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Succulents in Victoria

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Succulents in Victoria A primer for planters What is a succulent? ‘Succulent’ is not a family/genera/species name Any plant that stores water in stems and leaves Can be tender (tropical) or hardy (up to zone 3) Examples: Sempervivum Sedum Aloe Haworthia Cactus Echeveria Why grow them? Unusual shapes and textures, architectural Do well in difficult places like hot rocky slopes Easy care, minimal water, no fertilization needed Many have interesting flowers Suitable for theme or mini-gardens Collector mania! In Victoria Summer drought They are not cacti: still need some water Most can take our sun Winter rains – protect from waterlogged soil Hardy succulents: under eaves or in free draining soil Tender – Cool greenhouse, bright indoor window Take a chance! Care for hardy succulents Good drainage Water only when dry Ideal Soil: pH 7, high mineral * Rocks or gravel mulch Sun in Victoria Hardy succulents best in tough environment Granite dust fertilizer * will grow in anything Succulent species Sempervivum: houseleeks, hens & chicks Very tough, easy care, interesting variations Sempervivum arachnoides – spider web hens & chicks Foliage looks like flowers, radiating from a centre Small Sedum Unusual leaf shape, colour & texture, adapted for survival: S. rupestre ‘Angelina’ S. spurium ‘Red Dragon’ S. Makinoi ‘Ogon’ Native S. spathulifolium Most can take low temperatures Less water, more attractive And others... Crassula family Bonsai Jade, Crassula sarcocaulis, hardy to -9C Delosperma nubigenum Hardy Ice Plant Zone 5 Tender plants: Aloe - part shade Haworthia - low water Kalachoe – sun colour Aeonium – VERY tender Echeveria - zone 9 Have fun with succulents! Use your broken pots to make fairy gardens More ideas... Topiary Window boxes Vertical planters Corsages, boutonnieres Rock gardens, under steps Grow in any kind of container* Living wreaths and centrepieces Grow in tubes that are tucked here and there * As long as there’s drainage Planting a succulent container Key: GOOD DRAINAGE! Drain hole or (with care) gravel base 2 - 6 inches soil Soil mix – 1/3 loam, 2/3 drainage material Arrange your plants Rocks or gravel on top Planting in pictures Here are the supplies And the plant material... Sempervivum, crassula, sedum, delosperma Preparation Soil mixed ahead of time Sandy loam Drainage material Granite dust If root bound, clip bottom off Prune off any broken branches and dead flowers First the base Cover the drainage hole so soil won’t wash out Build up soil on bottom and one side of pot Ways to arrange your plants Fine Gardening way: Thriller - focal point Spiller - adds vertical line Filler – fills in the gaps Other ways: Symmetrical Exceptional plant only (bonsai) Container colour or texture Theme based Cover the soil Rocks Stores heat in day, releases at night Mimics natural habitat Can enhance style or theme Hide the perlite! Gravel Prevents splashed soil Good drainage plus mulch Colour and texture echoes No drainage? Make a reservoir Gravel base covered by screening Chicken grit mulch The final arrangement Ready for indoors or outdoors All plants we used are hardy in Victoria (to -9C) Put in dry place for winter, under eaves or roof Thanks to Nat for providing the plant material http://www.stupidgardenplants.com/ Father’s day sale of perennials corner of Fairfield and Cook Street.
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  • Crassula Connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A
    Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. Berger et al. in Engl. & Prantl erect pygmy-weed Crassulaceae - stonecrop family status: State Threatened, BLM strategic rank: G5 / S1S2 General Description: A dapted from Douglas et al. (1998-2002): A reddish annual herb that roots nodally. Stems hairless, ascending or erect, freely branching, 2-6 cm tall. Leaves opposite, pairs fused around the stem, entire, succulent, oblong to egg-shaped, 1.5-6 mm long. Floral Characteristics: Flowers axillary, generally 2 per leaf pair, usually 4-parted, greenish, and sessile or short-stalked, but stalk lengthening in fruit. Sepals 4, fused at the base, lanceolate with an acute to acuminate tip. Petals whitish, less than 2 mm, not longer than the sepals. Stamens 4 . Fruits: Follicles less than 2 mm long, purplish, ovoid, ascending, and 1-2 seeded. Identifiable A pril to May. Identif ication Tips: This species is not in Hitchcock & Cronquist (1 9 7 3 ). Cras s ula tillaea is a nonnative weedy species that can also be found on coastal bluffs in WA , but it generally has 3 sepals, while C. connata generally has 4 sepals. C. aquatica is a native species that occurs in wetter habitats (mud flats, salt marshes); it has 1 flower per leaf pair, 6-17 seeds per follicle, and 4 rounded to obtuse sepals that are shorter than the petals. In contrast, C. connata usually has 2 flowers per leaf pair, 1-2 seeded fruits, and acute sepals that are longer than or equal to the petals. Sedum species are related, but are perennials, usually with 5-parted flowers and 10 stamens.
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  • New Zealand Pigmyweed
    The National Biodiversity Data Centre Documenting Ireland’s Wildlife New Zealand pigmyweed Invasive: High impact Crassula helmsii Species profile Habitat: Freshwater. Distribution in Ireland: Very localised distribution in the wild but with many occurrences in artificial waterbodies. Status: Established. Family name: Crassulaceae. Reproduction: Seeds can be produced but reproduction usually takes place through fragments, tiny individual plant nodes are capable of producing a new viable individual. New Zealand pigmyweed in flower with succulent leaves that form a collar on the stem. - GBNNSS Crown © 2009 Identifying features Colour: Green. Mat forming: Singular plants form dense mats. Stem: Rigid and round. Leaves: Up to 2cm long and in opposite linear pairs. Leaf bases joined around the stem to form a collar. Leaves fleshy when emergent and flatter when permanently submerged. Flower: Very small with 4 whitish petals, flowers are often absent. New Zealand pigmyweed showing its dense mat like structure - GBNNSS Crown © 2009 New Zealand pigmyweed in flower - C. Hurley First published 2013 First Please report your sightings of this species at: http://invasives.biodiversityireland.ie New Zealand pigmyweed Invasive: High impact Threats Forms thick dense mats which can float or be submerged. The thick mats cause shading of existing water plants and the depletion of oxygen in the water, which leads to a reduction of native flora and fauna. Possible health hazard, as the thick mats can be mistaken for dry land. The species can move onto a terrestrial habitat after it colonises an aquatic area. New Zealand pigmyweed invading and matting the sur- Can obstruct boats and reduce the opportunities where fishing can take place, face on the edges of a pond in Ireland -C.Hurley which may impact upon local economies.
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  • Tagawa Gardens Watch Chain Crassula
    Watch Chain Crassula Crassula muscosa Height: 12 inches Spread: 24 inches Sunlight: Hardiness Zone: 8 Other Names: Princess Pine, Rattail Crassula Description: A low-rising variety with unusual narrow foliage that is stacked and tightly overlapping; very drought-tolerant and does well in poor soils; subtle pale yellow flowers along the stems in summer; an excellent choice for containers and rock gardens Watch Chain Crassula Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder Ornamental Features Watch Chain Crassula's attractive succulent narrow leaves remain bluish-green in color throughout the year. It features subtle buttery yellow star-shaped flowers along the stems in mid summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. Landscape Attributes Watch Chain Crassula is an herbaceous evergreen perennial with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition. This is a relatively low maintenance plant. Trim off the flower heads after they fade and die to encourage more blooms late into the season. It is a good choice for attracting bees and butterflies to your yard, but is not particularly attractive to deer who tend to leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. It has no significant negative characteristics. Watch Chain Crassula is recommended for the following landscape applications; - Mass Planting - Rock/Alpine Gardens - General Garden Use - Groundcover - Container Planting Planting & Growing Watch Chain Crassula will grow to be about 12 inches tall at maturity, with a spread of 24 inches.
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  • Jade Plant, Crassula Ovata
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 11 Jan 2010 Jade Plant, Crassula ovata Crassula ovata is a common houseplant that is usually called jade plant, or less frequently referred to as friendship plant, money plant, or silver dollar plant. Previously classifi ed as C. argentea, C. portulaca and C. obliqua, it is still occasionally sold under these other, older (and incorrect) names. This species is just one of about 300 in a diverse genus, part of the orpine family (Crassulaceae), about half of which are native to southern Africa. The name crassula means thick or fat, referring to the fl eshy nature of the genus, and ovata means egg-shaped, referring to the shape of the leaves of this species. C. ovata is a prominent component of valley thicket vegetation of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. The very similar C. arborescens, which has almost spherical blue-gray leaves with a distinct waxy bloom, is found in a different area, Jade plant is easily grown as a houseplant. in the Little Karoo and Central Karoo. It has compact, rounded heads of pink fl owers. The Khoi and other Africans used the roots for food, grated and cooked, eaten with thick milk. They also used the leaves for medicinal purposes. Jade plant is an easy-to-grow succulent that stores water in its leaves, stems, and roots. It has been used as an indoor ornamental throughout the world, and a landscape plant in mild climates. It makes a good houseplant as it grows well in the restricted root space of containers, is relatively slow- growing, likes the warm, dry conditions found in most homes, and tolerates neglect.
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  • Effectiveness of Eradication Measures for the Invasive Australian Swamp Stonecrop Crassula Helmsii
    Management of Biological Invasions (2018) Volume 9, Issue 3: 343–355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2018.9.3.16 Open Access © 2018 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2018 REABIC Research Article Effectiveness of eradication measures for the invasive Australian swamp stonecrop Crassula helmsii Janneke M.M. van der Loop1,2,*, Lisette de Hoop1, Hein H. van Kleef2,3 and Rob S.E.W. Leuven1,3 1Radboud University, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Stichting Bargerveen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands 3Netherlands Centre of Expertise on Exotic Species (NEC-E), Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands Author e-mails: [email protected] (JMML), [email protected] (LH), [email protected] (HHK), [email protected] (RSEWL) *Corresponding author Received: 28 February 2018 / Accepted: 10 July 2018 / Published online: 31 August 2018 Handling editor: Ana Novoa Abstract The amphibious invasive alien Crassula helmsii is native to Australasia and introduced in Europe. This species negatively affects wetland ecosystems by outcompeting native species, impeding water flow, reducing dissolved oxygen and stimulating redox processes. Therefore, effective eradication measures are required. However, a comprehensive overview of available eradication measures for C. helmsii and an assessment of their effectiveness are lacking. The effectiveness of eradication measures for C. helmsii was systematically reviewed. A literature search included scientific journal papers and reports to compile a consistent data set on effectiveness of 59 eradication studies in short-term and long-term. Only measures aiming at complete eradication of the species were assessed and classified (i.e., chemical, mechanical, physical and combined treatments).
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  • Some Major Families and Genera of Succulent Plants
    SOME MAJOR FAMILIES AND GENERA OF SUCCULENT PLANTS Including Natural Distribution, Growth Form, and Popularity as Container Plants Daniel L. Mahr There are 50-60 plant families that contain at least one species of succulent plant. By far the largest families are the Cactaceae (cactus family) and Aizoaceae (also known as the Mesembryanthemaceae, the ice plant family), each of which contains about 2000 species; together they total about 40% of all succulent plants. In addition to these two families there are 6-8 more that are commonly grown by home gardeners and succulent plant enthusiasts. The following list is in alphabetic order. The most popular genera for container culture are indicated by bold type. Taxonomic groupings are changed occasionally as new research information becomes available. But old names that have been in common usage are not easily cast aside. Significant name changes noted in parentheses ( ) are listed at the end of the table. Family Major Genera Natural Distribution Growth Form Agavaceae (1) Agave, Yucca New World; mostly Stemmed and stemless Century plant and U.S., Mexico, and rosette-forming leaf Spanish dagger Caribbean. succulents. Some family yuccas to tree size. Many are too big for container culture, but there are some nice small and miniature agaves. Aizoaceae (2) Argyroderma, Cheiridopsis, Mostly South Africa Highly succulent leaves. Iceplant, split-rock, Conophytum, Dactylopis, Many of these stay very mesemb family Faucaria, Fenestraria, small, with clumps up to Frithia, Glottiphyllum, a few inches. Lapidaria, Lithops, Nananthus, Pleisopilos, Titanopsis, others Delosperma; several other Africa Shrubs or ground- shrubby genera covers. Some marginally hardy. Mestoklema, Mostly South Africa Leaf, stem, and root Trichodiadema, succulents.
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  • Crassula Catalog
    SucculentShop.co.za Page: 2 CAMPFIRE CRASSULA - CRASSULA CAPITELLA The Campfire Crassula is a branching succulent with fleshy propeller-like leaves that mature from bright lime green to bright red. Leaves turn bright red if not over-watered and the plant receives direct sun for SucculentShop.co.za Page: 3 most of the day, during drought or in cold temperatures. It has a prostrate habit, forming mats about 15 cm tall and up to a meter wide. It does best in partial sun and requires more shade in hotter inland sites When grown in shade, the leaves are bright apple green for most of the year. Although fairly drought tolerant, it requires occasional watering. Spikes of insignificant white, star-shaped flowers are borne in summer and attract bees, butterflies and other tiny insects. Works very well for hanging basket gardens. Plant in full sun or partial shade. Well-drained soil. Prune after flowering. Size: up to 20cm Read More SucculentShop.co.za Page: 4 FAIRY CRASSULA - CRASSULA MULTICAVA 15 - 20 cm cutting The Fairy Crassula or Crassula multicava is a succulent herbaceous plant native to the mountainous regions of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). It is frequently used as a hedge plant because its stems branch off a lot of forming quite compact foliage agglomerations. It is also appreciated for its resistance to periods of drought and extreme temperatures and the beauty of its flowering. It is currently marketed as an ornamental plant in numerous nurseries worldwide. This species is characterized by forming stems erect low (generally nor exceed 25 cm) very branched and thin of green-red.
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  • THE SPECIES of CRASSULA L. in AUSTRALIA H. R. Toelken
    J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 3(1): 57-90 (1981) THE SPECIES OF CRASSULA L. IN AUSTRALIA H. R. Toelken State Herbarium, Botanic Gardens, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Abstract A taxonomic revision of the genusCrassulain Australia is presented together with a key to the 17 taxa recognized.C. coloraravar.tuberculataToelken andC. sieberanasubsp.tetrameraToelken are described while the combinationC. coloraravar.miriamiae(Ostenf.) Toelken is made. Introduction The similarity of some of the Australian species of Crassula to the South African ones prompted the present research, which can be seen as a continuation of the earlier study on the South African species (Toelken, 1977). Similar problems such as the wide ecological and local variation as well as the difficulty of identifying herbarium material of some taxa are also encountered in Australia. As in the South African annual species, no putative hybrids were found here. However, the close resemblance of some of the Australian species to those of other continents compounds the problem of evaluating the variation within the geographical boundaries. Of the 11 taxa indigenous to Australia 5 also occur outside this area and, although the present study is almost entirely based on specimens from Australian herbaria, the limited number of specimens from outside were found adequate for decisions to be taken. Most of the work was done on herbarium specimens and only here and there were critical areas visited to investigate problems in situ. However, living or pickled material of all the species was investigated and its range of variation is included in the descriptions. In the case of C.
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  • Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of (Crassula Ovata) Jade Plant on Different Strains of Bacteria
    European Journal of Medicinal Plants 11(1): 1-12, 2016, Article no.EJMP.19753 ISSN: 2231-0894, NLM ID: 101583475 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of (Crassula ovata) Jade Plant on Different Strains of Bacteria Mwangi Denis Muiruri 1* and Wambura Mwangi 1 1Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O.Box 62,000 – 00200 Nairobi, Kenya. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author MDM designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors MDM and WM managed the analyses of the study and the literature searches. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/EJMP/2016/19753 Editor(s): (1) Marcello Iriti, Professor of Plant Biology and Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Italy. Reviewers: (1) Daniela Hanganu, "Iuliu Hatieganu"University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania. (2) Francis O. Shode, Cape Peninsula University of technology, South Africa. (3) Armando Cuéllar Cuéllar, Havana University, Cuba. (4) Armando Zarrelli, University of Naples, Italy. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/11727 Received 25 th June 2015 th Original Research Article Accepted 24 August 2015 Published 7th October 2015 ABSTRACT The Crassula ovata plant has been used for many years as an ornamental plant, and also as a medicinal plant in some communities like the Khoi of South Africa and in Chinese culture. Locally the plant is being used by homeowners who have it in their vicinity as a remedy for diarrhea and disinfecting wounds.
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  • Crassulaceae A. P. De Candolle (Stonecrop Family) Succulent Herbs to Shrubs; Stem Often with Cortical Or Medullary Vascular Bund
    Crassulaceae A. P. de Candolle (Stonecrop Family) Succulent herbs to shrubs; stem often with cortical or medullary vascular bundles; with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM); tannins present; often with alka- Floral formula: loids, sometimes cyanogenic. Hairs simple, but plants more commonly glabrous and glaucous. Leaves alter- nate, opposite, or whorled, sometimes in a basal rosette, simple or rarely pinnately compound, entire to crenate, Distribution and ecology: Widespread from tropical to dentate or serrate, succulent, with pinnate venation, but boreal regions; plants very often of arid habitats. veins often obscure; stipules lacking. Inflorescences deter- minate, sometimes reduced to a solitary flower, terminal Genera/species: 35/1500. Major genera: Sedum (450), or axillary. Flowers usually bisexual, radial, lacking a Crassula (300), Echeveria (150), and Kalanchoe (125). These, along with Diamorpha, Dudleya, Graptapetalum, Lenophyl- hypanthium. Sepals usually 4 or 5, distinct to connate. lum, and Villadia occur rn the continental urmeu sidits Petals usually 4 or 5, distinct to connate (and then form- and/or Canada. ing a ± tubular corolla), imbricate. Stamens 4-10; fila- ments distinct to slightly connate, free or adnate to corol- Economic plants and products: Sedum (stonecrop), la; anthers opening by terminal pores; pollen grains Echeveria, Kalanchoe, and Semperoivum (houseleek) are tricolporate. Carpels usually 4 or 5, distinct to slightly con- grown as ornamentals because of their distinctive succu- nate at base; ovaries superior, with parietal placentation lent leaves. (or axile at base, if carpels fused); stigmas minute. Each carpel subtended by a scale-like nectar-producing gland. Ovules few to numerous in each carpel. Fruit an aggregate of follicles, rarely a capsule (Figure 8.53).
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  • Crassula Helmsii Flowers (Source: the Wild Flower Society, 2013)
    Weed Risk Assessment for Crassula United States helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne Department of (Crassulaceae) – Swamp stonecrop Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service October 4, 2013 Version 1 Left: Crassula helmsii flowers (source: The Wild Flower Society, 2013). Right: Crassula helmsii infestation (source: Waterland Management Ltd., 2013). Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Crassula helmsii Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA)— specifically, the PPQ WRA model (Koop et al., 2012)—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because the PPQ WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or for any area within it.
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  • New Zealand Pigmyweed
    www.nonnativespecies.org Produced by Olaf Booy, Max Wade and Vicky White of RPS New Zealand Pigmyweed Species Description Scientific name: Crassula helmsii AKA: Tillaea aquatica , Australian Swamp-stonecrop, Briweg Seland Newydd (Welsh), Tillaea recurva Native to: Australia and New Zealand Habitat: Aquatic up to 3m deep in still or slow flowing water bodies or terrestrial around pond or lake margins Can be submerged, emergent and terrestrial. Readily recognisable when growing at the edges of water bodies by its fleshy leaves. Submerged leaves are less easy to see and recognise. Reproduces from very small stem fragments but does not produce viable seed in the UK. Introduced in 1911 as an oxygenating plant for ponds and, since the 1970s, has spread rapidly. Forms dense mats and can impede drainage, causing flooding. Displaces other aquatic plant species and reduces amenity use of the waterbody. New Zealand Pigmyweed is listed under Schedule 9 to the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 with respect to England, Wales and Scotland. As such, it is an offence to plant or otherwise cause this species to grow in the wild. For details of legislation go to www.nonnativespecies.org/legislation . Key ID Features Flowers very small, often absent, whitish-green to slightly pink 1cm Forms dense mats within the water body 1cm Leaves up to 2cm long in Flowers have opposite pairs 4 petals 1cm Leaf bases joined around the stem to form a collar Leaves fleshy when emergent or terrestrial, flatter when permanently submerged Round stem Identification of terrestrial, emergent and submerged forms Terrestrial: Growing away from the water’s Emergent: Densely packed leaves in water, Submerged: Elongated stems with edge or left stranded as water level falls, intermediate between terrestrial and submerged leaves sparse and flat, able to form exten- creeping stems and aerial, fleshy leaves.
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