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Nous Primats De L'eocè De La Península Ibèrica

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Nous Primats De L'eocè De La Península Ibèrica Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica Nous primats de l’Eocè de la Península Ibèrica: implicacions filogenètiques i paleobiogeogràfiques Judit Marigó Cortés Tesi Doctoral 2013 Il·lustració de la portada: Óscar Sanisidro Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica Nous primats de l’Eocè de la Península Ibèrica: implicacions filogenètiques i paleobiogeogràfiques Memòria presentada per Judit Marigó Cortés per optar al títol de Doctor en Biologia, programa de doctorat en Biodiversitat del Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dirigida per: - Dr. Salvador Moyà Solà, ICREA a l’Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont i a la Unitat d’Antropologia Biològica del Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. - Dr. Raef Minwer-Barakat Requena, Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Dr. Salvador Moyà Solà Dr. Raef Minwer-Barakat Requena Judit Marigó Cortés TREBALL FINANÇAT PER: - Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. - Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa i AGAUR, beca predoctoral 2010FIB176 i beques de mobilitat BE i CTP (2010BE00758, 2011BE100009 i 2011CTP00011), i Grup de Recerca Consolidat "Grup de Paleoprimatologia i Paleontologia Humana PIPH". - Gobierno de España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, proyectos "Grandes simios fósiles (Hominoidea) del Mioceno del area Mediterránea: origen, paleobiología y evolución (CGL2008-00325/BTE)” e “Historia Evolutiva de los Primates del Paleógeno y Neógeno de la Península Ibérica (CGL2011-27343)”. - Synthesys Project (grants FR-TAF-80 and FR-TAF-1735; http://www.synthesys.info/), financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” Programme. L’Elionor tenia catorze anys i tres hores quan va posar-se a treballar. Aquestes coses queden enregistrades a la sang per sempre. Duia trenes encara i deia: “sí, senyor” i “bones tardes”. La gent se l’estimava, l’Elionor, tan tendra, i ella cantava mentre feia córrer l’escombra. Els anys, però, a dins la fàbrica es dilueixen en l’opaca grisor de les finestres, i al cap de poc l’Elionor no hauria pas sabut dir d’on li venien les ganes de plorar ni aquella irreprimible sensació de solitud. Les dones deien que el que li passava era que es feia gran i que aquells mals es curaven casant-se i tenint criatures. L’Elionor, d’acord amb la molt sàvia predicció de les dones, va créixer, es va casar i va tenir fills. El gran, que era una noia, feia tot just tres hores que havia complert els catorze anys quan va posar-se a treballar. Encara duia trenes i deia: “sí, senyor” i “bones tardes”. Miquel Martí i Pol. La fàbrica (1972). Als meus pares ÍNDEX Resum / Abstract...................................................................................................... 1 1. Introducció ........................................................................................................... 7 1.1. L’origen dels primats.................................................................................... 11 1.2. Els plesiadapiformes..................................................................................... 14 1.3. Els adapoïdeus i els omomioïdeus................................................................ 16 1.4. Clima i paleobiogeografia durant el Paleogen.............................................. 20 2. Estructura de la tesi, antecedents i objectius........................................................ 25 2.1. Estructura de la tesi....................................................................................... 27 2.2. Antecedents.................................................................................................. 28 2.2.1. Masia de l’Hereuet.............................................................................. 30 2.2.2. Sant Jaume de Frontanyà.................................................................... 30 2.2.3. Mazaterón........................................................................................... 31 2.2.4. Sossís.................................................................................................. 33 2.3. Objectius....................................................................................................... 34 3. Localització geogràfica, context geològic i descripció dels jaciments estudiats.................................................................................................................... 37 3.1. Conca Sudpirinenca...................................................................................... 40 3.1.1. Conca Sudpirinenca Oriental.............................................................. 41 3.1.2. Conca Sudpirinenca Central............................................................... 44 3.2. Conca del Duero........................................................................................... 47 i 4. Material i mètodes................................................................................................ 51 4.1. Tècniques de camp....................................................................................... 53 4.1.1. Prospecció........................................................................................... 53 4.1.2. Recollida de mostres d’estudi............................................................. 54 4.2. Tècniques de laboratori................................................................................. 55 4.2.1. Rentat.................................................................................................. 55 4.2.2. Fraccionament.................................................................................... 56 4.3. Tècniques de gabinet.................................................................................... 57 4.3.1. Triat.................................................................................................... 57 4.3.2. Ordenació de les mostres.................................................................... 57 4.4. Descripció del material dentari..................................................................... 59 4.5. Mesures del material dentari......................................................................... 60 4.6. Anàlisis filogenètics..................................................................................... 61 4.7. Imatges del material estudiat........................................................................ 61 5. First record of Plesiadapiformes (Primates, Mammalia) from Spain................... 63 6. New Anchomomys (Adapoidea, Primates) from the Robiacian (Middle Eocene) of northeastern Spain.................................................................................. 71 7. A new species of Pseudoloris (Omomyidae, Primates) from the Middle Eocene of Sant Jaume de Frontanyà (Eastern Pyrenees, Spain).............................. 87 8. New Anchomomyini (Adapoidea, Primates) from the Mazaterón Middle Eocene locality (Almazán Basin, Soria, Spain)....................................................... 97 9. Pseudoloris cuestai, a new microchoerine (Primates, Omomyidae) from the middle Eocene of the Iberian Peninsula................................................................... 111 ii 10. Nievesia sossissensis, a new anchomomyin (Adapiformes, Primates) from the early Late Eocene of the Southern Pyrenees (Catalonia, Spain).............................. 125 11. Resultats i discussió generals............................................................................. 163 12. Conclusions finals / Final conclusions............................................................... 177 Agraïments / Acknowledgements............................................................................ 185 Referències............................................................................................................... 193 Annex I: The primate fossil record in the Iberian Peninsula.................................... 221 iii RESUM / ABSTRACT Resum / Abstract RESUM Restes de primats de l’Eocè han estat recuperades de diferents jaciments de la Península Ibèrica des de la dècada de 1960, tot i que el seu estudi ha estat escàs des d’aleshores. Aquesta tesi doctoral inclou, d’una banda, una revisió bibliogràfica exhaustiva del registre de primats del Cenozòic de la Península Ibèrica, que representa una actualitació essencial després de les noves troballes fetes durant les últimes dècades i, d’altra banda, la descripció, comparació i determinació taxonòmica de noves restes dentàries de primats (Plesiadapiformes, Adapoïdeus i Omomioïdeus) de diferents jaciments de l’Eocè de la Península Ibèrica: Masia de l’Hereuet i Sossís (Lleida), Sant Jaume de Frontanyà (Barcelona) i Mazaterón (Sòria), emmagatzemades a les col·leccions de l’Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. Aquests estudis han permès en alguns casos la definició de nous tàxons. Concretament, s’ha descrit l’únic material de plesiadapiforme trobat a Espanya fins ara, procedent del jaciment de Masia de l’Hereuet (Eocè Inferior, Conca Sudpirinenca Central), i s’ha atribuït al gènere Arcius, l’únic gènere de la família Paromomyidae trobat a Europa, encara que l’escassedat de material no ha permès realitzar una determinació a nivell d’espècie. Del jaciment de Sant
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