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Redalyc.Especies De Los Géneros Dracula Y Masdevallia (Orchidaceae) En Colombia

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Redalyc.Especies De Los Géneros Dracula Y Masdevallia (Orchidaceae) En Colombia Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Calderón Sáenz, Eduardo; Farfán, Julián Camilo Especies de los géneros Dracula y Masdevallia (Orchidaceae) en Colombia Biota Colombiana, vol. 4, núm. 2, diciembre, 2003, pp. 187- 201 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49140205 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Biota Colombiana 4 (2) 187 - 201, 2003 Especies de los géneros Dracula y Masdevallia (Orchidaceae) en Colombia1 Eduardo Calderón Sáenz2 y Julián Camilo Farfán Camargo3 2 Instituto Alexander von Humboldt. [email protected] 3 Calle 18 # 9-36 Sogamoso- Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Orchidaceae, Dracula, Masdevallia, género, Colombia, Lista de especies Los géneros Dracula y Masdevallia pertenecen El genero Dracula, con tres subgéneros, cinco secciones y a la subtribu Pleurothallidinae de la familia Orchidaceae, dos subsecciones (Luer 1993), cuenta, por el momento, con familia que incluye entre 17000 y 35000 especies (Dressler cerca de 105 especies descritas para el neotrópico, de las 1993). cuales 72 se han encontrado en Colombia. El género Masdevallia está dividido en 10 subgéneros, 13 secciones El género Masdevallia fue descrito en 1794 por los botáni- y 13 subsecciones, e incluye alrededor de 500 especies des- cos españoles Hipólito Ruiz y José Antonio Pavón, en su critas (Luer 2003), 153 de las cuales se han encontrado en obra Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis Prodromus. Hasta Colombia. Los caracteres que se han tomado para separar 1978 el género Dracula permaneció adnado a Masdevallia, estos géneros incluyen el tipo de inflorescencia así como la pero Luer separó estos dos géneros e incluyó en Dracula morfología de ovario, sépalos, pétalos y labelo. las especies con hojas carinadas, sépalos internamente pubescentes, pétalos ensanchados y bilaminados o Sobre Masdevallia se han publicado numerosas bivalvados apicalmente, y sin el diente que tiene monografías, la primera de ellas se publicó en 1889 por Masdevallia en el margen labelar o en la base; labelo gene- Florence H. Woolward en Inglaterra (Luer 1986). En 1925 el ralmente sacciforme con venas radiales y dividido en un botánico alemán F. Kraenzlin realizó otra monografía, la cual hipoquilo y epiquilo (Luer 1993). incluía un total de 253 especies. En 1971 en Colombia Fernández & Sarmiento publicaron un artículo denominado Estos géneros son exclusivos del neotrópico: Masdevallia “Sinopsis sobre el género Masdevallia en Colombia” en el se distribuye desde México hasta Bolivia, incluyendo las que se da una lista de 131 especies para el país. Desde 1983 Antillas, y los centros de distribución se encuentran en los hasta 1995 Carlyle Luer y W. Königer iniciaron una mono- Andes de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia, entre 1500 y grafía sobre el género, por fascículos, llamada “Thesaurus 2500 m de altitud, aunque existen especies creciendo desde Masdevalliarum”; y luego en 1996 Luer y Dalström conti- el nivel del mar hasta casi los 4000 metros (Königer & nuaron con las publicaciones, pero el nombre de la serie Königer 1995); Dracula tiene una distribución menos am- cambió por “A Treasure of Masdevallia”, de la cual se ha plia, desde México hasta Perú, pero su areal excluye tanto publicado desde el volumen 21 hasta el 26 (este último apa- las Antillas como Venezuela, Bolivia y Brasil; la mayoría de reció en 2003). Ortiz (2000) publicó la obra “Orquídeas del las especies de Dracula se encuentran entre 1500 y 2500 m Género Masdevallia en Colombia”, con una lista de 151 de altitud, y muy pocas crecen al nivel del mar (Luer 1993). táxones (entre especies y subespecies), con ilustraciones, En Colombia, el género Dracula está particularmente descripciones y una lista de sinónimos. Sobre Dracula, la diversificado en la cordillera central y los Andes occidenta- primera monografía después de la descripción del género les, mientras que la mayoría de las especies del género fue hecha por Luer & Escobar y publicada entre 1988 y 1995 Masdevallia se presentan en la cordillera oriental, la cordi- en la serie “Thesaurus Dracularum”, la cual consta de siete llera central y el Nudo de Los Pastos. volúmenes, con ilustraciones en acuarela. 1Con la colaboración de Pedro Ortiz V. 188- Dracula y Masdevallia de Colombia Calderón & Farfán Luer, en la serie “Icones Pleurothallidinarum” publicó seis un catálogo de fotografías en color de la mayoría de las volúmenes sobre la sistemática del género Masdevallia especies del género Masdevallia, mientras que Hermans & (1986-2003) y un volumen sobre el género Dracula (1993), Hermans (1997) produjeron un catálogo, también con fotos ilustrados con dibujos a tinta; Oversteegen (2001) compiló a color, de las especies del género Dracula. Species checklist of the genera Dracula and Masdevallia (Orchidaceae) present in Colombia Eduardo Calderón Sáenz and Julián Camilo Farfán Camargo Key Words: Orchidaceae, Dracula, Masdevallia, genus, Colombia, Species checklist The genera Dracula and Masdevallia both belong 13 subsections, and includes about 500 described species to the subtribe Pleurothallidinae, in the family (Luer 2003), of which 153 have been reported in Colom- Orchidaceae. The Orchidaceae comprise between 17000 bia. Both the type of inflorescences and the morphological and 35000 species (Dressler 1993). features of the ovaries, sepals, petals and labellum, are utilized to separate the two genera. The genus Masdevallia was first described in 1794 by the Spanish botanists Hipólito Ruiz and José Antonio Pavón, Several monographic works have been made on genus in a work entitled Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis Prodromus. Masdevallia, the first of which was published in 1889 by Until 1978 the genus Dracula remained sunk into Florence H. Woolward, in England (Luer 1986). In 1925, Masdevallia, but Luer separated the two genera by the German botanist F. Kraenzlin presented another including within Dracula those species with the following monograph that included a total of 253 species. In 1971 characters: carinated leaves, internally pubescent sepals, Fernández and Sarmiento published an article entitled swollen bilaminated or apically bivalved petals, and “Sinopsis sobre el género Masdevallia en Colombia” labellum without marginal teeth at the base as in which included a 131 species. Since 1983 until 1995 Masdevallia; further characters include labellum generally Carlyle Luer and W. Königer initiated the publication of a saccate with radial veins and divided into a hipochyle series of papers that altogether embraced a monograph of and a epichile (Luer 1993). Masdevallia entitled “Thesaurus Masdevalliarum”. Then, in 1996, Luer and Dalström continued these series under These two genera are exclusive of the Neotropical Region: the name “A Treasure of Masdevallia” and included the Masdevallia ranges from México to Bolivia, including the publication of the corresponding volumes 21 through 26 Antilles, and its center of distribution is the Andean Region (the latter appeared in 2003). Ortiz (2000) published the comprised by Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, work entitled “Orquídeas del Género Masdevallia en Co- between 1500 and 2500 meters above sea level m; however lombia” which integrated a list of 151 taxa (including some species thrive from sea level up to 4000 masl (Königer both species and subspecies), with illustrations, & Königer 1995); Dracula has a more restricted descriptions and a list of synonyms. On the other hand, the distribution, ranging from México to Peru, excluding the first monographic work, after the description of the genus Antilles, Venezuela, Bolivia and Brazil; the majority of the Dracula, was made by Luer & Escobar and was published species of Dracula occur between 1500 and 2500 masl, between 1988 and 1995 in a series entitled “Thesaurus and very few grow at sea level (Luer 1993). The genus Dracularum”, which consisted of seven volumes and Dracula, in Colombia, is particularly diverse in the cen- included gorgeous watercolor illustrations. tral and western Andean ranges, whereas the majority of the species of Masdevallia are concentrated in the Luer, in the series entitled “Icones Pleurothallidinarum”, eastern and central ranges as well as in the “Nudo de published six volumes pertaining to the study of the Los Pastos”. systematics of the genus Masdevallia (1986-2003) and a volume on the genus Dracula (1993), illustrated with ink The genus Dracula, with three subgenera, five sections and drawings. Oversteegen (2001) compiled a catalogue of two subsections (Luer 1993), comprises, to date, about color photographs of the majority of the species of the 105 described species in the Neotropical Region. Of these, genus Masdevallia, whereas Hermans & Hermans (1997) 72 have been reported to occur in Colombia. The genus presented a catalogue of the genus Dracula, also with co- Masdevallia is divided into 10 subgenera, 13 sections and lor photographs . Biota Colombiana 4 (2), 2003 Calderón & Farfán Dracula and Masdevallia of Colombia -189 Listado Taxonómico / Taxonomic List A continuación se presenta una lista de especies en los géneros Dracula y Masdevallia conocidas con
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