chet Garner 12 Every Day Putting 37 focus on Texas Photo Contest: Is Hump Day Down Roots Saddles Camels add unique silhouettes Pass-along plants spread joy, and affable charm to West texas friendship and legacies expeditions. among gardeners. 38 observations Time To Talk By Pam LeBlanc By Sheryl Smith-Rodgers About That Photos by Scott Van Osdol Illustrations by Chiara Vercesi By Michael Hurd

On the COver Doug Baum and richard, one of his camels. ABOve A face that only a … no, that anybody could love. Photos by Scott Van Osdol

texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 3 Currents

No Crapes of Wrath

to resist all temptation to commit JusT a friendly reMinder crape murder this month. Prune crape myrtles gently—or not at all. Our February 2020 story Crape Murder explains it all. Many gar- deners drastically saw off the trees’ limbs, thinking it the proper treatment for beautiful blooms later in the summer. Not so. “In recognizing the “The prettiest ones I’ve seen have never been touched,” says horticulturist Greg Grant. “And I mean never.” humanity of our fellow beings, we pay ourselves the highest tribute.”

—Thurgood Marshall

end of the republic this month marks 175 years since the formal transfer of authority in texas from the republic to the state. the u.s. Congress accepted the texas Constitution on December 29, 1845, which marked texas’ legal entry into the union. On february 19, 1846, the last president of texas, Anson Jones, turned over the reins of government to gov. James Pinckney henderson. “the final act in this great drama is now performed,” Jones declared. “the republic of texas is no more.”

Last July, Austin became the 11th American city and fourth in Texas — living joining Houston, San Antonio and Dallas—with a population exceeding large 1 million. The last U.S. city to hit 1 million people was San Jose, California, in 2015. CrAPe myrtle: ukimArrOn | shutterstOCk.COm. Wine: sAshAgAlA | DreAmstime.COm. miller: BettmAn | getty imAges. iCe CreAm: unPiCt | DreAmstime.COm

4 TEXAS COOP POWER feBruAry 2021 texAsCOOPPOWer.COm February 18 naTional drink

TexasWine has more day than 500 wineries, according to the national association of american Wineries. only four states have more. finisH THis senTenCe YoU’RE NEvER Too olD To ... tell us how you would finish that sentence. email your short responses to [email protected] or comment on our facebook post. include your co-op and town. here are some of Valor the responses to our December prompt: i wish i could … Carries On find a cure for COviD-19. sherryiOn lAne miDsOuth eC h u n t s v i l l e , a U.S. Navy mess attendant from THe naMe of doris Miller Willow Grove, near Waco, who became a hero during the Pearl have just one more day with my dad, Harbor attack in 1941, lives on in schools, roads and community Dixie Wheeler. i have so many centers around the country. questions i’d like to ask him. In 11 years the USS Doris Miller will take to the seas as the first rODney Wheeler BlueBOnnet eC supercarrier named for an African American and the first named lyttOn sPrings for an enlisted sailor. fit into the pants i wore before Miller fired an anti-aircraft gun at attacking Japanese aircraft quarantine. and then pulled shipmates out of the burning water. He perished CAryl ZimmermAn in 1943 aboard an escort carrier torpedoed in the Pacific Ocean. CentrAl texAs eC k i n g s l A n D figure out what my cats are thinking when they stare at me. Contests and More lAurie l. reAgAn B A n D e r A e C l e A k e y on TexasCooppoWer.CoM $500 reCipe ConTesT give everyone a hug. ice Creams and sorbets mArgAret fOntenOt BlueBOnnet eC foCus on Texas pHoTos s O m e r v i l l e manmade vs. nature Web exTra to see more responses, read see writer sheryl smith-rodgers divide lilies and prepare plants to pass along. Currents online.

texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 5 TCP Talk

He gave us the stars “The generosity and vision of William McDonald and Violet Locke McIvor is a great story. Wouldn’t we all welcome an opportunity to go ‘mountain shopping’?”

gerald benneTT c o s e r v f r i s c o COllAge sOurCe PhOtOs: COurtesy mCDOnAlD OBservAtOry

alabama’s role The pinnacle Classic Cover While primary control of the Interna- My husband and I took a Huge kudos to photographer

tional Space Station is in Houston, yep! And brought over week to explore the beaches Kristin Tyler for the photo Marshall Space Flight Center in Hunts- some delicious food and fishing villages of South of the farrier on the October ville, Alabama, also plays a vital role [Burgs in a New Land, Texas one year. We had heard 2020 cover. It is a classic, in its operation [Out of This World, December 2020]. about the Matagorda Island reminiscent of the Dorothea November 2020]. kAylA WAlker ferry and rented bicycles for Lange Depression photo- viA fACeBOOk Flight controllers in Huntsville the day [Matagorda Island graphs. schedule the astronauts’ daily activities Lighthouse, October 2020]. and provide technical assistance as There were several others merry langlinais the astronauts do experiments and on the ferry, but we had all Bandera eC perform maintenance or handle day exploring the island— medina emergencies related to the equipment hardly seeing a soul until inside the space station. returning to the dock. The view of the lighthouse was linda Brower the pinnacle of that day. tri-County eC Thank you for bringing keller that long-lost memory to life. WriTe To us [email protected] Joy Connery Wood County eC editor, texas Co-op Power lindale 1122 Colorado st., 24th floor Austin, tx 78701

please include your electric co-op and town. letters may be edited for clarity and length.

nAsA.gOv texas Co-op Power

Texas eleCTriC CooperaTives board of direCTors texas co-op power volume 77, number 8 (usPs 540-560). Texas Co-op Power is published Chair robert loth iii, fredericksburg • vice Chair gary raybon, el Campo monthly by texas electric Cooperatives (teC). Periodical postage paid at Austin, tx, and at additional secretary-Treasurer kelly lankford, san Angelo • board Members greg henley, tahoka offices. teC is the statewide association representing 75 electric cooperatives.Texas Co-op Power’s website is texasCoopPower.com. Call (512) 454-0311 or email [email protected]. Billy Jones, Corsicana • David mcginnis, van Alstyne • Doug turk, livingston subsCripTions subscription price is $4.20 per year for individual members of subscribing coop- presidenT/Ceo mike Williams, Austin eratives and is paid from equity accruing to the member. if you are not a member of a subscribing CoMMuniCaTions & MeMber serviCes CoMMiTTee cooperative, you can purchase an annual subscription at the nonmember rate of $7.50. individual marty haught, Burleson • Bill hetherington, Bandera • ron hughes, sinton copies and back issues are available for $3 each. Boyd mcCamish, littlefield • John ed shinpaugh, Bonham • robert Walker, gilmer posTMasTer send address changes to Texas Co-op Power (usPs 540-560), 1122 Colorado st., Buff Whitten, eldorado • Brandon young, mcgregor 24th floor, Austin, tx 78701. Please enclose label from this copy of Texas Co-op Power showing old address and key numbers. Magazine sTaff adverTising Advertisers interested in buying display ad space in Texas Co-op Power and/or in vice president, Communications & Member services martin Bevins our 30 sister publications in other states, contact elaine sproull at (512) 486-6251. Advertisements editor Charles J. lohrmann • associate editor tom Widlowski in Texas Co-op Power are paid solicitations. the publisher neither endorses nor guarantees in any production Manager karen nejtek • Creative Manager Andy Doughty manner any product or company included in this publication. Product satisfaction and delivery re- advertising Manager elaine sproull • senior Communications specialist Chris Burrows sponsibility lie solely with the advertiser. © Copyright 2021 texas electric Cooperatives inc. repro- print production specialist grace fultz • Communications specialist travis hill duction of this issue or any portion of it is expressly prohibited without written permission. Willie food editor megan myers • Communications specialist Jessica ridge Wiredhand © Copyright 2021 national rural electric Cooperative Association. digital Content producer Chris salazar • senior designer Jane sharpe proofreader shannon Oelrich

6 TEXAS COOP POWER feBruAry 2021 texAsCOOPPOWer.COm We are excited to announce the release of the 2021 Texas Silver Round – Revolution Series. This is the second release of a four-year series commemorating the battles of the Texas Revolution. Each Texas The Silver Round is one troy ounce .9999 ne silver. The obverse of the high-quality mint strike features Texas’ iconic lone star in the foreground. The smooth engraving of the star is framed by a textured topographical outline of the state of Texas. “TEXAS” arches proudly over the top of the round’s obverse in large capital letters, with “Precious Metals” presented inversely along the opposite side. The round’s SERIES mintage year is engraved in the bottom left of the round, just southwest of what would be the Rio Grande bordering Texas and Mexico.

The reverse of the 2021 release displays a scene from the famous Battle of the Alamo. It depicts two Texian soldiers including the American icon, Davy Crockett, attempting to fend off Mexican soldiers attempting to breach the walls of the Alamo.

BATTLE OF GONZALES BATTLE OF THE ALAMO rst in the series second in the series

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oug Baum strides through the prickly Chihuahuan Desert of West Texas, a straw cowboy hat shading his face from the sun and a string of five camels sauntering behind him. I’m perched high atop one of those camels, listening in- tently as Baum, owner of Texas Camel Corps, points out a canyon wren’s nest, stops to inspect a rust-colored millipede marching across our path and then explains the role camels played in the Lone Star State’s history. “Texas is perfect for camels,” says Baum, born in the West Texas town of Big Spring. “That point was not lost on the dArmy when they decided to use camels out here in the 1850s.” That’s when the U.S. military imported 75 camels from Egypt, Turkey and Tunisia for use as pack animals. For nearly a decade, the heat-resistant creatures carried water and hauled supplies for the U.S. cavalry at Camp Verde, south of Kerrville. When the program ended in 1866, the army sold the ani- mals. Some wound up in California; others hauled freight between Texas and Mexico; a few ended up in traveling shows; and some made their way to Austin, where they were kept along Congress Avenue near the river and then sold off a few at a time. Today Baum, who lives with his menagerie on a farm near Valley Mills, where he is a member of Heart of Texas Electric Cooperative, keeps the camels’ history alive by in- troducing his cartoonish but affectionate creatures at events around the state. I’ve joined him at Cibolo Creek every Ranch, south of Marfa, for an overnight camel-riding trek to learn more about the role they once played in the Big Bend. I feel like I’m riding a rocking chair strapped to a steplad- der that’s being dragged down a gravel road. It’s both rough and rolling, with the bonus that my camel, Cinco, swings day is his neck around to give me a big goofy smile now and then.

ABOve texas Camel Corps owner Doug Baum throws a saddle on hump richard at his farm near valley mills. right richard greets the sunrise. day

e leads treks each spring and fall at Cibolo Creek and delivers members of his eight-camel herd to museums, parks, schools and libraries. He also leads treks in Egypt, where he has a second home, and if Hyou need a camel for a church Nativity, he’s the guy to call.

aum first fell in love with camels while working “They teach me what I should be—patient, observant, as a professional musician in Nashville in the methodical,” Baum says of his camels. “These are things 1990s, when he played drums for country music I recognize I lack in myself.” star Trace Adkins. He took a day job working at He leads treks each spring and fall at Cibolo Creek and the Nashville Zoo. delivers members of his eight-camel herd to museums, “I had zero experience with camels,” he says. “Within a parks, schools and libraries. He also leads treks in Egypt, week I was absolutely smitten. They’re sweet, affectionate, where he has a second home, and if you need a camel for playful and so, so gentle.” a church Nativity, he’s the guy to call. They’ve also got leathery, pie-sized feet; spindly, stiltlike Part of Baum’s mission is to dispel myths about camels. blegs; nostrils that squeeze shut to keep out blowing sand; They’re not, he says, ornery, smelly beasts that spit at people. and peach-sized eyes fringed in lush, 3-inch lashes. Their humps aren’t filled with water, either, though a camel Baum stuck with music for a while, but eventually “the can go 10 days or more without a drink. Camel humps—one camel thing just won,” he says. “It was an obvious choice for dromedaries, two for Bactrians—are filled with fat. (If to me.” you’re riding a single-humper, you’ll sit on a padded seat He moved back to Texas and in 1998 bought four camels, behind the hump. For a two-humper, you ride between the with the idea of using them for educational programs. Two bumps.) Camels can be downright cuddly, and they don’t of those camels—Richard and Cinco—are with us on this spit—although llamas, which are closely related, do. cool September afternoon, slowing periodically to munch I learn, when Cinco exhales on me, that the stinky part on creosote bushes. of the stereotype rings true. Camels’ awful breath is both

10 TEXAS COOP POWER feBruAry 2021 texAsCOOPPOWer.COm sweet and pungent, like grass clippings mixed with syrup— ABOve Doug Baum, walking behind the in part because they chew their cud. They are ruminants first camel, leads a trek through the and employ three stomachs to process their food. Stand desert at Cibolo Creek ranch, south of next to one for a few minutes, and you’ll hear that digestive marfa. OPPPOsite Author Pam leBlanc system in action, gurgling and glugging like a clogged perched atop richard. drain. Also, they fart—loudly and potently. Two other guests on the trek, Sue and Randy Howerter, “Sometimes you get an attachment to animals,” Sue Guadalupe Valley EC members, are equally taken by the Howerter says. “It’s the same with camels. They have so animals. Randy, who makes musical instruments, met much personality and character.” Baum at a festival in New Braunfels. Sue, a blacksmith, was Before our two-day trip ends, we’ve lumbered a dozen intrigued, too, and the Seguin couple visited Baum’s farm, miles across a stark landscape that looks like the backdrop where he lives with his family, the camels, five miniature of a John Wayne movie, soaked in a spring-fed creek, eaten donkeys, a pair of dogs, a flock of chickens, assorted sheep a traditional Moroccan meal, sung around the campfire, and goats, one horse, and “too many” kittens. watched shooting stars streak across the sky and listened to After that the Howerters needed no convincing. They coyotes yip as we snuggled in our tents. headed to Cibolo Creek Ranch, where we all loaded sleep- But it’s the camels that get top billing. And that’s just ing bags and pajamas into large canvas saddlebags; climbed how Baum likes it. D aboard our kneeling, straw-colored steeds; and hung on as

trek: PAm leBlAnC the animals rose to full height.

texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 11 by sheryl sMiTh-rodgers • illusTraTions by chiara vercesi Putting Down Roots

PASSALONG PLANTS SPREAD JOY, FRIENDSHIP AND LEGACIES AMONG GARDENERS

aige Eaton faced a bare yard when she and her family moved into their rural home in Wood P County in 2006. After hand-prepping her first garden bed, she planted several varieties of daylilies dug up from her sister-in-law’s yard down the road. Today those daylilies and many other pass-along plants are the founda- tion of Eaton’s diversified gardens that support pollinators and other wildlife. Now she passes along plants from her yard, too. “I love to give daylilies to friends and co-workers,” says Eaton, an employee and member of Wood County Electric Cooperative. “I’ve even mailed them to Mississippi and Georgia. I feel good about sharing daylilies because they’re hardy and can make anyone a successful gardener.” Sharing plants also saves lives—of the green kind, that is. In a yard or garden, plants multiply, often where they’re not wanted. Instead of tossing extras, most gardeners prefer to give away what they’ve thinned out. Are those pass-along plants? Maybe. Maybe not. Definitions vary, depending on the gardener you ask. Traditionally, the term refers to plants that are easy to grow, propagate and pass on as seeds, trans- plants, divisions, bulbs or cuttings. They’re often fragrant and rarely sold in commercial nurseries. They may also bring back fond memories of the giver or places tied to the past. “Without pass-along plants, most of us would have lost “is not by any means my creation. I have heard it most of my touch with our childhoods,” says Neil Sperry, a Texas life, possibly at my grandmother’s knee.” gardening expert and Grayson-Collin EC member. “There’s Another custom among some Southern gardeners also something special about being given a cutting, division or goes back for generations. “When you receive a pass-along, seed from your grandmother’s favorite plant and then you’re not supposed to say thank you or it won’t grow,” says sharing it with a young person who’s important to you. Marcia Coffman, president of the Mountain Laurel Garden Some of my favorite pass-alongs are tulips, oxblood lilies, Club in Bracketville and a Rio Grande EC member. “I’ve autumn daffodils, resurrection lilies and hardy amaryllis.” actually found the custom to be true. Instead, you should tell the giver, ‘Oh, this makes me so happy.’ ” ccording to many sources, the phrase “pass-along If one pass-along can bring happiness, imagine being plants” was coined by the late Lacy, a surrounded by them. Tables covered with pass-alongs can A gardening columnist and author. However, Lacy, be found at plant sales and swaps, such as seasonal fund- who grew up around Dallas, declined the credit when he raisers jointly hosted by the Denton County Master Gardener wrote in a foreword to Passalong Plants that the expression Association and the Native Plant Society of Texas in Denton.

12 TEXAS COOP POWER feBruAry 2021 texAsCOOPPOWer.COm “We pot up extra plants from our gardens, like white avens, arrived here, they’d set it under their motor home’s awning. mealy blue sage and fall asters, and label them,” says Liz Then they’d take it back home and keep it in their garage Moyer, a member of both organizations. “When I go to plant over winter.” sales, I always look for pass-alongs because I know they’ll Roses also rank among beloved pass-along plants. Becky do well in our climate and soils.” Smith of Hungerford and fellow members of the Texas Rose In the Rio Grande Valley, members of the Driftwood Rustlers preserve and share old garden roses that were Garden Club in Port Isabel give away small potted plants in planted by Anglo settlers at their homesteads and cemeter- exchange for donations at a monthly market. Their pass- ies. “We host a cutting exchange three times a year,” says alongs usually include palms, plumerias and succulents. Smith, the group’s chairperson. “Our mission is to encour- “We have a lot of winter Texans who like to take home age others to grow these old roses, which have been time- something unique from Texas that they can show their tested to survive and require no spraying or fertilizers.” friends,” says Mary Gorbell, club president and an NEC Unlike old garden roses, not all plants make suitable Co-op Energy member. “One Iowa couple had a Washing- pass-alongs. “Years ago someone gave me a Chinese tallow,” tonia palm they got from us. Every summer after they recalls Greg Grant, a Smith County extension agent with texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 13 “Later I divided the cacti into 15 pots and passed them along to my children and my sister’s children. It was all we had left of the land that our family had owned since 1889.”

Texas A&M AgriLife Extension in Tyler. “It had lovely fall color, but then I learned how invasive it is. Fortunately, the tree later froze and died. So be careful when people pass along something to you. Check it out before you plant it. Mexican petunias can choke out other plants, but they don’t take over an ecosystem and spread ad nauseam like Chinese privets do.” Grant, a Deep East Texas EC member, also cautions against scooping up plants from public parks and private property. “If you don’t own the land, then you shouldn’t dig up a plant unless you have the owner’s permission,” he says. SHARING CACTUSES, “In my hunts for plants, I’ve been known to knock on doors SUCCULENTS AND NATIVES and offer cash.” ye ars ago, a friend gave my hus- When is the best time to plant pass-alongs? “Most are band, James, and me a variegated forgiving about being dug up or divided,” Grant says. “So agave with green and gold leaves. even if you do it at the wrong time of year, they don’t mind i planted it in our adjoining vacant lot because pass-alongs are tough.” that we call the meadow, and it pro- duced dozens of pups. Along the ccasional losses in her gardens motivate Lin way many other pass-alongs, includ- Grado, a Wood County master gardener and ing texas natives, have found homes Wood County EC member, to share some of her O in our gardens. plants. “For instance, if something destroys my fall obedient Because they’re easy to grow and plant, I know I can go to a friend that I gave some to and get share, succulents, cactuses and most more,” she explains. “I know that’s a little selfish, but it’s native plants make ideal pass-alongs. nice to know I’ve got backups.” sedums, succulents also called Mention pass-alongs, and potted plants may come up. stonecrops, flourish and spread in “I treasure my peperomia, a tropical houseplant that was gardens. Just break off a stem and given to me by the late Ralph Pinkus,” Sperry says. “He’s one stick it in a pot or in the ground. voilà! of my heroes and was the founder of North Haven Gardens you’ve got a new plant. Aloe veras in Dallas. I’ve had that plant for 35 years.” also make good pass-alongs. Though small, a potted cactus matters greatly to Moyer, through the years we’ve received a member of CoServ, an electric cooperative in Corinth. a texas buckeye, lindheimer’s “Before my grandfather’s farm sold near East Sweden, I dug crownbeard, heartleaf hibiscus, pink up some barrel cacti,” she recalls. “Later I divided the cacti mint and bracted passionflower, to into 15 pots and passed them along to my children and my name only a few pass-along natives. sister’s children. It was all we had left of the land that our in turn we’ve gifted gregg’s mist- family had owned since 1889. flower, fragrant mistflower, flame “Sometimes,” she adds, “a pass-along plant is the only acanthus, turk’s cap and pearl milk- thing you have left of someone or something that you weed vine. i’ve also shared seeds held dear.” D with friends. As for that agave and its many pups, those aggressive spreaders W e b e x T r a Our video are gone. lesson learned: Always shows writer sheryl smith- rodgers dividing lilies and read up on your pass-along’s grow- preparing plants to pass along. ing habits. — s sr

14 TEXAS COOP POWER feBruAry 2021 texAsCOOPPOWer.COm PRESIDENTS’ DAY WWiWWindowinindindoindow Special!SSpSpeSpecSpeciSpeciaSpecial

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PANOLA-HARRISON EC News

Bylaws of Panola-Harrison Electric Cooperative As last amended per board resolution November 20, 2020

It sHall BE tHE aIm of Panola-Harrison ucts or services related to the Person using elec- (1) bring and maintain a legal action to enjoin the Electric Cooperative Inc. to make electric energy tric energy provided by the Cooperative. “Electric Member from violating the Governing available to its members at the lowest cost con- Service” shall mean electric energy and products Documents; and (2) bring and maintain a legal sistent with sound business principles. or services related to a Person using electric action to order the Member to comply with the energy provided by the Cooperative. Governing Documents. ARTICLE I: General SECTION 2.02. Membership Procedure. Except The Articles and these Bylaws are contracts SECTION 1.01. Organization of Cooperative. as otherwise provided in these Bylaws or by the between the Cooperative and a Member. By Panola-Harrison Electric Cooperative Inc. (“Coop- Cooperative’s board of directors (“Board”), a becoming a Member, the Member acknowledges erative”) is organized as a Texas Electric Cooper- qualified Person must satisfy the provisions of that: (1) every Member is a vital and integral part ative Corporation under the Texas Electric Coop- this Section to the Cooperative’s satisfaction of the Cooperative; (2) the Cooperative’s suc- erative Corporation Act. (“Membership Procedures”) to establish status as cessful operation depends upon each Member SECTION 1.02. Defined Terms. These Bylaws a Member of the Cooperative (“Membership”). To complying with the Governing Documents; and define certain words, phrases, and terms establish a Membership, a Person shall agree to: (3) Members are united in an interdependent (“Defined Terms”). In general, Defined Terms are: (a) make application for Membership, in what- relationship. (1) defined in a full sentence or part of a ever form or by whatever method determined by SECTION 2.05. Liability. A Member is not liable sentence; (2) capitalized, underlined, and the Cooperative; to third parties for the Cooperative’s acts, debts, enclosed within quotation marks when defined; (b) provide information and any deposit rea- liabilities, or obligations, except as otherwise (3) enclosed within parentheses when defined in sonably requested by the Cooperative, for the agreed to by the Cooperative and the Member. part of a sentence; and (4) capitalized when oth- purpose of establishing a new account with the A Member shall indemnify the Cooperative for, erwise used in these Bylaws. Subject to the con- Cooperative; and hold the Cooperative harmless from, liabili- text requiring otherwise, Defined Terms have the (c) shall complete any additional or supple- ties, damages, costs, or expenses, including meaning specified in these Bylaws. mental documents, agreements, or actions reasonable attorney fees and legal expenses, The following Defined Terms are defined in the required by the Cooperative for Electric Service; incurred by the Cooperative, or by a Director, Bylaw Sections noted in parentheses: (d) be a Member of the Cooperative and pur- officer, employee, agent, or representative of the Act (1.03(a)); Annual Meeting (3.02); Articles chase Electric Service from the Cooperative; and Cooperative that is caused by the Member’s (1.03); Board (2.02); Board Quorum (7.03); Capital (e) comply with and be bound by the Articles negligence, gross negligence, or willful miscon- Credits (10.02(a)); Cast Ballot (4.06); Cause (6.09); and these Bylaws and any amendments thereto duct, or by the unsafe or defective condition of a Close Relative (6.04); Cooperative (See Title of and such rate schedules, policies, and rules as location occupied or controlled by the member. Bylaws); Cooperative Records (2.11); Defined may from time to time be adopted or amended by Except that is otherwise agreed in writing Terms (1.02); Directors (3.03); Director Candidate the Board (collectively, the “Governing between the Member and the Cooperative. (6.03); Director Districts (6.01); Director Nominat- Documents”). SECTION 2.06. Use of Electric Service. A ing Petition (6.05(a)); Director Qualifications The Cooperative may waive the requirements Member shall use Electric Service provided by (6.03); Director Removal Petition (6.09); Director of the provisions in this Section and allow a Per- the Cooperative provided, however, that the Term (6.02); Director Written Consent (7.06); Dis- son to establish or maintain a Membership upon Cooperative may limit the amount of electric trict Member (4.03); Elections Committee (4.03); other terms determined by the Board which may energy which the Cooperative shall be required Electric Service (2.01); GM/CEO (8.09); Governing include the execution of an electric service to furnish to any one Member. Documents (2.02(e)); Joint Membership (2.02); agreement with the Person or Member. (a) Payment for Electric Service. Based upon Law (1.03); Margins (10.02(a)); Member (2.01); Individuals in a legally recognized relationship the different costs of providing Electric Service Member Demand (3.03); Member Notice (3.04); each of whom qualifies to be a Member may hold to different classes of Members, the Cooperative Member Property (2.08); Member Proxy (3.06); a joint membership in the Cooperative (“Joint may charge each class a different price or rate. Members’ Meeting (3.01); Members’ Resolution Membership”) or convert an individual Member- Each Member who has requested Electric Serv- (4.02); Membership (2.02); Membership Proce- ship in accordance with the Membership Proce- ice shall, as soon as Electric Service is available, dures (2.02); Nonoperating Margins (10.02(a)); dures. Holders of a Joint Membership: (1) shall be liable to the Cooperative for any minimum Officers (8.01); Official Ballot (4.05); Other Offi- enjoy the rights, benefits, and privileges, and are amounts required by the Cooperative per month cers (8.01); Person (2.01); Quorum (3.05); Record subject to the obligations, requirements, and regardless of the amount of electric energy con- Date (4.04); Required Officer(s) (8.01); Special liabilities, of being a Member; (2) shall notify the sumed or regardless of whether the Member is Meeting (3.03); Vacancy (6.10); and Voting Resi- Cooperative in writing of a cessation of the ready to receive Electric Service. At prices, rates, dence (4.01). legally recognized relationship or the death of a or amounts determined by the Board, and pur- SECTION 1.03. Law and Articles. These Bylaws holder of a Joint Membership; and (3) shall have a suant to the manner specified by the Coopera- are subject to Law and the Articles of Incorpora- single vote for all matters subject to a vote of the tive, a Member shall pay the Cooperative: (1) for tion of the Cooperative (“Articles”). If, and to the Members. Electric Service provided to a location requested extent that, a Bylaw provision conflicts with Law Other than a Joint Membership, no Member- by the Member; and (2) other amounts as may be or the Articles, then the Law or Articles control. ship may be shared or held by more than one required by the Cooperative. “Law” includes: Person simultaneously, though the rate sched- Dues, assessments, contributions, or other (a) the Texas Electric Cooperative Corporation ules, policies, and rules of the Cooperative may amounts paid by the Member to the Cooperative Act (“Act”); and allow multiple Persons to guarantee payment on may pay for periodical subscriptions received by (b) any other applicable local, state, and fed- an account. the Member from the Cooperative or from an eral constitutions, statutes, ordinances, regula- SECTION 2.03. Membership Fee. The member- entity in which the Cooperative is a member or tions, holdings, rulings, orders, and similar docu- ship fee shall be $10.00. owner. ments or actions, whether legislative, executive, SECTION 2.04. Membership Agreement. A As provided by the Board: (1) a Member may or judicial. Member shall: (1) comply with the Governing be charged and shall pay interest and late pay- Documents; and (2) pay the Cooperative for the ment fees for amounts owed, but not timely paid, ARTICLE II: Membership Cooperative’s damages, costs, or expenses, to the Cooperative; and (2) regardless of the SECTION 2.01. Member Qualifications. Except as including attorney fees and legal expenses, Cooperative’s accounting procedures, the Coop- otherwise provided in these Bylaws, an individual caused by or associated with the Member’s fail- erative may apply amounts paid by a Member to or an entity may become and remain a Member ure to comply with the Governing Documents. If a all of the Member’s accounts on a pro rata basis. of the Cooperative (“Member”) only if: (1) the Member fails to comply with the Governing Docu- (b) Resale of Electric Service. Except as the individual or entity has the capacity to enter ments, then, as provided in these Bylaws, the Cooperative may allow in writing, a Member may legally binding contracts (“Person”); and (2) the Cooperative may cancel the Membership of the not sell, lease, or otherwise transfer Electric Person uses, requests, or agrees to use electric Member. Regardless of whether money damages Service provided by the Cooperative or a right to energy provided by the Cooperative and prod- are available or adequate, the Cooperative may: the Electric Service provided by the Cooperative.

18 TEXAS COOP POWER FEBRUARy 2021 PANOLAHARRISON ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE PanolaHarrisonEC2102_ 1/15/21 12:43 PM Page 19

Panola-Harrison Electric Cooperative

SATURDAY SAve The DATe ConTACT US 410 e. Houston St., marshall Panola-harrison P.o. box 1058, marshall, tx 75671 electric office hours monday–Friday, 8 a.m.–5 p.m. Local (903) 935-7936 Cooperative Toll-Free 1-800-972-1093 Annual Meeting Web phec.us APriL General Manager Saturday, April 17 Kathy Wood 17 board of Directors LySenkoALexAnder | iStock.com Albert Tiller, President Jerry Holmes, Vice President Jay Goswick, treasurer Debbie Burch Paul Fortune Robert Ortigo Gene Stough

24/7 For information and to report outages, please call us. outage LoCAL hotline (903) 935-7936 ToLL-FRee numbers 1-800-972-1093

AboUT PAnoLA-hARRISon eC PHec, organized in 1937, owns and maintains more than 2,600 miles of line to provide electric

Geber86 | iStock.com service to more than 13,800 members in Harrison and Panola counties in texas and caddo and deSoto parishes in Louisiana.

Please Call or Text bILL PAYMenT InFoRMATIon bring your electric bill or bill stubs when visiting To Report outages the co-op office in marshall with billing inquiries or payment questions. outage, please call 1-800-972-1093 or (903) 935- IF YoU exPeRIenCe An 7936 or use Panola-Harrison Electric Cooperative’s outage texting sys- Payments can be made by mail, at our local office, by phone or on our website. We accept tem. To sign up for outage texting, see the instructions on our website, a variety of payment forms, including cash, phec.us. Our Facebook page and email are not monitored 24/7, so report- check, electronic funds transfer, credit card ing outages by those methods could prolong the time it takes to restore and check-by-phone. your power. Please call 1-866-520-1211 or (903) 935-4657 to pay by credit card or check-by-phone, or use our website, phec.us.

vISIT US onLIne phec.us Like Us on Facebook invites you to hit PAnoLA-hARRISon eLeCTRIC CooPeRATIve the Like button at facebook.com/panolaharrisonelectric. This page is monitored by our staff and contains lots of up-to-date information regarding power outages and maintenance updates as well as friendly reminders, photos, and safety and energy tips.

PHec.US • 1-800-972-1093 • (903) 935-7936 PanolaHarrisonEC2102_ 1/12/21 5:22 PM Page 20

SECTION 2.07. Provisions of Electric Service. the same effect as though such Membership bers shall be allowed an opportunity to voice A Member shall comply with reasonable proce- was originally in his or her name, as the case may concerns or raise questions about the Coopera- dures required by the Cooperative regarding the be. Cooperative Records shall be updated to tive’s operations. provision of Electric Service and take or cease reflect that the Membership shall be held in the As provided by the Act, the Cooperative shall any act required by the Cooperative to safely, name of the survivor, provided, however, that the hold an Annual Meeting, but the failure to hold an reliably, and efficiently operate the Cooperative estate of the deceased shall not be released Annual Meeting at the designated time does not and provide Electric Service to Cooperative from any Membership debts or liabilities to the result in forfeiture or dissolution of the Coopera- Members. A Member shall operate their equip- Cooperative until the satisfaction of such debts tive. Accordingly, by Board resolution outlining ment and maintain their facilities in a manner that or liabilities. the circumstances, the Board may cancel an does not interfere with the operation of the Except as otherwise provided by the Board, a Annual Meeting if the Board determines in its sole Cooperative system or with the Cooperative partnership Member continuing to use Electric discretion that holding a Members’ Meeting in providing Electric Service to other Members. Service is not suspended or terminated upon the person is not in the best interest of the Members The Cooperative shall provide Electric Service death of a partner or following any other alter- or an in-person Members’ Meeting cannot be to Members in a reasonable manner. The Cooper- ation in the partnership. A partner departing a held because of circumstances beyond the con- ative, however, does not insure, guarantee, or partnership Member remains liable to the Coop- trol of the Cooperative. warrant that it will provide adequate, continuous, erative for Electric Service provided to or for the By Board resolution outlining the or non-fluctuating electric energy or other Elec- Member before, and amounts owed to the Coop- circumstances, the Cooperative may conduct an tric Service. The Cooperative is not liable for erative by the Member at the time of, the part- Annual Meeting without Members attending in damages, costs, or expenses, including attorney ner’s departure. person if the Board determines in its sole discre- fees or legal expenses, caused by the Coopera- Termination of Membership in any manner tion that holding an Annual Meeting in person is tive providing inadequate, non-continuous, or shall not release the Member from debts or liabili- not in the best interest of the Members or an in- fluctuating electric energy or other Electric Serv- ties of such Member to the Cooperative. The person Annual Meeting cannot be held because ice, unless the damages, costs, or expenses are Cooperative may recover its costs for Coopera- of circumstances beyond the control of the caused by the Cooperative’s gross negligence or tive facilities or equipment that have not been Cooperative. An Annual Meeting conducted by willful misconduct. The Cooperative’s responsi- recovered and for removing Cooperative facilities the Cooperative where Members cannot attend bility and liability for providing Electric Service or equipment when a Member ceases to use in person may be broadcast, presented by video terminate upon delivery of the Electric Service to Electric Service at a particular location. recording, or presented in written form by: (1) a Member. SECTION 2.11. Access to Cooperative conducting any Member vote that can occur SECTION 2.08. Right of Entry and Grant of Records. In general, any Member of the Coopera- consistent with these Bylaws; and (2) accom- Property Rights. As required by the Cooperative tive may inspect and/or obtain copies of the plishing the purpose of the Annual Meeting and in partial consideration for providing Electric Cooperative’s books, records, and/or Member- through written reports or correspondence. How- Service, a Member shall provide the Cooperative ship list (“Cooperative Records”) if for a proper ever, if a Member vote is to take place at an access to or use of real property in which the purpose that serves the interests of the Cooper- Annual Meeting where Members cannot attend in Member holds an interest sufficient to grant such ative and its Members. A Membership list pro- person then the Annual Meeting shall be held use (“Member Property”) for the purposes of: (1) vided by the Cooperative may only include the utilizing technology that allows Members to be restoration efforts; (2) addressing an emergency names and addresses of Members. The Cooper- identified and communicate with all meeting situation; or (3) for any other reasonable ative’s policies may establish procedures by participants remotely. purposes required to provide Electric Service. which a Member may inspect and/or obtain SECTION 3.03. Special Meetings. The Cooper- In partial consideration for providing Electric copies of Cooperative Records. The procedures ative shall hold a special meeting of the Members Service, pursuant to Law and any terms and con- for inspecting and/or obtaining copies of Cooper- (“Special Meeting”) upon receiving: (1) a written or ditions specified by the Cooperative, a Member ative Records may require the Member to provide oral request from the President; (2) a written or shall grant or convey to the Cooperative a written a sworn affidavit stating that the purpose for oral request from a majority of the members of easement, right-of-way, or license for use of requesting Cooperative Records is for a proper the Board (“Directors”); or (3) one or more written Member Property as necessary and as reason- purpose that serves the interest of the Coopera- demands signed and dated within thirty (30) days ably agreed upon between the Cooperative and tive and its Members. The Cooperative may after the first signature by at least ten percent the Member for the purpose of providing Electric require a reasonable charge, determined by the (10%) of the Members, with each page of each Service to the Member or one or more other Cooperative, covering the labor and material written demand requesting and describing the Members. A Member requesting Electric Service costs of producing, reproducing, copying, or purpose of the meeting (“Member Demand”). shall work with the Cooperative to obtain the transmitting Cooperative Records. Nothing in this The Board shall determine the location, date, necessary easements, rights-of-way, or licenses Section shall prevent or limit the ability of the and time of a Special Meeting. A Special Meeting for use of property necessary to deliver Electric Cooperative to establish a policy or procedure may be held within any county in which the Coop- Service. that limits or restricts disclosure of Cooperative erative provides Electric Service. SECTION 2.09. Dispute Resolution. A Member Records that may be considered confidential, SECTION 3.04. Notice of Members’ Meeting. may submit a claim or dispute between the Mem- proprietary, or protected by agreement. Written or printed notice stating the place, day, ber and the Cooperative regarding the Governing and hour of a Members’ Meeting and, in case of a Documents or Electric Service to the Board for ARTICLE III: Members’ Meetings Special Meeting, the purpose or purposes for resolution. The Board may establish a policy SECTION 3.01. Member Meetings. The Coopera- which the meeting is called (“Member Notice”) establishing a procedure for submitting a claim or tive shall hold an annual meeting of the Members shall be delivered not less than ten (10) days and dispute to the Board. If the Board is unable to and may hold a special meeting of the Members not more than thirty (30) days before the date of resolve the dispute, then the Cooperative and the (collectively or individually, “Members’ Meeting”). the meeting, either personally or by mail. If Member shall cooperate to select one or more SECTION 3.02. Annual Meeting. The annual mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be deliv- mediators to help resolve the dispute. If no reso- meeting of the Members (“Annual Meeting”) ered when deposited in the United States mail, lution of the dispute occurs through mediation, shall be held in April of each year, or if neces- addressed to the Member at the Member’s any party may demand binding arbitration as sary due to scheduling and event conflicts, at address as it appears in Cooperative Records. A provided under the laws of the State of Texas. such location(s), date(s), and time(s) established Member Notice may be delivered electronically SECTION 2.10. Member Termination/Cessa- by the Board. The Annual Meeting will be held at or by other means and shall be deemed to be tion of Electric Service. A Membership is termi- such location(s) in any county in which the delivered when submitted for delivery. The failure nated upon the Cooperative learning of the Mem- Cooperative provides Electric Service. Failure to of any Member to receive a Member Notice shall ber’s death, legal dissolution, or legal cessation hold the Annual Meeting at the designated not invalidate any action which may be taken by of existence. The Cooperative may terminate a time(s) shall not work a forfeiture or dissolution the Members at such meeting. Membership if the Member ceases to use Elec- of the Cooperative. SECTION 3.05. General Quorum Requirement. tric Service for any reason or if the Member fails At the Annual Meeting: (1) a vote of the Mem- A “Quorum” shall mean that established by the to comply with the Governing Documents. bers by Official Ballot may be conducted; (2) a Members in the Articles. The Cooperative’s Arti- When a Membership is a Joint Membership, written or oral report regarding the activities of cles currently provide as follows: upon the death of either individual in the legally the Cooperative shall be provided; (3) a written or “Three hundred members of the [c]orporation recognized relationship, such Membership shall oral report regarding the financial condition of present in person shall constitute a quorum for be deemed to be held solely by the survivor with the Cooperative shall be provided; and (4) Mem- the transactions of business at all meetings of

20 TEXAS COOP POWER FEBRUARy 2021 PANOLAHARRISON ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE PanolaHarrisonEC2102_ 1/12/21 5:22 PM Page 21

the [M]embers.” Voting Residence, but a Member may only have SECTION 3.06. Proxies. Except as otherwise one Voting Residence. provided in these Bylaws, a Member may grant a SECTION 4.02. Matters Requiring a Vote. Mat- proxy to the Board for the purpose of establish- ters requiring a vote of the Members shall be: (1) ing a Quorum at a Members’ Meeting, authorizing those required by Law; (2) those required by the the transaction of business at a Members’ Meet- Articles; (3) those required by these Bylaws; (4) ing and authorizing the Board to vote on the the election of Directors; (5) those determined by Member’s behalf on matters submitted to a vote Board resolution; or (6) those determined by a of the Members, other than the election of Direc- properly adopted resolution of the Members tors (“Member Proxy”). Except in instances (“Members’ Resolution”). specifically mandated by Law or the Articles, a SECTION 4.03. Elections Committee. It shall be Member may not appoint another Person to vote the duty of the Board to appoint an “Elections on any matter for the Member. Committee” when necessary to conduct a Direc- SECTION 3.07. Agenda, Attendance, and tor election or a vote of the Members. The Elec- Transaction of Business at Members’ Meetings. tions Committee shall be made up of one Mem- Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, ber from each Director District who has a Voting before or at a Members’ Meeting, the Board: (1) Residence in the Director District (“District Mem- shall determine the agenda, program, or order of ber”) and shall serve a one (1) year term. Elec- business for the Members’ Meeting; and (2) may tions Committee members may not be an exist- limit attendance at the Members’ Meeting to ing, or a Close Relative of an existing: (1) Director; Members entitled to participate in the meeting. (2) Officer; or (3) known Director Candidate. The Except as otherwise provided by the Board or Board may replace a member of the Elections the President before or at a Members’ Meeting, Committee if a vacancy occurs any time during the President: (1) shall preside at a Members’ the calendar year, but at all times each Director Meeting; (2) may remove a person from the meet- District shall be represented. The Elections Com- ing of the Members for unruly, disruptive, or simi- mittee shall: lar behavior; and (3) may exercise power reason- (a) have the authority to arrange for proce- Panola-Harrison ably necessary for efficiently and effectively dures that will ensure that Member votes and the conducting the Members’ Meeting. election of Directors comply with these Bylaws Electric Cooperative Except as otherwise provided by these Bylaws, and that such votes and elections are conducted Members attending a Members’ Meeting at which with integrity; Director District Map a Quorum has been established may only con- (b) have the authority to appoint subcommit- District 1 Paul Fortune sider, vote, or act upon the following: (1) an Offi- tees or employ the services of an independent cial Ballot for a required Member vote or to elect organization to ensure that Member votes and District 2 Albert Tiller, President Directors; (2) procedural matters; and (3) a Mem- the election of Directors comply with these District 3 Jay Goswick, Treasurer ber Resolution calling for a vote of all Members Bylaws; District 4 Robert Ortigo on matters described in the Member Notice. (c) prepare a ballot or arrange for a ballot to be However, Members attending a Members’ Meet- prepared that contains the matters requiring a District 5 Debbie Burch ing at which a Quorum has been established may Member vote; District 6 Jerry Holmes, Vice President raise or discuss and vote on a Members’ Resolu- (d) nominate at least one Member for each District 7 Gene Stough tion calling for a vote of the Members on any Director position that is up for election, corre- matters if: (1) at least ten percent (10%) of the sponding with the Annual Members entitled to participate in the Members’ Meeting; Meeting sign one or more written requests to (e) have the authority to nominate at least one raise or discuss the Member Resolution; and (2) Member for any Director position that is up for the Cooperative receives all written requests at election; least ten (10) days before the Members’ Meeting. (f) verify that a Member nominated for a Direc- Nondiscrimination SECTION 3.08. Member Waiver of Notice. tor election meets the Director Qualifications and Unless a Member objects to holding a Members’ that the Member’s nomination complies with Information Meeting, or to transacting business at the Mem- these Bylaws; Panola-Harrison ElEctric bers’ Meeting, the Member’s attendance in per- (g) prepare a ballot or arrange for ballots to be Coopera- son, by Cast Ballot, or by Member Proxy waives prepared that reflects the names of Director tive is an equal-opportunity provider and the Member’s objection to lack of notice, or to Candidates; and employer. If you wish to file a Civil Rights defective notice, of the Member’ Meeting. Unless (h) shall perform other duties related to Mem- a Member objects to considering, voting or act- ber votes and the election of Directors as may be program complaint of discrimination, com- ing upon a matter at a Members’ Meeting, the required by the Board. plete the USDA Program Discrimination Member’s participation in the vote or attendance SECTION 4.04. Record Date. The “Record complaint form online at ascr.usda.gov/ in person at the Members’ Meeting waives the Date” shall be the date for determining Members Member’s objection to considering, voting or entitled to: (1) receive an appointment or desig- complaint_ filing_ cust.html or at any acting upon the matter at the Members’ Meeting. nation; (2) sign a Director Nominating Petition, USDA office, or call 1-866-632-9992 to Director Removal Petition, request, Member request the form. You may also write a ARTICLE IV: Member Voting Demand, or other similar document; (3) be mailed SECTION 4.01. Member Votes. Each Member an Official Ballot, Member Notice, or other similar letter containing all of the information shall be entitled to one (1) vote on matters sub- document; or (4) cast an Official Ballot or vote. requested in the form. Send your com- mitted to a Member vote or in each Director elec- The Board may fix the Record Date, but the pleted complaint form or letter by mail to tion for each specific Director position which a Record Date shall comply with any applicable Law Member is entitled to vote. A Member may be and shall not be more than twenty (20) days U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, required to provide evidence of Membership in before the date a document is due or the date the Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independ- order to vote and to vote as an entity Member, an action is taken. Unless otherwise established by ence Ave. SW, Washington, D.C., 20250- individual may be required to provide evidence the Board, the Record Date shall be the date pre- requested by and satisfactory to the Cooperative ceding the date a document is due or date the 9410; by fax to (202) 690-7442; or by that the individual is authorized to vote on behalf action is taken. Unless otherwise established by email to [email protected]. of the entity Member. the Board, the Record Date for voting at a Mem- A Member shall be deemed to have a “Voting bers’ Meeting shall be the date of the meeting. Residence” where a Member uses Electric Serv- SECTION 4.05. Ballot Voting. Except as other- ice. A Member who uses Electric Service in more wise provided by these Bylaws, a Member shall than one location may designate the Member’s vote on matters or elect Directors by casting a

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ballot authorized by the Cooperative (“Official establish and adopt such rates, fees, deposit misdemeanor involving moral turpitude; Ballot”). An Official Ballot may be printed or made requirements, and other charges, not inconsis- (f) may not be a Close Relative of an existing available in electronic form. An Official Ballot tent with Law, the Articles, or these Bylaws, as Director or Officer of the Cooperative; shall: may be necessary and as determined to be in the (g) may not currently be subject of a (a) have reasonable security feature(s) to pro- best interest of the Cooperative. Written notice bankruptcy proceeding under the laws of the tect against fraud; shall be provided as may be required by Law or United States of America; (b) set forth and describe the matters upon by any agreements with third parties prior to the (h) except as otherwise provided by the Board which the Member is being asked to vote; date upon which any proposed change in rates for good cause, participate in at least a majority (c) instruct the Member on how an Official charged by the Cooperative becomes effective. of all Board meetings during each twelve (12) Ballot may be cast; SECTION 5.04. Authority to Execute Docu- month period beginning the day following the (d) state when the Cooperative or a third party ments. Except as otherwise provided by Law or Annual Meeting; designated by the Cooperative must receive the the Articles, the Board may delegate authority to (i) except as otherwise provided by the Board Official Ballot; any Officer or Officers, employee or employees for good cause, attend educational courses (e) if applicable, provide an opportunity to of the Cooperative to enter into any contract or and/or obtain certifications related to serving as vote for or against, or to abstain from voting on execute and deliver any instrument in the name a Director of a nonprofit electric cooperative; a matter; of and on behalf of the Cooperative and such (j) agrees not to seek employment by the (f) if applicable, clearly explain how a Member authority may be general or confined to specific Cooperative or a Cooperative subsidiary during may vote in a Director election and provide biog- instances. the three (3) years immediately after ceasing to raphical information for each Director Candidate; be a Director; and ARTICLE VI: Directors and Director Elections (k) may not be a party in a mediation, arbitra- (g) state when and how the results of a Mem- SECTION 6.01. Director Districts. The area in tion, lawsuit, or other legal action against or ber vote or a Director election will be made avail- which the Cooperative provides Electric Service brought by the Cooperative while a Director or able to the Members or the date and time of the shall be divided into (7) districts (“Director Dis- during the one (1) year immediately before Members’ Meeting at which the results will be tricts”) by the Board. Each Director District shall becoming a Director; announced. be represented by one (1) Director. The Board as (l) may not be or may not have a Close Relative SECTION 4.06. Casting Ballots. A Member necessary may revise the Director Districts who is, a representative, agent, officer, or in any shall vote on matters by casting an Official Ballot based upon geographic area, Membership, eco- way employed or compensated by a labor organi- in any manner determined by the Elections Com- nomic development, permanent or full residency, zation that is the recognized bargaining repre- mittee. The Elections Committee at its sole dis- seasonal or partial residency or other equitable sentative for any unit of the Cooperative’s cretion may require an Official Ballot to be cast: considerations determined by the Board to employees or by an affiliate of any such labor (1) in person at a Members’ Meeting where a ensure that the Director Districts provide equi- organization; and Quorum is established; (2) by mailing the Official table Director representation on the Board from (m) completes and signs a certification/disclo- Ballot to a designated address; (3) by submitting throughout the area in which the Cooperative sure form approved by the Board concerning the Official Ballot digitally; or (4) in any other man- provides Electric Service. conflicts of interest and these Director Qualifica- ner that allows the Member vote to comply with SECTION 6.02. Director Terms. Except as oth- tions. An existing Director shall complete and these Bylaws. The Elections Committee or an erwise provided in these Bylaws, a Director’s sign the certification/disclosure form annually. independent organization authorized by the Elec- term shall be that established by the Members in SECTION 6.04. Close Relative. “Close Relative” tions Committee shall verify that a ballot is an the Articles (“Director Term”). If the Members means an individual who: Official Ballot that was properly cast by a Member have not established a Director Term in the Arti- (a) through blood, law, or marriage, is a spouse, in compliance with these Bylaws (“Cast Ballot”). cles, then the Director Term shall be three (3) child, stepchild, father, stepfather, mother, step- SECTION 4.07. Members’ Meeting Voice Vot- years. A Director Term begins immediately after mother, brother, stepbrother, half-brother, sister, ing. At a Members’ Meeting at which a Quorum adjournment of the Members’ Meeting at which stepsister, half-sister, grandparent, grandchild, has been established, the individual presiding the Director’s election is announced. A Director father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law, sis- over a vote may allow Members to vote by voice Term ends immediately after adjournment of the ter-in-law, son-in-law, or daughter-in-law; or on matters other than the election of Directors. If Members’ Meeting at which a successor Direc- (b) resides in the same residence. the individual presiding over the Member vote tor’s election is announced. An individual qualified and elected, determines in good faith, that a voice vote is not SECTION 6.03. Director Qualifications. To designated, or appointed to a position does not sufficient to accurately determine the vote become or remain a Director, an individual must become a Close Relative while serving in the results, then the Members shall vote by written comply with the qualifications outlined below. A position because of a marriage or legal action to ballot, or by any other reasonable manner deter- Member or current Director that meets the quali- which the individual was not a party. mined by the Board. fications below and that is nominated in accor- SECTION 6.05. Nomination of Director Candi- SECTION 4.08. Results. Except as otherwise dance with these Bylaws shall be considered a dates. Nominations for a Director election may provided by Law, the Articles, or these Bylaws, a “Director Candidate.” be made by written petition, or the Elections vote of the Members, other than a Members’ “Director Qualifications”: Committee. Meeting vote is decided: (1) if a Quorum is repre- (a) if nominated, agrees to serve as a Director (a) Nomination by Petition. Any fifty (50) or sented by the number of Cast Ballots; and (2) by a if elected; more of the Members from any Director District majority of Cast Ballots with the same vote. The (b) be a Member, that is an individual who has acting together may nominate a Member by peti- results of a Member vote or a Director election the capacity to enter legally binding contracts, in tion for a Director election (“Director Nominating shall be made available to the Members within good standing with the Cooperative, having his or Petition”). A Director Nominating Petition must be five (5) days of the final tabulation of the votes. her primary residence for at least twenty-four received at the principal office of the Coopera- (24) consecutive months preceding the Director tive, not less than ninety (90) days prior to the ARTICLE V: Board of Directors election in the Director District that he or she Annual Meeting. The Director Nominating Petition SECTION 5.01. Board. The business and affairs of would represent. The Elections Committee shall shall clearly state the Director District in which the Cooperative shall be managed and governed make a fact determination of primary residence the Member resides and desires to represent as a by the Board, consisting of the number of Direc- based on factors including voter registration, Director and must include the printed name, tors established in the Articles. The Board shall homestead exemption, other public records, and account number, signature, and date of the Mem- exercise all of the powers of the Cooperative Electric Service history. The Board shall serve as bers signing. A Director Nominating Petition shall except such as are by Law or the Articles are an arbiter of any disputes over primary residence; be in the form provided by the Cooperative and conferred upon or reserved to the Members. (c) may not be employed by or financially inter- said form shall be made available at all of the SECTION 5.02. Rules and Regulations. The ested in a competing enterprise or an enterprise Cooperative’s offices. A Director Nominating Board shall have power to establish and adopt that may be entitled to sell electric energy to a Petition will only be valid if the signatures were such policies, rules, and regulations, not incon- Member; obtained following the previous year’s Annual sistent with Law, the Articles or these Bylaws, as (d) is not an employee or has not been a for- Meeting. The potential Director Candidate shall it may deem advisable for the management and mer employee of the Cooperative within the five provide with the Director Nominating Petition a proper governance of the Cooperative. (5) years prior to the election at which such Mem- completed certification/disclosure form SECTION 5.03. Rates, Fees, Deposits, and ber is to be placed on the ballot; approved by the Board concerning conflicts of Other Charges. The Board shall have the power to (e) may not have been convicted of a felony or interest and Director Qualifications.

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(b) Elections Committee Nomination. Not less have been tabulated and shall specify if a Direc- SECTION 6.10. Director Vacancy. Except as than sixty (60) days prior to the Annual Meeting, tor Candidate was elected by consent. otherwise provided in these Bylaws, if a Vacancy the Elections Committee shall nominate at least SECTION 6.08. Director Disqualification. After on the Board occurs, (“Vacancy”) then within a one Member for each Director position that is up being elected, designated, or appointed, if a reasonable time thereafter, such Vacancy shall be for election. Director does not comply with all of the Director filled by the affirmative vote of the majority of the The Elections Committee shall prepare and Qualifications then except as otherwise provided remaining Directors. A Member elected by the arrange for the posting at the principal office of by the Board for good cause, the Board may dis- Board to fill a Vacancy shall meet the Director the Cooperative at least thirty (30) days before qualify the Director from serving as a Director Qualifications and shall serve until the next regu- the meeting of the Members, an announcement and his or her position shall be declared vacant if: lar election of Directors for that Director position. which shall include the Director Candidates to be (a) the Board notifies the Director in writing of As used in this Bylaw, Vacancy does not include a considered in the Director election. the basis for, and provides the Director an oppor- Director position vacated due to an expired The methods hereinabove provided for the tunity to comment regarding, the Board’s pro- Director Term. nomination of Members for a Director election posed disqualification; and SECTION 6.11. Director Compensation. The shall be exclusive and any other method for nom- (b) within thirty (30) days after the Board noti- Cooperative may reasonably reimburse, compen- inating Members for a Director election shall be fies the Director of the proposed disqualification, sate, or provide insurance or other benefits to a and is hereby prohibited. the Director fails to provide proof of compliance Director for his or her time in serving the Cooper- SECTION 6.06. Election of Directors. Directors with the Director Qualifications. ative. The Board shall determine or approve the from District 3, 5 and 7 shall be elected at the Any disqualification under this section must be manner, method, and amount of any reimburse- Annual Meeting of the Cooperative in 1979 and unanimously approved by the remainder of Direc- ments, compensation, insurance, or other bene- every third year thereafter. The Directors from tors, and the Board may not disqualify a Director fits provided to Directors. District 1 and 4 shall be elected at the Annual for lawfully opposing a transfer of Cooperative Meeting of the Cooperative in 1980 and every assets or a Cooperative dissolution. ARTICLE VII: Board Meetings third year thereafter. The Directors from District 2 Disqualification of a Director does not affect SECTION 7.01. Regular Board Meetings. A regular and 6 shall be elected at the Annual Meeting of the validity of a previous Board action. Board meeting shall be held monthly at the prin- the Cooperative in 1981 and every third year SECTION 6.09. Removal of Directors by Mem- cipal office of the Cooperative at such time, as thereafter. All Directors shall be elected by Offi- bers. A Director may only be removed by the the Board shall provide. Except as otherwise cial Ballot and shall be elected to represent the Members for committing an act or omission provided in these Bylaws, the Board may hold Director Districts by all of the Members. The adversely affecting the business affairs of the regular Board meetings without additional notice Elections Committee shall have the names of Cooperative amounting to gross negligence, other than that reflected in Board records. For each Director Candidate for each Director posi- fraud, or criminal misconduct (“Cause”). A Direc- good cause, the President may change the date, tion to be elected that year placed on an Official tor may not be removed for lawfully opposing a time, or location of a Board meeting. All Directors Ballot. Any Director Candidate who is an incum- transfer of the Cooperative’s assets or a Cooper- are entitled to receive oral or written notice of a bent on the Board shall be so designated as the ative dissolution. A Member may bring charges to change to a regular Board meeting’s date, time, or incumbent on the Official Ballot. The Director remove a Director by delivering to the President, location at least one (1) day prior to the resched- Candidate receiving the most votes for a Director Secretary, or any Director such charges in the uled or relocated Board meeting. position shall be elected to serve on the Board as form of a dated written petition (“Director SECTION 7.02. Special Board Meetings. Spe- a Director. In the event of a tie, the Director shall Removal Petition”): cial meetings of the Board may be called by the be determined by a drawing by lot, to be con- (a) identifying the Director on each page; President or any three (3) Directors by providing ducted by an independent organization deter- (b) explaining, on each page, the Cause(s) for each Director oral or written notice of the date, mined by the Elections Committee. In conducting the Director’s removal; and time, and location of the special Board meeting at a drawing by lot, a representative of the inde- (c) containing the printed names, printed least one (1) day prior to the special Board meet- pendent organization will place in a box as many addresses, and original and dated signatures ing. The person or persons authorized to call slips of paper as there are Director Candidates obtained within sixty (60) days following the special meetings of the Board may fix the time who have the most votes which are the same for Director Removal Petition date, of at least ten and place for the holding of any special meeting a Director position, with a single slip marked percent (10%) of the Members. of the Board. “elected” and the remaining slips marked “not Upon receipt of a Director Removal Petition, SECTION 7.03. Board Quorum. A majority of elected.” In alphabetical order by last name, each the appropriate Members’ Meeting shall be held the Directors entitled to vote on a matter serving of the Director Candidates in the tie shall blindly within a reasonable time and the Member Notice as a Director immediately before a Board meeting draw one slip from the box. The Director Candi- shall provide that a Members’ Resolution to shall constitute a “Board Quorum” for the trans- date drawing the slip marked “elected” shall be remove the Director will be considered at the action of business at any meeting of the Board, elected to serve on the Board as a Director. meeting. A Director shall be informed in writing of provided that if less than a majority of the Direc- SECTION 6.07. Election by Consent. In any the charges at least ten (10) days prior to the tors are present at a Board meeting, a majority of year in which there is only one Director Candidate Members’ Meeting at which the Members’ Reso- the Directors present may adjourn the Board for a specific Director position, the Elections lution is to be considered and shall have an meeting. Committee, or an independent organization opportunity at the meeting to be heard in person SECTION 7.04. Manner of Acting. The act of authorized by the Elections Committee, may or by counsel and to present evidence in respect the majority of the Directors present at a Board certify to the Board that the election for that to the charges; and the Member(s) bringing the meeting at which a Board Quorum is present shall Director position is uncontested. In the event an charges shall have the same opportunity. A Mem- be the act of the Board. election is certified as uncontested the Board bers’ Resolution to remove a Director may only SECTION 7.05. Telephonic or Electronic Com- may declare the election uncontested and the be considered and voted upon at a Members’ munication in Board Meetings. A Board meeting Members shall have been deemed to have Meeting where a Quorum of the Members is pres- may be conducted with Directors participating elected the single Director Candidate for the ent, in-person. A Members’ Resolution to remove but not physically present but deemed present in Director position by consent. The Board may a Director shall require the affirmative vote of person through a means of communication by direct the Elections Committee to suspend distri- two-thirds (2/3) of the Members present at a which all Directors participating in the Board bution of the Official Ballots for a Director elec- Members’ Meeting for adoption. A Vacancy cre- meeting may simultaneously hear, reasonably tion that it has declared uncontested. ated by the adoption of a Members’ Resolution to and verifiably identify themselves, and generally In any year in which a Quorum is not present at remove a Director shall remain unfilled until the simultaneously and instantaneously communi- an Annual Meeting where an Official Ballot is to next election of Directors corresponding with the cate with each other during a Board meeting. be cast in-person in a Director election then the next Annual Meeting, at which time the Members SECTION 7.06. Board Action by Written Con- Members shall have been deemed to have shall elect a Director to replace the Director that sent. The Board may take action required or per- elected the incumbent Director Candidate for the was removed. The Board may authorize a special mitted to be taken at a Board meeting without an Director position by consent. Director election to occur earlier than the elec- in-person meeting if the action is (1) taken by all The results of a Director election in which a tion of Directors corresponding with the next Directors; and (2) evidenced by one or more writ- Director Candidate is elected by consent shall be Annual Meeting to replace the Director that was ten consents (“Director Written Consent”): (A) made available to the Members or shall be removed. A Director elected to replace a Director describing the action taken; (B) delivered to the announced at a Members’ Meeting within five (5) that was removed shall serve for the unexpired Cooperative; and (C) included with the Board days of when the Director election votes would term of the Director that was removed. minutes of the next Board meeting. Unless a

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different effective date is provided in the Director Secretary: SECTION 9.04. Accounting Systems and Written Consent, action taken by Director Written (a) shall be responsible for preparing, or super- Reports. The Cooperative shall maintain a com- Consent is effective when the last Director deliv- vising the preparation of, minutes of meetings of plete accounting system which, among other ers the Director Written Consent. A Director Writ- the Members and the Board; things subject to applicable Laws, shall conform ten Consent has the effect of, and may be (b) shall be responsible for authenticating to such accounting system as may from time to described as, a vote of the Directors at a Board Cooperative Records as appropriate; and time be designated by a regulatory body or as meeting. (c) shall perform all other duties, have all other may be required by the Cooperative’s lenders. SECTION 7.07. Waiver of Board Meeting responsibilities, and may exercise all authority The Board shall regularly examine the financial Notice. At any time, a Director may waive notice prescribed by the Board. reports of the Cooperative and shall yearly pro- of a Board meeting by delivering to the Coopera- SECTION 8.08. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall vide for an audit of the Cooperative’s finances. tive a written waiver of notice. A Director’s atten- perform such duties, shall have such responsibili- SECTION 9.05. Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, dance at, or participation in, a Board meeting ties, and may exercise all authority prescribed by drafts or other orders for the payment of money, waives notice of the Board meeting and any mat- the Board. and all notes, bonds or other evidence of indebt- ter considered at the Board meeting, unless the SECTION 8.09. Manager. The Board shall edness issued in the name of the Cooperative Director: select and appoint a general manager who shall shall be signed by such Officer or Officers, agent (a) upon arriving at the Board meeting or perform the duties of chief executive officer of or agents, employee or employees of the Coop- before the vote on a particular matter, objects to the Cooperative (“GM/CEO”). Except as otherwise erative in such manner as determined or as dele- the lack of, or defective, notice of the Board provided or delegated by the Board, the GM/CEO: gated by the Board. meeting or a matter being considered at the (a) shall not be a Director but shall be an Offi- SECTION 9.06. Bonds. At the Cooperative’s Board meeting; and cer of the Cooperative; expense, the Cooperative may purchase a bond (b) does not vote for, or assent to, an objected (b) shall be responsible for managing the day- covering an Officer or employee. matter. to-day operations of the Cooperative; (c) on the Cooperative’s behalf, may sign a ARTICLE X: Nonprofit Operation ARTICLE VIII: Officers document properly authorized or approved by SECTION 10.01. Nonprofit and Cooperative SECTION 8.01. Officers. The officers of the Board the Board; Operation. The Cooperative shall at all times be and the Cooperative shall be a President, Vice (d) with the Board’s approval, may create other operated on a cooperative nonprofit basis for the President, Secretary, and Treasurer (“Required offices and appoint, retain, or employ Other Offi- mutual benefit of its Members. No interest or Officer(s)”). The offices of Secretary and Treas- cers to carry out the day-to-day operations of dividends shall be paid or payable by the Cooper- urer may be held by the same individual. The the Cooperative or to assist the Required Offi- ative on any capital furnished by its Members. Board may appoint or elect other officers to cers in performing their responsibilities; and SECTION 10.02. Allocating Capital Credits. In serve as officers of the Cooperative or the Board (e) shall perform all other duties, have all other the furnishing of electric energy, the Coopera- (“Other Officers”). “Officer(s)” shall mean responsibilities, and may exercise all authority tive’s operations shall be so conducted that all Required Officers and Other Officers. prescribed by the Board. Members will through their patronage furnish SECTION 8.02. Election and Term of Office. SECTION 8.10. Officer Compensation. The capital for the Cooperative. The Board shall elect Required Officers: (1) at the compensation, if any, of any Officer shall be (a) Allocation of Margins. The Cooperative is first Board meeting following each Annual Meet- determined by the Board. obligated to account, to all Members, for all rev- ing, or as soon after each Annual Meeting as enues from furnishing electric energy or from reasonably possible and convenient; and (2) by ARTICLE IX: Indemnification, Insurance and providing other goods and services in excess of affirmative vote of a majority of Directors in Accounting operating costs and expenses properly charge- office. A Required Officer must be a Director. SECTION 9.01. Indemnification. To the extent able against furnishing electric energy or against SECTION 8.03. Removal. The Board may permitted by Law, any Director or Cooperative providing such other goods and services during remove a Required Officer elected by the Board employee (and the heirs, executors, and adminis- the fiscal year, all as determined under federal by a two-thirds (2/3) affirmative vote of all Direc- trators of such Cooperative Director or cooperative tax law (“Margins”). The Cooperative tors. Other Officers serve at the pleasure of the employee) made or threatened to be made a shall allocate Margins to its Members in propor- Board and may be removed by a majority vote of party to any action, suit, or proceeding by reason tion to the amount of business done with each the Directors present at a meeting. of the fact that he or she is or was a Director or Member during the fiscal year and allocate by SECTION 8.04. Officer Vacancies. Except as Cooperative employee shall be indemnified by credits to a capital account for each Member the otherwise provided in these Bylaws, a vacancy in the Cooperative against any and all liability and amount of Margins allocated to a Member. For any office may be filled by the Board for the unex- the reasonable expenses, including attorney fees each amount of Margins allocated to a Member, pired portion of the term. and disbursements, incurred by the Director or the Member shall contribute a corresponding SECTION 8.05. President. Except as otherwise Cooperative employee (or by the heirs, execu- amount to the Cooperative as capital. At the time provided or delegated by the Board or these tors, or administrators of such Director or Coop- of receipt by the Cooperative, each capital con- Bylaws, the President: erative employee) in connection with the defense tribution is treated as though the Cooperative (a) shall be the principal executive officer of or settlement of such action, suit, or proceeding, paid the amount allocated to the Member in cash the Board and shall preside, at Board meetings or in connection with any appearance therein. pursuant to a pre-existing legal obligation and and Members’ Meetings. The President may SECTION 9.02. Limits on Indemnification. the Member then contributed the corresponding designate any other Required Officer to preside Notwithstanding the above, the Cooperative will amount to the Cooperative as capital. The term at a Board meeting and may designate any indi- indemnify a Director or Cooperative employee “Capital Credits” shall mean the amount of Mar- vidual to preside at a Members’ Meeting; only if the Director or Cooperative employee gins allocated to a Member and contributed by (b) on the Cooperative’s behalf, may sign a acted in good faith and reasonably believed that the Member to the Cooperative as capital. The document properly authorized or approved by his or her conduct was in the Cooperative’s best Cooperative shall maintain books and records the Board or the Members; and interests. In the case of a criminal proceeding, reflecting the Capital Credits of each Member for (c) shall perform all other duties, shall have all the Director or Cooperative employee may be each fiscal year. other responsibilities, and may exercise all other indemnified only if he or she had no reasonable Notwithstanding the above certain “Nonoper- authority prescribed by the Board. cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. ating Margins”, as determined under federal SECTION 8.06. Vice President. Except as oth- SECTION 9.03. Insurance. Regardless of cooperative tax law, may be: (1) retained or used erwise provided or delegated by the Board, the indemnification authority or requirement, the as permanent, non-allocated capital; (2) used to Vice President: Cooperative may purchase and maintain insur- pay or offset any losses incurred by the Coopera- (a) in the absence of the President, or in the ance on behalf of an individual who is or was a tive during the current or any prior fiscal year; or event of his or her inability or improper refusal to Director or Cooperative employee. This insur- (3) used as otherwise determined by the Board, act, shall perform the duties and have the powers ance is against a liability, including judgment, prior to allocating these certain Nonoperating of the President; and settlement, or otherwise, or reasonable Margins to Members. (b) shall perform all other duties, shall have all expenses, including reasonable attorney fees, The manner and method of allocating Margins other responsibilities, and may exercise all other asserted against or incurred by the Cooperative is at the sole discretion of the Board so long as it authority prescribed by the Board. or the individual in his or her individual capacity, is consistent with these Bylaws. The Cooperative SECTION 8.07. Secretary. Except as other- or arising from the individual’s status, as a Direc- must allocate Capital Credits in a Member’s name wise provided or delegated by the Board, the tor or Cooperative employee. as shown in Cooperative Records, regardless of

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the member’s marital status. the entity’s dissolution, liquidation, or other ces- hereon the name of the cooperative and the the cooperative may use or invest unretired sation of existence. the cooperative may not words “corporate Seal, texas.” capital credits as determined by the Board. specially retire and pay capital credits allocated (b) allocation of Losses. no allocations will be to an entity member or former entity member ARTICLE XV: Amendments made to member’s capital account if the during or after the entity’s reorganization, trans- the Bylaws may be altered, amended, or expenses properly chargeable against furnishing fer, merger, or consolidation. repealed by not less than the affirmative vote of electric energy or against providing other goods (d) capital credits recoupment and offset. two-thirds (2/3) of all Directors. Except as other- and services exceed the revenues from furnish- regardless of a statute of limitation or other time wise provided by the Board, an amendment to ing electric energy or providing other goods and limitation, after retiring capital credits allocated these Bylaws is effective immediately upon the services during a fiscal year, all as determined to a member or former member, the cooperative vote approving the amendment. under federal cooperative tax law. the coopera- may recoup, offset, or set off an amount owed to tive, as determined by the Board and as allowed the cooperative by the member or former mem- ARTICLE XVI: Miscellaneous by Law or its lenders, may: (1) offset the loss with ber, including any compounded interest and late SEction 16.01. Governing Law. these Bylaws the cooperative’s margins, if any, from future payment fees, by reducing the amount of retired shall be governed by, and interpreted under, the fiscal years; or (2) offset the loss with certain capital credits paid to the member or former laws of the State of texas. nonoperating margins from the current or future member by the amount owed to the cooperative. SEction 16.02. Successors and assigns. fiscal years. (e) Different and Separate capital credits Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws: (1) (c) notification of allocated capital credits. retirement. if the cooperative separately identi- the duties, obligations, and liabilities imposed the cooperative shall, within a reasonable time fied and allocated capital credits representing upon, and the rights granted to, the cooperative after the close of the fiscal year, notify each capital credits or similar amounts allocated to by these Bylaws are binding upon, and inure to member of the amount of capital so credited to the cooperative by an entity in which the coop- the benefit of, the cooperative’s successors and the member’s capital account. individual notices erative is or was a member, patron, or owner, assigns; and (2) the duties, obligations, and liabili- of the amount of capital so credited to the capital then the cooperative may retire and pay these ties imposed upon a member by these Bylaws are account shall not be required if the cooperative capital credits only after the entity retires and binding upon the member’s successors and notifies all members of the aggregate amount of pays the capital credits or similar amounts to assigns. the binding nature of the duties, obliga- capital so credited to all of the members’ capital the cooperative. tions, and liabilities imposed by these Bylaws accounts and provides a clear explanation of how SEction 10.04. restrictions on transfer and upon the successors and assigns of the cooper- each member may compute and determine the assignments of capital credits. a member’s ative or a member does not relieve the coopera- specific amount of capital so credited to the capital credits shall be assignable only on the tive or a member of the duties, obligations, and member. books of the cooperative pursuant to written liabilities imposed by these Bylaws. SEction 10.03. retiring capital credits. the instructions from the member and only to suc- SEction 16.03. Waiver. the failure of the cooperative may retire and pay capital credits cessors in interest in the business or the physical cooperative to assert a right or remedy provided to members and former members as provided in assets of such member unless the Board, acting in these Bylaws does not waive the right or rem- this Bylaw. if the cooperative retires and pays under policies of general application, shall deter- edy provided in these Bylaws. capital credits, then the cooperative must retire mine otherwise. no assignment or transfer of SEction 16.04. invalid Provisions. if any one and pay capital credits in a member’s or former capital credits shall be binding on the coopera- or more of the provisions of these Bylaws, or the member’s name as shown in cooperative tive until the Board has consented thereto, and applicability of any such provision to a specific records, regardless of the member’s or former until such transfer has been entered on the situation, shall be held invalid or unenforceable, member’s marital status. if the cooperative books of the cooperative. consent shall be such provision shall be modified to the minimum mails a retired capital credits payment, then the granted only when such assignment or transfer is extent necessary to make it or its application cooperative shall mail the payment to the mem- deemed by the Board to be in the best interest of valid and enforceable, and the validity and ber’s or former member’s address as shown in the cooperative, and consent to the proposed enforceability of all other provisions of these cooperative records. it shall be the responsibil- assignments or transfers can be withheld for any Bylaws and all other applications of any such ity of the member or the former member to pro- reason whatsoever. provision shall not be affected thereby. vide the cooperative with any address change. any money that the cooperative attempts to ARTICLE XI: Disposition of Property deliver to a member or former member, but SEction 11.01. merger or consolidation. the unclaimed by the member or former member cooperative may consolidate or merge only within the time prescribed by Law, may be used with an entity operating on a cooperative basis as allowed by Law. the cooperative shall main- as may be provided by the members in the arti- tain books and records reflecting the retired and cles or by Law if not addressed in the articles. paid capital credits to members and former SEction 11.02. Distribution of the coopera- members. tive’s assets upon Dissolution. in the event of (a) General capital credits retirements. at any the cooperative’s dissolution or the liquidation time before the cooperative’s dissolution, liqui- of the cooperative’s assets and after all out- dation, or other cessation of existence, the standing indebtedness of the cooperative has cooperative may generally retire and pay some been paid, any remaining amounts shall be or all capital credits allocated to members and allocated and paid to the members, without former members. the cooperative shall not priority, based on the members’ pro rata share under any circumstances retire capital credits of capital credits at the time of the filing of the wholly or in part prior to the time such capital certificate of dissolution. credits would be normally retired by the Board. (b) capital credits retirement Discretion. the ARTICLE XII: Fiscal Year POWER TIP cooperative may retire and pay capital credits the cooperative’s fiscal year shall begin on only if the Board determines that the retirement January 1 of each calendar year and shall end Don’t block the supply and payment will not adversely impact the coop- on December 31 of each calendar year. erative’s financial condition. consistent with this and return air vents in Bylaw, the retirement and payment of capital ARTICLE XIII: Membership in Other your home with furni- credits are at the sole discretion of the Board Organizations ture or by closing them and are not affected by previous retirements and the cooperative shall become a member of payments. the manner, method, and timing of other organizations by an affirmative vote of at off. Blocking the vents retiring and paying capital credits may be deter- least two-thirds (2/3) of the Directors present at makes your heater mined only by the Board. a meeting of the Board. work harder. (c) no Entity Special capital credits retire- ments. the cooperative may not specially retire ARTICLE XIV: Seal and pay capital credits allocated to an entity the corporate seal of the cooperative shall be member or former entity member during or after in the form of a circle and shall have inscribed runna10 | iStock.com

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W e b e x T r a listen to W.f. strong read this story.

The butter was the town’s best-known export in those early days, and likely remains so today. Even the town’s high school mascot, the Jerseys, was named after the butter’s real creators. Indeed, at one point, Falfurrias was home to the largest Jersey cattle herd in the world. That gave special meaning to the once- popular bumper sticker there: “Watch Your Step, You’re in Jersey Country.” I’m not sure the author intended the double mean- ing, but it certainly provided a good deal of local levity until it was discontinued. Falfurrias remains a popular niche brand of butter. In Texas it is sold at all major grocery stores and some smaller ones, too. It has been quite popular in northern Mexico for generations. A friend tells me that as a child in Saltillo, he remembers his mother bringing back the mantequilla dulce de Falfurrias—sweet butter from Falfur- rias—as a special treat for the kids any- time she traveled to Texas. A Texas Marine in World War II recalled A Name that as he was wading ashore in the battle for Okinawa, a Falfurrias Butter crate bumped up against his leg in the surf, That Sticks a comforting reminder of home. Falfurrias Butter outgrew Falfurrias. It became so popular that it was eventu- falfurrias—the butter and the town—emerged from south texas’ king ranch ally bought by the Dairy Farmers of

by W.f. sTrong America, but it is still made in Texas, and sales over the past year have grown 20%. It is made by Keller’s Creamery in famous brands. which he created the dairy that launched Winnsboro and has grown at a Texas- Texas is HoMe To Many Unlike Southwest Airlines, Lone Star Beer Falfurrias Butter. sized pace of 40% in recent years. and Whataburger, the King Ranch is the Falfurrias butter was first made in When you drive through Falfurrias only one that evolved from an actual Falfurrias, southwest of Corpus Christi, today, on state Highway 285, you can still brand. And that ranch helped launch in 1909, five years after Lasater founded see the vintage Falfurrias Butter sign on another famous brand, Falfurrias Butter. the town. People have wondered whether the side of the old creamery. The town In 1895, Richard King’s ranching part- the butter is named for the town or the newspaper, Falfurrias Facts, occupies ner, Mifflin Kenedy, sold 7,000 cows to town for the butter, but they were both the building today. South Texas neighbor Ed Lasater. Dairy named after Lasater’s ranch, which was In the interest of full disclosure and cows, Lasater knew, would deliver five named for a grove of trees called La Mota ethical transparency, I have to reveal that times the return on investment as beef de Falfurrias. Lasater claimed Falfurrias I am also an export of Falfurrias, and even cattle. He started with Durham short- came from the Lipan Apache language though I know on which side my bread horns because that breed could support and, loosely translated, meant “land of is buttered, I assure you that it does not either a beef or dairy operation. It would heart’s delight.” The truth of the word’s affect the veracity of this commentary. D be more than a dozen years before he origin could not be confirmed, or absolutely

hOrse: xPixel | shutterstOCk.COm.raised COWBOy: A. vOrOntsOv | shutterstOCk.COm. Butter: ArinA P hABiChthe | shutterstOCk.COm herd of Jersey cattle with refuted, by a Lipan Apache linguist.

texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 29 TCP Kitchen

Strawberry Cheesecake Muffins 2 cups flour 2 teaspoons baking powder Quick Breads ½ teaspoon baking soda ¼ teaspoon salt and Muffins ½ cup sugar 2 eggs ¼ cup (½ stick) butter, melted and fruit and chocolate together reward a baking itch cooled, plus more for the pan by Megan Myers, food ediTor ¾ cup milk 1 cup diced strawberries some of the first recipes i learned how to make as a child were quick 3 ounces cream cheese, cut into chunks breads and muffins, sourced from a splattered red Betty Crocker 1 cup milk chocolate chunks cookbook. their simple preparation makes them easy enough for a baking novice, but they’re also dependable, making them a food i turn 1. Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Coat a to again and again whenever i get a baking itch. these muffins are jumbo (texas-size) muffin tin with butter of the big, bakery-size variety, but you can make them in a standard and set aside. muffin tin if you like. 2. in a small bowl, stir together flour, bak- ing powder, baking soda and salt. 3. in a large bowl, whisk together sugar and eggs until blended. Whisk in melted butter, then add milk. 4. stir in flour mixture until just mixed. gently fold in strawberries, cream cheese and chocolate chunks. 5. fill muffin cups ¾ full and bake 20–24 minutes.

Makes 6 juMbo Muffins

W e b e x T r a follow along with megan myers and her adventures in the kitchen at stetted.com, where she features a recipe for Cardamom tea loaf With earl grey glaze. $500 Winner 2 cups flour ¾ teaspoon baking soda Chocolate ½ teaspoon salt Banana Bread 1 cup sugar BeCky yOung ¼ cup (½ stick) butter, softened, C O s e r v plus more for the pan 1½ cups mashed banana (about 4 bananas) 2 eggs ⅓ cup plain yogurt ½ teaspoon vanilla extract Blackberry Muffins ½ cup semisweet chocolate chips JAnet stePhens ½ cup chopped pecans BOWie-CAss eC 1 tablespoon raw sugar or brown sugar this banana bread variation has a delightful swirl of sour cream makes these blackberry 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Coat an chocolate running through it. muffins wonderfully tender. fresh or 8.5-by-4.5-inch loaf pan with butter and Don’t skip the pecans and frozen fruit works equally well, but set aside. stephens recommends letting frozen sugar on top, which cara- 2. in a small bowl, whisk together flour, berries thaw and drain overnight to melize and pair well with the baking soda and salt. in a large bowl, beat remove excess moisture. banana flavor. if the nuts sugar and butter together until smooth. brown too quickly during bak- mix in mashed banana, eggs, yogurt and 2½ cups flour ing, tent the bread with foil vanilla. Add flour mixture to wet ingredi- 1 cup sugar during the last 20 minutes to ents, stirring until just combined. 1 tablespoon baking powder prevent burning. ½ teaspoon baking soda 3. Place chocolate chips in a small bowl Makes 1 loaf ½ teaspoon salt and melt in the microwave for 1 minute, ½ teaspoon cinnamon then whisk the chocolate smooth. Cool 2 eggs slightly and stir in 1 cup of batter, mixing 1 cup sour cream until no streaks remain. ½ cup (1 stick) butter, melted and 4. spoon batters alternately into pre- cooled pared pan, then swirl with a knife to mar- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract ble. top with chopped pecans and sugar. 1 teaspoon milk 5. Bake 60–70 minutes, until a toothpick 1½ cups (5–6 ounces) blackberries, inserted into the center comes out clean. fresh or frozen Cool in pan 10 minutes, then remove from pan to a wire rack to cool completely. C o o k ’ s T i p if using fresh berries, cut them in half vertically. if using frozen berries, thaw, drain excess liquid and pat dry, then toss in 1 tablespoon flour before adding to batter.

1. Preheat oven to 400 degrees. line 18 muffin cups with paper liners or coat with nonstick spray and set aside. 2. in a small bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, salt and cinnamon. in a large bowl, combine eggs, sour cream, butter, vanilla and milk and stir until smooth. mix in flour mixture until just combined. fold in blackberries, taking care not to crush the fruit. 3. Divide batter among muffin cups and bake 17–20 minutes. let cool in pan 5 minutes, then remove to a wire rack to $500 Recipe Contest cool completely or enjoy warm. iCe CreaMs and sorbeTs Due feB 10 Cool down in July with a frozen treat. send us your best recipes Makes 18 Muffins for ice creams, sorbets, popsicles and other frosty indulgences. reCiPe PhOtOs: megAn myers. Winner: COurtesy BeCky yOung mOre reCiPes > enter at texasCoopPower.com/Contests by february 10.

texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 31 Never lose Great Balls of Fire Cornbread ginger ClArDy electricity BAnDerA eC

again! Cornbread qualifies as a quick bread, and this version adds cheese and jalapeño pepper for the perfect dinner accompaniment.

butter, for the pan 1 cup cornmeal Almond Poppy Seed Bread ¾ cup flour leAh merCer 2 teaspoons baking powder C e C A 1 teaspoon baking soda ½ teaspoon salt fragrant, moist and perfect for teatime, 2 eggs this bread is a cinch to make. it keeps well, 1 cup whole kernel corn so you can enjoy slices throughout the 1 cup buttermilk week and freeze the second loaf for 1 cup grated cheddar cheese later—or wrap it up for a pretty house- Own the #1 brand in ¼ cup seeded, chopped jalapeño home standby power. warming gift. pepper C o o k ’ s T i p if you want a topping, whisk 3 tablespoons olive oil 8 out of 10 buyers together ¼ cup orange juice, ¾ cup powdered choose Generac Home sugar, ½ teaspoon vanilla extract, ½ teaspoon 1. Butter an 8- or 10-inch cast-iron skillet butter extract and ½ teaspoon almond extract and place it in the oven as it preheats to until smooth. Pour glaze over cooled bread. Standby Generators to 400 degrees. 2. in a large bowl, stir together the corn- automatically provide shortening, butter or nonstick spray, meal, flour, baking powder, baking soda for the pans electricity to their and salt. in another bowl, lightly beat 3 eggs eggs, then stir in corn, buttermilk, cheese, homes during power 2½ cups sugar jalapeño and oil. Add to dry mixture and 1½ teaspoons salt outages. Here’s why— stir until just barely combined. 3 cups flour, plus more for the pans WIDEST SELECTION of sizes—whether 1½ teaspoons baking powder 3. remove hot skillet from oven, pour in you choose to power only critical circuits batter, then bake cornbread 25 minutes (water pump, heat, freezer) during electrical 1½ cups milk outages—or your entire home. 1⅛ cups vegetable oil or until a toothpick inserted into the cen- ter comes out clean. EXTRA-QUIET MODELS, TOO—that will never 1½ tablespoons poppy seeds disturb you or your neighbors! 1½ tablespoons vanilla extract 1½ tablespoons almond extract s e r v e s 8 NO REFUELING—Generac systems are powered continuously by natural gas or your 1½ tablespoons butter extract propane supply, so you never have to get up in the middle of the night to refuel. 1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees. grease 24/7/365 SERVICE from our Wisconsin and flour two loaf pans and set aside. headquarters. Storms and blackouts don’t 2. in a large bowl, beat eggs lightly, then follow a 9-to-5 schedule and neither do we. whisk in sugar and salt. in a small bowl, PRICES START AT JUST $1,999* combine flour and baking powder. Add al- ternately with milk and oil to egg mixture. CALL for FREE Generator 3. stir in poppy seeds and vanilla, almond Buyer’s Guide and get… and butter extracts. Pour into prepared pans and bake 60 minutes or until a Limited Time BONUS OFFER! toothpick inserted into the center comes W e b e x T r a so many options for baking out clean. bread—and breaking bread—online. visit our website for more than 100 bread and muffin Makes 2 loaves recipes.

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32 TEXAS COOP POWER feBruAry 2021 texAsCOOPPOWer.COm Sacred Stone of the B. Southwest is on the Brink of Extinction 26 carats enturies ago, Persians, CTibetans and Mayans of genuine considered turquoise a gemstone of the heavens, believing the Arizona turquoise striking blue stones were sacred pieces of sky. Today, the rarest and ONLY $99 most valuable turquoise is found in the American Southwest–– but the future of the blue beauty is unclear. On a recent trip to Tucson, we spoke with fourth generation turquoise traders who explained “With depleting mines, turquoise, that less than five percent of the most sacred stone to the Navajo, turquoise mined worldwide can has become increasingly rare.” be set into jewelry and only about twenty mines in the Southwest –– Smithsonian.com supply gem-quality turquoise. Once a thriving industry, many Southwest mines have run dry and are now closed. We found a limited supply of C. turquoise from Arizona and snatched it up for our Sedona Turquoise Collection. Inspired by the work of those ancient craftsmen and designed to showcase the exceptional blue stone, each stabilized vibrant Necklace cabochon features a unique, one- enlarged to show of-a-kind matrix surrounded in Bali metalwork. You could drop over luxurious $1,200 on a turquoise pendant, or you could secure 26 carats of color genuine Arizona turquoise for just $99. A. Your satisfaction is 100% guaranteed. If you aren’t completely happy with your purchase, send it back within 30 days for a complete refund of the item price. The supply of Arizona turquoise is limited, don’t miss your chance to own the Southwest’s brilliant blue treasure. Call today! Jewelry Speci cations: • Arizona turquoise • Silver- nished settings Sedona Turquoise Collection A. Pendant (26 cts) $299 $99* Save $200 B. 18" Bali Naga woven sterling silver chain $149 C. " Earrings (10 ctw) $299 $99* Save $200 Complete Set** $747 $249 Save $498 ** Complete set includes pendant, chain and earrings. Call now and mention the offer code to receive your collecion. 1-800-333-2045 Offer Code STC400-01 Rating of A+ You must use the offer code to get our special price. * Special price only for customers using the offer code versus the price on Stauer.com without your offer code. Stauer… Afford the Extraordinary.® ® 14101 Southcross Drive W., Ste 155, Dept. STC400-01, Stauer Burnsville, Minnesota 55337 www.stauer.com Hit the Road

Know Before You Go

some events may have been affected by COviD-19. Call or check an event’s website for scheduling details.

FEBRUARY

04 frisco [4–7] World olympic gymnastics academy Classic and liukin invitational, (972) 497-4800, woga.net

san angelo [4–21] stock show, COurtesy Chet gArner (325) 653-7785, sanangelorodeo.com

Caddo Monuments 05 kerrville [5–6, 12–14, Centuries-old sacred mounds remain from a native American culture 19–21] Villainous company, (830) 896-9393, that thrived near nacogdoches caillouxperformingarts.com by cheT garner

06 kerrville [6–March 19] america the beautiful: of some events in Texas history are always de- even THougH deTails Women artists of the bated, the origin of the state’s name not so much. Native Americans called West national exhibition, the Caddos have a word, Taysha, that means friend, which the Spanish (830) 896-2553, translated into tejas as the name for the region and the people. museumofwesternart.com The Caddo Nation once stretched from Northeast Texas to Missouri. Roughly 25 miles west of Nacogdoches, the Pineywoods open onto a 07 san Marcos Half Marathon, grassy field marked by three earthen mounds. Twelve hundred years ear- 10k and 5k, (210) 722-4548, lier, I might have encountered a Caddo community of up to 150 grass toursanmarcos.com houses and 900 people. Now a visit to Caddo Mounds State Historic Site there allows a glimpse into this ancient and sophisticated community. A 11 nocona [11–13] Mardi tornado destroyed the site’s permanent visitor center in 2019, but a tempo- gras nocona style, rary headquarters offers tours. (940) 825-3526, nocona.org A tour guide brought the entire site to life. The first mound is the burial beaumont [11–14] Mardi mound, where Caddo leaders were interred with supplies for the six-day gras of southeast Texas, journey into the afterlife, where they became stars—in the celestial sense. (409) 721-8717, The second mound is a ceremonial, low platform that served originally as mardigrastx.com a stage. Across Texas Highway 21 is the temple mound, which was the largest and site of religious ceremonies and worship. I felt like I was look- 12 Men are From Mars, ing at the Texas version of the pyramids of Giza. These mounds were the women are From Venus ceremonial center of the region. Live!, (936) 633-5454, Archaeologists have excavated parts of the site and learned details angelinaarts.org/ about the farming and trading the Caddos practiced centuries ago. The performing-arts-series Caddos followed sophisticated social, religious and political systems that luckenbach [12–13] helped them thrive for 500 years. The site inspires present-day Caddo Hug-in and valentine ball, people to bring ancient practices back to life and preserve the culture that (830) 997-3224, gave Texas its name. D luckenbachtexas.com

port lavaca [12–13] febru- ary frenzy, (361) 726-5126, ABOve Chet at the temple mound, the largest at Caddo mounds state historic site. stsrda.org

W e b e x T r a see Chet’s video from Caddo mounds state historic site and check out his texplorations on The Daytripper on PBs.

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MARCH Hit the Road 05 grapevine first friday at Event Calendar the farm, (817) 410-3185, nashfarm.org With hundreds of events across Texas listed every month, TexasCoopPower.com Submit Your Event has something for you. Plan now We pick events for the magazine directly from texasCoopPower.com. submit your TexasCoopPower.com/events event online for April by february 10, and it just might be featured in this calendar. texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 35 Bad to the Bone Full tang stainless steel blade with natural bone handle —now ONLY $79! he very best hunting knives possess a perfect balance of form and Tfunction. They’re carefully constructed from fine materials, but EXCLUSIVE also have that little something extra to connect the owner with nature. FREE If you’re on the hunt for a knife that combines impeccable craftsmanship Stauer® 8x21 with a sense of wonder, the $79 Huntsman Blade is the trophy you’re Compact looking for. Binoculars The blade is full tang, meaning it doesn’t stop at the handle but -a $99 value- extends to the length of the grip for the ultimate in strength. The with purchase of blade is made from 420 surgical steel, famed for its sharpness and its Huntsman Blade resistance to corrosion. The handle is made from genuine natural bone, and features decorative wood spacers and a hand-carved motif of two overlapping feathers— a reminder for you to respect and connect with the natural world. This fusion of substance and style can garner a high price tag out in the marketplace. In fact, we found full tang, stainless steel blades with bone handles in excess of $2,000. Well, that won’t cut it around here. We have mastered the hunt for the best deal, and in turn pass the spoils on to our customers. But we don’t stop there. While supplies last, we’ll include a pair of $99, 8x21 power compact, binoculars and a genuine leather sheath FREE when you purchase the Huntsman Blade. Your satisfaction is 100% guaranteed. Feel the knife in your hands, wear it on your hip, inspect the impeccable craftsmanship. If you don’t feel like we cut you a fair deal, send it back within 30 days for a complete refund of the item price. Limited Reserves. A deal like this won’t last long. We have only 1120 Huntsman Blades for this ad only. Don’t let this beauty slip through your fingers. Call today!

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saddle up, and let’s hit the trail. this month our Saddles readers show off their well-worn and well-loved riding gear. made of traditional leather or lighter- weight synthetics, saddles are passed down through families and remind us of hard work and the spirit of the Old West.

grace fulTz

ClOCkWise frOm tOP

JODy BrODheCker PeDernAles eC saddles too dear to part with. terry sueltmAn PeDernAles eC “this was the ‘little partner’ of a cowgirl who rode up to us with her dog in the pouch.”

BeAtriCe lusk CherOkee COunty eC “Debra riding freckles.”

Anne BArCAk sAn PAtriCiO eC the glasscock brothers water their horses while working cattle, circa 1960.

Upcoming Contests

Manmade vs. Nature Due feB 10 Night Life Due mAr 10 Portraits Due APr 10

enter online and review submission rules at texasCoopPower.com/Contests.

W e b e x T r a see focus on texas on our website for more photos from readers.

texAsCOOPPOWer.COm feBruAry 2021 TEXAS COOP POWER 37 Observations

increased interest in Black history as a way of understanding how and why we have arrived at this point of social reck- oning, as a country, through an examina- tion of the evolution of the African American community. Historian Carter G. Woodson created Black History Week in 1926 as a natural extension of the cultural and intellectual Harlem Renaissance, with its cast of ex- ceptional creative talents—Alain Locke, Langston Hughes and others—pushing for racial equality by extolling the reali- ties of post-slavery African American life in the U.S. Woodson emphasized a need to recognize the achievements of African Americans. Woodson chose February because of the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln (Feb- ruary 12) and Frederick Douglass (Febru- ary 14), two men who were revered and celebrated in Black communities. By the 1970s the annual celebration had gained widespread popularity and was nudged to cover the entire month. Black History Month has been both hailed as an uplift- ing force and maligned as racially polar- izing, a phenomenon that is currently more pronounced than the desegrega- tion efforts of the 1960s. Woodson never thought the study of Black history should be confined to one is a singular, week. He established Black history edu- blaCk HisTory MonTH isolated observance drawn out through cation programs that would cover a full Time To Talk February to recognize African American year of study, a “Black History Year.” Fur- about that contributions to America’s formation and ther, he welcomed the future when a des- image. For generations the great majority ignation of any kind regarding the study Black history month takes on a sense of urgency this year of those feats were ignored by the writers of Black history was no longer necessary. of history texts, but now the recognition So it was heartening last year when comes through literature and several the Texas Education Agency OK’d high by Michael hurd weeks of ceremonies, seminars, marches, schools providing African American illusTraTion by Traci daberko parades and assorted TV programs. Studies as an elective course, a major Even so, the prevailing feel can be oblig- positive step. atory and condescending—as though the Welcome to the contemporary “New subject dare not be broached during the Negro” movement with more diverse other 11 months of the year. “Oh, we can voices and a new iteration of Black talk about THAT in February!” History Month for wider, rapt audiences So, here we are again, time to talk acknowledging that Black history is about THAT, but Black History Month American history. 2021 has a different feel from its 95 pred- Let’s talk about THAT … every day. D ecessors, even a sense of urgency given the social upheaval of 2020. There is an

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