DOCSLIB.ORG

S-0533-0006-0001-00001 UC.Tif

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
S-0533-0006-0001-00001 UC.Tif 2s ~ - 0 2 Od- /'14b UNARCHJVES PLEASE RET /J!~< ORIGINAL ORDER SERIES 05:j3 BOX ooof;, FILE CO?/ ACC. C . f: . ( B U L( r) ~oc - .A- -.-/3 . Cvcf·J4 ' M . #=c-IY0 ' ~~ / ~ .. Y ( . ' C.P.( BUL/P) Doc. 1. Pnris , Aurrust 25 , 1946. Amenctr.1ents to cind obDtJi"'V': t :Lons on the P:c·eccmble to tlw Dr:='_:f·(; ?co.cc 'l're;::. ty v1i th D,l~U , l <...r_)· ·.··• •• rJ.'.,.,• c~ •. 1) 'l'ho :.Ju l .·~::. ~J.' i nn :tk l e: ~c: ti un ) I' OjJoseo t0 .i.nclu.:le in tht: Pr·:,::u::l', le:; n. r emin\.ler th:1:i; Bul.::;r:.. rLI. c; t ,:t rt -::c~_ iili1i t :~ r y opc: rntions 2': -~~ Linst Gcrm.::1n troops, not ~xtter the si L;ning of the C. l'I:tir:, tic\; on CJc t o~~lC r 20 ,1 944, os D.j;Jpe-:.:.pc; frou t b .: te:x:t crf' the 1we::.: ont 2r c::~ni J l c , ·::.ut :"'...:; e ~ rly ~ -~s 3ept (;ffi1Je:i:- 10, 'I(}Lj.L~, r,s SGO'i1 , tS t,h(; F·l.ccist Govc~fl.r-1CJ1t \r.c OVd'­ turned un<l povier ·G2"1.ke:n over -~) Y the l•' .t J:t,· rlc.n <'. JJ'ront. 2 ) ' rr he Dc le;;ution ) ro:;,!080S th :;. t :::. ulcJ.r :L~J. l;c; : :'(:'Go~ : ni::;cd ~~;-::; :J. Gu ­ belligE;I'Emt in t h8 <:'-ll ti- Ei tle:r.' e u'.~ .u -Gio)D ...~-~ld. t h .. t th:Lc r~cc ;~ ni ti on be includcc.l. i n tho PJ:·oD.rno l c t o ""G h<:; Peace Trc;:t ty. 3) d:L t hout pro)osin:_::: tu cli .<J.n c ~;, tht.: t0xt o:t· ·C. l1c P:;:•c ::~" i LJ lt:: ; at t ll:is point, t l1o Dulgr:.l'i::m D8lugct ti(Jn ·1cc~.l. ..~ rc ::.> that liu l ;_; oria 1 8 p z:. rtici­ pution in t he vr~r on Gcrm:.:ny ' f; s:U.\.., c ~·:.il ':)c snnu1ell. up in tl:'tG fol io~ ing pnr~graphs : a) Bul gari a s :L [;nr,c.l. nn o. J. li~.:. ncc · ~fi th IIi tlcri to Gvc111D.:ny :1.n:1 a[_;T'0ec1 th ~.;. t her t o:r>r i tory 'Lc Gi'<.:tnaf'm.'liH/'. :i.1no ::~ Gcl'i~l[lll mill tc.r;v· ;1ase ; b ) On the caGc ~ ti o n u~ milit~ry opcrntions in this rccion, she held n :tFrt of thu /·. e .:~; eo.. J1 l'uc i on of' Grcuc8 in occup .::.:. tion by Bu l [;·-~ :t•_,_ o.n troo:JS 9 C1. i> .icl.l ,_,_f·, jXU"t 0:t' Yucosl nvio. ' ,:_; t c:::e ri t oPy -.-:hc J t:; s :te put clo':m Uj)l•ie.1ncs or c·;ollised b y the r cs i c·La:rH;c :no vcment; · c) Ghe c1-:~c l ;:'c r(:;(l ·:.' etr on Grc:1. i:. :;:_~:eitr;.L'l :J..nc:. t lle U:n:Lt,,(l. C.h~:.xl;c.J ·"'.nc1 forcoc1. the U. D. ;j . ~ L ;_·,_n;l. o i:".h,Jl.' Ur.Li \~ :.::zl 1.-:·;_l.·d uns to • d) Bu l g.J. ri ~l.n force s of occup;. t.lon jj;~ ~rt i ci:; ;;c:. te d. on ucvcc ' ~:<J. occasionG in th t~ oporrc tionD _undcr•t :·~l:cr.~ 'Ll y t h0 (h;rLnn trc.,ops 3. '_-_:z:tinot t h'-, N :-::G:L t)n~;. l .\rra;:' oi' Li1k;r ··'. ·C:L o u of Yu :_:oslavic.. • 1 .., !' -- ·.• C. P. ( DUL/P)Doc . 1 2. These cr·L11in.:tl ctct;:.; pc :. f ormcc1 by :pr·o- ILL tl\.;ri t c lc c1. t101: L-i , to '<t hom the J.:>u l r:cTi::m P coj)lc 1 s CotH't h:;.s lilvc .... d out n sevc:I'C punLshir1ent , cho. r•o..ctcrise Du l L~·:·.ria 1 s p' ;. r·tici:;J;::.- ~Lm in tl1e vm:t"' o.g:...:.i n s t the Uni te c1 Nu. tionG ~-.ril r&wt be c onsi dcre J :·ts ~iul r;D. rj_ o. 1 s 1;letXil1mm responsi ~Jili ty i :.t this ·.mr. 4) -ii th0ut :.,)::..,o:~)DSin :.3 n.ny ~".incnc'Lx nt to the text of t he J?re: ;:ciil1) l c at thi:'; point ci t l1c,:c, the Bul g·.ri::o.n c: 1 .clc. ~ . c-n i on dcclr'.rcs t l1c·,i; l o n ,:~ 'jef ol"'C brcal;:inc: o:C"f the nllicmcc v-; i t h G crr1 l ~l. llY, ;:mO. l o n ~; l;c:f c.H·e Jul carin.'s p ~ rticip a ti o n in t he ~n r on t h e s i de of the United Net tions rucn·done (1. in t he _:;l"'CO.iTible, t he ~~·. ul :_::;-..r i o. n IJUO}) l 8 I)Ursucc1 a fierce fic;ht .'lS,Clinst the }i'c,scist cUct.J. t orshi J.J tU1<l the Gc;rmo.n occupo.tion. I.s fctr> iJ:l.cl: a s 192.) 1 thc1.·c -\;c :t'G tt1rcc ··'.l'l1lG d u~n'isinvs ncc.. i nt-> t t i1.e ::::·2.. scist Gov crj·Jiacn·cs . Durin.'_; t ttc w ~n · ~n iia)ol'tcmt rcsi-sto.nce movcucnt s~;r:- · 11 .'.!. U~ ) unrlur the .Lc: ~.. kc•:-:->h.i :,-' of' the F f1 thcrlcmcl Front, r.u1d. o. stron~ ~ l)Ctr t is c~n t•.:>L1Y ,; '_.:; nc:ti ve 1Jchind the GcnTl:-'.. 11 lines. Thnnlcs t o tho I'0SLJt~ncc oi' ths j1C'O) l u ~.md the :1rmy , ::m et in spite of' ::1. .stronu; j_J:L"'cssu:.- c ·_m the p~ll't of Hi tlur, no ~ ' _j ul c.c, ri o. n troops \;·ere sent ,to the Jl;as i;er'n ~-' ront . 'i'he l''uscist Gov c:::·n.<llGnts we;:·e n.lso coii1l)Cllcil to r· cf' r ~·,_ in f:r·om ucnd.LlJ any troops '..i.J:~ in st Greo:c Brito.in and t he United .:_) t ~'.tea. li'or t he sm:1u rc,~wo.ns , tho c nm:LKtiE;n a. i LlocL a t sencli .~ l ::_: 11 vc,luntccrs;' :.tE)linst Sovi e t ::?.u :., f n. ·,rcw a compl0tc :f'G ilurc. 'l'hc oposition of the :;v.;o;_.Jlc :_:m ,:L the arltlY \VCl"'e c. serious o1Jst::.c l c in ·chc .JC.t Y t o n fullc P pn:c· tic i :y.tti on of the Bulgo.ri ::n troops in -c :1o O:!:J e1: ~~.t ions uncl.e :L,t -:l:en "oy ,_} ,:; :._'t,l~lny :113c.. ins t the Yu ~: osL t v r',r my of Liberation. ',ihen the Hc;c1 "'~rmy ent.;.n 'e '-1 Bulc nrio., tht.: )GO:;_) l c O.ilJ. the ,:~ r , · y rE.; vol t t;\1 o.nd :. ftcr ov c rturnin:; the pro-11itle;rito Govurnment on Sc)t8fi1i)CP 9~ 19L~ 4, siclecl ~,i ith the U. S .S, 11 ., Grcc.t Drita in u.ael. the Uni cLc1 bt ~:-::cos oi' A1.1G r ~ic a . •1 i thout \ID.itinc for t he ).l'i!lictiee to l·e for>L~8. lly :-::>i ,3 noc1, ti1o Gov0r nment of' the P -~ t [1crlo.nd ' s Front, ii-ru, ledi<.t:cc ly unJ.c;1:·took opc:;.:c.tions o.c.".. inst Ge; rmo.ny, cc"c thu <>JJ1lG tiiJ G orc1crin :_ ; the clr D.:ftinr of J·w c;ntii'u :ll"'.. lU(l force 'ii hieh i, <~n.chcc.1 the fi:;uy•e; of 418,000 'L1cn. Severc. l Dulr:;:n"'i ::·.n 2.rJ:1i cs t ot r·,llin c~ 250 , 000 fi c h t c;l"'G , f'ouJ ht O.Jc,inst the Gcl"'l'l10.:1 troo1_;s in Yucosl r•.-v-i a , nun .r_;c~ry ard .:J..ustria. For cic;ht months tlw D ul ::s ~1r i an Ara~r \J;~·,s a y~ l't of tho jrd Ukrainia n Fron·i; am1 c,(, t ed. in c l ose co:.,.lo.borrttion . i th the YU;:_;osla v ;;_ r r.w of Li '.Jer~l. ti o n. Through those operations, Bu l g~.;. ri e. h etlne:: :1L:,-~ t hl, ,_:; y::c1.Ft tion of Gro~:::ce o.nc~ cohtri~ ) ute d to the li- t..: r ntLm of Yu c;oa l :~ vi u [.\nd. t o the :Lino.l tlcfeo.t of Hi tlori to !:rc:emo.ny . I n ·chi s -,,n1.r Dul :_~n r i o. lost ;aore thn. n j2,000 lci1l ocl !Hid '.Jounc1ecl n. n cl su:i:"i'e:c·e;cl u n tcriul losses exceeding 290 million ~ oll n rs . i~ l thouch riot f'ormnlly recognised ~~B o. co -l)(;l~ i ~?Pe n~, Bulguric.. , nvvsr> thelcss , exlli·:ji tc(l eve:Py ch :J. r ~·. c-c c J.'l B -clc o1 a co-belligerent stnt o . PALAIS DU LUXZMDOURG, P>~.RIS. Au gust 25, 1946. C .P . (BUL/P) Doe. 2 PA:RI§_ C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TUBERCULOSIS in GREECE an Experiment in the Relief and Rehabilitation of a Country by J
    TUBERCULOSIS IN GREECE An Experiment in the Relief and Rehabilitation of a Country By J. B. McDOUGALL, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. (Ed.), F.R.S.E.; Late Consultant in Tuberculosis, Greece, UNRRA INTRODUCTION In Greece, we follow the traditions of truly great men in all branches of science, and in none more than in the science of medicine. Charles Singer has rightly said - "Without Herophilus, we should have had no Harvey, and the rise of physiology might have been delayed for centuries. Had Galen's works not survived, Vesalius would have never reconstructed anatomy, and surgery too might have stayed behind with her laggard sister, Medicine. The Hippo- cratic collection was the necessary and acknowledged basis for the work of the greatest of modern clinical observers, Sydenham, and the teaching of Hippocrates and his school is still the substantial basis of instruction in the wards of a modern hospital." When we consider the paucity of the raw material with which the Father of Medicine had to work-the absence of the precise scientific method, a population no larger than that of a small town in England, the opposition of religious doctrines and dogma which concerned themselves largely with the healing art, and a natural tendency to speculate on theory rather than to face the practical problems involved-it is indeed remarkable that we have been left a heritage in clinical medicine which has never been excelled. Nearly 2,000 years elapsed before any really vital advances were made on the fundamentals as laid down by the Hippocratic School.
    [Show full text]
  • Minoan Long-Distance Trade: a View from the Northern Aegean *
    MINOAN LONG-DISTANCE TRADE: A VIEW FROM THE NORTHERN AEGEAN * For SincIair Hood Minoan scholars have occupied themselves with Minoan foreign relations since Sir Arthur Evans wrote The Palace of Minos. The long-standing question of the importance of the external trade has received a variety of answers and has provided a rich coIlection of ideas from rnaximality to minimality I. The renewed interest in Minoan "colonies" and in the concept of a Minoan "thalassocracy" has revived the debate about the movement of peoples and trade goods in the Aegean as well as about trade-notions like the incentivejincentives, and the organisationalloperational structure. A small set of new data from the excavations of the 19th Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities at the tell-settlement site Miko Vouni 2 on the south-western shore of Sarnothrace, in the north- eastern Aegean, offers a new insight into the subject. During the excavation of a vertical sounding with an area of 28 m2 near the summit of the mound in order to establish the site's sequence, five Minoan clay mini documents were discovered, namely two roundels two noduli and a nodule, illustrating perhaps the best example of the pan-Aegean perspective required for the study of the prehistory of the Aegean islands 3. Apart from the unstratified nodulus (Pl. XXXIV), the remaining were contents of a layer of destruction 5 with a thickness of ca. 0.90 m in the deposits of the second, counting from the surface, * The following abbreviations are used in addition to the regular abbr. for periodicals: CHIC: 1.-P.
    [Show full text]
  • Greece in the Late Roman Period
    Greece in the Late Roman Period Maria Louise van Kleef 26th April 2010 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Late Antiquity . 1 1.2 Greece . 2 1.3 This thesis . 3 I Late Antiquity 5 2 Historical background 7 2.1 Diocletian . 7 2.2 Constantine I . 8 2.2.1 the end of the Tetrarchy . 8 2.2.2 Constantine as sole emperor . 8 2.3 The dichotomy of the Roman Empire . 9 2.3.1 Theodosius the Great and his sons . 10 2.3.2 The Western Empire . 10 2.3.3 The Eastern Empire . 11 2.4 Justinian and the end of the Late Roman period . 12 2.4.1 Justinian . 12 2.4.2 the emperors of the Late Roman Empire . 13 3 sources 15 3.1 Literature . 15 3.1.1 Language . 15 3.1.2 The influence of Christianity . 16 3.1.3 Historiography . 17 3.1.4 Church Histories and Chronicals . 19 3.1.5 Other literary genres . 20 3.2 Other written sources . 21 4 Governmental Organization 25 4.1 The Emperor and the Empire . 25 4.2 Aristocracy . 26 4.3 Legislation . 28 4.4 Greece and the Balkans . 29 II Case Studies 33 5 The city in Late Antiquity 35 5.1 4 urban centers in Greece . 35 5.1.1 Argos . 35 5.1.2 Athens . 37 5.1.3 Thessaloniki . 40 5.1.4 Corinthia . 44 iii iv Contents 5.2 Conclusion . 53 5.2.1 2nd and 3rd century . 53 5.2.2 4th and 5th century .
    [Show full text]
  • Dodona, Olympos, and Samothrace. a Narrative Op Personal Explorations
    A QUIET CORNER OF THE ALPS. 253 There are, besides, scarcely any sources of public instruction, and the only books found in the hands of the people are religious works. The official language is French, which is pretty familiar to the inhabitants of the valley, but the popular dialect is a patois differing con- siderably from the French. It is an Alpine patois, of which there are two varieties, both very different from the patois spoken on the plains and those spoken in the Jura. It is distinguished by the frequent use of liquid consonants, as also by the pronunciation of the letters s and z, which have the sound of th in the words teeth and leather respectively. The other peculiarity of pronunciation is the use of the sound w, as, for instance, in the word iwi, water, in which it is pronounced like w in weapon. A great many words of this patois are only corrupted from the French. Many more interesting particulars might be given of the people of the Vieze valley, their popular sayings and folklore, their numerous superstitions, their omens and auguries, their ancient usages in selling and buying, their simple municipal administration, and so on, but these have no very direct connection with geography. I shall now conclude with the wish that many British tourists who come yearly to Switzerland would cast a glance at the calm and beautiful valley that extends along the foot of the Dent du Midi. DODONA, OLYMPOS, AND SAMOTHRACE. A NARRATIVE OP PERSONAL EXPLORATIONS. By J. S. STUART-GLENNIE, M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Raftakis 2019.Pdf
    MORTALITY CHANGE IN HERMOUPOLIS, GREECE (1859-1940) Michail Raftakis Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in accordance with the requirements of the Newcastle University. School of History, Classics and Archaeology September 2019 Abstract This thesis examines mortality decline from 1859 to 1940 in the city of Hermoupolis, on the Greek island of Syros. A demographic approach is employed to understand the mechanisms of mortality decline at both local and national levels. This study produces important new insights into Greek and Mediterranean urban historical demography and is the first comprehensive study of urban mortality in Greece, utilizing the largest and one of the longest time-series yet calculated from civil registration and census data. Standard historical demographic methods were employed in this study along with the technique of nominal record linkage. A series of abridged life tables was constructed for the very first time for a Greek urban settlement, enabling the calculation of age- specific mortality rates and life expectancy. Cause-specific mortality analysis for the years 1916–1940 provided a deeper insight into the epidemiological profile of the city. Hermoupolis experienced much higher mortality levels than the national average. The findings presented here suggest that early childhood mortality started to decline rapidly as a result of mass immunisations from the late nineteenth century onwards, with declines in early adulthood and infancy following. This thesis has found that the second stage of Omran’s epidemiological transition theory was still ongoing in the 1930s, with high prevalence of infectious diseases, especially of tuberculosis among young adults and diarrhoeal diseases among infants and young children.
    [Show full text]
  • Nineteenth Quarterly Report of the Refugee Settlement Commission
    [Distributed to the Council O. 406. M. 128. 1928. II. and the Members of the League.] [F. 560.] Geneva, August 22nd, 1928. LEAGUE OF NATIONS Nineteenth Quarterly Report of the Refugee Settlement Commission. Athens, August 15th, 1928. FINANCIAL SITUATION. A. S i t u a t i o n o n J u n e 30T H , 1928. Liabilities: £ s. d. Proceeds of the 7 % 1924 L o a n .............................................................................. 9,970,016 6 9 Proceeds of the 6 % 1928 L o a n .............................................................................. 499,759 17 o Contribution of the Greek Government for the purchase of cereals in 1924 219,619 13 o Receipts (interest, etc.)..................................................................................................... 346,692 18 7 Bonds deposited by refugees as security for their debts ................................... 171,983 15 o Commitments ............................................................................................................ 167,4997 2 Various per contra accounts ........................................................................................ 349,126 4 11 T o t a l .........................................................................£11,724,698 2 5 Assets: £ s. d. Balances available at Bank and Head O ffice ........................................................ 979,942 1310 Bonds d e p o s i t e d .............................................................................................................. 171,983 15 0 Recovered advances
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 3 – 2005
    Volume 3, 2005 The Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens BULLETIN Volume 3, 2005 The AAIA Bulletin Table of Contents Letter from the Director 2 Letter from the Director ACTIVITIES IN GREECE Deputy Director’s Report from Athens 4 Dear Members and Friends of the Institute, Museums and Exhibitions in Greece 5 The 25th Anniversary Symposium 7 I am very glad that I can report in this issue of the Bulletin on two FeatuRE ARTICLES important occurrences during the past few months that have affected The Byzantine Castle at Torone the AAIA very favourably. by Pamela Armstrong 9 Roman Theatres in a Greek World by Frank Sear 16 As it was announced in the 2004 AAIA Bulletin the symposium to Ten Years of Archaeological Research at celebrate the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Institute took Xobourgo (Island of Tenos in the Cyclades) place in Athens between October 0 and 3 2005. It was launched by the by Nota Kourou 23 Governor of New South Wales, her Excellency Professor Marie Bashir, ACTIVITIES IN AUSTRALIA AC, and the key-note lecture was given in the “Aula” of the Athens Relocation of the Institute’s Headquarters 30 Significant Donations 31 Archaeological Society by the Arthur and Renée George Professor of The Institutional and Corporate Members, Classical Archaeology of the University of Sydney, Professor Margaret and Governors of the AAIA 32 Miller. The Visiting Professorship 2005 33 REPORTS FROM THE “FRIENDS” On the Australian side the opening session was attended by the The Sydney Friends 34 Ambassador, H.E. Mr. Paul Tighe, by the president of the Institute and The Tasmanian Friends 35 Chancellor of the University of Sydney, the Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11613 Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement Elie Murard Seyhun Orcan Sakalli JUNE 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11613 Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement Elie Murard IZA Seyhun Orcan Sakalli University of Lausanne JUNE 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 11613 JUNE 2018 ABSTRACT Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement* This paper investigates the long-term consequences of mass refugee inflow on economic development by examining the effect of the first large-scale population resettlement in modern history.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Essays on Literacy Development, Marital Instability, and Births Outside Marriage
    DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN ECONOMICS OF THE TUSCAN UNIVERSITIES jointly held by the Universities of Firenze, Pisa and Siena (XXXI CYCLE) Three Essays on Literacy Development, Marital Instability, and Births Outside Marriage: Empirical Evidence from the Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Greece Scientific-Disciplinary Sector: SECS-P/12 Ph.D Candidate Tryfonas Lemontzoglou Supervisor Prof. John Milios Academic Year: 2018-2019 Three Essays on Literacy Development, Marital Instability, and Births Outside Marriage: Empirical Evidence from the Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Greece. by Tryfonas Lemontzoglou Submitted to the Department of Political Economy and Statistics on the 31st of January, 2019, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Summary According to Marx, social changes are not always characterized only by new material productive forces, but also by new relations of production, as well as new forms of con- sciousness, religion, philosophy, ethics, etc. In that context, the society’s transitional pas- sage from agrarian to modern industrial modes of production brought into the political arena new social classes and antagonisms, completely changing all pre-existing relation- ships, norms and values in almost every aspect of social life. One the one hand, the newly-rising capitalist class invariably demanded the implementation of radical agrarian reforms as a prerequisite for transforming traditional agriculture into a modern farming system that would be better able to adjust to new market economy’s circumstances. On the other hand, industrial revolution significantly redefined the traditional view of gender roles within the household, allowing women to enter the paid labour market, diminishing sex-stereotyping, and reinforcing women’s autonomy and independence.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Families, Leagues, and Hybridity: the Past and Future of Slavic And
    1 Families, Leagues, and Hybridity: The Past and Future of Slavic and East European Languages Victor A. Friedman University of Chicago AATSEEL keynote address 8 January 2011 Slavic and East European Journal. Vol 55(1).1–13. 2011. INTRODUCTION This keynote speech was so well received that I have decided to take the advice of colleagues and friends and leave it almost exactly as I delivered it. Rather than tamper with the text, I have added footnotes and references where appropriate.1 It is indeed an honor for me to give the keynote address for AATSEEL in the year 2011, which marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of our organization in 1941, three weeks after the US entered World War Two. This year also marks no fewer than nine different decadal anniversaries pertaining to former Yugoslavia, four if them in 1941. Those four are the Nazi and Bulgarian invasions, the creation of the so-called Independent State of Croatia, and the Albanian annexation of Kosovo and adjacent regions. With the Bulgarian and Albanian annexations, Albanian and Bulgarian became the official languages in those territories for the duration of the occupation, and Croatian became the language of the territories controlled by the Croatian Nazi puppet state. Fifty years ago, in 1961, Musliman was used for the first time as a nationality category in a Yugoslav census, thus signaling developments that would ultimately lead to a separate Bosnian standard language as well as claims that all Slavic-speaking Muslims—including those of the Sandžak, Gora, Western Macedonia, and even the Rhodopes are Bosniacs.2 Another development that challenges boundaries of identity resulting from this category of musliman occurred in the 1994 Macedonian census, when a number of people declared musliman nationality but Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, or (unspecified) Christian religion (Zavod za Statistika 50).
    [Show full text]
  • 10Katsari-Mitchell 219..248
    THE ROMAN COLONIES OF GREECE AND ASIA MINOR. QUESTIONS OF STATE AND CIVIC IDENTITY Questions of hellenisation and romanisation in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire have been very widely discussed in modern historiography. Many of these studies have emphasized the divergence of Greek and Roman identities in the pro- vinces. Bowersock in his book Fiction as History: Nero to Julian and in other articles implies the subversion of Greek into Roman values during the Principate 1, while other researchers have insisted that the political subordination of Greece was by no means accompanied by its cultural subordination 2. Debate about the contrast, sometimes the struggle between Greek and Roman identities continued in the 1990s. Swain in his book on Hellenism and Empire argued that the educated popu- lations of the eastern provinces were loyal both to the political aspirations of Rome as well as to their Greek heritance, and he placed particular emphasis on the con- sciousness of being culturally Greek 3. Similar ideas had already been developed by Greg Woolf, who has drawn attention to the inability of Rome to romanise the eastern part of the empire in a comprehensive sense 4. On the other hand, Ando in his Imperial Ideology and Provincial Loyalty in the Roman Empire 5 has stressed the extraordinary capacity of the Romans to make Rome the communis patria of the world in a single national and political reality. Whether modern scholars take a Greek or Roman stance in their interpretation of the identities of the empire, it is common to most of these discussions that they tend to polarize the notions of Greek and Roman.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing Refugee Migration Patterns Using Geo-Tagged Tweets
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Analyzing Refugee Migration Patterns Using Geo-Tagged Tweets Franziska Hübl 1, Sreten Cvetojevic 2, Hartwig Hochmair 2 ID and Gernot Paulus 1,* ID 1 Geoinformation and Environmental Technology, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach 9524, Austria; [email protected] 2 Geomatics Program, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA; scvetojevic@ufl.edu (S.C.); hhhochmair@ufl.edu (H.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 June 2017; Accepted: 24 June 2017; Published: 2 October 2017 Abstract: Over the past few years, analysts have begun to materialize the “Citizen as Sensors” principle by analyzing human movements, trends and opinions, as well as the occurrence of events from tweets. This study aims to use geo-tagged tweets to identify and visualize refugee migration patterns from the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe during the initial surge of refugees aiming for Europe in 2015, which was caused by war and political and economic instability in those regions. The focus of this study is on exploratory data analysis, which includes refugee trajectory extraction and aggregation as well as the detection of topical clusters along migration routes using the V-Analytics toolkit. Results suggest that only few refugees use Twitter, limiting the number of extracted travel trajectories to Europe. Iterative exploration of filter parameters, dynamic result mapping, and content analysis were essential for the refinement of trajectory extraction and cluster detection. Whereas trajectory extraction suffers from data scarcity, hashtag-based topical clustering draws a clearer picture about general refugee routes and is able to find geographic areas of high tweet activities on refugee related topics.
    [Show full text]