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APT HOWTO (Obsolete Documentation)

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APT HOWTO (Obsolete Documentation) APT HOWTO (Obsolete Documentation) Gustavo Noronha Silva <[email protected]> 1.7.6 - 2002 年 1 月 ...要要要 こ.£書/、Debian .1#ケージ管理Fー&ィJ&ィ'あK APT ."き+$い&、 Fー ザ+深く理解し&BIうこ(R4¿し&い>す。そ.目¿/、新しい Debian Fーザ.生 aRS+したJ、シス&@管理+$い&理解R深Aたい(Áう®.±助け( *Kこ(' す。Debian Fーザが3ILKサ=ー(R改NすK目¿'、Debian 7M ジェク(.たA+ù 成されました。 QQQùùùñññJJJooo Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Gustavo Noronha Silva This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details. A copy of the GNU General Public License is available as /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL in the Debian GNU/Linux distribution or on the World Wide Web at the GNU General Public Licence. You can also obtain it by writing to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. i 目目目 hhh 1 //はじじじめAA+++ 1 2 ÇÇÇ%%%¿¿¿***設設設¡¡¡ 3 2.1 /etc/apt/sources.list ファイル .............................3 2.2 Mーカル'. APT .1いè ...............................4 2.3 sources.list 5ァ イ K+記述す 9き最Á*?Iーサ イ(.決¡: netselect, netselect-apt........................................5 2.4 sources.list ファイル+ CD-ROM R追加する .....................6 3 111##ッケケケーーージジジ...管管管理理理 9 3.1 利用可能*パッケージ.K覧Rf新する .......................9 3.2 パッケージ.インストーK ...............................9 3.3 パッケージ.ú! ..................................... 11 3.4 パッケージ.アップグレー) .............................. 12 3.5 新JJース8.アップグレー) ............................. 13 3.6 APT R dselect (K緒+1う .............................. 15 3.7 インストーK済パッケージR6¡0ージョン.>>Èfするèê ......... 16 4 (((&&&BBBÃÃÃ利利利***ÏÏÏ助助助777MMログググラII@@@ 19 4.1 Mーカル'コンパイルされたパッケージ.インストーKèê: equivs....... 19 4.2 1用されていない locale ファイルRú!: localepurge................ 21 5 111##ッケケケーーージジジsss報報報...qqq±±± 23 5.1 パッケージe.発ú ................................... 23 5.2 dpkg R1#&パッケージeR探す ........................... 26 5.3 “9要+»じて” パッケージRインストーKするèê ................ 26 5.4 パッケージ.¼f点Rr+'らせるèê ....................... 27 目 h ii 6 ソソソーーースススパ11##ッケケケーーージジジ'''...ùùù[[[ 29 6.1 ソースパッケージ.ダウンロー) ........................... 29 6.2 ソースパッケージ.コンパイル+9要*パッケージ ................. 30 7 エエエラIIーーー888...ËËË処処処èèèêêê 31 7.1 よくあるエラー ...................................... 31 7.2 8K7はどこにありますか?............................... 32 8 APT +++ËËË»»»ししして&ていいいるKK''ディィィスススト((JJJ333EEEーーーシシショGGSSS///? 33 9 クククレLレジジジッ##((( 35 10 こここの..!!!EEEーーー(((JJリアアアルKK...新新新000ーーージジジョGGSSS 37 1 RRR 1 //はじじじめAA+++ 初A+ .tar.gz あJき。Fーザた!/、r分. GNU/Linux シス&@'1いたい 7MグI@ 1+コS1イKし*けL0*J>せS'した。Debian がùILたg、 >シS+イSス(ー KさLた1#ケージ.管理機能R&えたシス&@が9要 ( zえIL>した。dpkg (い う.が、そ.シス&@+ÄえILたeM'す。 こうし&²e* ’1#ケージ’ (いうB. が、Debian +最初+BたIさLた.'す。 そL/ Red Hat が、;r. rpm シス&@RùM うと決 した2しMのことでした。 すぐ+新た*ジLS>が、GNU/Linux 製ù者た!.心?+生>L>した。 彼Iが9要(し &いK./、1#ケージ­.,³¯©Rr#¿+管理し、 ア#7グLー(?'B設¡5ァイ K+F4R払#&くLK、高©'、実用¿*、 I率.高いèê #た.'す。ここ'B> た、Debian が.R切J$い& APT - Advanced Packaging Tool - R#?õし>した。APT / そLかI Conective +H#& rpm 'B1えKHう;植さL、そL)).'ィス(J3Eー ション+BÁ合するように なりました。 %>+EアK'/、Conectiva +HK APT .;植'あK apt-rpm +/触L>せS。 しかし その目¿.8.%£書8. “1#!” /歓Ïします。 R 1. はじめに 2 3 RRR 2 ÇÇÇ%%%¿¿¿***設設設¡¡¡ 2.1 /etc/apt/sources.list 55ファァァイイイルKK APT /}ù.K部+、利用可能*1#ケージ.K覧'あK ’ソース’ 5ァイKR 1用し> す。このファイルが /etc/apt/sources.list です。 このファイル+/通r、以下のようなエントリがあります。 deb http://host/debian distribution section1 section2 section3 deb-src http://host/debian distribution section1 section2 section3 B!MS、h記/è空.B.'あ#&、そ.>>'/1え>せS。 ?行.冒頭+あK deb ( deb-src /、アーカイ6.¶CR oし&い>す。$>J、通r1うコS1イK済.1# ケージ'あK0イ*J 1#ケージ (deb)。そLかI、オJジ*K.7MグI@ソース( Debian . コS(MーK5ァイK (.dsc) 、おH37MグI@R ’Debian 化’ すK.+9要* ¼f点R含S diff.gz からなるソースパッケージ (deb-src) です。 Debian .デフォルト. sources.list /hのようになっています。 # See sources.list(5) for more information, especialy # Remember that you can only use http, ftp or file URIs # CDROMs are managed through the apt-cdrom tool. deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org stable/updates main contrib non-free # Uncomment if you want the apt-get source function to work #deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free #deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free )h/ Debian .Ç%イSス(ーK+9要*行'す。最初. deb 行/、 オ5ィシCK.アー カイ6Roし&い>す。2 行目/ non-US アーカイ6、 3 行目/ Debian セキEJ&ィア#7 グレー).アーカイブです。 R 2. Ç%¿*設¡ 4 最4. 2 行/コAS(アウ(さL& (’#’ '8>#&) いK.'、apt-get /\Tし>す。 こL I/ deb-src 行'、Debian .ソース1#ケージRAし&い>す。 &ス(D再コS1イK目 ¿'7MグI@ソースR^ú+ ウSMー)すK.*I、 こLI.行.コAS(R)し&く ださい。 /etc/apt/sources.list 5ァイK+/、?¶.行R¹êさせKこ(が 'き>す。APT / http, ftp, file (MーカK 5ァイK、た(え0>ウS(さLた ISO9660 5ァイKシス&@ ?.ディレクトリ *)), ssh *)、:*K¶C.アーカイブ+BË»できます。 2.2 MMMーーーカカカルKK'''... APT ...111いいいèèè º数. .deb 1#ケージRイSス(ーKすKè+、,³¯©Rr#¿+解決 すKたA+ APT R1いたくなるgがあるでしょう。 そのためには .deb ファイルRÄAKディレクトリRùってください。 Fえば: mkdir /root/debs h+ /root 'ィLク(JU+q#&、空.5ァイKRù#&く さい。 eM/何'Bjい> せS。こL/、APT .L=ジ(Jが “override” (いう e''ILK5ァイKR9要(すK かI'す。こL/空'Bjい>せSが、 ³ê/し&い*けL0*J>せS。こ.¶.5ァイ KRùK.+/、h. コマンドが利用できます。 touch file こ.5ァイK.?'、1#ケージ+bい&くKオ7シGSRh書きすKたA. オ7シGSR ¡義することもできます。F/以下.通J: package priority section F.?'、package /1#ケージe、priority / low, medium, high . いずLか、section / そのパッケージが«するジャンルです。そのファイル/ 空.>>'Bjいません。 さらに /root ディレクトリU'h.コマンドR実行してください: dpkg-scanpackages debs file | gzip > debs/Packages.gz h 記 . F ? 、file / “override” 5 ァ イ K R A ¡ し & く さ い 。 h 記 コ > S ) /、debs/Packages.gz (いうe.1#ケージ+¯すK ?¶s報R含S 5ァイKR生成し >す。こ.5ァイKが APT + 1OL>す。最4+、1#ケージR1用すKたA sources.list + 以下.行R追加してください。 deb file:/root debs/ R 2. Ç%¿*設¡ 5 こ.4/、n#通J+ APT .コ>S)R1う け'す。ソース.L=ジ(JB 生成すKこ (が'き>す。そ.たA.±順/$じ'すが、.orig.tar.gz ( .diff.gz 5ァイKが* けL0*Iず、生成さLK5ァイKB Packages.gz .代OJ+ Sources.gz (*J>す。生成 用.7MグI@B:*J >す。dpkg-scansources 'す。コ>S)IイS/h.Hう+ * ります。 dpkg-scansources debs | gzip > debs/Sources.gz dpkg-scansources + / “override” 5 ァ イ K が a 要 ' あ K こ ( + F 4 し & く さ い。sources.list .記述/hのようになります。 deb-src file:/root debs/ 2.3 sources.list 555ァァァイイイKKK+++記記記述述述すすす999ききき最最最ÁÁÁ***???IIIーーーサササイイイ(((...決決決¡¡¡: netselect, netselect-apt ®+8Aた0かJ.Fーザが­Bい*く抱く疑問があJ>す - 6sources.list +記述す9 き Debian .?Iーサイ(/)L'すか?7。).?Iー+すK.かR 決AK+/、ºく.è êがあJ>す。おそIく熟`者*I、いく$か.?Iー+ ping RÂ#&g­R§KスクJ 7(Rf#&いK'しGう。'すが我々.たA+B、 $じこ(Rし&くLK7MグI@があ ります - netselect です。 netselect .インストーK/、いつものようにするだけです: apt-get install netselect 1IAータ\し'実行すK(、8K7がJoさL>す。ス:ース'{切#た ;ス( (?Iー) .Jス(Rbけ&実行すK(、K$.;ス((そ.スコアR Áし>す。こ.スコア/、Å¡ ping g­( hops 数 (接®要求が目¿(+到達 すK>'+Á¸した;ス(.数)、逆比FすK Å¡ダウンMー)©度 (H#& 2ないほ)可) *)RÈ$して$õされます。コマン)がÁす ;ス(/、 最2.スコア(*#た 1 $ け'す (-vv オ7シGSRbけL0、QDÏ. スコ アがõ2されます)。以下.FR参Kしてください: bash$ netselect ftp.debian.org http.us.debian.org ftp.at.debian.org download.unesp.br ftp.debian.org.br 365 ftp.debian.org.br bash$ h記.4J/、netselect .1IAータ(し&渡した?Iー.?'、 ftp.debian.org.br が最Á'あJ、スコア/ 365 'あK(いうこ( 'す (F4し&く さい!! こL/M.コS 4Eータ'実行したB.'あJ、 -#(Oーク接®¿/接®=イS(+H#&大きく:* J>す。こ.スコア /、9ずしB¹.コS4Eータ'.結果(K0すKOけ'/あJ>せ S)。 R 2. Ç%¿*設¡ 6 さあ、netselect がú$けた最©.?IーR /etc/apt/sources.list 5ァイK+記述し& (‘/etc/apt/sources.list 5ァイK’ on page3 参K)、‘1#ケージ.管理’ on page9 +あK tips +ãってください。 FFF444: ?Iー.K覧/、 http://www.debian.org/mirror/mirrors_full (いう5ァ イルR úL0、いつでもわかります。 0ージGS 0.3 かI、netselect 1#ケージ+/ netselect-apt (いうスクJ7(が含>LK Hう+*J>した。こL/h記. 7MセスRr#¿+行*#&くLKB.'す。'ィス( J3EーシGS. ¶C ('5ォK(/ stable) R1IAータ(し&実行すK け'、最Á* main ( non-US .?Iーが記述さLた sources.list が生成さL、 ®いK'ィLク(JU +¬/さL>す。)下/、stable 'ィス(J 3EーシGS用. sources.list R生成すKF' す。 bash$ ls sources.list ls: sources.list: File or directory not found bash$ netselect-apt stable (...) bash$ ls -l sources.list sources.list bash$ FFF記記記: sources.list 5ァイK/、コ>S)R 実行した'ィLク(JU+生成さL>す。そ .4、/etc/apt/ ディレクトリ+;#しなければなりません。 )降/ ‘パッケージ.管理’ on page9 にある tips +ãってください。 2.4 sources.list 55ファァァイイイルKK+++ CD-ROM RRR追追追加加加すすするKK APT R1#&1#ケージRイSス(ーKしたJ、シス&@Rr#¿+ア#7 グLー)すK .+ CD-ROM R1いたいのなI、それR sources.list +記述することができます。その ためには、以下.Fのように apt-cdrom プログラムR1用してください。 apt-cdrom add )Iイ6+ Debian . CD-ROM RqL&おい&く さい。7MグI@/ CD-ROM R>ウS (し、!CS(した Debian . CD 'あL01#ケージ+ ¯すKs報R探し>す。CD-ROM .設¡がやや¼わっているo合'B、以下. オプションR1うことができます。 -h - 8K7RJo -d directory - CD-ROM .マウント+/ -r - xxされた CD-ROM .eM¼f -m - マウントR行なわない -f - 高©Bー)、package ファイル.チェックR行なわない -a - 厳Pスキャンモー) R 2. Ç%¿*設¡ 7 Fえばhのように: apt-cdrom -d /home/kov/mycdrom add sources.list +追加することなしに、CD-ROM Rx·させることもできます。 apt-cdrom ident このプログラム/ CD-ROM が /etc/fstab U'Á切+設¡ されているo合.?#ùするこ (+F4してください。 R 2. Ç%¿*設¡ 8 9 RRR 3 111##ッケケケーーージジジ...管管管理理理 3.1 利利利用用用可可可能能能***111##ッケケケーーージジジ...KKK覧覧覧RRRfff新新新すすするKK ).1#ケージがイSス(ーK済'、)LがKイSス(ーKか、).1#ケージが イSス (ーK可能か+$い&.記録用+、1#ケージシス&@/7Iイ9ー(* 'ータ9ースR1 用し>す。apt-get 7MグI@/、Fーザが イSス(ーKR要求した1#ケージRú$け たJ、そ.1#ケージがÁ切+#ù すKたA+9要*追加1#ケージRú$けK.+、こ.
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