Casuarina Glauca Casuarinaceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Casuarina glauca Casuarinaceae Australia, New Guinea Common names: English: Swamp she oak. Ecology: A native of Australia from New South Wales to Queensland in a narrow coastal belt and also New Guinea. Casuarina glauca is most common along the edges of swampy flats, near estuaries and along tidal reaches of rivers. It has been the most successful Casuarina used in Israel. In Uganda the species is still under trial in the highlands of Kabale District. Uses: Firewood, poles, nitrogen fixation, soil conservation, windbreak. Description: An evergreen tree 12-15 m (but up to 20 m) with a long straight bole with a maximum diameter of 60 cm, the upright branches forming a narrow crow. The trunk may be buttressed and fluted. BARK: on trunk flaky, rough and thick, dark grey and hard, but branches more grey-brown and smooth. LEAVES: drooping branchlets quite grey-green (glauca) and relatively thick with characteristic "joints" widely spaced, each a ring of about 15 scale- leaves (coarser and larger than in Casuarina equisetifolia). FLOW- ERS: male clusters with pollen along 2-4 cm of the tips of some branchlets. Rounded female "cones" on stalked heads are hairy when young, about 6 mm with dark red stigmas. FRUIT: a woody multiple capsule, "cone-like", 1-2 cm long and 1.0—1.5 cm wide, each individual fruit sharply pointed and opening to release 1 pale winged nutlet. Propagation: Seedlings, root suckers. Seed: Collected from cones of mature trees. Cones should be collected before they open and left to release seed over polythene sheeting, treatment: not necessary. storage: Management: The species is on trial and methods of management are yet to be developed. Remarks: While the original habitat of the species is saline soil and low altitude, in Uganda it is showing promise at high altitude and on free-draining soils. It may be particularly useful as it can be fast growing on difficult sites and fix nitrogen. It can reproduce very vigorously from root suckers. The timber is hard and strong and a good fuel but not durable in the ground. C. equisetifolia has been used in Uganda for a long time but grows at much lower altitudes. 164 I Casuarina glauca Casuarinaceae 165 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Quercus ×Coutinhoi Samp. Discovered in Australia Charlie Buttigieg
XXX International Oaks The Journal of the International Oak Society …the hybrid oak that time forgot, oak-rod baskets, pros and cons of grafting… Issue No. 25/ 2014 / ISSN 1941-2061 1 International Oaks The Journal of the International Oak Society … the hybrid oak that time forgot, oak-rod baskets, pros and cons of grafting… Issue No. 25/ 2014 / ISSN 1941-2061 International Oak Society Officers and Board of Directors 2012-2015 Officers President Béatrice Chassé (France) Vice-President Charles Snyers d’Attenhoven (Belgium) Secretary Gert Fortgens (The Netherlands) Treasurer James E. Hitz (USA) Board of Directors Editorial Committee Membership Director Chairman Emily Griswold (USA) Béatrice Chassé Tour Director Members Shaun Haddock (France) Roderick Cameron International Oaks Allen Coombes Editor Béatrice Chassé Shaun Haddock Co-Editor Allen Coombes (Mexico) Eike Jablonski (Luxemburg) Oak News & Notes Ryan Russell Editor Ryan Russell (USA) Charles Snyers d’Attenhoven International Editor Roderick Cameron (Uruguay) Website Administrator Charles Snyers d’Attenhoven For contributions to International Oaks contact Béatrice Chassé [email protected] or [email protected] 0033553621353 Les Pouyouleix 24800 St.-Jory-de-Chalais France Author’s guidelines for submissions can be found at http://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/author-guidelines-journal-ios © 2014 International Oak Society Text, figures, and photographs © of individual authors and photographers. Graphic design: Marie-Paule Thuaud / www.lecentrecreatifducoin.com Photos. Cover: Charles Snyers d’Attenhoven (Quercus macrocalyx Hickel & A. Camus); p. 6: Charles Snyers d’Attenhoven (Q. oxyodon Miq.); p. 7: Béatrice Chassé (Q. acerifolia (E.J. Palmer) Stoynoff & W. J. Hess); p. 9: Eike Jablonski (Q. ithaburensis subsp.
[Show full text]
Casuarina Spp.), an Invader of Coastal Florida, U.S.A
Journal of Coastal Research 27 3 485–492 West Palm Beach, Florida May 2011 Ecology and Management of Sheoak (Casuarina spp.), an Invader of Coastal Florida, U.S.A. G.S. Wheeler{, G.S. Taylor{, J.F. Gaskin1, and M.F. Purcell{{ www.cerf-jcr.org {USDA Agricultural Research {Australian Centre for 1USDA Agricultural Research {{USDA Agricultural Research Service Evolutionary Biology and Service Service Invasive Plant Research Biodiversity Northern Plains Agricultural Australian Biological Control Laboratory and School of Earth and Research Laboratory Laboratory 3225 College Avenue Environmental Sciences 1500 North Central Avenue CSIRO Entomology Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, The University of Adelaide Sidney, MT 59270, U.S.A. 120 Meiers Road U.S.A. North Terrace, Adelaide, SA Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, 5005, Australia Australia ABSTRACT WHEELER, G.S.; TAYLOR, G.S.; GASKIN, J.F., and PURCELL, M.F., 2011. Ecology and management of sheoak (Casuarina spp.), an invader of coastal Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research, 27(3), 485–492. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The Casuarina spp. are invasive plants in Florida that threaten biological diversity and beach integrity of coastal habitats. The trees include three species and their hybrids that aggressively invade riverine and coastal areas. Of the three species, C. equisetifolia and C. glauca are highly salt tolerant and widespread in coastal areas. The third species, C. cunninghamiana, invades riverine habitats. These species pose dangers to both the environment and public safety. The environmental damage includes interfering with nesting by endangered sea turtles, American crocodiles, and the rare swallow-tailed kite. Additionally, allelochemical leachates reduce germination and establishment of native vegetation.
[Show full text]
Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 12-6-2019 Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Vascular Plant Families of the United States Grouped by Diagnostic Features" (2019). Botanical Studies. 96. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/96 This Flora of the United States and North America is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLOWERING PLANT FAMILIES OF THE UNITED STATES GROUPED BY DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Second edition — 6 December 2019 The focus is on families of plants found in the conterminous United States, including ornamentals. The listing of a family is not meant to imply that every species has that feature. I am using a fewfamily names, such as Liliaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, in the traditional sense, because their limits remain unsettled. Parasitic on branches Dioscoreaceae
[Show full text]
Wake Island Grasses Gra Sse S
Wake Island Grasses Gra sse s Common Name Scientific Name Family Status Sandbur Cenchrus echinatus Poaceae Naturalized Swollen Fingergrass Chloris inflata Poaceae Naturalized Bermuda Grass Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Naturalized Beach Wiregrass Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Naturalized Goosegrass Eleusine indica Poaceae Naturalized Eustachys petraea Poaceae Naturalized Fimbristylis cymosa Poaceae Indigenous Dactyloenium Aegyptium Lepturus repens Poaceae Indigenous Manila grass Zoysia matrella Poaceae Cultivated Cenchrus echinatus Chloris inlfata Fimbristylis cymosa Lepturus repens Zoysia matrella Eustachys petraea Wake Island Weeds Weeds Common Name Scientific Name Family Status Spanish Needle Bidens Alba Asteraceae Naturalized Hairy Spurge Chamaesyce hirta Euphorbiaceae Naturalized Wild Spider Flower Cleome gynandra Capparidaceae Naturalized Purslane Portulaca oleracea Portulaceaceae Naturalized Puncture Vine Tribulus cistoides Zygophyllaceae Indigenous Coat Buttons Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Naturalized Tridax procumbens Uhaloa Waltheria Indica Sterculiacae Indigenous Bidens alba Chamaesyce hirta Cleome gynandra Portulaca oleracea Tribulus cistoides Waltheria indica Wake Island Vines Vines Common Name Scientific Name Family Status Beach Morning Glory Ipomoea pes-caprae Convolvulaceae Indigenous Beach Moonflower Ipomoea violacea Convolvulaceae Indigenous Passion fruit Passiflora foetida Passifloraceae Naturalized Ipomoea violacea Ipomoea pes-caprae Passiflora foetida Wake Island Trees Trees Common Name Scientific Name Family Status
[Show full text]
NOTES on CASUARINACEAE II L.A.S. Johnson
J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 6(1) 73-87 (1982) NOTES ON CASUARINACEAE II L.A.S. Johnson National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000 Abstract AllocasuarinaL. Johnson, gen. nov., is recognised as separate fromCasuarina sens. strict.and 40 combinations at specific and subspecific level are made under thenew genus.Casuarina grandis and C. L. Johnson oligodonL. Johnson are described together with a new subspecies,C.oligodon ssp. abbreviataL. Johnson, and C.equisetifolia ssp. incana(Benth.) L. Johnson,sial. nov.InGyinnostoma, made for 11 species. combinations are This paper formally establishes thenew genus Allocasuarina, together with new combinations for all those described taxa that will be recognisedin the revision of Casuarinaceae at present being completed. Variousnew taxa will be described therein, but it is necessary to provide descriptions here fortwo species and a subspecies that will be treated in a booklet on uses of Casuarina and alliedgenera being prepared as a result of the International Casuarina Workshopheld in Canberra in August, 1981. The publication of Allocasuarina will permituse of this name in the forthcoming new edition of Flora of South Australia, Part II. Detaileddiscussion of generic and infra- generic relationships and distinctions within the familymust await publication of the revision, as must distributional details, keys, illustrations,nomenclatural discussion, and listing of synonyms and collections. The family comprises four genera: GymnostomaL. Johnson (Johnson 1980), "genus C" to be described (confined to Malesia), CasuarinaAdans. s. str., and Allocasuarina L. Johnson. They are briefly discussed by Johnson and Wilson(1981), and our account of the family in Morley and Toelken (in press)gives a synopsis of the three genera native in Australia.
[Show full text]
Australian Pine
FACT SHEET: AUSTRALIAN PINE Australian Pine Casuarina equisetifolia L. Beefwood family (Casuarinaceae) NATIVE RANGE Malaysia, southern Asia, Oceania and Australia DESCRIPTION Australian pine is a deciduous tree with a soft, wispy, pine-like appearance that can grow to 100 feet or more in height. Also known as ironwood, beefwood, she oak and horsetail tree, it bears a superficial resemblance to the conifer genus Pinus because of its small, round, cone-like fruits and its branchlets of scale-like leaves that look like pine needles. Its flowers are tiny, brown and wind-pollinated. The fruit is a nutlet about ½ inch in diameter that contains winged seeds. ECOLOGICAL THREAT Australian pine is fast-growing (5-10 feet per year), produces dense shade and a thick blanket of leaves and hard, pointed fruits, that completely covers the ground beneath it. Dense thickets of Australian pine displace native dune and beach vegetation, including mangroves and many other resident, beach-adapted species. Because its roots are capable of producing nitrogen through microbial associations, Australian pine can colonize nutrient-poor soils. Once established, it radically alters the light, temperature, and soil chemistry regimes of beach habitats, as it outcompetes and displaces native plant species and destroys habitat for native insects and other wildlife. Chemicals in the leaves of Australian pine may inhibit the growth of other plants underneath it. The ground below Australian pine trees becomes ecologically sterile and lacking in food value for native wildlife. Unlike native shrubbery, the thick, shallow roots of Australian pine make it much more susceptible to blow-over during high wind events, leading to increased beach and dune erosion and interference with the nesting activities of sea turtles.
[Show full text]
Foliar Ontogeny in Gymnostoma Deplancheanum and Its
Erschienen in: Trees ; 33 (2019), 3. - S. 653-668 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-018-1806-9 Foliar ontogeny inGymnostoma deplancheanum andits evolutionary andecological significance forscleromorphy andxeromorphy inCasuarinaceae (Fagales) V.M.Dörken1· P.G.Ladd2· R.F.Parsons3 Abstract Key message The phylogenetically basal genus of the Casuarinaceae, Gymnostoma, from relatively mesic environ- ments, shows morphological and anatomical structures that are precursors to xeromorphic modifications in the derived genera Casuarina and Allocasuarina. Abstract Gymnostoma is the basal genus of the Casuarinaceae with a long evolutionary history and a morphology that has changed little over many millions of years. From a wide distribution in the Tertiary of the southern hemisphere, it is now restricted to islands in the Pacific Ocean, the Malesian region and one small area of northeastern Queensland where it occurs in mesic climates, often on poor soils. The unique vegetative morphology it shares with other more derived genera in the family appears to be xeromorphic. Its distribution combined with the fossil evidence that early Tertiary Gymnostoma occurred with other taxa whose morphology indicated they grew in mesic environments implies that the reduction in the photosynthetic organs was not specifically related to growing in xeric environments. It may be related to evolutionary adap- tation to growing on nutrient poor substrates that may also suffer from seasonal water deficit. The foliage reduction then served as a pre-adaptation for derived species to help them cope with the aridity that developed on the Australian continent through the later part of the Tertiary. The fusion of the leaves to the stem to form phyllichnia was a precursor which enabled the development of specific adaptations in the derived genera Casuarina and Allocasuarina to improve water conservation, such as stomata restricted to furrows between the phyllichnia and proliferation of structural sclerenchyma that helps prevent cell collapse under drought conditions.
[Show full text]
Casuarina Equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Order: Fagales Family: Casuarinaceae Genus: Casuarina Species: C. Equisetifolia www.pixgood.com Plant profile A tall pine-like tree with a soft, wispy appearance that grows up to 20-30m (65-100 ft) in height, which is known in English as "ironwood" or "she-oak,” and “horse tail tree." The leaves are reduced to rings of scales around long, slender, grooved, branches that are somewhat like pine needles. Flowers are unisexual, found on the same or separate trees. Ecology The climate in its natural range is semi-arid to sub humid. In most regions there is a distinct dry period of 4-6 months, although this seasonality decreases towards the equator in Southeast Asia and in the southern parts of its range in Australia. C. equisetifolia is commonly confined to a narrow strip adjacent to sandy coasts, rarely extending inland to lower hills, as in Fiji. Found on sand dunes, in sands alongside estuaries and behind fore- dunes and gentle slopes near the sea. It may be at the leading edge of dune vegetation, subject to salt spray and inundation with seawater at extremely high tides. C. equisetifolia may be the only woody species growing over a ground cover of dune grasses and salt-tolerant broadleaved herbs; it can also be part of a richer association of trees and shrubs collectively termed the Indo-Pacific strand flora. Uses Casuarina is widely used as a bonsai subject, particularly in South-east Asia and parts of the Caribbean. Indonesian specimens and those cultivated in Taiwan are regarded among the best in the bonsai world.
[Show full text]
Eastern Swamp Oak; Casuarina Glauca (Casuarinaceae) Around the Swan River Estuary
EASTERN SWAMP OAK; CASUARINA GLAUCA (CASUARINACEAE) AROUND THE SWAN RIVER ESTUARY Greg Keighery Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife INTRODUCTION Casuarina glauca and Casuarina obesa are closely related vicariad species, in that one, Casuarina obesa, occurs in the Western and inland parts of Australia (WA, SA, Vic and previously NSW) and the other, Casuarina glauca, in South Eastern Australia (Qld and NSW). These species have in the past been combined under Casuarina glauca, which led to the planting of Casuarina glauca as C. obesa in the rehabilitation of parts of Pelican Point local government and nature reserve. NOTES ON THE SPECIES CASUARINA GLAUCA Casuarina glauca is found as a tree of mainly coastal sites from southern Queensland to southern New South Wales (Map1). A moderately variable species it is also found as a dense shrub c. 2 m high, with coarse branchlets bearing up to 20 teeth, on exposed headlands. Hybridizes with C. cunninghamiana subsp. cunninghamiana where their ranges meet along coastal rivers CASUARINA OBESA Casuarina obesa is a normally small spreading tree to 5-6 metres but occasionally up to 10. Plants are able to sucker, especially after root disturbance, for example along Kargotich road in Serpentine, but it is not a feature around the Swan River Estuary. Branchlets are normally glaucous. A widespread species of coastal saline flats and estuaries from Kalbarri south to Israelite Bay and inland to Kalgoorlie. A species with little recorded variation. KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C. GLAUCA AND C. OBESA C. glauca 1. Slender densely green foliaged tree Habit (Figure 1).
[Show full text]
Casuarina Glauca Sieber Ex Spreng. Casuarinaceae/Beefwood Family
Casuarina glauca Sieber ex Spreng. Casuarinaceae/Beefwood Family Common Names: Suckering Australian-pine, swamp she-oak, Brazilian beefwood Synonymy: Casuarina lepidophloia F. Muell. and C. cristata Miq. misapplied Origin: Australia Botanical Description: Evergreen tree to 20 m (70 ft) tall, with a dense, pyramidal shape. Bark gray-brown, finely fissured, scaly. Branchlets pine-needle-like, green, occa- sionally waxy, jointed, thin (< 1mm wide), 20-26 cm (8-10 in) long, minutely ridged, glabrous. Leaves reduced to tiny scales, in whorls of 10-17 at joints of branchlets. Flowers unisexual (dioecious), inconspicuous, female in small axillary clusters, male in small terminal spikes; female plants rare in Florida. Fruit a tiny, 1-seeded, winged nutlet (samara), formed in woody cone-like clusters (fruiting heads), these brown, to 1.8 cm (2/ 3 in) long and 0.9 cm (1/3 in) wide. NOTE: Differs from C. equisetifolia (preceding pages) in having 10-17 leaf scales per whorl, glabrous branchlets, and separate male and female plants. C. cunninghamiana also dioecious, but with 8-10 leaf scales per whorl. Ecological Significance: Introduced to Florida before 1924, and planted widely in southern Florida as windbreaks, roadside trees, and hedges (Morton 1980). Suckers aggressively from widely spreading roots, especially when pruned, creating “local jungles” of dense casuarina branches, excluding other vegetation (Long and Lakela 1971, Morton 1980). Displacing and extremely destructive to native plant communities, tending to completely take over areas it invades (Nelson 1994). Along with C. equisetifolia, has had devastating effect on native plant communities of barrier islands along southwest coast, such as Sanibel and Captiva (Morton 1980).
[Show full text]
Action Statement No
Action Statement No. 253 Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Authorised and published by the Victorian Government, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, December 2013 © The State of Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries 2013 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Print managed by Finsbury Green December 2013 ISBN 978-1-74326-682-3 (Print) ISBN 978-1-74326-683-0 (pdf) Accessibility If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please telephone DEPI Customer Service Centre 136186, email [email protected], via the National Relay Service on 133 677 www.relayservice.com.au This document is also available on the internet at www.depi.vic.gov.au Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Cover photo: Glossy Black-Cockatoo pair (Jill Dark) Action Statement No. 253 Glossy Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus lathami Description Distribution The Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami The Glossy Black-Cockatoo is endemic to mainland Australia (Christidis and Boles 2008)) is the smallest of the black- (Higgins 1999). Schodde et al. (1993) and Higgins (1999) cockatoos, reaching 48 cm in length.
[Show full text]
Carnaby's Cockatoo Habitat Restoration Plan
City of Melville Carnaby’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris Habitat Restoration Plan – Piney Lakes January 2012 99 C Lord St Whiteman (08) 9209 2767 (P) (08) 9209 2768 (F) [email protected] www.naturalareaconsulting.com.au City of Melville Carnaby’s Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris Habitat Restoration Plan - Piney Lakes January 2012 Report prepared for: City of Melville Report prepared by: Natural Area Consulting 99c Lord St Whiteman WA 6068 [email protected] City of Melville – Carnaby’s Cockatoo Habitat Restoration Plan - Piney lakes Disclaimer Natural Area Consulting (NAC) have prepared this report for the sole use of the Client and for the purposes as stated in the agreement between the Client and NAC under which this work was completed. This report may not be relied upon by any other party without the express written agreement of NAC. NAC has exercised due and customary care in the preparation of this document and has not, unless specifically stated, independently verified information provided by others. No other warranty, express or implied is made in relation to the contents of this report. Therefore, NAC assumes no liability for any loss resulting from errors, omission or misrepresentations made by others. This document has been made at the request of the Client. The use of this document by unauthorised third parties without written permission from NAC shall be at their own risk, and accept no duty of care to any such third party. Any recommendations, opinions or findings stated in this report are based on circumstances and facts as they existed at the time NAC performed the work.
[Show full text]