RELIGION, REBELLION, REVOLUTION Also by Bruce Lincoln

RELIGION, REBELLION, REVOLUTION Also by Bruce Lincoln PRIESTS, WARRIORS, AND CATTLE A Study in the Ecology of Religions EMERGING FROM THE CHRYSALIS Studies in Rituals of Women's Initiation MYTH, COSMOS, AND SOCIETY Indo-European Themes of Creation and Destruction RELIGION, REBELLION, REVOLUTION An interdisciplinary and cross-cultural collection qf essays Edited by Bruce Lincoln University qf Minnesota Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978-1-349-17906-0 ISBN 978-1-349-17904-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-17904-6 © Bruce Lincoln 1985 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985 978-0-333-37934-9 All rights reserved. For information, write: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 Published in the United Kingdom by The Macmillan Press Ltd. First published in the United States of America in 1985 ISBN 978-0-312-67061-0 Contents Notes on the Contributors Vll PART I INTRODUCTION 3 Bruce Lincoln PART II THE WESTERN HISTORICAL TRADITION Archaic Forms of Rebellion and their Religious Background 15 Cristiano Grottanelli 2 Popular Religion and the English Revolution 46 Christopher Hill 3 Popular Religion in the American and French Revolutions 69 Clarke Garrett 4 First Discussion 89 PART III THE THIRD WORLD AND ISLAM 5 Religious Solutions and Native American Struggles: Ghost Dance, Sun Dance and Beyond 97 Joseph G.Jorgensen 6 Revolution and/or Integration in African Socia-Religious Movements 129 Vittorio Lanternari 7 Shi'ism and Revolution 157 Nikki R. Keddie 8 Islam, Politics and Revolution in Songhay (1464-1493) 183 Lansine Kaba 9 Second Discussion 207 v VI Contents PART IV GENERAL THEORETICAL ISSUES lO Millennialisms and the Recreation of History 219 Kenelm Burridge ll The Development and Implications of the Classical Sociological Perspective on Religion and Revolution 236 Roland Robertson 12 Notes toward a Theory of Religion and Revolution 266 Bruce Lincoln 13 Final Discussion 293 Index 301 Notes on the Contributors Kenelm Burridge is Professor of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia, having previously held teaching positions at the University of Baghdad, Oxford University, and the Univer sity of Western Australia. He has conducted field work in Melanesia, Australia, and Malaya, and is author of Mambu: A Melanesian Millennium; Tangu Traditions; New Heaven, New Earth; Encountering Aborigines; and Someone, No one. Clarke Garrett is Professor of History at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He is author of Respectable Folly: Mil lenarians and the French Revolution in France and England, and he has used anthropological methods and perspectives within historic investigation to address issues of popular religion and ideology in eighteenth-century France. More recently, he has extended his researches to include parallel phenomena in England, Italy, and colonial America. Cristiano Grottanelli is Professor lncaricato of the History of Hebrew Religion at the University of Rome and also Ricercatore with the Institute of Near Eastern Studies at the same university. He is author of more than fifty articles in English, French, and Italian on the comparative study of myth and religion, and is also co-editor of Divina;:.ione, Magia e Pot ere Politica (forthcoming) and Divisione delle Carni, Organi::.::.a::.ione del Cosmo, Dinamica Sociale. Christopher Hill retired as Master of Balliol College, Oxford University, in 1978, having served in that capacity since 1965 and having been a Fell ow of Balliol since 1938. The acknowledged doyen of historical studies of seventeenth-century England, he is author of numerous works, including Economic Problems if the Church; The Century if Revolution; Society and Puritanism in Pre revolutionary England; Intellectual Origins if the English Revolution; Antichrist in 17th Century England; and The lt'orld Turned Upside Down. Vll Vlll Notes on the Contributors Joseph Jorgensen is Professor of Comparative Culture at the University of California, Irvine, having formerly served as Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. He is a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, and has delivered the Rufus Wood Leigh, theM. Crawford, and the F. 0. Butler lectures. His books include The Sun Dance Religion (recipient of a C. Wright Mills book award) and Western Indians. He continues to conduct primary research among Alaskan Eskimos, several American Indian tribes, and non-Indian ranchers and farmers in America's mountain west. Lansine Kaba is Professor of History at the University of Minnesota, specialising in the study of Islam in su.b-Saharan Africa. He has recently completed a major history of the Songhay empire, having earlier authored The Wahhabiya: Islamic Riform and Politics in French West Africa, a book which was awarded the Melville Herskovits award of the African Studies Association. Nikki Keddie is Professor of History at the University of California, Los Angeles, her work being primarily devoted to the history of Islam in Iran, where she has conducted extensive research, with special emphasis upon its sociopolitical dimen sions. She is editor of numerous works and author of Religion and Rebellion in Iran; An Islamic Response to Imperialism; and The Roots qf Rebellion. Vittorio Lanternari is Professor of Ethnology at the University of Rome, having previously been Professor of Ethnology and History of Religions at the University of Bari. He has conducted fieldwork in Ghana on new religious movements and the relations between agriculture and religion. His major writings include The Religions qf the Oppressed; La Grande Festa; Occidente e Ter:::.o Mondo (English translation forthcoming); Antropologia e lmperialismo; Crisi e Ricerca d'Identita; L 'lncivilimento dei Barbari; and Festa, Carisma, Apocalisse. Bruce Lincoln, the editor, is Professor of Humanities and Religious Studies at the University of Minnesota. He has also served as Visiting Professor of Anthropology at the University of Siena, and as Visiting Professor of History of Religions at the University ofUppsala. Initially trained as a historian of religions, Notes on the Contributors IX he studied under Mircea Eliade at the University of Chicago, where he received his doctorate in 1976. His publications include Priests, Warriors, and Cattle: A Study in the Ecology if Religions; Emerging from the Chrysalis: Studies in Rituals if Women's Initiation; and Myth, Cosmos, and Society: Indo-European Themes if Creation and Destruction. Roland Robertson is Professor of Sociology and Religious Studies and Senior Research Fellow in the Center for Inter national Studies at the University of Pittsburgh. Previously he has held teaching appointments at the University of York, University of Essex, and University of Leeds. He is author or co-author of International Systems and the Modernization if Socieites; The Sociological Interpretation if Religion; Deviance, Crime, and Sociolegal Control; Meaning and Change; Identity and Authority; and he is also editor of Sociology if Religion. .

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