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UNARCHJVES PLEASE RET /J!~< ORIGINAL ORDER SERIES 05:j3 BOX ooof;, FILE CO?/ ACC. C . f: . ( B U L( r) ~oc - .A- -.-/3 . Cvcf·J4 ' M . #=c-IY0 ' ~~
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C.P.( BUL/P) Doc. 1. Pnris , Aurrust 25 , 1946.
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1) 'l'ho :.Ju l .·~::. ~J.' i nn :tk l e: ~c: ti un ) I' OjJoseo t0 .i.nclu.:le in tht: Pr·:,::u::l', le:; n. r emin\.ler th:1:i; Bul.::;r:.. rLI. c; t ,:t rt -::c~_ iili1i t :~ r y opc: rntions 2': -~~ Linst Gcrm.::1n troops, not ~xtter the si L;ning of the C. l'I:tir:, tic\; on CJc t o~~lC r 20 ,1 944, os D.j;Jpe-:.:.pc; frou t b .: te:x:t crf' the 1we::.: ont 2r c::~ni J l c , ·::.ut :"'...:; e ~ rly ~ -~s 3ept (;ffi1Je:i:- 10, 'I(}Lj.L~, r,s SGO'i1 , tS t,h(; F·l.ccist Govc~fl.r-1CJ1t \r.c OVd' turned un 2 ) ' rr he Dc le;;ution ) ro:;,!080S th :;. t :::. ulcJ.r :L~J. l;c; : :'(:'Go~ : ni::;cd ~~;-::; :J. Gu belligE;I'Emt in t h8 <:'-ll ti- Ei tle:r.' e u'.~ .u -Gio)D ...~-~ld. t h .. t th:Lc r~cc ;~ ni ti on be includcc.l. i n tho PJ:·oD.rno l c t o ""G h<:; Peace Trc;:t ty. 3) d:L t hout pro)osin:_::: tu cli . a) Bul gari a s :L [;nr,c.l. nn o. J. li~.:. ncc · ~fi th IIi tlcri to Gvc111D.:ny :1.n:1 a[_;T'0ec1 th ~.;. t her t o:r>r i tory 'Lc Gi'<.:tnaf'm.'liH/'. :i.1no ::~ Gcl'i~l[lll mill tc.r;v· ;1ase ; b ) On the caGc ~ ti o n u~ milit~ry opcrntions in this rccion, she held n :tFrt of thu /·. e .:~; eo.. J1 l'uc i on of' Grcuc8 in occup .::.:. tion by Bu l [;·-~ :t•_,_ o.n troo:JS 9 C1. i> .icl.l ,_,_f·, jXU"t 0:t' Yucosl nvio. ' ,:_; t c:::e ri t oPy -.-:hc J t:; s :te put clo':m Uj)l•ie.1ncs or c·;ollised b y the r cs i c·La:rH;c :no vcment; · c) Ghe c1-:~c l ;:'c r(:;(l ·:.' etr on Grc:1. i:. :;:_~:eitr;.L'l :J..nc:. t lle U:n:Lt,,(l. C.h~:.xl;c.J ·"'.nc1 forcoc1. the U. D. ;j . ~ L ;_·,_n;l. o i:".h,Jl.' Ur.Li \~ :.::zl 1.-:·;_l.·d uns to • d) Bu l g.J. ri ~l.n force s of occup;. t.lon jj;~ ~rt i ci:; ;;c:. te d. on ucvcc ' ~: C. P. ( DUL/P)Doc . 1 2. These cr·L11in.:tl ctct;:.; pc :. f ormcc1 by :pr·o- ILL tl\.;ri t c lc c1. t101: L-i , to ' 4) -ii th0ut :.,)::..,o:~)DSin :.3 n.ny ~".incnc'Lx nt to the text of t he J?re: ;:ciil1) l c at thi:'; point ci t l1c,:c, the Bul g·.ri::o.n c: 1 .clc. ~ . c-n i on dcclr'.rcs t l1c·,i; l o n ,:~ 'jef ol"'C brcal;:inc: o:C"f the nllicmcc v-; i t h G crr1 l ~l. llY, ;:mO. l o n ~; l;c:f c.H·e Jul carin.'s p ~ rticip a ti o n in t he ~n r on t h e s i de of the United Net tions rucn·done (1. in t he _:;l"'CO.iTible, t he ~~·. ul :_::;-..r i o. n IJUO}) l 8 I)Ursucc1 a fierce fic;ht .'lS,Clinst the }i'c,scist cUct.J. t orshi J.J tU1 Thnnlcs t o tho I'0SLJt~ncc oi' ths j1C'O) l u ~.md the :1rmy , ::m et in spite of' ::1. .stronu; j_J:L"'cssu:.- c ·_m the p~ll't of Hi tlur, no ~ ' _j ul c.c, ri o. n troops \;·ere sent ,to the Jl;as i;er'n ~-' ront . 'i'he l''uscist Gov c:::·n. •1 i thout \ID.itinc for t he ).l'i!lictiee to l·e for>L~8. lly :-::>i ,3 noc1, ti1o Gov0r nment of' the P -~ t [1crlo.nd ' s Front, ii-ru, ledi<.t:cc ly unJ.c;1:·took opc:;.:c.tions o.c.".. inst Ge; rmo.ny, cc"c thu <>JJ1lG tiiJ G orc1crin :_ ; the clr D.:ftinr of J·w c;ntii'u :ll"'.. lU(l force 'ii hieh i, <~n.chcc.1 the fi:;uy•e; of 418,000 'L1cn. Severc. l Dulr:;:n"'i ::·.n 2.rJ:1i cs t ot r·,llin c~ 250 , 000 fi c h t c;l"'G , f'ouJ ht O.Jc,inst the Gcl"'l'l10.:1 troo1_;s in Yucosl r•.-v-i a , nun .r_;c~ry ard .:J..ustria. For cic;ht months tlw D ul ::s ~1r i an Ara~r \J;~·,s a y~ l't of tho jrd Ukrainia n Fron·i; am1 c,(, t ed. in c l ose co:.,.lo.borrttion . i th the YU;:_;osla v ;;_ r r.w of Li '.Jer~l. ti o n. Through those operations, Bu l g~.;. ri e. h etlne:: :1L:,-~ t hl, ,_:; y::c1.Ft tion of Gro~:::ce o.nc~ cohtri~ ) ute d to the li- t..: r ntLm of Yu c;oa l :~ vi u [.\nd. t o the :Lino.l tlcfeo.t of Hi tlori to !:rc:emo.ny . I n ·chi s -,,n1.r Dul :_~n r i o. lost ;aore thn. n j2,000 lci1l ocl !Hid '.Jounc1ecl n. n cl su:i:"i'e:c·e;cl u n tcriul losses exceeding 290 million ~ oll n rs . i~ l thouch riot f'ormnlly recognised ~~B o. co -l)(;l~ i ~?Pe n~, Bulguric.. , nvvsr> thelcss , exlli·:ji tc(l eve:Py ch :J. r ~·. c-c c J.'l B -clc o1 a co-belligerent stnt o . PALAIS DU LUXZMDOURG, P>~.RIS. Au gust 25, 1946. C .P . (BUL/P) Doe. 2 PA:RI§_ C. OF~NCE ~ oJ._jJ_j..?_Ul a~q_ .l.~~tgrial Com_gt_ts.&~ ..!_~_13ulg__ari~ ...) The foot-note t~ arti~le 1 ~f the Draft Peace Treaty with Bulgaria states that the text ~f the said article should be con- .. ~ ·' sidered as tentative, in res.pec.t of the Greek-Bulgarian frontier until the G·ov~ rnments of Greeee and Bulgaria have had an oppor tunity to present.~}:~~z to the Peace Conference or to tho Co~cil of F~eiga Ministere their respective view$ on ~his sub~ ~eot. As the C~nte~}lee j,.s aJ..:Peady aware of the existence of o&nflipting territ~~ta+ ela~ o~ the part ~f Greece and Bulgaria, the Political and ~~rritortal . Commissi~n should be given an opp~r tunity Qf hearieg ~ne verbal statements ~f both interested parties he:f~re epening the debate. ~n the above Article. We th:~~ open the dis~ussion o'f Artiele 1 before the Bulgarian Delegation ~as been asked to state ~ts views orally ~n the question of the Greek-Bulga.rtaa -frontier, a.nd the Bulgarian Delegation has also been given tne op~ortunity t~ · hear the ver~al statQment of the Greek Delegati.o~ • . C .P. (BUL/P-) Doc. 3 27 aout 1946 PARIS CO NFERliiN OE Political and Territorial Gommission for Bulgaria . I.) Ai .EJNDif2~NT P~QPO_§JJD BY ·:rilE DELEGATION OF AUSTRALIA ;p3.A.CE_ _TRE.h.TI_ WITH BULGARIA. . (revised t ext) Preamble Fourth Re cital to be amended to read as fellows : "Whereas the Allied and As so II.) ...... ,__,:jtJB-AI __ ,....,..,.,. __VENDi ..._...___ viENT. . - PROPO. .sffiJD BY' THE YOUGO.SLAV DEL3G.ATION.- Insert after the words : da Treaty cf Peace 11 , the words : itin which their wil:lh to o"!1serve the principles of Justice will find its expref?sion"~ Luxembourg Palace, Paris, 27th August 1946. C. P . ( B UL/.P) 2nd September PARIS CONFEREN CE ------and Territorial Commi ssion for Bulgaria AMENDMENT PROPOSED BY &HE DELEGATION OF' , AUSTRL\LIA. DR~FT PEACE TREATY WITH BULGARIA. AR'JI ICLE 2. Re-number pr esent Article 2 Article 2 paragraph (1 ) . Add f ollowi ng par agraph:- ( 2) "Bulgar ia undertakes that in order to fulf il the obligations under paragr aph 1 of this article, those obligations shall be r ecognized as fundame ntal l o.ws and that no law, r egul a tion or official action shall conflict or 1nterfere with those obligations, nor shall any l aw , r egula tion or off icial action prevail over t hem. 11 Luxembourg Palace FarisJ 2nd Sept emb er 1946. llll ' CP ( ~U:.LLP) Doc . .5. SPEECELJ?.J r~l-JE BULGARIAN REPRESENTATIVE. at the 5th Mee ting of the Political and Territorial Co:mr:1i ssion ho l d at tho Palais du Luxembourg on tho 2nd of September 1946 / Mr . Chairman, Gent l emen ( Tho draft 'I' r oaty provide s that tho front i er s of Bul gari a shall be the sruno as on 1st J anu o..r y , 1 9~- 1. Wo are , howovor, c:; ive n an opportunity,. as is tho Gr ook Dol o gat ion, of oxplc..ining our point of view to t he Peace Conference . I wish f irst of o.. ll, Mr . Chairman and member s of tho Territorial and Political Commission for Bul garia, to expr ess our gratitude f or t ho invit nti on vro have r e ce ived to defend before tho Corn:mi ssion tho ;interests of our countr y . Before actually boginnint; to oxmnino tho question at issu e between Bul garia and Gr ecco , I should like t o emphasize two import ant facts : 1. Thor o is no frontier dispute between Bulgario. and Yugosl avia ; all t ho qu0stions at issuo between those two countries have boon settled or ar c in course of settlement by direct negot iation bet ween tho two countries . ·2 . Tho futu~o Peace Treaty will certainly provi de f or tho r ovl s lon of tho Treati e s of Bucharest and Neuil l y as roc;ards tho Bulg."?.ro- Homnanian f r ontior. Thos e t wo neighbour i n::; countries have agr• ood bo t woon themsel ves to remedy an injustice which was pois oning the ir r e l ations . The frontier between Bul gar ia and Roumania will· bo the same as t hat existing b'eforo t ho t wo fratricido.. l wars of 1913 and 1916 . This constitutes Btriking proof that tho Balkan peoples now that t hoy contr ol t heir own destinies ar o abl e t o s e t t l e cont entious questions t hemsel ves . In pn.ragraph 1. of t ho dr aft Treaty it is suggested t hat tho status quo 2.s e;x::isting on 1st J oJ1uary, 1941 ~houl d bo maint ained 2.s r ogru.... ds t ho Gro co- Bult;c,rian front i or . . , . Bulgaria cons iders t hat it is essent ial that in,iustico s shoul d be romodiod pnd not perpet uated, if it is ran.lly dcsir ad to lay on 8. firm f oundation for fruitful o.nd peaceful col le.borc..ti on botwoon t ho v arious Bnl kan poopl os • . QF ( BUL/P) Doc , 5 2 . Gr ecco has also declared herself against tho sugsostion to maintain tho existing frontie r bu t f or opposite r c o. sons. Hot onl y is t horo no desire to reme dy tho injustices of tho ponce, but on tho contrary it is proposed t o cloopon 2.nd widen t h em, Tho Groo}{ Government cla i ms tho cession to Grooco of a portio: of Bulge.rian t e rrit or y representing appr oximate l y one- t ent h of tho whole of Bul garia on tho pretext the.t. Grecco needs a "strategic frontiorlf in order to protect h0rsolf 11 e.gainst Bulgarian . aggressiveness" . · In support of t h is claim tho Gr ooks mnintain that t ho existing Groc o-Bulc;n.rian frontier cloo0 not pr ovide adequate strf::.toc; i :. gu n.rantoos 9 and, secondly, that Gr oo co in t ho course of a sing l e generation h n.s b oon t ho victim of throe successive Bulgarian nct.:-J of nggrossi on. I sho.l l c onfine n v solf hero t o oxm11in i n.2: a s b r i o fl~- as poss ibl e. t ho legitimacy of tho s ~ two assertions . A deta iled ox cninntion of t ho existin~ frontier line bot1,·:oon :Sulgaria and Grecco shovw not only tha t Grecco is guarnntocd o.gr.:inst any c.tt f.l. ck fro;::l tho north, but t hr.ct t o.ctico. l e.nd str.a t oc; ic adv o..n t c,c;c s of an offensiv e cho.ractor exist on t he Gr o ok side owinG to tho f o.. ct that , south of t ho I:Jul;.;ar::I_an t own of Svilongr ad, the f rontier constitutes a s a lie nt on -cno Bulgaricm side i:'..nd that , we st of t ho , river Most!'.. , tho frontier giv e s Greece a dominatin~ position. Thi s is 'Nho.t :Ln 1925 onc.blod General I'angalos t o l o.unch an atto.c l ~ and invr.do ~:·.ul.:;ar i nn t e rritor y . Tho Bu l garian Do l o:.::;ation submits f or your ox~~1ination a succinct study of this problem ost n.blishod on . tho bc.sis of dr~t r:. provide d by tho Tiulc o.rian Gonoro.l Staff, vlhic lJ. contains do t ,~_ ilod cmd pr e c i se infor•mo.tion on t h o subject . It should, however , be r e called onc o more that tho frontier bot woo:c1 Bulc.J'.rio.. and GrGoce wo..s fixed by tho Treaty of Bu~harost in 1913 , -r.>y tho Tro o.ty of Ecuilly in 1919, m1d c onfir med b;r t ho Troa t y of Lnus c.nno in 1923 . Unde r a ll thrc o . instruments, hovJOvor, Bulc;c.ric,, 8.S o. dofoo.ted country , never had a ny p o ssibility of no0otiatin0 , but was c ompell ed to nccopt decisions which ha.d o.lrof.l.dy boon t8.kon. Grc.occ dol-:J.andod on both occrcsio::ls and on t ho whole s e cured tho fron t ier which st r ~ '.tc ::: , ic ally sui ted llor. If a nro codont which a r·gr avo.t os an existinG injustice is .1 ::> • ' t 1 created, it is logicc.lly t o b o expected t hat o.f t or o. cortaln ln or v o.. Grooc o would -out f orward fresh c:!_o. ims . lJat uro.lly, o. frontier line folloviinc tho~ crest of tho Ballcans rroul d offer oven gr o11tor stra- t ogic a l advo..ntagos . Tho Gr ook cla i ms dJ:"'"'l"cn tho existing frontier t owr..rds t ho nor t l,..,H f or oo- c 8. J l_ _o A. ~"~· v _· , __ 't-;,:.,,·o(l' l.. c -. "''-,''- --' '~ .·_·· 1·-:-. ,o;. or:m_.lotol v.; devoi d of fou n C.a tion . 7.: ~ .P.( BD~LjP) D oc .2 t )• .. , ' These claims are really i nspir ed by a wish to see Gr eek territory incre e.sed by t he 1.nnexation of an additional s l ice of Bu l garian t e rri t or y , where t here are no Gr e ek i nhabit ants , but where the be st Bulgar:i.an tobacco is grown, t obacco which cons t i t ute s t he ma i n source of Bulgar ian export s . Such a claim simply a ims at s tifling ::Julgaria economical ly, I won1 C. mere l y add t hat it would be s t i ll mo r e absurd to s eel: to secure s t r a t o~~ i c f r ontiers ac; ainst Bul gari a i n v i ew of the f a ct that t he Unit ed Eat ions have de cide d t o guar ant ee peace to individu al countrie s col lectivel y . Apart from this , mo r eover, the draft Tre aty reduce s the :Su l :~a r ian ar med force s t o such a degr ee t hat they will be inadequ ate oven to offer any seriou s defence i n t ho ca se of external aggression agai nst our country . May I also say a f ow words about t he famous "thr ee aggressions " ae; ainst Gr eece : which, f or want of better arg-one nt s tho Greek Gov ernment s eems t o be ve ry fond of quoting . It i s we l l known that in 1912 (First Bal kan War) Groo ce and Bulgaris. 'Nero Allie s ac; ainst Turkey. As r egards t he so-cal led Alli0d war of 191) , t hat war broko out in ci rcumstances which aro woll l{novm in view of tho numerous diplomatic do cuments which havo boon publ i shed on this subj oct. The r e al f a ct is t hat t he r e was keen competit ion bo tweon the t hr oe Go vernments : Bulgarian, Gr ocJ:: and Serbian, as r ~? - -)rds tho par t ition of for mer Turkish t er rit ory. Tho cr iminal a. t for which King Fer dinand of Bulc aria wa s r e s ponsibl e was ins pire d by German dipl omacy in order t o br e ak up t ho o. llianco be t ween the Balkan St at es . Now Bu l :-;2.ria and now Yugosl av ia havo frood thomselvos from tho national policy of ext r eme jingoism, which has boon tho cau s a of so many s angui nar y confl icts i n t ho ;J al kans . Unf ortunate ly, this is not ye t t ~ 10 case on t ho ot he r s i do of t ho Rhodope s mounta ins. I n 1915 Wo s tor .:1Thr aco wa s a par t of Bulgarian t erritory . Ther e can, ther ef ore , bo no que stion of " Bu l garian asgr ossion 11 against Grec co in t hat r ogion, wh or e t ho Greek Go vernment is now socldng t o secure a 11 strat 9gi c frontior 11 • Tho occupat i on of t ho Roupo l Pass in 1916 by t ho Bul Garian Army wa s carried out under agr e ement bot woon t ho Empe ror William II and h i s s on- i n-le.w, Ki ng Const ant i no of Grecco . 11 Di pl omat i c Docume nts 1913 .... 1917 11 i s sued by t ho Greek Ministry of Foreign Affair s i n 1917 cont ains de t ail ed inf or mation on this sub j e ct. And i n a r epor t submi t t e d to t he Gx' eek Commander in-Chief of Salonika= t he Greek Ma jor Mavroudis confirms tho f a ct that he signed a pr ot ocol f oP t h0 surrender of F o~t Roupo l with the German cav alry Capt a in Thiel. As r egar ds t he t hird 11 Bulgar ian aggr ession" t her e c an be no question that any Bulgarian aggression agai nst Gr oo co took place in 1941; the ;:>.,, ,_O'Br i an trocps which subsequ ently occupied ce rtain portions o.f r-··.:' oo k t '"" _' :;: :':.to"':""y onl y }Jroo eo dod to do so when the ~C.P.(BUL/P)D o c.5 hostilitie s between tho Groclr nnd German armies had completely ceased in t he r c c; ion which woJJ occupied. Wo have no i nt ention of denying or even of minimising t ho crimes of those r e sponsi ble for affo. irs in Bulgaria during t he World 1."/ar. Voicing tho unanimous feeli ngs of tho Bulgarian people the Bulg().ria.n Delegation r e coc;nizc s without any reservation that Bulgaria shares the responsibility for the last World War, which was provoked by Hitler ito Germany, ~1ho s e tools tho Bulgarian Fascists became. It is this realisation, tho. t Bulgaria must e.nswer for t Lo crimes perpetrated by t ho Fascist ca.ng , which was ono of tho main r e asons ~ which induced the Bulgarian pe ople to regard it as its first duty to inflict exompl c~r y punisbmcnt, . 2s soon as tho Fascist dictat orship had boon ovcrthrovm, on all the u.gonts and collaborators of th.::.t 'Ni cked regi me and their despic_ablc instruments of pro Hitlorito policy. There is no country perhaps in which war crimes have boon so rapidly and so t horoughly punished. The Bulgarian Peopl e 's Courts pronounced more t han 10,000 sentences, of which 2,800 wo r e capital ones , within throe mont hs . Among tho criminals condemne d, _md in addition to tho govorrunont al gang of regents • ministers , high officials, military loaders and various other collaborators there wore also t b.o authors of the crimes committed in occupied territories and those who were responsible for tho repression of tho various populc>.r liberation movements . What arc tho crimes then which tho Bulgarian Government has committed t owards tho United Nations and for which BUlGaria may therefor e l egitimately be consi dered responsible in a greater or lessor degr ee ? ~he principal cri me oft ho former Fascist lom,dprs was t o have concluded an alliance with Germany on l st l\'iarch, 1941 and to have consented to l)ulgario. being transformed into a Hitlorite bas o for asc;ression against Gr ooco , Yugosl avi a and Soviet Russia. In virtu e of the Tro aty of Alliance with Germany, and '"'' t;-81.1 n:h Bulgaria took no direct part in tho attacks on Grecco and Y ug o0la 7 ~~ by tho German ar mod f orcos, tho i:ulgnrian loaders with tho consent of tho Gorman Supr omo Command, on 19th April, 1941, that is , ton days after tho____22..g_clu_s_iog _9f: milit ary operations ip tho district lying oast ~ t ho Var~, despatched Bulgarian troops to occupy tho Ae gean coastal region. .. C. P . U)UL/P ) Doc. 5 5· • The ~:J ul ~ · .:o. rL1n G- over11: ,1cn.t :..~ lso ,:tes.J otcllv rl troops t o occupy j_):J. rts o:f Ivl c. c oc.1oni o. c.nd L.: ~ c S "Gt.; l' n So rb i:..~ ( rlis tricta of Vjnn .:'. ~;. nd Pirot) ::::ts s oon c.s Gc r n o.n military oper :",tions i n thqsc regi ons b :: ~ d. c Oi~1 c t o nn en cl . Lc. t c r Bulc;,J.r L:.-.il· occu:;_Y., tion extended to ot her pr.rts of yu:_~ o s L~ vi o. (194 2) s n d. Gree ce , distric t c ~:. st of V :t rd. ~c r c xcelJ t t h e town o:L' Snlonikn (1 943). I t c oo s without s nyins t ho. t t his wns i n ~ rdo r t o assis t the G o:t•;,1r~ 11 Ar r,1y ; ~:m d thc. t tl1c o ccu~x1 ti o n ol for e i rrn t e rritory consti t u to cl an Ctcl c':. i tion c. l crirn'G on t ho pnrt of t he Gc r i'l1nn n ~; e nts in Bul ~~-:r i o. . · 0 ~ 1 12 t h Docem'b c r _, 1941 , on Hitle;r ' s or de r s, t l:1.0 F o. scist G_•vcc,nmcnt (l.o c L ~ r ccl ·.;I ::1. r CLc;.c. i nst Grunt Bri cai n nncl. the U.s. without cu1y action on t lw ~)2 r t of t he l c~t t e r ju st i fy i n L~ such n f ntal step. l.1 hi s ~=t o. s :::,n a ct of crimi n nl l u n ~-·- cy on the j)nrt of t he Go ve;r·ru,1cnt of Sophi a. . In 1943, t he zone of' occup:n l on i n Yuc osl Gvic. w:-...s oa l r. r goc1 c.nc1 on sc vcr ;~ l clil'f'crult occns i on s units of the Bulg::trinn occupying i'or ces )articiJ.) 'lt eCL in t h ..:: ~.: c ti o n s of the· Ge r mo.n f orce s 8.gninst t he Yuc: oslnv 1 s Peop l e 1 s Ar my of Liber 8. tion. ')his YVO. S t ;:1. ntnmount t o G tn.'b-J inc ::1 ki n cl.rc c'L :peo)l e in t ht- b a ck. LC1. G-G ly, the :pro-Na zi Bulc; c.ri o. n Guv lJ r nmc nt exho.u s te.d the J.J::', tience of the SuviGt G.:; vur nrncnt lJy ra epea t ed nets of hostility ::-~.:: : ::.~ i n ..:- t S·] Vi Gt Ru Gs i n , ca usin;;:; t he f or me r t o cleclnr o wa r c1.go. inst Dul_zo.ri::t on 5 t h So:;~ t cm:x; r, 1944. This war o.gn inst our c;roa t libernt or ')J;"'.S t he r:1o : t 2.bominnblG nction con1ni ttecl b y the Fnscist Go vern nont, ,-:,. f i t conclusi on t o the s e rie s of' crime s nc;ninst the United Na tion s . Y'Jl t hout YJishin:; t o ex·ccn unt c t he .::; ro.vi t y of t t1is crime, but v1 i thou t ov c.. r-cstililC, ting it, the n uw Bulgo. rinn rc[.i imo docs not r efuse t o nssurne r esponsi'b ili t y but only to the cx·c cnt t o which the Bul g · ~ ri o. n :;_Je;o:;_J l c: di d not mak e;~ amends b y ·c cJdng an o.ctivc part in the wnr o.;::;n ins t Ge r nKmy. Bu·c ·;;r.:; must s trenuousl y deny ns incomp ntible vvi t h historica l trut!1 t he accuso. tion ma clc by -the Gr e;c l-c Gove;rnmc nt t hn. t Bulg o.r i n t ook a n c.c ti vu lJD.rt in t he G0r 1aan o. ttf!. ck on Grce; ce. The protocol of 8 th Fcbru::::.. l'Y , 1941, q_u ot e;d by Mr. Tso.l dnris i n hi s speec h r:. t the Ple na ry s essi on of t he ?ocwc Conference on 14t~ AU3l;l~t, 1946, does not c onfirrn t hi s n ccuso. tion i n o.ny way. It lS qu1-c c clco. r from the ·Jrotocol i t scl f tho. t t he Bulc;nrin.n GoVGI'liDlCnt abstnined from enGaging t he Bulg E', rinn Ar my in c.ny ~g!J ress i ve nction o.sninst n n-: i :rhbourilF St ~ '. tO nnd thnt it limited i·cs t ask t O the defence Of D~l gct ri o. n t~ r ritory 8.gainst n po s sible attnclc f f Oiili t he southenst or t he south. : Ap nrt/ ..r 1\.J:x.trt fro:il t h is pr otoc ol, Vihic h ~)ro v e s exc-.c tly t he c ontrnry of vihu t t ho Gpc ek Go vernr.1ent i s a tter~lp tinG t o e sta.b lish9 this cloclliilent only f o. ilo to s ub s to.ntinte· th ~ -. t o.ny o.ctunl ogg!'es si ve action 1ii'Cl. S undc rt ~ lwn by the Bulgc.. rinn A r~ ny cmd c on -c o. ins no support f o x• the s e nccuso. tions. Quite the con t r a r y ; docwnont o.ry evidence sho\is tho. t n ot o. sinGl e :3 ul c G r ic~n cle -cnc hme nt or evun a Bul g::ri nn soldiur ~xt rticip a ted in t ho opcr·::Ltions of' t he V/ehr.u1:::t cht ac;ninst Gr'- cce . Tho militc ry op cr ~ ti J n o in Gr ~ ccc whic h t ook p lace cast of the V."l rd ~ .c r rive r VJO I'0 c oncluclGd on 10th A1:w il by tt0 c npitul::. tion of the Greek troop s in t hat d i s trict. It wns only nino days afte r that do. tu, i. c .· on 19 t h .ri.)ril, 1941, t ha t t ho Gc, r m;::.n Governme nt o.uthoriscd the Jlllllgo.rio.n nr m;y to b ccrin occupyin.c; Nos t ur n Thr nce 9 from t ho Stromna rive r ~ s fo.r ~ o the line Declo n~ n tch-Mu u s t uf n Po.cho.. Still on orclcrs fro:·;l tho G0:c·m:tn G·_:; vc i."'rununt 1 t i1is provincu p o. s s cd. undor D ul ~;V- l''if'..n nc1minis t re.. tion on 1Oth May, 191+ 1 ; b ut unti l thu o.rri va l of Bulzarinn troop s, a uthority hs s bee n e xercised exclus ively b y tho Gi.; :mw.ns Yiho moreo-ltljr, c ontinued to b e ha ve o.s ab solute .no.s t c rs until t ho end of the unr. The Gr '-'Gl{ Guvc r nmcnt _-, rotcmds t o l)r otoct Gr i.; cce a::;.2inst c. novJ '~ gcrcs s i o ~' from t he Dul ~f'.. ri an ~ o o) lc , who arc r c)r c s c ntod o. s a n 11 O.Q;g i· ~-. ssi v.:; :;) GO ~J l c "; c~n :..1 i t is ln"'oposed t o pun i sh t.hcn,. I 7/ish 0lnJ.)h:;. tico.lly to c1cmy these o.ccusr.ti uns a i::D. ins t t ho B ul c~ri Gn p eo ~l o . It is only noc 0ss c.ry t o l ook nt tho WJ.p i n orde: r t o o.sscss a t the ir t r•ue va lue Gr c uk o.r c:urncnt s concvrning t ho s o-cn.llccl n c,~: r os si ve chnr ~~ ct o r of the Bu l g~:r i o. n peopl e ; s i nce 1912 Gr ec co h2s more thnn rloublec1 t l1c c xtcmt of i ts t ol"' ri t orios, wh0l'OClS Bul.::;c.ri a hns sc ~ rcoly o.ltor cd i ts t e r r itory. And it is nov0rtholoss a f .~ c t t ll : ·t; as a r 0sul t of t ho wa r of libcr r:: ti on a c::.lins t t he f or rlle; r · Ot tom:m Emp ire i n 191 2 Dulc;o.:ein b oroo t he h0o.vios t s a crif icm of a l l tho Allies: the BulGari a ns lost 84,000 killcc1 o. ncl. 54,000 \7ouncle c.1, Vl hc l~ c r:>.. s the Gr eek a 1•my c\.iJ. no t l ose more thnn ton thousan d killed .::lnd v-m und.eu ., I t was t hanJ:cs t o t he blood shec1 IJy t ho Bul c '.:~ r i ~u1 J.)OO~J l G t h ~: t a c ons:i. rlorc.blo slicc of existing Greek t e rritory w~ s liburo. t od f r om t he yoke of t ho Sul t ans. Witho ut cmpho.sis in::I. the st1,ucgl c unclo rt;·'..l<:en lJy t he Dul0c,r i 2n pO Ol)l O rt go. i nn t t he p c~ scist c1ic t a t or s hip s i n ce 1 ;:'2..3 nnll tho dr'runo. tic e pisodes vrhi ch c ha r cict cri socl t hi s st r u~glc an cl. ·i.r hic h a t tho time att r ··,.ctoc-:. intcrhr.;tional notice , i t shoul cL no ve; r be for gotten tl1a t c1urinr£ t he' 'ivo rlcl rmr Dul r:.:~ ri c.. w;::_ s tho scone of a ction of va st .__.. ~ . - rosistenco movomon t under· t h o l o,'J.cle l" S ll.i J.) of t ho P o. tri otic Fr>ont f oundo c.l in 1942. During 1943 c.n ci. 1944 t hG j) C~ r t i s n.n s c P.rrie cL on a n c. cti ve s tru,::,cl e ::;.g:J.i nst t he Gvrm<:m line s of c orilrnunicc•.tior..) a stru:r.cl e iH hich oftGn ns s wno cl t hrentcning :)r oportion s . The s e v. on the Army 9 tho Govcr;"}mcnt crvi_'.·ccd o. S.Jc ci o.:!. .:;ondai'mcric corps to fi c ht o.cc~ inst th0 :;;:> c:. rtisan units: This l'"'csistanco mov0mo nt hns often been mc.:ntioncd in tho DI'i ti sh :J2.rlio.non·c rmcl its importance i s substa.ntio.tocl by GcrL12.n offici.:'.l rcpol"'ts~ The Cx•iminal l)roceclurc unclcP t o.l<:cn sincv the liboro.tion ' o. ;.~ ::;. inot tho F :.~ scist tortures hCWC shown Once l"110re t h-:-~ t the 'v-ihol e country )l:.'.S the tt1oa tre of o. sc~vo.c;e nnd "Ccno..c i cus stru;',glo b~..,. trw on tho j_Joop l c nnd tho :F'nscists, the Gcrmnn occ u:;_Jy in z~ troops Emd th(;ir o.conts. Whole; v olumes, co n·c ·~'.i ning Cl/-Ol"mous nntorio.l , ho.vc :Jcen Viri tton on tho rosisto.ncc movma0nt in Bul L;o.I'it:u :even in :?:~. ris, o. spc: cinl oxhiiJ ition vms orgnniscd, sho·,:in ~; thc pai•t p l a yori by tho rosistance durinJ tho ~-;a r. .·:..f t cr c. ll til.is, it is st.rrm6o t o hear voices r a ised in d eninl of wh2 t h~ s been 1 r i tton in history with the blood of tens of th .:: usanc1s of fi c.; htors n.ncl mo.rtyrs; Such voices co.n only come fro:.l those vJho ~e r e ho s tile t o the dcmocro.tic robil"'th of the Do.lko.n poo~los . It is ouinc; to this ) OYWrful current of resistance, supj_)ortoc1 by nn ovcrwhclillinE majority of the }Coplc , tha t the Fo. scist loaders clid not clr.:c,. "Co c om)ly ~r i t h Hi tl0r ' s ro ::~c c.tod rcg_ucs'Cs t ho.t Bul c~ rio.n troops should be doS)o.tchod t o tho co.stcrn front. Of c.li tho nlli .:.:: s of GcrEE'.ny, Bulc;::-·.Pi r:. is the only country to hc..vo fu..rnishorl noi thcr troOJ:iS nor oven 11 voluntc \.., rs11 t o Hi t l or in his vnr o.cainst tho U. G. S. R. Tho F c~ scis t G_:; vcrnL1<.;ll.t , n v10. ro of Bulc; o. r io.n :Jubli c oyini on on this point, also di d not do..r o to ~end ti'oops to oppose tho Dri tish o. ncl Amc:t ic.J.n o. r111 i Gs . P or · Bul .~~ c. ri o. , v1h n t m::ly oo cnllc cl. tho r onl 'imr, c o.lling fctt tho mo~ilis ntio n of th0 whole of he r foPc c s~ bcgnn Gf t or the overthrow or the ll'o.scist G0vcrruJ1Gll.t on Scptcm:Jcr 9 , 1 S'44· This \YtJ.S tho n;tr ~r;ctins t Ei tlc:e1 t0 Gcl,r! l'll1Y . 0 Jere. ti ons ~:.ccdnst the Gcrmnn tr o o~ G ~0 2~ n n 3 uQ rly ~ s Sc -tcnilicr 10th; o.nd n ot nftcl~ the conclusi on of' t l1 0 ,\.r"JiGticc (October 23th), o.s stntccl in the PrGc.m'bll- t o tho Dr:.'.ft Tr,Jc:. ty. T~ c :-t l''i'W mo~) il i scd 11Ui11b~ , rc c1 448 1 000 Iacn. Dy 3 cj_)·ccniocr 14th, tho G i.; r~i1c'c l1 troop~3 ho. cJ. ·De on f'ine1.lly cxpell cd • fr~ ~ BulcnPin and t he Jilitnry opu~ntio n s hn2 been trc.nsfe;:.' rod t::J Yu ,- ~ os l c ~ v torri t ory, \ihGl'c. the Bu l 0~ }.rL"'- n. troo~XJ . ::; pc:c·:'L tocl c. l on .::; sidc thu units cf t he liC Oplc'::; ::.. rmy for the llbcrqt1on of' Yw~ osh ~ vL1 . The: fir3t pluso (_)f the v1c. r - t~:K clo::.lrinc, of I ;r~ccc1onicl :1nd Serbin of Ge;rnEU1. troo:JS 9 in vd1 ich four Dulgclri o..n 2r~·~1 i cs with tota.l offccti-vuo uf 2 50 , 000 [11(.;11 tool;;: p':.rt - 'il~G t c rwin '"l tudlc~to i~ Novc!JbGr l)y the t D.ld n ,:; of' Nisl1 o. nc1 Slwpj0 nnd by thu o?cup.::tt~o n of the Novi-Pas:J. r-H.nc hka-Duro.cho.vc.tz line . By vic~or~cs th rc~l t o nin:·r the GoPmO.il. lirw of r.__,trc':lt~ the Eul c_;;J. ri~"'.. ll. forces hastonoed t 'h.c cvc. cuo. tion of Gr ~o c.__, ~.l~' tt1o Gci•mo. ns; in. f fl ct, iFJe'hrmncht clcto..chll:lents 40,000 stronc; occu?yins the.: isl.""'.nrls vwrc una:Jlo to rctrcn~ and su~r o ndoru~ t o t he Britioh. For/ C.?.(BUL/P)Do~~· 8. For' opc:r." ~. ti o no in Huncr·. rio.n nnd Austrian t cr_ itory, o. s:)(;cic..l c.. r r.1y of 100,000 me n ·.-r:.l6 o r ~:. o. niso d under tho com:mnd o-;: the Second Ukro.inic..n Front ..:f thG Hc In the co urse o:C oi ; ht mo nths, tl1e \i o.r :'go.inst Gcrmo. ny cost Dulc;n.ria ovc:r 32,000 killed o.n d '.7o unclc c.1, and mo. tcr'io.. l cxpcncU turc . exceeding 280 million dollnrs. · It shoula b e CQphc.sisccl th ~t the military o~crntions a ~ ~ inst Gci'!"ilD.ny V/cro spontaneously unc1c., rtc,kcn b ~" the Pa triotic :B'ront Govornrncnt. Since there Yvcrc no uoro Gcrtn;:-.n units left on Bulgc.rian s oil, thc o"bj c ct of t he mili t ~n· y opc;r ~ 1 ti o ns f or \lhich the .c;o nc .. al mobiliso.tion h~.:>.d :Jo un clec r cccl. ·~ r;. s not t o free DulGC'.ria from tho German troo;Js or "LO conguur t cr'ritory but solely, accordine t o tho clcsiro of ttw :Jul;:,:::c ::·i:ln peopl e; , t o hol:;_) in ridc.U n r.; the; B::tlko.n& of the llchrma-cht [1.Dc1 in the final clo:Le ~ t of Hi tl e}~· i to Gcrmo. ny. Such is the refore the; truth as ro gc.~ .c . ".. s ·ch0 s o- callocl 11 thre; o Dul[p rian o.0.::;ross i ons 11 r ci'o:r'rou to by tho Gre:ok Gove rnment. A.l thou;J: h thc:cc i s no rco.son for Greece t o cla im a roctifico.tion of the Greco-Bulcari~n frontier, tho who le 0f tho po litic ~ l history of tho Bnlko.ns is th c :::~ c t o sh·:.;w th2. t ttwru is o. guGstion in o.boyo.nce \Jhich, notrii t hsto. hdinE'; all off ~; rts so f J.r m:cd.c::: , is still unsct·i:;lud 2nd is roote:d in n flagr a nt injustice . This is t l1o question of J=Jul;,;2ri n 1 s .1.ccoss t o tho Aesocm Svo. 1 secured in 1912, when hLr :~. rmi LJ s f reed ~/e st e rn Thrc.cc from tho Turkish yoke. This r LJg ion r om:::.i ncc1 m1 into ~': r a l pnrt of BulQ;n rian t erritory eve;n ::cf tor thf: Pc:n.co of Buch:J.rost of Au[3ust 10, 1913, which ended o. war v1l1ich wa.s o. misfortune for Bulgc'..ria. It was only r:'.ftcr tho first wo rld . o.r tl1'lt ·Jostenn Thr n. ce, contra ry to every princi:plu of ri::ht ancl oqui ty, we.s t n.kon o.:wo..y fra:1 Bul c c~ I·i a . This decision · V10. S im:)osc cl <:c::sn. inst tho opinion su:;_)p ortoc1 "by tho Uni te; Q :) to. tcs Dc., lc ~ :a t i on o.n cl i n tho o.bsonco of Russia. And in s p ite of c. ll t bis, the Trc0ty of Nouilly c onferred upon Grcccc no right to the possessi on of this t e rritory. Articlo 48 of that instrwncnt l ays c.1ovm in-" ..~t that Duli. ;:.'.l."' ir'. sh-:-.ll r c; nouncc C'. ny rights and claims to the t e rritories of Thr8CO in favour of the principal Allied. a nd .i\.s socL~ tc cl Powe rs, c.n cl thr..t the sc:.ic.l Powe rs shnll unclortr.kc t o GUarnntco B ul ~ C'. r ia free e c on omic outlet t o fuc Accoo.n Son. · It 'NC. s only o.t the Lo. usn rmo Conference of 1923 th[.'. t this question o.g:1. in c cu11o to tho f ore . Tho Laus::::tnne Confc:..,on~e ~ad lJo .:.. n convone cl. to put C'.n onc1 t o tho wc.1"' bctvvocn Grecco cmQ Turkey, which ho.d e n ded in the collO.J.)SO of the::: Gre;ck armies in Asi.J. Minor. Tho decision by which .J ostorn Thraco w:~.s given to Greece was o.gain taken/ O.?.( BUL/P ) Doc.5. taken i n tt1u o.osonc...; o :C t he U. S .S.R., t he Uni t uc1 St ~: t o 8 1)c.:inc; r epr e s en t ed only b y obs e rve r s . BulGa ria , for he r ~ a rt , d i d n ot , s i c n t ho Prot ocol. As f or Bul ga ria 's o.ccu8s t o t hu ·Aegea n Se n, the - mn. ttor r cranin cd i n o.b cyn.nco. The pr obl em of ,Ve storn Thr c.. c c an c1 of Bulgnria' s o. cc oss t o the Ac c;un.n Sen r oi:i.c.i nv:, o.n c1 st i ~_l r om".. i ns unsolved. No ono c ould sc:ci ou s l y c1ony Bul c~ar i o. ' s r i t;ht t o ef focti vo o.cces.::; t o · t h ~ ... -~ s ec. , vii t h n c ons tli n t.:: f or•1<1inr:: :J.n int c c; P~ l p o.r t of her g o o ;~; r ap h i c : l. l ::tml c c o n omic zone. The mo. j or pu.':'t ....:-:!: the Bul .~~ ::;r i cm wnte rvmy s f l ow into the Ac rr. cnn Sen - L~3 ~- 6 c om::_;:::-.red Yri t h 42 ~~ i nto t hu Dc..n u-:J c f:. ncl. 15;:6 int o t he B l ~l.c k Son . The ol dest o.n d. most im~)o rtcmt r out es of Bul c'.:.ri o. :.:.nc1 of the CQs t e r n pnrt of t he Do.lko.n )Oninsula l oad t o ~he Ac conn Sco.a /:... g L m c c o. t i:;. ;1o mc.p is suffic ient t o rr1etkG t l1.is ob'rious o T l1r c c r a i lw~y lines, from Huusua , Plov div o.nl Sof i e , stop o. t the Gr ~ek frontier. A f ourth is :.)uinr'; l:milt. :~ nlU ~ 1b0r of r oLncs l o .d t hro l(;l"l the j~ho cl. ope t o t he Greek fron t i er. Then th8i'C i s cc n uthoi, :::;o i nt. Bulc-[.'.:ei o. is the b r id£3 0 bet we e n tt1.c Do..n ubc n. n c1. the Ae c:v-.:.n So .:L ., O·.vin;__; t o her c c ntr ~ l )osit i on i n the p cni nsuln, th0 n t ~ j o r p~rt of 3ul ~ ~rian tr o.. ns~ u r t tro.f f ic s h ~ul d be di r e cted t ow~ Pd s t he Ac s oo..n nnd n ot t ownrds t he B l ~ c k S a ~, s incu , in tho l ~ t t o r c ase the tra ffic hn s to t c..lw :J. l o n, ·~ r ouncl:J.bout r oute 'Jy soo. - ab out 350 n o.u t ica l mile s - o.n c1 t his c :J.usos c. rle l n.y of f rom 3 t o 5 c1o.ys. To shorten t he lin e of c ommunic:;. ti on b ctwcc.; n Bul ~ .:1 ri o. C'.nd t i"le we s tor n c oun tri0s i s obviuu sl y i n t ho i nt c .i..-;cs t n ot only of :Julrrc.ria , b u t of o. ll Eur o·.)o:~.n r:m d A:;c :;." ican c:Juntri e s t h·1t v1i sh t o ....., The f ':t.ct t hnt ::J ul t::~~ l"i n h.<.s b oen c1 o~)r i ved of this acc ess hc;.s cn·cc.dl ec1 serious ecunonic · c onso guoncos for the c ountry c:s o. vvholc nnd o.. l so f or the c oasto. l reg i ons. Today, the Tr a cio.n c o8.s t is d eserted a n d t he ~o rt s urc only of pu:;:c ly l oc~ l i mportnnce , o ·~ ;inc; to t h8 s c~Y::t r ~. ti o n of tho c oa st from i "GS n :J. tur:'-1 hintcr.J_c..n c1. Of t ho g oods unlor.c1ed in t hu ports of Oo.va l _l ::>. ~ n c.1 Dcd c o. g~:.. t c h, c1urin1:; t ho :period of 1 93 3-1 9 3 5 ~ onl;y 31 ;:'b . c cJ.mc 1'ro1:1 o.ll l" o o.d ~ t ho ro;w.in:U1g -69 :G fro1il t he Greek c oa stwi s e tr c.~ fflc.,. Of the gooc.l.s loaded i n t hes e s ru:1c· tvro p orts , 25 /~ vlcro consigned to f'orcign count ries c.. n c1 75 ~"b cli stri l)utod i n the c o untr y i t::-:c l f ~ . The Ao~c nn ~ o r t s h~VG thus bucn ~J o. ndoncd b y t ho s c n- golng ~ r c fflc of Ec.s t c rn Euro)c , o.l though "'.Vo l l p l nced t o pl ay nn i mpo r t o.n~ lJ :L rt. ; J:1i.." OVi (Lc c1 t ho:v c o uld hnnclle the traffic from their n:o. t urc.l hl ntor lo.nd., Tho l)ur t ' of C r~ v o. ll c, , some 30 km. di s t ::m t f r o;n t ho Snl on i c o.- Consta1:1- tino:;.J l c r n il -vn ~y , is not, up t o n ow, c onnc ctc (l oy r e1. i l vri th t he mo.1n r ~ ilvvf'.Y s y stem of t he c .J untry . The :pr-es ent si t u c, t i cm viol a tcs go o c r ~~p hy, h ::::.s . r csul t o e:.~ in tl"lG C. c c.lino of w0 o tf:;r ~~· . t"f' h,-, ·• co c..nc1 o.mou:trd: s t o/ 1 o. to o. strnn ~ :_, leho l d on . the; v o:s t reg i on of Rhodopo , -v-v hic 11 is indissolubly b ound up \1/ i th the ~ :~c ccn n Se;:-:lo Stocl{ 1JI'Ced.inzs in tl1o.t rec ion, forme rly j_Jrospcrous, hns been ruined b,y the f -:::'..c t t : 1.;:~ t tho winter pnsturinn of t he herds, · wh ich , t hrou ~ hout t he Qges was to be found ' on the Thi'o.co o. n co c.st~ is now imJ) os siblo~ If one seeks for t ho dccJer reasons behind B ul ~o. I'i a ts inde'Jen c.1ence on Hi tleri to Gt.:-rmo. ny i.·c h':c s t o be rec ~ rr ni sod chnt one of the main cau~es wn s B u l c2 ri ~ 's . wnnt of acce ss t o ~he ~o gcan Son -nnd t l1c fo.ct th:'. t the ma in r out es r ou·lo. ining OJ.Xm t o her foreign ·i:; r o.do , ncJi1cly the Danube r:.md t he Paihvo.ys , all l ed into Ge rmany • .Ow efforts to s ecure o.ccess t o the Aogc o.n See1. nrc 1J.::csed on our inte ntion t o s nfoe;uo..r d our freedom o..ncl our econ omic in ~lope n c.lo nc e. We do not think it u seful o..t this juncture t o JUt f or vnrd o..ll the ~l.P~; umonts raili t o. t ins in f av-.J ur of the 3ulc;:.'. rir.n pe q_ uest for• o..c cos s t o tho Ao ger~ n Son; these Clr(3ill!1cnts c.rc only too self evi dent o.ncl no"'.:lody is onti tled t o contest Bu l u ~ r io. ' s clf'..im in this connection. Tho GI' eel~ Gove rnment itsel f; vro ll D.\7 ::-tre of the s trcnc th and olog_uoncc of t he f ~1 cts thcnwc; l vcs 3 i s enclco.. vouring t o cloud t he i ssue by irrolevCL nt CU' t~ ill~l cnts ~ · Thus, · fo r ex[']Tlp lc, M. Tanlc.l (~_ris h•J. s stntc cl tha t nt the :;_Jrcsent time the number of Bul c~ CL ri nns in ~,-;estern Thrace i s no t l o. Pc e nnd thn t t his J rovince wo. s not b r o u ~ ht within th.q Bul[;ari o.n frontie r s 1J~r ·i:;he; Trcct ty of Se1.n Stofo.no . Nov; , the So.n Stefano Tr• ca ty left Western Thr2co t o Turkey e1.nd not t o Grvecc, while · it :_; r anted to Bulg:-:-,I'i f"l other districts :'.. t pr Gs cnt bcl ong inc; t o Greece ~ such as those o~Xnnthi , Cnvo.llo., otco l\1o r•oove;r? Cl. ll unprejudiced people who ho. ve s tud i ed conditions i n tho Bo.lko.ns h2vc never hesi t a ted t o r ecoc;nisc t he Bul co. ri o.n chcl r nc tor of ·, ;cstePn Tllr o. cc. ~\mo ns th0m c.ro to bo me t eminent no.mes of o.. ll n ~l: ti o nnli tics, such :::.s the well-kno·an S~ ::-.vist CLu thor Se1.f 2rik (18 63 )~ Russi CLn othnoc;rnphcrs Lipro. ncli (1868 ), Vlotoplo.v (1 877), Count I gn o. ticf, Ri tich (1885) 7 Florinsky (1907), Nidcrlo ( 1911) etc. The :8'ronch publicist Frosno.ux 'i:l roto in 11 L' Oricnt11 in 1892 , p . p . 261-262 thn t 11 ;·_ l l the terri tory lJ6tv1cen Hcbre ( Nb ri tzn) · o. ncl the Strymcn ( Stromnn ) j_s inh.".iJ i t o. t ed :L or t he . grvi'.tcr J..J ~:n.... t b y Dulc;c.ri c:. ns nnc..l P ometl{s~ P omaks o.rc 3ulc;n r i CL ns convcrte;cl t o Islrun ; thu ~r o. ll s pcmk Bulc;c. r i a n c-.nd ho..ve o.. ll Petninecl t l1cir n CL tiono.l customs" • •\s fo.r b Gc lc ns th8 Ambo.ss :.l.c."'.. oP's Conference , VJh ich met in Consto.ntinopl o in 1876 i n or der t o set u~J o.n o.utonomJ us g ovc rru::1ent itJ. the Bulrrc:-.ri o.n nrc;;. s .of t he 0 -i:. -t:o:~ ~ --'n Fnn iro~ it W-'".l s pointec'L out nos t cle;f inr tely ·t h8. t thvs o' Ct r GCt S shoul c..l exT..rmrl up to tho Ae c; ee1. n Sen, The Dulp·o. rio. n n o. tui'e of iiicstern Thr0. c'c h2. s ~Jec n officio..lly corrfirmo l . by-' thc Pc sults of t he census of this province or g o..nised in 1920 by the Intcr-.hllieJ Co1nu ission] t he prc siclo nt of wh ich rm s t he French Gc nc~ ·n l Ch:: I'-:J Y" This CL- nsus shovved t h~:t t of o. t oto.l lJOp ulo. tion of 212? 000, Bu1 6'.rio..ns numb e:t:"•ec1 80 ~ 893 ( 3 3% ), Turlm num1Jc rec1 73,220 (33%) ·w hile Greolcs YiOl'G r:i.•r.- , o ':8 '51; 706 (24%) only. It/ . \. C. P. ( JJ1_L:L/P)Doc, 5. 1 1 • I·c is true; tl l:.~ t :-tt the .;_J re:s c.mt i;10r:1<.mt t hv llUlil~J Or of D Ul G[U'i ~ns ! in ·,7ustern Thr nc c i s not su l ::1rg0. Aft er> t he occ Uj)'l tion o:C t his p_rv.vinco by tho Gre e ks,- j)r ~te tic _ ll y a l l ·o h.;; JJ ul ; ~:nr ir.ulS, u i t h the oxcc)tion of· tho P omnks li v ine i n t hu mo unt.'J.ins , ·.1 or o forci ~J ly oxp o l loc1 o..nd h ~tc1 the ir ) r opoPty c onfisc::-. tocl • This ', i ':'.S c--. f l :1cr :~mt im::" x-in ~ . emvnt of tho Convuntion for t l'ic )rotoction of minori tic s. By o. s ubsoquont ~:.:.c r c.:_;mc ntt t hv Gr 0elt G0Vurruno nt unclcrt ock t o 'I)':iy com~l <.m so.. ti o n f' or the J r operty of l1C.r;;JOr t od I:l ul;:snri o..ns , b ut fcliloJ hO\JCv or t o Jo s o. Th0 b~S st cvi,lcncc; thc\ t t he DUl!_ic.. r i ::u~ popul ::t tion (.lf .l ~.; s t o rn Thr ~ c c w~s oblicud t o l e: ~V c its n~ tivc s oil ~g nin s t its wi sh nn d Ol!liGr ::;. te to Dulg L.'bout the s c--,J",1C time, the Gr. e l'.: _;_x:~. p cr "Ko. t hi me rini" s tated in its i s sue of 3.12.24 thnt: "The; r c mu s t be n o ·mo r G nlion s in T hr0..co11 • NuiacPous P'J ti tion s o.n cl resolution s ~~dO:-t_) t o rl by tho DU.l [.'1~: i nn iJOp uln. tion of' ·aostorn T hr ~1 c0 c, n ~..l C.. (l' ~ r e:;u s cd t o t hG League of No. tions in or c1cr t o obt:.dn the prot c cth)n \Jhic h Gr :J c:c.:c v·r:.. s r oq_ui rec.1 t o c r ::1nt thda unQc r the Peet cc Tr o : ~tio s , 11roducoc1 no res ults. At the present moment, ;,tore t han 100,000 cmi c;r :.'..nts f rom ·.,"Jo stor-n Thr c. cc ,~r c in Dul ;;.:1 rin. L~ n rl ::1wo. i t vii t l:l i mpc. tionco t ho clo.y when it will be Doss.1: i b l w tor t hem t o r c turh t o t heir n~ tiv o ·c ountx·y. All thos e f'nc t s L1::t.Y c ~l.s il y b e ve rif i 0cl, !,1. 1'so.l c1: ·.ris i s trying to evnde t ho t:!_Uestion an cl o xpre s s c s his ind i c:, n~'. ti on by s nyine thn t nn ox-enemy c ountr y i s clnii.1inl; terr i t ory. from a n .Ldliec1 country, For ·. nnt of b e ttcl' nr gwnonts , h e 1J ~ l1ovcs ho c nn thus turn the ntt cntion of t he Confc rcnco f rom t.ho subst etncc of' this j_J roblcm. When/ ... il1vn '.i0 r::.sk t h.::. t ·.ru:-t vrn 'I'hp :~ c0 shcuLL :J0 r ust oPc cl t o Du l .~;r~ r i o. it i s not ·Luc:.>.usc \ic dcsi:eG ::~;:ry tcJ..'ri tor i C'.. l ~;2. i n s ~ n o:c'"' th·.:t ~70 n ouri sh :o.n.y hostility t o -::.r :ls thv Gr ;__ c k ~JC O~J l c . Fe .d s i1 t h C'. t ::. f l :::sr 2. n t inj m:;ti co s houLL 1JG l'_,:;_xt i r v'.. ~ :·. s i t d(n ri vos u s of our lY'. t ur• :.~ l ':'.c c css t c -c :-lv i\C [~G':.n Se c~ ~1 n ;.:~ closes ·c.h.0 most dir ect ".n o. c:'.s;:,r r out e for t r ::l~'. ... ·;:i t h the c o uhtrics of t he J est. - ·~ f' t cr t h0 s~.c;_;, nc..l.. D;:l l k ~n \·i:'.. r of 1913 i n which J u l sc.rir:. ·.r ls ~ c~ tcn , n obody thouGht of du) r i vin~ her of a cc ~~s t o thu ~o c u nn Sc :-::. . The m ~:. in q_u u s ti o~; ·.v ·~·.u ['.t trkt t i me ·co c:Lc c ilLu · -~n'- t hur t he ~a rt of c ~ vn ll C'.. s h ould ~o incl u J c Q i n thu 3ul JC'. ~ i ~n zone or not . The l)o·,,·crs vrcJ:•( , t .~ v.:.;u p .'o l e t o !c hc :Jul :r.r-L:-:.n s o l ution of t h is c ontr o vcr-2y o.n cl i t ·.:.:c only ;-•. s :-::. :c·v sul t of t he u nd~ :_;u ti c o :_J~ osi tion of tho Gurm~. n I:mp,; r or '.V i l li .:-:tr~l I I on ~Jcb:t l :C of hi s oon - in-lnu Kine:; Con 3·(. ::.n t inc o:f' Gr c.:cc t l1 -'".t the Gr cul\.: vicy; c ::'. :c· r i e~l t lw cl::;.y . In ~.,_ S) e0C ~1 u::-,cl..,; ,m Li Tbc l'c,O.l inj u. c; t.lc,, \C;; th'-' 'l' r ·.~o. t y 0:C NcuiJ.l:T in 1919. ~:.LJ1C.. r i c t:n O)inion •J C'.G un::ni mous i 21 c o n ci. c.:r~m:Ln c; t ~1,. sqr.r:-::.tiot1 of -~ cs t c i'n. Thl'C:.CC fr ·-'~ d ..'JU }.j~~ :· i:;.. ~ c.n :OL C 1:ql1~~S i Sl~ (:L t he.·;; ·chif:i ) I'OVi n c c WCc S c s scntie. J. ly Dul 2J~.r·L u1 i n ch ~~r-.a c t c;:-· ::::.n :.l v l t · l ly i l!l)or t 2nt t o Bulc;o.rio. . L 1 ~J m•su ::. ncG o:f this ·)ol icy 9 t ho Uni t '-' :."'c ~:S, tC'..tcs c1clc:.:::tos c.n c1 vX)Cr t s o.t t ho Vc:c~:::;,<. ill cs C o nf'u ~. ,Jn c0 :;_J C ' E3 i s t e n tly held th:,·c 11 ':'/ostc r n Thr::tce, tbe; cm:.st -:'..1 s tr•i p on ·c hc: .~0 [-~ c::.n whi ch -iJ;<.s c cclccl i n 191 .::> u n c1c:t' t he 'l' r ,,~l t y of Buc hc: r l'; s·c ~ stloulc.l bulon ::' t o ::Julgo.. r i n". These ::'.ro t he ve r y rror cls of ·c l1 c r op:_lrt of t he Cor,u,ii ssi on lJJ..' c sillcd · ~) Y P rof'cssor l\1 un r o c.: . Nr . :::<' r :'.nl;: P olk, clcpu t i s i nc ~~ t t hG t i me f'or ?r0si c:..c n t '.:' ilson, c :,_iJ l c c1 t -~J o.'o. s hin,: >;t on on J ul y 26-t h 19·19 - "'l' hc 0Jr e;scnt i~·t1Cr i cl1 n Del e .~ t cs h~vc un~n i mo u s ly recom ~ onded th ~ t : c~tc rn T hr ~cc shoul d r e;,1c. in C'. Du l ~~~.~·-j:•i :~ n )~~s0;3:::• i on i n or der t h ... t ::J u l c;:'-.L' i e". r.1:tY hn. vc o. n outl e t t o t ho scq;11 • . 1 ;~ or c oVd', l!i . Nicholson, t t1c \iC 11- k n ovrn '. .u thor c)f " :?cc.cc- I'.·i,".k i n g " ( V c r sc.'ti ll ~:Js ), v:ho cc.n n o-s ;JC; .. ::-.c cusccl.. oc' unclu G symj)c. t llY f or Dul[;::tri n , hi msel f ful ly s u:;)portt.J .l the J\.i:lc:c ic,:·,_n _vi8\/ ·i~ ~l :-.. t , estern •r hr :..,, cc should n o t be ~: i v c.: n t o tho Gr vcLs. ( :J • ·180- 19 1 l~m~s i c.11 edi t i on ) · Cl omoncc nu ~1. l so , ~' . S 'J i :G n css l-1 . Ni cholson , \N'.f.J OlfLJooc :1 to ~i1Y 0 CLh -~.L'1 -:,_,-,-.,.\..... o·n..L o'·'v L1 \....i· l.-"~ l- ~ V.-. nt· l' 1,·· r s c'.l V' ·r·· ~ l· nn'v d '. l' .L"l ~-LJ l1rv ·· J.~'\ r~J.-.1.·-- · -··L";.C> v l· C <"v ' .LJ..'-l_J.- r ccmc nt. C. P. ( JJUL/P)Doc ..j_ . ~hen the ratifi6 ~ ti o n ~ f .the Tr c~ ty of neuil l y W~ S discussed in the ~: · r onch Son n_·cc; t h:'. t noble: ch:'.J.ll_)ion of t he ri ~ )1 ts o r~ s~·.rll n :-,ti :.ms - d ' :G stulli'll\Jllcs r_l(; ' Const ~ _nt s - ~l 0Cl ". r c c1 11 Thosu 'lihO h:.'.VO c1r• c: ;_:e;cd Dulcc.. ric.. intu t hv Gc ·•. ul ~l.ll orlJi ·c h,\ VLJ -not ~J ·un sufficic.i.1tl.Y p unished but for hho Dul c c ri ~n )co~lo t hLJ ~unis~n~nt is t ob sever It Yh'-S for :.;urcly incL'tcnt c.. l l'G·"-~-' ons \Jhich h::-'.cl no connecti on with the c; thno ;r::qnic ch."'.l" -~ c t c:c' of ..: us t 0rn Thrt'.co, or vi i th its Gco;:_: r n~J hic et l f c:'.tu:r·cs r~n rl ccon..:uic rug_uir ._ i,lonts thn.t thn. t ~J r ov inco i'l:tS S(J:Lx~ r J.t c cl f r o!c, Dul ~ : ::-. ri:-t ~"'- lK-:_ thc; l c. t tu' dc:Jri vod of her outlo t on the /.uc;c :··_n., 'l:l1is •r : ~s ::.-.. vi o l -~ tLm o-;_~ the ri ~T, ht conferred in scvcr:--.. 1 intur·n:'.·i::.i on :'. l trc:l.tics ::m el.. of t l1u olGi'aunt:<.:c·y -.)rinci·o los of justicce I t is true t hct the nuthors of this inj~stic c ~ hn.d thouc;ht of c~ i ving Bul ~a ri :J. f'.n c:; c on oLlic outlot t o the sc:t, lJut thoir de cision rc~c inc d ino~o : ~ ti vo bcccuso they d i d not sufficiGntly t :J.lw into r. ccount ·cho :L'c ;'.li tics- of the Det l knn s i tuc. ti o n~ Since then, th8 prospects for such c sol ution of the :;) rob l e;G h11vc n ot i mp r oved. i;~:e hoc..r on v :~ rious sillcs tlY:t \'psycholot:; ic:.-:. 1 c o nsi d~ r c ti ons 11 c r guc ::'.;?;:'.inst t ho r e turn of \'!ust0rn 'rhr n. cc to Dul .c;,:.ri n , 8-lthough lo.w, og_ui ty o.nd r,;cso,2 i tsclf fi'.vour t l'1c.. 1.:-. 'G t u ... 1 s c ".Usc. Greece is :)resent ~ t t his Confc:. __ne e c.s ~~n c>.l ly of the Uni te c.l N[:ttio::s o.nd Dulc o.rio. h :'.s not ov0n been :;I' ! 'c nt~.; J. recoc::ni tion .~s o. co-b c lli z;~_.,:r· ont , :11 thouc; h sho t o ole o.n ~c ti vc ) :'.rt in the \. ::~ r i'- (.~cti no t Gc:c'Iarmy. ·Jc nr0 t old· that it \vo uhl be in.~-:-c.l.nissibh; to s olve.; t h~.J c onflict in D ul i;r~ rio. 1 s f o.v our· t o t he c.l0 tl"~i1 ;1ent of Grvccu. I \lon clcr if t he t i me has not noYi c ornu \i hcn the j_Jl• incip l0S of r i c; ht ''.n c.l cg_ui ty shoul d I Jrodomin~ tc in t h0 ~c~co tr G ~ ti o s . ~v c.;n th\._., l ~ t c Lo ~euc of Nations )rovidcc1 for the l" uvision of thG unj'-'st c l :..,_uscs of tl1G :J co.cc trvo. tics . in its stn tutcs. Tho country which thu ? oo.cu Conference will h2vc to pass judc;cmcnt on is not Kin3 FGrdinnnd 1 s Dulg o. rio. neither is i t the Dul ~c.. rio. of .Kine · Boris. It i s ·::. nc ">·l 13 ul ~; ".r i o. - t he Dulg2..rio. of tho Mo thci'lo.nc1 Front, whic l1 next SunL1..--.y, oy tho vvill of' the D ul ~ r':. rio.n :JGop1c, will b...;c omo C1. cleii10cr .'.tic rc ~::mbl ic. Tho Dulc,:: :2io.n DGlc s;~ t L; n, hopeful of s~c in£; o. c;r o.vc injustice to tho Du l ~c.. ri o. n )CO)lc r cp o. ired, an d a j u s t nn d lo.s~ing ponco.sot up in the Dalkcms, o.slcs tl1o Per. co C onfci·cnco t _, provH18 Dulcc.rln with n e cnuine outlet t o t hu ;~.Ggco.n by r c s t or in:_:;; t o tho.t c ountry the province of ·:,;estern Thrncc ';,i th t ho fronti0rs clc finocl unue; r the TrGo.. ty of Bucho.. r c st m:' 10th Aucust, · 1913 ... C.P. (BUL/P) Doc. 5 3 Septembre 1946 D E C L A R A T I 0 N du Represen.tant bulgare a la 5e seance de la Commission Po litiq_ue et. Terri toriale te~ue au Palais du L~~embourg, le 3 septembre 1946 Monsieur le President, Messieurs, ) ' Dans le projet de Traite, l'on prevoit que les fron tieres de la Bulgaria seront celles qui existaient a la date du Ier Janvier I94I. On nous laisse ·tJutefois la la titude, Dussi bien d'ailleurs qu'a la delegation grecque, d'exposer davant la conf erence de la Paix notre point de vue a ce suje t. J e tie ns a exprimer ici a ~ !Tons :ieur le President. ainsi qu'auxrnombres de la Commission torritorial(· et po litique bulgare, notre grBtitudo pour l'invitation qu'ils nous ont adrosseo do vonir davant la Col'l'J.rnission pre-. sontor la defense dos interots do notre paysq Avant du passer a l'oxarnon du litigo ontru la Bul garia G t la Greco. jo voudrais S) ulignor deux faits im- " portants: I o ~. . .- Entro la Bulgari~ ot la Yougoslavio, il n'oxisto aucun li tigc do frontieros; nous avons resolu ou sornmos on train do resoudro par des negociations oiroctes toutes los questions pondantos ontro nos pays • t 2°.- Lo futur Traite de Paix sanctionncra cortaino ment la revisjon des Traites de Bucarost ot do Nouilly on co qui concorno la frontiero Bulgaro-Roumainoo Los deux pays , . _sins so sont mis d' accord pour reparor unc lnJUS ticc qui ompoisonnai t l c urs r o l a tions, La frontiero entre la Bulgaria ct la Houmanic sera collo qui oxistai t avant l os deux guorros fratricides do 1913 ot 1916, C1ost la uno prouvo eclat anto que los pouplos balkaniqucs dovonus maitros do l eur dostineo 1 sont capablcs de r ecr,l or OUX-m~rnC S l os qU G& tions litig i~ us o s entre oux. "' Da ns l c par ar:srapho prc111icr du Proj c. t, on fait l a sug ge stion on co qui conccrnc l a frontiero greco-bulgaro do consorvGr l o s t atu-quo, au pro'l'l11 cr Janvier 1941. La Bulgaria ostimc g,u'il f nudra repar er los injustices c t non l cs confirmor, si l 'on 'vcut jotc.r des bases solidcs ala mllaboration fructucuso at pacifiqt.E des pouplos bal kaniquo s. La Gr eco s'cst ega lcmont declareo contra la suggestion do . consGrve: r l a f rontieru 8T eco-bulgaro actuelle , rna is pour dos motifs invo rsos. Non s oulomcnt, on no vcut ricn savoir d'uno r epar a tion des injustices du passe, ma is au contrairo on vcut los elargir ot l os approfondir. Lo Gouv orncn'lcnt gr oc emc t 1a pr_et cntion do so voir a ttribuor uno partie du t orritoiro bulgaro r epresentant I/10 environ du terri to ire d~~ l a BuL;ario, o t cola sous pr·et c. xtc quo 1 a Gr ecc aurai t be so in d 1 unc "front ierc s tra t er::; iqu v" pour so prote ·~Sc r centre 111' agr cssivte des Bu1garos". A 1 'appui ./. ' '• ' ' ~ P. ( ]UL/P) Doc • 5 ' ' : 3 • do cotto pr~t o ntio~, on avance du c5t~ groc que l a fronti~ro actuelle greco-bulgare ne presento paB do garanties stra t egiqucs ot, on second lieu~ qu' au cours d'uno generation la Greco aurait ~te a trois roprisos l'objet d'agrossions bul- / ' ' - gares .. Nous nous bornorons a montror brievomont quclle est la f / valour do cos deux assertions • Si l'on proc~de a uno etudo detailleo do la ligna frontiero actuelle entre la Bulgari8 et la Greco, on vorra non seul o~e nt quo la defense de la Greco os~ 8ssuree contra toute attaquc vonant du Nord, ma1s que · las avantages tactiques ot stratfgiquos do caractero offcnsifs sont du c5te de la • I Greco, du fait qu 'au sud , do la villo bulgar ~ de Svilongrad la ) ' . fronti~r o fait un saillant du c5te do la Bulgaria at qu'a 1' ouost. do la riviera }~osta, la frontiers assuro a la Gr:eco unc situation dorninanto. C'ost cola qui a parmis en 1925 au,General Pangalos d'off ~ ctuor une C~txtaquo - et d'envahir. le torritoiro bulgaro. La del ega tion bulgare mot a v otre dis- position un oxamon succint etabli d'apr~s los donnees do 1' Eta t-~a jor bulgaro o t qu i fourni t dos eclaircissoment s det ailles ot precis a co sujo t. Toutefois. il ost indispensable de r appoler uno fois do pl us quo la fron t ierc on tro l a Bulgar ia ot la Gr~ce fut etabl io par l o Tra1te do Bucarcst on 1913. par Je Trait€ de ./. ,. - 4 - _Nou.illy· o:.:t 19I9Gt c'"l nf irn·< l)' r l o Tr··it0 r~o L<. us nrno on 1923 Or, ala signs turc de tous CC· S c: ctcs , l a Bulgaric , pa ys vaincu) n' cut j comais · l a po ssibilite do negocicr, mais fut obligee de souscrirc a de s qe ciE.i ons de ja prisos. La Greco oxigcait done a ch E1quo f ois, ot obt ,: nait generalomont la frontiero qui lui convo m3it stra t egi q'tmmont • Si 1'-on creo un pr ecedo nt o n a~gra. V [int l'iniquite deja oxistantc, il f aut l ogi quc mcnt s' a tt,;ndrc a co qu1 au bout d 1un cGrtain t emps la Gr eco emc ttc de no uv elles pre t entions. Il va SPDS dire que l a cret e de s Ba lkans au point do vue s trategiq uc pr e s on torc1i t en co r e plus d' av.:mtago . Los pr e t ~ ntions grc cqucs vi sant a d8pl a ccr la frontiaro vors l c nord po ur dros r c: isons s oi-disant str at~g i qu c s sent 1 compl etcrn cn t de nu eos de -fo ndcmc,n t. Ell c. s son t inspireos plu- tot par l c desi r do voi r l c t or r itoi rc gr cc agrandi d'un nouvoau morccou du torrit oi r o b ul~s ro , ou il n'y ,a Bucun o popul a tion -gr ccquo, me:-: is ou l ' on cult ivc l o rnc i ll ~_, ur t abac bulgorc qui c onstitu <~ l c princi pal sr ticl . d' oxporta tion de • l a Bulga rio, P c~ r la. on vou t t out s i mplumc nt e t ouffcr eco • no rni quornont 1.:: Bu l Gs rio. Nous voudrions sirnp l omc nt _ a j outor 1c1 qu1 il s c r ~: it d 1au t t~ nt plus inro lito do chcrchcr a s' assurcr des frontiercs stra t egiquos contrc l a Bulgaria que l cs . Nntions-Unics sont decideos a os surcr p c:tr dos forces colloctivc s lc: pa i x pour chaquc ns t i on. Indepcnr1arnrno nt de · cc, l a , l c Pro jot do Trait e '/. - 5 - ram~mc lcs· forc : ~ s arntE~OS do l u B:.lle;r:ric a un t el etat qu 1ol_lc,:a soront insnffis c. ntos rne"Tlc a r:ssur.: r un;~ d}{cm'Jc· quul11uu llt.t.\ ,l"'l.CU''C ~ n Cric· d 1 " t~ ·.- -. , - u · ~xt( ' J.. .. l· ···u· l' ·. .~cntf', ··. <• Se ~ l.J (.. \.) ' \ li t.. ·:L fj lJ !.... ' • ' · -' v v ~ J. ..· _,· j:... --:"... , . • } • ]\fr,:.:is, qu I i1 '110 SOit pC rtl'}i~ Q:: dii'L· q ucl qlll ;:) dc.s f al'l')o uscs "trois agrcssi ons" cont rc.. l r.' Grecc, cer il l)f rait que, fc1ut ,_:: c~ 1 On s <.-: it qu' en I9I2· (Ior l· gu'-rr'-' b c ~k r~ n>1 u, ) j_,_ _ Gr(;Jc .. ot ]E. Bul r-rc.:r ic ( t Divnt c-: l1i 8cs contrc 1~ · T\1rnuic • .:. n. .·. · lt ... ' .... "" a 18 gu erra dit(. intcr..:olliec do I9I3, ,.11.: fut d( cJ.[m chec d:n ;.: dos circonstancus qu i sopt bien connuos gr e co aux. nrmbro11x do-culTiontE dip1.om-2tiqu( ;3 publius it co suj .. t, · Au . fond., il y e.vai t lo COnt]JC tit j_ on ..J ntrc l cs t rJiu t:Ou- ritEtgc -turc. I~'r : ction . crimin c llc, · co~"'li .:...:·_ }) \T lc roi bul g~ TO Ferdinand fu_.t _.insp ireo p~r l a di plorn.:J tic. uL l o111 Dndo dLns ] r, but do rornpr1 . l' [:llitlncc, en tr(. l0s ~·~ t ;_, t,s Bo. lk ~ : ni q Uv s·. Lu nou vollo· Bul ~;· c ri r ot 18 nouvc llco Yon : ~o sl;:J v ic. ont ~d'frliJl~hi l our • • poli tiq_ UO m;t i o n~! k du chauvinis mo a OU trunco, CGUDO de t ant S! ' l1 D~'ll''. ll t J .. dG conflits/du.ris. ~ B~lk.ans. ~ll'D lhour v us c..Tl'l ant. co n'cst p t1S oncorc 1 --~ ct~s de l' r utrc cJi.e d.:.s .·:.b.odo pc.s. En, I9I5. l r Thr ncc \.k cidon t c'lo f t' i::; ;_·it pcrtio du tor ritoirc bUlf.<:: J'u e 11 DC· 8 f] LU't' it do ne 0t rc 'j_'1 Cb tiu li C ' U!lG "agrcsnion bul~~· :; ~~~~~ cont r .:: l. a Gr ecc rl.<:m:; c - tt .1• .. C.P.(BUL/P) Doc~ 5 - 6 tegiquc 11 • JJ'occupctio~ pr"r lt r.:rrneo bulg.::rc du defile do Roul.. pel on I9I6 s'offcctue conformemont a un cccord ontro lo. ~(ai- ~ scr Guille:-:umo II ot son gondro lo Ro.i Consto.ntin 1J o Greco. Los "Documents diplornatiquos I9I3-I9I7", publies pnr lo Minis tore groc d0s .Affc.ir os Etr::-:ngeros . en~ 1917. contionnent uno do- curnontr:tion detailloo a cc sujc t • JHnsi, dans un rapport ndrcsse e:u Co'"'lmr: ndcnt do l o Pl2ca de Saloniq1o, lo Con-:rns n dan t g;:cc Mcvroudis confirmo avoir, signe ovoc le CLp itc::ino de Cc:volorio allemand Thiol l o protocolo de l a rcddition do ls fortcrosso no Roupol • Qusnt a l r. troisiemc 11 agrOBSion !JUlgcr 0 11 , il est in~ contc.stDblc.qBb 1941 il n'y a pas ou d'agrossion bul,c;aro con- , trc la Grecc: ot quo los troup~ , s bulgaros g_ui ont onsuito oe cupe c.:•rt&ins t -:·rritoircs grccs n'ont procede 3. l'occupation t - que lorsquc lcs hostilites ontrc los arrneos gro_cquo·s ot alle~ rnandcs furcnt compl~t G m c nt t crrnineos dans l a r ~gion occup~o • Nous n' Rvons nullcmcnt l'intonti on de nicr ou memo rniniscr l (_.s crimGs de ..coux qui dirigoaiont la Bulgc ric pan- '" _, dant la guorro ~ondialo • fl.u son timen t Sc f a isant l' int ~ r preta unanim6· du pouplc bulgaro, ln DelegFtion bulguro · r cconna.it', s ons r eserve. que l D Bulgcrio* ollc r.ussi. n s <:-; pRrt di.> r .. Bponsabilites de :m l r dornierc guc rrc mondia lo allumeo p;:r l' lHlGmagnc hitlerj 011no dont los anciens dirigoonts f nscistcs bulger os fuJ'O.Il f lc s 1ns- trumont s. , . ;: 7 \' " des crimes p c rp ~t r 6 s pnr la clique f ascis t · qui f ut r<:;i c- ons princi pe: lo s qui ~lnon e :rcn t l 0 pouplo bull=,a ro a con-- si O.e ror COmn~C son premier devoir de chaticr sevarGrnont_, des lc ·r..:nvcrsomsnt de l s d:c1;aturo fc-:scistEJ, lGs :.nspiratours c: los agents de la pol i tiquc pro:.hitl6ri c:r.:nc ct luurs _vils ·r·· trl' ~. ... <•• Tl ~l • • _"'! ~ ... - ~rJ tJ .uu ~.: · _.. ..1.. -~ ' t . l\ J ., ' • .., • ~ · os p eu~-c~ ro prs ac p2y3 ou ~o s cr1mcs do •r u ~:,-> · ..or . G v.!.J. v f lcnt ~t~ si r 8pidcmcnt pro:1CliJ CSGS pC!r los Tr:·:Junaux du Pcuplo dans e: o. -- ..... l' csp2cc du trois ~oiJ tPircs= chefs mlli:circs ot r utrcs collrboratcurs . so sont trouves aussi los :: : ·,;.~~ou.r~J des crimos commis dPns l c;s re·" giDns occupeos ot c .;ux qu:;.. reprimEliont los mouvc mvnts po- QLhi ls on t : ~orlc tit 8 los cr.:mo s du. GouvornGmont bulge: rc envors lGs ·It·t ioEs U.r..ios pour losquolc.; l o Bu. lgario ost ou une cutro? 1 d avoir c onclu uno [;llianco ave c l .1 ~J l ,·.:';:1-:. gn'" lo Premier M::.rs I94I, ct co ~. · c"':lt i a co que 1a Bulgaria fu t transformeo on - ~ baso :.j t, 1 e:::'ionno d i r> g.: ~ "'S ; r, con t 0 l a- : Br 8co ~ 1 a Yougos- 1a vic ot l '·· u.c ~_., '.0.-; . wQ C.P.(BUL/P) Tioc .5 - 8 - En vortu do l' alliancc avo c l' All ~ ~ egno ot sans quo l & Bulgrric p nr tici p~ t dircctcmont a l'a ttaquo do la Wohr ma cht contrc l a Gr ecc ot l a Yougoslnv i c , las dirigeants / bulgsr os, avo c lo· consentornont Du H c.~ ut- Co "YJ rnc ndoment Al- l emc nd. ont f ait onvoye r , a pc rtir du 19 avril 1941, L'Qst- ' .:'1 • _, • • ' 1 . .:'1 , t' 'l't . .J a-qlrG ql X JOllrS Bp r es r: f 1 n 0o s o;re rc; 4 JQUS mJ 1 e1ros uc: re l e r ep;ion a l'ost du v ~. rda rt des troupes bulgar es pour .,_ ...... o ccupor lo littoral dG l a ~1c r Lo Gou vo rn erno nt bul ~nr e a onvoye egrl oment dos troupes d 1 occupo tion en ~-~a c edo ino ot on Sorbie Orientale,( arron dissements do Vr 2nja e t Pirot) des is fin des operations militairos allom& ndos dans ccs r egi ons • Plus t ard, l' occupation bul g2 r c s' ost etenduo a d'au tros prrtics do l a Yougosl 2v i o ( I942) at <1o l a Greco - l a r egion a l' Est du V,.rdar, a l'oxcoption do l a ville do 0aloniq uo ( 1943 ) I l ve. sans dire quo c'eta it uno El ide a l' armee allo rn ando. 1' occupa tion de t c.rr i t oirc s et.rangers cons t i tuoi t un nouveau crime des ar;·onts c: llomEm. O.s on Bul s-a rio • Lo 12 Dec crnbrc I94I. sur 1' ordr·c do Hi tlor. lo Gouver- norno nt f ascisto a de clare l a guo r rG a l' i~nglo torro ot aux Ji ta ts-Unis s ans aucun f a it do :W ur port justifiant un paroil pas fatal. D ~ l & r~ rt des gouvo rn o~ nts do Sofia , c 1 8 t a it un a ctG do criminollo de~ onco • ./. . ' . I C.P.(BUL/P) Doc .5 9 E1) 1943 , l o soctour do l'occupa tion 021 You:1'0s1Dvio a . . ete elcrgi ~av r nt 8 go ot~ a plusicurs reprise s , des unites du corps d'occupction bulg arc ont pris p e ri~ oux op erations dos forces ollc111nnd:: s contra l' nrrneo populoirc do liberr.- . t ion JOU[3'0Slr·vo. c I et&i t d~_,s coups d[:ns lo dos du pcuplo frerc, Enfin~ por ses r btcs d'hotilite systematiquos contra l'U.R.S.St. , lo GouvorneYYJc.nt pru-lu.Llerion mit a bout la pstionce du Gouvcrno111cnt sovirtiquo ot l ' umonn a declarer l'eta t do guerra ovoc l a Bulgcrio lo 5 soptcmbrc I944o La guorrc avec notre gn_-: ndo Libera trico fut l 'acto lo plus c! bominoblo de s gouvornr:nts fascistes qul achova l o seric des cr1rnes centre l l; s NC'tions Unios,. Sans -on diminw· r l o gn::vi te, rn:: :is a ussi s ens los am plifier, J-c-: Bul.~ a rio_ nouve lle ~-o rofuso pEl s d 1 ( n assumor 13 r c sponsc:b ilit e.~ rnc:is uniquomont do ns lc. rnos urc ou lo pouplo bul g~ ro no l os & pes repores per sa resistoncc ct pr r sa pcrticipntion activo 3. l a guorrG contrc 1 1 lillc.111:: ·:gn c~ ~!Tr. is nous devons dernontir cornrnc no corrospondont pas ·a 18 Vr: ri t G his tOri qUO 1 I (; CCUS E\ t ion fOrrnUleO p0 r 10 gOU VQI'nOtnOnt grcc~ a sr.voir quo 18 Bulgaria a pris pc'I't a l 1 ogr ess ion do l 'Allcrnsgnc contra l r. Gr eco . Lo pro to colo du 8 Fev risr 1941 _ cite por M. Tsaldnris dans l o s€unco pleniero de ln Conferc~co do l n Pc ix du 14 Aout 1946, no e /~ C.P.(BUL/P) Doc.5 ~ IO ·- confirmo o.ucuno!11. c. nt cott\ nccus2tionc 11 rcssort clr.iro-· mont do co pro tocolo quo lo Gouvornom::.nt bulgnro s'cst .. abstcnu dicngagor l ;cr1118o dcms rmcun c: ctc 2gr cssif contra aucun ~t r t voisin ot qu :il a lirai t e sc t f. cho a 18 defense du t crritoir o bulgrro co:nt rc UilO c: t taq oo ev.:mtucllo · VO nont du sud-est ou du sud ~ En dehors de _cc protocolo. q;11 prouvo lo cor1trairc do co q uc lo Gouvcrno,., cn t gro c voudrui t e t <:blir r colui- ci n' ost en mosuro d. i indiquor aucuno · opera tion r:grcssivo concreto do l' c:nne o bu1g8ro ou d ic: .t!puycr s os r ccusntions pnr des pr ouvoso Bien cu con trair o~ il a et e etcbli par des documents ot d 1 uno mcniero i rrefut r. blo £ qu'aucun de tachoment ou soldnt bulgaro n ~ on t pris pnrt au op~ra ~ions de l a Wohrma cht contra l c: Gr e co ~ Los op nr a tions militcl ir •. s on Greco~ a l'ost du Vtr dar ont ete torminees l o IO o.vril por. l o ccpitulc tion dos troupes 8'r ccquos de ns ccttc regione Co Il 1Gst quo 9 jours apres cetto dnto , ci cst --a-diro lG I9 r vril I94I~ 410 lo Gouv crn0!11Cnt cllom c. nd a autorise l 1Drl11eO bulgaro a com111oncor l 'occu.p[dion do la Thr·2CO Occid c nt .s lo~ de Jr riviera de Stroumn jusqu 'a l a lignc Ded e- llgntch-~ffoustafa . Pecha~ Toujours pr.r ordrc du Gouvorn o ~ c nt allomnnd, cotta province ost passeo lo TO ~~ ::: i I94Is sous l' Cldminis tration bulgarOo Jusqu1 a 1 1 Drriveo dos .troupes bu1geros, 11 eutorit e - . a ete OXOrCeQ OXCll' ':· ~v~ .r:(:mt p8r lOS illlom ~m Q SD qui, d'ail- 10UrS ; OP ~ ~n~ t j~u~ a s ' y C O ~p o r!J r J D· ~sitros abso1us ~. . ,. }>. ( :BUL/P) Doc. 5 • - 11 - ju sq u1 a l a fin do la guerre c Le Gouverne"l;e nt groo pretend proteger la Grece tre une nouvelle "ag:ression" de la part du peuple bul- · ' gare. On repr es onte le peuple bulgare CO YYJ.m o un "peuple agressif" ot on propos e do le f aire ch ~ tiera Or$ jo dai s rejs t er decidement les a ccusations contre lo pouplo bulgaro, 11 E;uffit do r cgardor l a carte po ur jugcr de la va- l lour do l'argumont groc do la s oi-disant agrcssivite du pouplo bulgero : dopuis 1912~ la Greco a etondu plus do doux fois sDn t orr ito ire ~ alors quo la Bulgaria n 1 a pre s quo pa s change d ' 8 t onduo o · Neanmoins, c' ost un f ait que dans la guorr0 do li beration cont rc l' ancion Empire Ottoman on 1912, do taus los Allies la Bulgorio o. supporte 1· s plus lourds sacri fice-s ~ l Ei s J3ulgar 6s ant ou 8 4t~ OOO tues ot blesses, tan- ' dis que lo nombrc dos tues ct blosses do l 'arrneo gr ccquo n 1 a pa s depusse lo chiffrc do dix rni l loa C'cst on pr omior , lieu gr~co au ·sang du pouplo bulga.ro qu'uno grando pa rtie du torritoirc a ctuol do l a Gre co a ete liber e O.u joug dos Sultans. ' Sans s'arroter ici sur l a lutto du po uplo bulga-re contrc · ~j) dictaturo f ascisto dGpuis 1923, ot s _ur los C.P.(EUL/P) Doc.5 - 12 - ripetics drarnatiquc s d:::. cot t c luttc qu1, on l eur t urnps 1 ont r c t cnu l'a ttontion do l : opinion intrrnationalc , il no f nut pas oublior qu or durant 12 guerra lYlondialo ~ ].a_],ill.- ' gario :fut l c chc. m:p d} aQtion d 1un a!Il]lc mouvomont do re- s is t a nco dirige po r 1 o Fr ant do la Pe1 tr1o: f on de on 1942. Pendant l c s anneos 1943 ot 1944 3 l a ~ utt, c de s partisans contrc l os arrier vs des troupes allc111 c: rrl os a pris dos pro port ions monsqan tos . Los 'It· surcs feroc t- s app~i queos par los cmtor ites f ascist os bulgar cs a l 1 instigation de la Ge st a po ~ a ttcst c. nt 1 ronV\..T gur c de cc 1110 UVCmcn t do r esis tance . No puvant plus c o!Y!ptcr sur l' ar lYle o, l o Gouvorno mont f oJ."mo un cor ps s peciol do GondarlTIGIJi o' pour lu t tor contro l os de t nchcrncnts p e:r t isans Q Cc rnouvornc nt de re· sis tanco a ete montionne qu Parlomcnt anglais ot son importa nce est confirrnec per l ' ~ s r upports officials al l o!Ylandsc Los pr oces intont es apres l n liberation contra los bourroaux f ascistcs .ont demontre , uno fois do plus= ~0 l o pays cntior a ete ~' a rena d 1 uno lutto t cnacc ot rude du pouplo contra l .s f ascistos r l c s occupants alle mands ot l eur s a ~c nt s. Des livr cs on t i crs.s con tc ncm t uno d c cu ~o nt ot ion enorlUC J s ont consn cres au mOUVO rrP nt 'do r esistance en Bul garia. L Paris rnorno, uno e xpositi on pE:rticulierc fut or ganis eo, 1'\[0ntrrr nt lo role joue pa r co tto r esis t ance pen dant .la gue r r a . 11 est etrc:m go apr es col c. d''ontondro des C.P.(BUL/P) Do c.5 - 13 - voix contester co qui est ecrit dans l'histoiro avo c lo sang de dizainos do millers do combnttEl nts ot do mr:rtyro, Do t ollos voix no pouvont s I elcvor quo d 1un railiou hos tile a l El ronr. issance G. ernocraticpo dos pcuplos b8lkDniq_ucs. C'est gr~c c a CG puissant rno uvo mont ~0 r esistance qui jouissait do l a sy~p a thio do l'ecrasanto ma jorite du pouplo, que l os ·dirigoants f os cis tos n'ont pas ose so decider a executcr l os dcman C.os r eit ereos do Hitler pour l' envoi do troupes bul gar os s u.r l o Front do l'~stQ De ~rus los allies do l'Lllorn e:J gnos l a E::, l .:1;[~ rh. es t soulc a,n'nvoir donne ni des troupes, ni :TIOrnO des "vol onta ircs" a Hitler .pour S D lutto con tro 1 I U.Rqs.s(\ Connaissant l cs dispositions do l'opinion bulgaro, lo Gouvorn G~ cnt f ascisto n'a p as ose envoyer non plus des troupes contra l c s Ar rn eos bri t e. nniq_uo s o t america inos • . La veritable guorro pour l o Bulgario, collo qui ne- , ccssi t a l a mobilisation total o do sos forces, cornrnonqa npres le ronvor sornont du gouvornorn.ont fnscisto lo 9 sop-. tombrc 1944 Co fut la guerra co ntra 1' bllcmagno hitle rionna. Lcs op erErLions con tro los troupes all emandes ccm rnonceront des 1~ IO soptorn.bro, ot non p as apres la con clusion do l'armistico (28 octobre) cornmc il ost dit da ns lo pre[lrn_bulo du Projot do Tr8 ite. L'arrneo mobilisee comp t ait 448,000 h~mos. Lo 14 s op t crnbro, ~ s troupes alle mandes eta iont dejadefinitivGmont chasseos do la Bulgaria C.P.(BUL/P) Doc.5 ~ ~ at l os operations militaircs furont port6cs on t 1rritoiro yougoslnvo ou los troupes bulgarcs op6rniont do concort evoc 1 ::- s forfTlations do 1 1 GPneo popul[;iro do lib erntion yougoslavo. Lu ~J r c mierc ph::: so do l [; guerra - ncttoyago do la ~~acedoino c. t do 1::: S_rbie des troup es a~lcman:1os - ope- · rat ion a l a g_ uo llo pr ..; nne n t part q uatro r. :rrn 8os bulgaros s t toign1nt un offcctif total do 250.000 hommos - so turmino vors la. fin du mois do nc;::J[nbra par l r. prise des villas do Nich ot Skopje ot p ~1: l'occupc-:t ion do lR ligna Novi P2znr- RBchka- Ourachovatzr- Pnr _des victoircs mcnag ant do coupor l e1 rotrc:itc: dos troupes e: llemc.urlos, L .s for cos bulgr.res ont. aces lere 1 'evacua tion dd ibn Greco par los lillomanc1s; de fait~ les det El chcrnon ts de ln Wohnna cht occupent l t B ilcs c t s o. -:;hi£ : n :mt a 40~000 hommos onvi- I ron ne puront s o rct i rer ot so r andiront aux An~lais. Pour los operations en t cr r i toiro hongrois Jt au trichions, uno nrmeo specialo G.o 100 , ~ 000 hommos ost or- - - gBnisee sous lo commnndemcnt du 2-err].O Front_ Ukrainion do l'f..rrnee -Rouge. Ello prcnd p~rt ala guorro jusqu'a l'of .. fonr~ r am.ent dcfi ..,i_H-r do l 11lllornDgno et attaint la villo do Klagupfurt, a I.:::r;r ~ -~ "' ~ :' '·-- : <' 1_~ !P Bulgaria. ou ollc fait sa jonction avoc l os troupes bri tanniquos. C.P.(BUL/P) Tioc.5 .Llu cours do huit mo1s, l cc; guorrc contrc l' ~1llo'llagno a cott~ plus de 32.000 tu ~ s c t bl o ss~s ot oxig~ des d~ pcnscs 'l1 2t ericllos s'6l o v ~ nt a plus do 280 'llillions do dollers. Il importc de souligncr quo l os op er cc; tions mili t ::::iros contre l 1 ;~: l c m ~ gno furGnt ontroprisos per l c Gouv crnomont du Pront do 1 c Pc trio spont o nern o nt (l Puisqu'il n'y avoit plus de fo r~a tions ~ llc mandos on torritoirc bul gor c , le but des ope r c tions milita ircs, on vuo dosquoll e s fut proclElmeo 12 mobilisetion generolo, n' 8 t r: it p c:s de li ber or l a Bulgcr·ic do s troupo s n llo'Tln ndos ou do conquerir dGs t crritoiros, rrJ.a is uniquom:;nt, suivr. nt lo desir du lJGUplo bulgaro, d' opportor sc contribution au nottoyago dos Bal knns do l o Wo hrmecht ct a l a defEdto definitive du l' Lll.Grne.gno hitlerionno • To l l e es t Clo ne l a v8rit{, su; lc:3 soi-disant "trois agr:J SS lOllS bulger o S 11 do nt l G GouvG rD C. rn (., ll t grc C f c: it eta t~ - . S'il n'y a aucunD rai son pour qu o l c. Grec.o domanda . I unc r ectification clo lc~ f ronti 8r·J gr {c o ~"' bul ~;a ro. touto l'histoirc1)qlitiquc: des Bc l ksns est la pour montror qu'il y a uno question on suspons qu1 5 on (l cpit dJ t outcs los t cntotiVOS f o itcs jusqu 'ici,, •3S t clomoureq sam\ solution ot s o trouvc a l'originu d 1 un.:J injm:·. t icc cr ic..mtct D.P. C'cst la Cl UC stiun do 1 1 t;cces d8 1,.. Bul~oric, a la rlfcr Jg fD 1 8 CCSS 0 btcnu v n 1912, l orsq UC SOS C:T'n f OS libe rervnt lt.. Thr:,c .:; Ucc i r\ ;nt E.lo de l r: domination turqu(,. Cc. tto_, ., r6P,"ion demeure partie integrant ". du Lrritoiro bulgc:: ro memo · apres 1.:: pt: ix do Bu cr:rost du 10 nout I913 ·1ui rnottnit pour t ,:nt fin a UnG uP.'U Orrc mDlhcurOUS C ..LDOUr } 2. Bulool.-:J c rio • Co n' est qu' apres ·lc.:: pr em i er e :;ucrro rnondir lo ot c :m- · traircmont a tous l os princi pc s do droit o t d'oquite, que la Thraco O cci c~c nt a L; fut onl ovec a l r. Bulgc:ric. Cc. t"tc deci- sion fut imposeo contrairornont a l'opinion s outcnuo per la del (igntion des ~Jt st s- Unis d'ilYrJe:r i quc ot on l'obsonco do l a ltussio. 'nul gre t o ut ~ l o Tr uite no Ncuilly no con- ferai t a la G:.: 8co aucun droit de possession sur la Tbraec Occidentale. L' articlc 48 dudi t Tr a it6 stipulait on offot que la Bul~L: ri c rononga it en f avour d ·j S principr. l t:·s ,Pu is s ancos ~l li ci os ot bs soci ees h t aus s es ~roits c t titr~a sur . l os t orritoiros do l a rr hra co , ot quo l csdistc. s puis sances_ s' ongag o<': icnt a co que l ~t libortc des d~bouches economiq uos de l a Bulgor i o Sill~ 13 r~c r Eg-G o fut g'crantio. \ Cc ;n' c s t do~ qu ' a l a Co nf tT ,:_ nee d c La us c:nno. on 1923 qm ccttc qu(, stion fut so ulovee a nouveau • LL Conf?rcncu do L::.usanno cr.; r it e t e convoqueo pour >l1 Cttr o fin a l c:i guorro greco..;turqUO qui• S I e t a it t crrnineO p ar } 8 debacle dOS ar tYl f OS grccqu Js on !. sio ~trin o ur o c 1:.. decision attribusnt la ThrtlCB l) ccir1on t f-l10 a ! .... !?-~ :~ c o f ut f1o nouvofl u priso C • P , ( BUL/P ) ~ ~ . \ I ~ '!' ~ \ ~~ .;:. 'ji, ~• l ' ~I . Jli' on l' nbscnco do l ' U. R. s . s •• t ondis quG l os ~ t r. ts-U11is n' o- 1 t ai ont r opr esont es a lc: Conf 8r cnco quo F :r dos obsorva t c ur s . LD Bul ~sc : r i c . do son cot e , no Sl gnc: pas lo protocolo. Quant ' a co qui co nccr no l 'issuc dole Bul. ~e r ]c a l c: r ~o r E;_-~e o, l a q uestion dc""lc ur a on v .:; illcuso 110 problbno dol o Thrc1 co Oc ci(io nt ol c ot do l• Bcces do l a Bulgc r io ·a la rnor Ego o do'l\curc dopuis lors ouvort ot non r esol u. Personna no s a ur r. it cont c: s t Gr seri ouS O!.!lO nt lc droit do l a Bulgr.r i o a un a cc ~s o f f~ c ti f a l a mor Zgeo• sur un ' littoral qui const ituc uno portio int r~ gr Emt o de Sfl zooo g eogr; ophiq UG 0 t Gconom i q UO • L::: plus gr ond c portio du t crr it o i ro ·bulgaro ( 43%) de ve r se s os oaux da ns l e Nor ~ - ~ :r 8o ( contra 42% dr. :qs lo Da mbo o t 15% dr: ns 1 ~: He r No i r e ). t J;.:;s rout" s l os pl us Dnci ·:mnos o t lc s plus i mportt:m.tos do lc: Bul:;--£:r io ~- t do l e ps r ti o · o ~i o nt a lo do l c: pros qu'ilo ~ I balkani quo conduisont a J.r rnor =Ge e , Un s i Yl'! plo coup d• oo il s ur J. u ca r t o · geograph i quo s uffirni t pou r s •on . co nvoincro . Tro:B lie nc s f l~r r o v i a ir o s pcrt c: n t do Rous s e , do Plov di v ot do .... ' .. Sofi a s ' arrc t ont a l o frontier c c r ocquo• Uno q ur.triemo ost on mnstruct ion, Unc, q uc~ nt i t e de. r ou t os t r avorsont l c s Rho dopes ot ~:~ t t o i gnon t l s front i er c "Sr c cc:u o, Un s o.cond f &it, \ c• os t que 18 Bul c:;a r io os t l o pont o nt ro l o Donubo o t lB ]~~'cr Vu sa posit i on c t.. ntr al.c Anns l r: pr os qu ' ile:: , l 2. plus IS ~' .. (BUL/P) Doc. 5 .._ : gr <: llf~6 pr-rti.J '1 0S tr r:n s~I ..Jrts bt1.l;-:.r.~s ~avr : i <;nt otrc flirigoS V6rS lL Mor B:;<5e r t n)n vc:cs 1 <~ 1"cr N)iro, !Jnisquc flc:ns co ·cr..~. les t~2ns ;>:;rts 8':1nt f~Jrc ,_! s fl_c L .iri: un il l: tour pr:r rnor rl.' il pou pros 350 ~il- r· "r1nc• lc• ... '11 ..-. 0 • ..ic.urs. Un rr- cc')urcis- l ' 1' rl t ~-~ r~\..' ·ll· r1 .1' ·r1' r · " 1' c ,.. J. o ' . •H . 'ulr·- ' ' • TYJ. ~· 0 u u f,:1 s ·- lcs pcys bclk zn i ~u~ s. or;r.lcr'!ent l'IYlJ_:u rt.·: r:t i_))lJT cort.-:::ins prys (\c ' 1 '3urJp:c Crntrnlc. C0111'116 pr.r ~· x·l11ple lr. :a U 11:'-~1ic, L . rrchcc=.) sl ..:vr:rluirJ ot ln PJlogno. · L' cl.Ji: :·n c'11~-l:t r. r L Eulr;;_- ri0 r1c lc: 'Yl t: r =::.-;..;c ~: Gt , l.Jurd ~- o cvns .:g_ucnccs 0c:JDJrqiguob jJ ':J Ul' 1 . ·y:yr., t Jllt ontior, f'insi que p)ur lc littJr ~ l lui-~6'Tlc. Aujuun1'hui lc li1..t~r r. l rl c l~ ~.i'h:c~ , co ost il.0scitt;ct :.>os ~1.Jrts i1 'vnt SU 1 UDC i"l1 ~)J rt <.~TI CG .!.m r : l'Tlcr~t l . l C~.lc • C.U f c it r.o lt B ~) parn- )~iJn rlc cc 'litt Jri'l no S)n ~1int-.rlr · :nr: n;' t ur c1. D... 'G ·~ .utcs los ..,r.rchnB 1 (.. l'sc:s u.J .'.... ch.... (..,. ·rrr~:) {,f-r, . ..., rl. (..·- nL:0 lrc\..I ...... J·1. ...,·, rt~.;.)· · {.:1~ ~.L, C t· ·~r·. 'I (.' ]l·. (.· · ,·:t- n.o D . ...,· A ~~·~ (.~"f>,.tch .. : .l -. " . prnn;..;nt" .c. ~ lr: p,ri:Jfl.O ('10 193) il. 19'35. S(. Ult~.., ,~r. t 31% -~'l'JVl . G DI;LDt n.(. 1' 0tr:n g'r. 69 %appr .rte:n::nt t.u tr.'., fic r1 u c~ , b 'Jt : ·:t. ere c. Sur lcs "'1r~. chen- .. ~~,iso · f:i ch~: rg- OE5 ~- ;;s er-r -~·. u .t ;Ycts. t:.5 Jb ;t ..·.Lnt ~~u.. th.h 1;. s i ., 1• t"'r.;;n~r ct 15 % ,.ut ..:. t ~- :c~~ ~)(;t'\.i t s 1 ~ ..ns 1 ~1 ;;~::ys ""orne. •.Lcs ,)')rts -~S·fvm> s...;-n ~ ~-ln si t·btn;~.~n, n ,: e. p~~-r lc tr: .fie tniTi tim(·. int."-; ressLnt . 1 '3ur:i p·:: ::..rlentt ~ t I , I ,• ~--~------~------. ' ) C. P . (BUL/P) :Do.c . 5 ' "" I t 19 '"' .. hint ,_ .rl c=:n d ne t urol. Lo port de C<1vclla , eloi gne do 30 kl m. de l o vo i c f c r n~ c Sr: loniquo_(-Constc:ntinopl o n' ost. j u sq u'~ pr 6s cnt , p es ~c l i e c p~ r ch c ~in de f or ovoc lo sys- t ~~c f r rrov i 2i rc du p2ys. L2 s it uotion oct ucllc constitua uno vi oL1ti on do l c geographic , c0 c:_ ui D provo que l a dec rnc ns o r egi on des Rhodopcs , regi on i ns cipe ratlom~ t lie e a L' elov::ge dm s l ot> Rho do pes , j c: di s f l or i s sm t , o o t r u in6 J.l_ ':r __.1 o f c i t q u o 1 1 h i v c r m' go dG s t r ~ u pe c.:: ux qui , de t emps i rrrrne rn or i 2l, avc-:it liou sur l o litto:col do l a rrhrnce , ost r o n ~u i mD0[3 S ibl o • .1. ' Quand on vout r e chor cher l ij s' cm sos plus profondos . qui ' ' ont fc i t quo l 2 Bul .~· o ri o fut livree a l' A:J lomagno hi tl e r i e nne ~ on ne pout no p2s y w ir uno dos cv nsequences du f a it que ' l e Bul ~o r i o a e t ~ el oigneo do l o mor o t que . palos r out os qui lui roste innt' ouv ert os r:o ur son oomme r co ext er i u ur. l a r oute du Danubo ot l e::; chemins do f er - mo na icnt on ~.l l o rn' c:; u.r.r ne . Nos c. fforts on vu o d ' obtonir l ' a cces l n P~ r ~go o nous oon t dict es por l a volont e d ' assurcr not r o 1 i bor t 6 o t not r o inr18pc nds nco 8 conorni quo . Nou~3 j u ~~ r i on ::-~ inutile do d (~ v8lopp or i ci t ous l os Drgu rnent s qu1 rni lit cnt e n f r vcur de l a du"'lc ~;:1 d o bulge:; r o d ' un a c- ' ' l , . ~ / c e s a c: rn or .&{;e o : cos ar g ume nt ::; nc sunt quo trop ev idont s ot pGrsonno no pout cont es t er l c droi t do l n BulG;:; rie a cot C.P.(BUL/P) Tioc.5 - 20 .... acces. \ ' Le Gouvcrnetr1ent grec lui-m~Trle, se- ~ rendant compte com bien la rer:lite des faits est forte et eloquento, chorcho a detourner l'attontion dv co problems en so s orvant d1 ar gumonts inadequats. C'cst ainsi, pur oxo111plo, quo Monsieur .. -·- Tsaldaris a declcire qu' actuollen1' nt le nombro des Bulgaros n'ost pc.s considerc.blo on Th:cnco Occidenta]D et que cetto province n'avc;.it pr.s ete incluso dens les .frontieres do la Bulr;r:rio du Trr:ite do Sen Stefc::no. Or, lo Trci.te do Sr.n St efnno laissE:i t lE'. Thn lCe Occif'G ntalo non pes a l a Greco. lYlais ala Turquio, et il accordcit a lr: Bulge;rio d' uutrcs regions qui a pp&rt icnm:m t act ucllomo nt a 1 a Greco. CO'Tim J collos do Xnnthi, do c~vclla, otc. Du rostc , tous l cs ospri ts snns pr: rti-pris qui ont etudie l os conditions dens l cs BnlkGns, n'ont jDmais hesite a roconpa1trc lc CPrf',ctero bul~cro do_ la Thrnco Occinontdo. Pormi oux, on roncontrc ~ G s noms d'eminonts snvcnts do toutos los nations, tol quo le Slc:vistc bion connu Soforik (1863), los cthnographos russos Liprnndi (I8E8) Toplov (1877), lo comto I ,~ati l- f, Ritich (1885), Florinsky (1907), Nidorlo (19II) otc. Lo publicistc fn: n~ c: is, F~1 c sm: ux, ecrivci t dt:ns ''.L'Oricnt", on 1892 P•P• 261-262 co qui suit :"tout lc t ~, r- -· - - ritoiro compris ontrc l'Hobro (rtrc. ritza) ot lc Strymon-(StroumO. ,,/ C .P # (BUL/P) J)o c . 6 / September 4, 1946 ; PARIS OONFEHENOE Political and Territorial Oo mL~ is si on f or BUL GARIA. AMENU,IENTS OF THE AUSTRA.LL1.N 1DEL EGATI ON TO THE DRAFT PEJ~CE r P.1h1.TY --WITH---- -BULG1------'i.Rii· :.. . Fourth Recital t o read a s f ollows "Whereas -Gne ~... llied and .Ii.s so ciat ed Powers and Bulgaria are respectively desir c~ us of concluding a Treaty r~ · f Peace which, ('onfo:r:ming_.Jo the_ _p_ ~-~J.ciple_s of_ justi9_e and se . cl£:?.~p~o all :eersons in te:critories affected ..£Y_j-t human . £i_g_g!_f32g~ _ funda mental freedoms withuut dis~~ n ct i on ~s to _race L~-L-lan_guage or retigiqn, will settl e questions s till outstanding as a result of the events hereinbefore recited and form the basis cf friendly relations be-tween t h em, thereby enabling t he l.J.lie d and ll.sso ciated Power s t~ support Bulgari a : s application t o become a member l') f t h e United Nations and also to adhere to any convention con cluded under t he auspices of t h e United Nat ions i l . ( ~rOTE : At the me eting of t he Bulgarian Commissi on on the 28th i2.ugust Y 1946 } t h e Fourth Re cital of the pr eambl e wa s adopted in the following form : "Wher eas the l1.llied and iJ 8Sociate d Po we rs and. Bulgaria are resp ec~ . iv e ly des irous of coacllJ.0.i ng a treaty of peace which, conforming t o the principles of j .,_s t ice will f')rm the basis of friendly relations between them and settle questions still outstanding between them as a result of the events hereinbefc re recited; thereby enabling the l~.llie d and .b..s~so ciat€ d Powers to support Bul gar ia 1 s appli cat ion t o beccme a member of t he United Nations and also t o a dhere to any conv e n t ~on concluded under the auspices of the Un ited Nati-:;n s" o That s e ~-~ti o n of t he _;j.ustr al i an amendment r eading as f ') ll t~ws : nand securing to all persons i n t erritories affected by it human .. ::e ights and fundamental freedoms, without distin r-+ i0.:.1 as \rcJ~~~ -.oc;::.,... .l~"'lZ,J - P.R:e -:· r ..,.., 0' ..;_:_: -i.. ":l: '1 ", ,c..J defel~ r G d"). • •• / n - c.. - P.t'.. RT I. ~ ;.rticl e NOTE : While no amendraent is being put forward at t h i s st age the .. ~ustralian delegati on will seck t l1 e appoi ntment of a Committee of Investigation to r upert on the r clevnnt facts in r elation t("' bom1darie s wllicb ma.y r>till be in di sput e . The foll..,wing resolution wi ll bo moved ~ "Th i s Oom,nission a ,·,r ee8 to net up a Oommi ttco to examine all · docu:nc;_1ts (includinc; t hose pl aced before: the Council 1\ of :b'oroign ~.linistcrs) which it considors relevant t" the (particular bo1mdary qucr~tion in d.isputc:) and to report to t he Commi s~ :: io ::1 t1w r elevant facts, !ilRking [3U.ch xec')m me.. ndation as it thincss fit, h aving particttlar r egard t,., the :r)rinciJlG8 st ated in t h e l .. tlantic Obc::.rter and the principl o:::· E>tated in ;,.:::·ticlo 5) of the United Nations Churt er" . P ..iJtT II.- Political Claus.e:; s. L.rticlo 2 Hcnumb er pr esent ~~rticl e 2, ..l~rt i cl <:~ 2 , p ::rr·agr aph (l) and add new pa;ra (2) "(2) Bulgaria undertakes t hat, in order to fulfil its obligations undur p [jra;; r ~:rph l of this a rticle, those oblit:;ations shall bu r e cognised a s fu...~da:nental l aws and that 11~"~ l a:w , r cc:;ulation or off icial action shall con:fli ct or intorfur e with t hose oblig ations , nor f::h all any lnw, ret;ulati on or official action pr evail ovor t h ·3m". ( NOTE ; In as mu c.a as t ll() prc:JEmt dr aft treaty do c;s not effect a,ny --tu-rritor "ial cha.rJ.g e t ho question of moving an ainen dment corro s p ,pding to parac:;raph 4 of t lw· .. ~1.:u3 t r al.ian J;.r.nendmentf:1 to t he I talian Tr oaty doc s not y et a ri s c ) • ..:~rticle 1· ~~.dd following new clause ; " The Government of Bulgaria shal l appl ;y for l~te; !l b 1:3 rsh ip to tho Food and .... t;ricul tural Orc; ~· · r.d sation of t he United Na-tions, the Internation Wh eat Oouncil, t i1.G Intornational Hoal th Organisation, and su.ch ot hf) r ec onomi~ and. soci al ore; ani sa t ions as shall be brought into rclationsl!tp with tho United Ne.. tions, and ohall co-oper ate with all those bodic;s in ca rry ing out thEJ ir· de cisions and r e commt.mdations. Th EJ Governments sign a tory to t his Treaty undertake to Bupport any such ap1)lication ~nm de by the Gove.r):llll£mt,. of Bul~ ari a. f1. • •• / C .P • ( BUL/ P) Doc:" 6 -- 3 - l PJ;.RT VIII. Final Cl aus es . i .~.rticl e 33 . Redr aft L.rticl e 33 to r ead ~ li 1. Ther e shall be a Treaty Executive Council composed of represent ntive s of t h e u.,s.A .. , Fr3Jlce , The U.K. and U. S . S . R. and of t hr ee of tho other ..i~.lli ed and : .. s so ciat c d Pow\J rs elected by the Confcr\:;nco of Paris. Th e Council .=1h e..ll det er!nine its own procedure. The Council shall r epre s ont t h e .i1.llie d and ~:..ss6 cinto d P owers in d ealing with the Bulg arian Govor n ;10nt in all matters concerning the int e rp ~e tation and execution cf the Tre aty other than those ma tters whi ch are otherwise provide d for under the :rreaty c 2c The Oo tmcil shall give the Bulgarian Government such guidance 1 t e chnical a dvice and clarification as may be necessary to ensure r apid and eff i cient compliance with the spir it and t erms oi t ho pr e s ent Treat yo 3. The Bu.lgarian Government ru1d ur take s to afford tho Council all neco s ser y information and anp: assistance it may r eQuire i n t he fulf ilment of the tasks devolving on it under t he pre s ent Tr e at y ll ~ ( NOTE ~ The 11ust r alian Del egation r e s erve s the right to introduce aprop)s al making tho Treaty Exe cutive Council the continu ing exoc:1ti v e of the Peace Confer ence of Paris with jurisdiction i n all matters arising out of the Trea ties). Redraft U .. IL &'1 d U.s •. proposal to r ead : 11 Except wher e any ot her proce dure is specifically prf'lvidod under any article of the pre sent Tr eaty, disp ut e s concerning tho inter pret ati.on or c;x e cution of t he 'I'reaty shall b e refc;rred to the Treat y Ex ecutive Council and if no t 'r e solvod by it within a p eriod of t vm mont h s shall at the r eQuest of any party to any dispute , b e r e f .o _:.:- :::~sd to t h e Inter nation Court of J ustice ". : .... ft er L.. rticl e 34: add t h e following n ew a rti clo 3 5. numb ered 35 ~ " 1. L. Conf erence of tl1e ~ ... lli.e d and i· .~.sso ciat e d Powers for the purp ose of r eviewing t h e Treaty or any part t her eof may be held at a da t e and pl a ce to be fixed by a i!l ajori ty vote of two-thrids of t he me .:1b ers of t he Trea t y Exe cutive Oofimcil constituted by ,t - ~ ticl e 75. ... / I 0. P . ( BUL/P) Doc . 6 4 - .) 2 • llny amendme nt s of t he Tr eaty r e coilli1lended by a ma j ority v,., te of two - thrids of the Confer ence shall t ake eff e ct wh en r a tified in a ccordan ce with t heir r espectiv e constitutional processes by two-thrids of the lillie d and ~·.~.. s s o ciat ed Powers i n cluding t h e U . .S . A. 9 France , the U.K. and t he U• .S .S. R. 3 . If su ch a Confer enc e has not been h eld b e f ~r e t he expiration of ·f i v e year s from t he coming i nto for ce of t he pr e sent Treaty, a Conf er ence sh all b e h eld if so decided by a simp l e ma j ority vot e Qf t he memb er s of t he Treat y Ex ecutive Co uncil". ( NOTE : ThG J .~.. ustr ali an Delegat i on r e s erve s t he r i ght t~ alter, mo di fy or extend t he a bov e m.mendment s and a dditions prtpos ed). Renumb er pre: s ent ~ i rt i cles 35 ctnd 36 t o r ead Ar ticle s 36 and 3 7- P.i1.RT VIII. Oo urt of Human Rie;ht s . ... Add n ew P art. 33li. . Ther .e is her eby est ablished a Europe an Oourt of Human Right s . The Oourt shall b e constit u ed and shal l f unction in a ccordance with the .i-Lrticle s conta i ned i n t his part and in the annexed Statute of t he Oo u;rt which fo·r ms an i ntegr al part of t h i s Tr eaty, 33B. The Co urt shal l hav e j urisdi ction to h e ar and det er mine a ll disput es con cer n i ng the en joyment of human r ights and fundamental f r e e doms pr ovide d f or i n t his Tr eat y or i n a ny Statute made under this Tr oat y . Sub ject to such co nditions and r estrictions as shall b e cont ai ned i n t he St at ut e of the Oo urt, t h e j uris diction of t he Court sh all b e both origi nal and appellat e , and shall also ~ xt e nd to quest ions of i nter .LJ r ot at ion nr i si n g in such dispute s as are broue;ht b efore a dministrativ e tribunals or admi n istrative authoritie::. 33C. TJ1 e appella t e j urisdi ction shall extend to appe aJS3from all deci s ion s of t he Court of t he Stat e bo und by t he obligations c ontai n ed i n J~ rticl e 2 of t h is 1.1r oaty , in which any qu e stion a tis e s a s to the en j oyment of hwnan righ t s or fW:ldament al fr ee d~ m s. 33D. The Oo urt sb.al l -be cp en to any per s on or group of p ersons r e s i dent in Bulgaria. I t shall also b e open t o any of t ho State s s i gn at orie s to t h is T.r8at y . 33E. Each of the St ates r efer r ed to in J1.I· ticl e 3)D and its instrument ali tie s shal l compl y wi th t he j udgment of the Oo m,t in any ca s e t o which t h e St at e is a part y and wi th anl;I order wh ich the Court may m.cUr o ai:-:e i n Pt. it. . .. / C. P • ( BUL/P ) Ilo c • 6 - 5 - 33F. i .. ny judb,,Hmt or or c1or made by the Court in favour of any i:)e r s \'n or grou:p of persons within the juris diction t~t , f E'JlY of such St ates shall be fully effective · according to its ter':'.J.s and the State or Sta tes affected by -the judg ~11en t or odcr und.c rtake t8 enforce it accordingly" · 33G. Bulbaria undertake s that t ho p rovlslons contained in .L.r ticles 351.. t o F shall be r e cot;ni·sed as fundamental le.ws and that no law 1 r t:\;)ulation or of;ficial action shall c~nflict or interfere with these provisions} nor shall any law, regulation or official action prevail over them. 33H. The CotiTt shall also have jurisdiction, both orit;inal a:t:'ld appellate l t " hear and det ermine disputes concerning the enjoyment of such human rights and fundamental freedoms as shall be provided for in the treatios of peace which will be made by any of the ~.. llied and l..ssociated Power i; with Rumania, Hungary, Finland 1 ~l.ustria or Germany. 33I. The Court shalC~L be composed of a b~Jdy of independent judges 1 s electee according to the standards l ·aid d~wn by the Charter of the United Nations for t ne election of judt;es f':f the International Court of Justice. 3)J. The Court shall c0nsist of not less than three members appointed in the manner s et out in the annexed Statute of the Cc urt, 33K. ThG Court shall :nake an annual report t•" the Econ(')mic and Social Council of the Unit ed Nations on the working of the Court in relation t .~. t he rights and freed::'! ILl S within its jurisdiction. The C.ourt may also 1ilak e other reports to that C'juncil if and when it thing s propper to d>" so. 11 ' l C .P. ( BU.G/P) Doc, 7 SPEL.CH BY .i.~ . PIPHIELI:J 1-ffiPRESENT,.".TIVE OF· GREECE 1•::.c,.Df~gf(4~H _,SEPTEHillBR , 1946 ;--TO 'l':i-IE POLI'l·H:;.,J:, .n.ND . 'l'EllliTOR~__ COl .. ~·.i iS S ION ,.. ~:.Q~ __!3 ULGlill D~ The statement ;mde b:;- the Bulcarian Delegate a t yesterday 's i'11eetirJ.B does · no·~, in ,,iY opini o:1 _, need i . ens·~hy refutation bn each of the points r a ised by his speech. :B'or the e:,e neral sense of t hat speech, and the t::,e neral conclusion to be C'c:·mvn fro"n it; ca::1. be SUt!ltk'lrised in a few vmrds: it constitutes a deiiJand for the annexa hon of l1.'es sern Thrace by Bulgari a . Bulgar i a ha ving f ought va lia ntly on the sid.e of the Allies ·would thus obtain a s a reward a t the conclusion of war, on the nor t ;:;.; Souc:J.s:.-n Dob:cuo. j a:· and on the south, Wes tern 'l'hrace; wherea s Greece wo uld bt a sked to j ustify , b efore an asseHJbly in vrhich Bulgari a wo uld be invited to sitJ the iniqu_i. tous injustice she comi',ri.tted 27 years aso, whe n she ventured to accept from the hands of the Allied and Lssocia ted Powers a province which had been Gr eek f:c·o;;1 the beg:;.nnir1g of tiine, nru.1el y , Western T0.race . The result would be - ;~ha t a:pp:cox:i.i!!8..l;ely 250,000 Greeks a nd 100 ,000 .Turks would pass under the 1ule,ari a'n yoke or would be co;,lpelled to ei.li[:sr a te, a sacrifice which~ however, would be somevrha ·s Hi.L t"i.t.;a ted by the fact that Bulgari an co,L.,tunica tions with the sea would be sho:c ";eneo. by SOiJte 260 .ail.C;s ' and t hat BulL;,aria n troops in the Rhr· dope m01mtains vlou.l_o. enjoy somewhat iilore co:;Jfortable winter quarters. Such a :;a,.lpl eto :r-e\cerE-al of the respective rol 6s of an allied country, which spared no sacr::.fbe :i.n fighting for the- commo n c a use~ and a fon11er ene.. IJ on who$ e shouLlers b:~a·!)- and lenerally recognised r e s ~) Ons ibili ties lie, scarcely calls for s e rj_ou:.~ cJn1ment.. It only constitutes a fre sh proof of the expansion- i st intenticms of Bul gar:i.a.. 'l']Je way in which the repr esentatives of :Dulgaria , on the r.:~'Jrro w of defeat , abu;:·.e the right they have been gr anted to state their case before -this Gonfer·ence;. i.n order to propose the disme;.1berment of a n a llied countr}T1 ' should S0T V8 as a salutary warning and. should be given due weight Wi1en judge1;1ent is pasf:ed, Sub,jec:~ to th~ . s r eserve, t:Lon, I t hi nk our debat e s will e-,ain in clarity if I pr oceed :1.."' ~'1ed:l .a tely to state the point of view of the Gr eek Del egation ree,arding Article 1 of t he T:r·eaty , on the understanding that I a;n a t liber t y tc:i refer, from time to tiute, -::o certain pa13sages in the Bulgarian Delegate 1 s s peech which bear some r elation to illY s ta te;,Ien t , .Article 1 , and the explanatory note accmupanying it, deal with t wo distinct ques ti o ~ s; the northern and wes tern frontiers of Bulgaria, and the frontier between Bule,aria and Greece" As retards the former 1 Articl e 1, in specifying t hat the frontiers of Bulgaria shall be the same a s on January 1, 1941 , i ;;1plici tly confirms the Craiova Agree!ilent of Septe. . ~er 17 :- 1940, under the t enlS of which a n old quarrel between Rou,,Jania an2. :Uul t,e.r ia which had l a sted for several t:,e nera~~ _, was settled in favour of the l a t tet' ~ C.P. (BUL/P) Doc. 7. 2. Under this agreement, Bulgari~ receives a territory covering · approxiu~tely 7,500 sq. lcrns. 1 with a population of some 3001 000. The transfer of this terri tory is even i,:ore imoortant fro;u an econoi.i.'d..c point of view,for Southern Dobrudja is one of the i!-x>st fertile districts in south-eastern Europe 1 to such a de&Tee 1 that it was usually known· ;in Bulgaria as the "golden Dobud.ja". Cereals are cultiva ted on some 535,000 hectares of arable land of the finest qua.li ty, while ah10st the entire re:ucining area of the territory consists of forests and vineyards. Thanks to the incon;ora tion of the Dobrud.ja, Bulgaria, with a popul.a tion of nearly 6. 7 uti.llion, will co;~~rise 4t million hectares of arable land: in other words, will have 150 inhabi ta.nts per square kilometre of arable land. I may :oote incidentally that Greece, a country with a population of about 7~ illillions and only 2.3 Llillion hectares of arable land, has 308 inhabitants per sq. km. of arable lund. · These facts should suffice, in. il\Y opinion, ~ to show that the Trea i{{ of Peace with Bulgaria is prefaced by an act of .gea t t enerosi ty towards tha. t country. Greece 1 however, which bears no anililOsi ty towards her former enemies, has no objections to one of theJu, ~ven though it be one vvhich has always shown itself particul.arly hostile, receiving satisfaction for its claims if these are regarded by the· Conference as legi tiua. te. The Greek Delegation is 1 therefore, pr~~ed to associate itself with those pr~visions of Article 1 which concern the northern frontier of Bul&aria, provided always that the legitimate claims of Greece dealt with in other parts of this Article are also given satisfaction. · I now pass to the question of the soutbern frontier between Bulgaria md Greeoe. The Greek Government has already ex:pl~ined its point of view on this problem and has submi t.ted to the Council of Foreign 1Unis ters a new dei1laroa tion line, better calculated to secure the defenoe of its frontier. A memorandum sent to the Council of Foreign i1i.inisters in May 1946 has also been oommunica ted to the General Secre ta.ria t of the Conference for the inform;t tion of members of this Comnission. This line of course is r.aerely a suggestion on the :tart of the Greek Government; nnd it would be for the Conference 1 and the Council or Foreign uanisters to fix the exact and definitive frontier line. As already e~lained at considerable length1 the Greek Governinent's .proposal is simply intended to ens\li'e better defence of Greek terri tory 1 which has been exposed on ·three different occasions during a single generation to Bulgarian aggression. The historical facts in this connection are so g-enerally known that it is unnecess~ for me to recapitulate them today. I am, l;owever, compelled to do so to some extent owing to the special }nins taken by the Bulga.J'i•.: Delega·t,e to co~test the aotual evidence on the point. Fol' we were told the other C.P. (BUL/P) Doc. 7 3. evening, that Bulbaria bad never participated in the war abainst Greecej that she had confined herself, a few days after the capitulation of the Greek army in lViacedonia, to undertaking the aili.J.inistration of the .north-eastern provinces of Greece, solely anima ted, of course, by a pious vvish to ensure order and prosperity. It is quite plain however, on evidence of off-icial docw1ents published since tha t tii< le, that Bulgaria, far frou1 not having _,_Ja.rticipated in ti:e war agains·c Greece, had concerted ,,dli tary action with Germaey against her, and that detailed and fon:aal arranteraents for such concerted action had· been made under a secr et protocol7 siencd in February 1941 1 between Field l\1urshal von Liszt and the Bu.1. garian General Boydev It is true that this agreement did not actually provide for Bulgarian troops taking part in frontline fighting against Greece; it did provide, however> that Bulgarian troops should cover the flank of the Gen.-an an Not satisfied-with this~ the Bulgarian Goverru4ent, in virtue of other secret arrangei By February 20, 1941, . the prepara tory work had been coi Russia replaced a corresponding nu:nber of Geriia.n divisions 1 Yv~1ich were thus relieved from important tasks and could be used for other purposes. There is no need to be a military expert to recoe:,nise that all these facts clearly indicated a concerted plan of uulitary atgression, a plan in which the respective parts to be played were allocated, and which Ger• I do not wish 'co over-burden this statement by historical digressions concerning the two previous occasions on which ~Gree ce was attacked by Bulsaria. I \Jill confine l"<1yself to quotillb a n extract froh1 a document, whose significance you i.ill I fun sure appreciate, and which will throw a more vivid light than I ali1.able to, on the good faith of all the assurances given by the Bulgaria n "Delegate. This document is an order fro;n General Savoff, the Cowmander-in-chief of the Bult:;arian armies, issued to his divisional cor.1l.mnders on the eve of the Bulgarian aggression of June 1913: · 11 The Generals must bear in mind tha t our opera tions against the Serbia ns and the Greeks will be undertaken without any previous declaration of -vvar for - ~he followillb reasons : 11 To arouse the ariizy- to such a pitch of feeling t ha t our men will henceforth re&ard our former allies a s enemies" , This was the kind of fraternal action by which the "defensive opera tion11 , to which the Bule:,arian Del elu. te referred, was initia ted in 1913 against its fonuer allies in the War of Liberation. Now, all these acts of ag&,ression did not take pla ce solely in t he domain of pure strategy. They led in praetice to long successions of sufferinb and :rna. terial damage. The fratricidal wars .provoked by Bulgaria ass'Uiiled a particularly ferocious f".haracter, a fact shlficient to explain why their memory has remained so deeply engraved on the minds of those who lived a t the , time. ll'i . Tsaldaris, in his recent speeeh in the Conference, • ead you extracts of the reports of the Int0rna tional Cmmnissions of Enquiry, which constitute a damning verdict abainst Bulgaria. I need only recall · here that, according to the Greek census of 1940, the Greek terri tory subsequently occupied by Bulgaria had a populn. tion of approxiY11ately 742,000. In 1942, the Bulgari a n census only showed a popula tion of 640,000, despite the systematic efforts 1.1ade by _the. Bulgarian authorities, from the very beginning of the occupu. tion, to cold~se this terri tory systema. tically. More than.. 100,000 persons wer e cowpelled in • • C .P·. (BUL/P) Doc •.. 7. .. ' 5. leave their homes as a result of the m turali sn. tion l aws promulr;ated by the Bulgarian a uthorities . · The entire Jewish ·populc:c tio.n inha"Q i ting these districts, amountin.r:, to some 5,048 persons, vvas deported by the Bulgaria ns and handed over to the Gen:;Jan a uthorities n. t the :port of Lom on the Danube. Only 122 of t.l-les e returned from captivit,y. In J a nuary 1944, the Bulgarians , ~f ter repeated efforts, succe ede d in obtaining GerriJan permission t o extend their zone of occupa tion to the district of Florina. This m.nv occupa t ion was accompanie d by such excesses t hat the Gerilnns 1 ~'earin[-, a rising, ordered the BulE:,arians to evacUc'l.te it. The grcn. t iinjorit,y of the inhabitants of this district. vvho had fled from Bulgaria n domination and. taken refuge in o~h er parts of G;eece, ar·o; still today refugees in our cities a nd r efuse to return to their horJ.e s until their protection is goo.r ant ecd. You will understand, Gen+;lemen, t ha. t in these circumstances it is. impossible for us to exar:.ri.ne this probl em in the sai.,lc de t a ched spirit a s we l~rl.sht examine the problei,1 of frontiers in general and in the abstra ct. This is a political problew7 and r.1ore particularly a human problem~ in which the whole c1rama tic history of the Balkans is s 1.ll~111Led up ~ The entire popula tions of nothern Greece are suffering fro1~ a r eal insecurity complex. which cannot be r emedied by mere protestations of goodwill or by inadequa t o· solutions. We ha.ve to deal with a poll tical, psychological and m.ili t ary si tua tion1 similar to tha t betvv-e e n Gerrmny and her nei ghbours; and we do not believe that it ca n be tackled in a di..ffer ent spirit. To us, what increa s e s the dn.nger of these Bulgarian contentions: which are constantly air:led at Greece, is the f act tha t Bulgaria has always so readily allowed herself. to becOi.ne the tool of Gernan ex-ronsion towards south-·eastern· Europe~ For very significa nt rea sons1 Bulgaria has nl military a ction., Geogra:tJhical p-.coximi ty 1 the vi tal asset; for Germny; of inner 1 Bulgaria s political arid r:ri..li t~y pr essure on norther n Greece is 1 therefore$ 1xrt a nd pnrcel of the pol1 tical 8.nd nili t ary pressure of the GenJanic countrie s toYiards tho f3outh-Ea st, a nd consequently our anxie ties - as ,-rell a s o1.:.r r i sks - are increa sed a hundredfold._ And no-w t o all this are added further anxieties of a stra t egical nature in connection with the deliLli t a tion of our frontier with Bulgaria, in point of f act, as r.n y be seen a. t a glance , this is one of the mo.st insecure frontiers in Europe 1 on~.;; of the ~in .rea sons being th.::J. t it extends over an area 480 kilouetres in l ength but only 30-60 kilor.1etres in depth. In the second place 1 this sector of Greek terri tory foros a sort of · extension eas t :;rards without sufficient depth1 so that cor.1r..1wrl.cn. tions vvi th the rest of the country are :oainly by sea. To concentrate troops in that area would therefore take tiue 1 whereas Bulgaria , which occupies a central po siti. on in the Balkans _a nd has the a dvantage of' holding the higher slopes of the volleys leading to .Greek territory, can concentra te a t a given point of the frontier whn. tever troops are needed for prenedita ted aggression. According to our General Staff t the Bulgarian a.ri:V would have eight days' advantage over us in the LU tter of troop concentration along that frontier. In the third place, the geographical configuration affords no real possibili-cy- of defenoe along the greater rart of the e~pting frontier. .All the high L.10untain ridges are in the hands of the Bulgarians, a nd1 ...-mereas in Bulgaria these ridges form successive parallel linea along the frontier, inter sec ted by narrow valleys in Greece 1 practically all along the line, the frontier follows the lowest ridges before reaching the coa stal plains. Consequentlys after a n initial cJ.a sh on the frontier itself1 an invader would be able tJ reach the Aegean ports -;vi thout difficulty. Fourthly , a disturbine:; feature of the present frontier line is that its western extrei!li ty is forr.1ed by ioount Beles which., though precipitous on the Greek side 1 is easily accessible froo Bulgaria . No strong concentration of Greek troop~ is possible here. On the other hand, to the south of Mount Beles the plain of the Vardar1 ·widens out a plain which extends to S&lonika and offers m second line of defence~ It is, toorefore 1 easy for an invader to break throUf:;h the first line of defence on l!..ount Beles 1 ·which follows the watershed, and to r each the port of Salonika without 1:1eeting aey serious ;resistance, thus cutting off the Greek ~ foroes to the east of the city. This is exactly wha t happened during the operations in the spring of 1941 ; and that is the reason why when the British 1 Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops sent to assist Greece l a nded, the .Allied General Staff established their first line of defence west of Salonika, along ~e river Aliakl:Jon. . General Wavell1 in his report on opera tions, wrote: 11It ' C.P. (BUL/P) Doc. 7. In 1919 this weakness also becade evident to the ued:Jors of the Territorial CoLuJission of the Peace Conf6rence ·when the frontier line ·was beill[; considered. After recos nisirl£ n. t its ;:1ec tint;, on 20 l~'cbruc:. ry 1 1919 1 t.tw.tthe Greek ethm..c cla i r.1S t o 'i/es t ern Thra ce "were better f ounded tha n those of other countries", the Co:.11-1ission procc0clect to study the frontier line proposed by l1'tr . Ve nizelos, the s a;~1e one a s we a re pro:posing for Thrace to-day, The 001.u:d.ssion accepted the line propos e d by ivi. Ve nizelos; Ite..ly alone 1:1flkil1,£!; reserve.tions. .h. t this Ses:;ion, the distinguished repr;e sentative of Gren. t Britain,. 8~r Eyre Crowe ; a nswering the objections of the It:tlia n Delegate 1 spoke ' tnese prophetic words: "We are givint; Greece a ro.rrov-r strip of C('ast vlith a hostile hinterland. To 1:e.ke this strip too narrow, without providing toad strategical frontiers, would be to .build on sand. Greece ;;ms t be &). ven the necessary means of defence,. 11 Ji. t the 111eeting on 4- ivJD. rch; 1919, when the o.iscussion was continued, the Ul:li ~ed States Delegate, !Jr. Day, proposud a nevv line ~king a s its boundary the wa tershed to the north of the Arda; a nd in this respe0t goine_ beyond Greek cl a i1~1s. 'fhis ·No.o why the Co;~u. ; ~'\.ssi::n "'viDS able; a t a l a ter ".16eting, Ufr'lniuously to You can judge fran these texts the wo rth of the Bulgarian Dele go. te 1 s contention on this point, when, on the basis of unofficial reports wbich anyway were ba dly interpretE.:d, he conch1ded tha t ~He stern 'l'hrace was a ttributed to Greece against the views of cert::.:. in Groat Powers~ To-day, after a third Bulgaro-Gennn inva sion, after the revival of fiu.l[';aria n expansionist cle. ir.1s which we vri tnessed hc:r e the other day, is it really possible to ~·e gard erur cla ir.lS i.:l. S unfounded unle ss one deliberately wishes to ignore the vi tal interests of' n.n Allied .l·btion 'f In tryin[' to refute the conclusions to be drawn fro1;1 this bitter experience, the Reprenento. tivc nf Bultaria contrives to ca st the bla1:1e for these successive a ttacks on eerta in lea ders of the Bulgarian nation~ He spoke ~.:: f the "crilai.ro.l I F •.Ja.dness of the se cursed l02.ders." Novv this expression is no':; a novelty. It was used f <:~ r the first time by Prh1e l':linis t er }1[. Guechoff, i ur:1edi a tely after the war of 1913, when he l a id the r e sponsibili. ty for tha t -vval1 on his compatriots in a f nL LOUS book which t alked of a 11 Cri1;1.iro.l Folly" d Without dwelling unnee.. essar~ly on the theory which uakes the lea ders cf a cG;untry solely responsible a nd is so skilfully <'-J??l :i.ed to certain enemy countries but disregarded in the ca se of others: I 'Nill t;~;1ply note that, r:·.ccording to the a ;Jtual words of the Bulgarian r epre sentatives, tooir cour.try has on tYvo ili.fferent occasions been sr.d. tten by this dis ~ strvus ai'in:1ent, and that untold evil has :resulted to Bulgaria's neis hbours. You will agree tha t, in these circmus tances, her neighbours h::.-..re r::ood c ::~. us o for i,dsg~_ving and for viishing to take precautions. ~------~-- -- - - CP. (BUL/P) Doc. 7c 8. But the r epresentative f"'f Bult.,o.::;-j_a i s no t content with t his. In a cm.1pl etely off-ha nd vvay re:.d.niscent certain fm_-.Ju.s c)1ar a cters i n l'.·.ol i eTel s lJl ays, he explains how easily Gr eece expe,ndec_ c fter the Balkan iiar s , He does not s t op to a sk himself bow thesE. >Hrs~ wu:.';h. -;.; '!il;;_:,ed s uch hrtppy results began; nor doe s he i;tentbn the t echni::al :im:: ·C;)fi:::a·clonJ aoElitt ed by a Pea ce Conference , ori which the se ex1Jansions Y'e:.C f.:: ~;a se d , He cr edi ts us · wi t h hav ing t wice involuntar ily involved Europfia r. cli..pl Ol But the truth, is souev/:2a t d.:i.ff'3r ent, Ge ntlei.ie n1 t~e Gr _eek nation, Yvhich in the past vvas spr e:;ad over tbd whol e Bu.:'l Today, a f t er yi el d:!.:-'2, t,rou."ld gTadtu:ll~y unO.er the pressure of other nations living i.n t he Pe :rJ ..r.s ula / pra '~ t i .c;:1. l l y the whole of the Greek nation is concentrat ed in the pre sent: boundaries of the Kingdoc>' living under l Th,e numbe.c of ~.nhabj_ ta:.1t s per unit of arable l a nd is the highest in Europe n.nd t .bJ R over-popul a tion i s the som·ce of a.11 our e conoiidc a nd political difficulties< !t is certainly r:ot "by i nco:rpo.:a ti.ng v-d thi n our f r oni t ers a f evr mounta in r a nges that Yve -ca n hope t o sol ve a probl em of such impor·tanceq But this should suffice to expl ai::1 our .:::;r ea t an"Xi ety to retain our m tional f6. trir.1ony 1 an:d protected fro.-r:-1 a ny further au;cession, to car :ry on the pr oductive work on vvbich the well ~ b E.) ing an cl tbe very fu-Gt1re o±' our cmmtry depend. Those are the r easo ns , Ger::~l:;,;Je n, v hy the Greek Del egation a t t a che s so much i mporta nce t o her req_uest fo:::- .secu::-i t y on her nort h- east ern Frontier b ei ng a ccepted, and I ar.1 p..:rsuaded t i:'.at tnis CO!iimi ssion will r ec eive it f avourably. At t his point of t~1e dis ::- us sion , I vvr.; uld not like to give you 1<\Y own views a s to the most appr opri a te settleraent of · t his question . Perhap s the Coi,u.rl.s sion itself will er.1ba :>:'k on a de tai ~ ec1 dis cms sl on of t he vari-: us points. It nrl.ght consider i t nece s sa r y t o co:lS...-~lt first the 1viilitary Co;:mssion, or- which might be easier - to hem· t he v.i ews of a CoiJr,rl. t tee of Experts . I would personally at,ree t o e i t her of t hese s ol u t ions< 11-Jy inte ntion .! therefore .• a t thi s poj.n t in the debat e ,, is 1<1er ely t o pl a ce before you the consi de::.-a. tions which you have juo t :1eard; a nd t 'J reserve the r i ght a t a l a te:r stage in ocr ais::mss-L v:1s to prvpos e the solution which would prove to be the mos ~ sati~ -:' 3. ctnry f or s E.t~1 1·:1.t; "";.r~. c :.nportant probleu. Pa.lais du Luxembourg Paris. September 4, 194c; . C. :t> . (:JTJL/P) J.) :J l~ • .Sleptembre 7, 1946 __ ...__, - · --·..----- ~..,... ~ .. ,. .... - .-- - ·-....;r,. Political and Territo rial Co ~~nni ssion for BULGARIA. I, J... ~:DN"Dt.~:GNT PROP03:JJ.) BY ·rH:J IlELBG.h.TION OF UNITED KINGJX)lVI PBA C~ T3ZATY WITH BULGARIA. HU.L.Ji.N RIGHTS. - -..~ ··-- -- ·- ·- ···- ·· .. "Bulgaria furth er nndertakes that: the laws in force in Bulgaria shall not~ either in their content or in their appliDation, discri1ninate or entail any discri;nination between persons of Bulgarian nationality ~n the ground •f t heir race, sex, language or religion, whether in reference to their persons, property, bus iness, professional or . ' financial interects, status, political or civic rights, or any other ,natters ..- 11 Luxembourg Palace Septei11ber 7, 1946 . C. P . ( ~U L/ P ) Doco 9 - Scp t cmbcr 7, 19L1.6 . ?l.RI S CONFE::SNCE :?OLITIG_,.L .,1TD TE i?.~HT .OHL.L COlVi.: I SSIOH FOH BULlL;.:;: ~ II::. . Peace Tre a ty with B ul cn ri ~ . rirticle 1 The frontiul 2 of Bulgc.. rin , ns shovm on the me..:;_) ~:;. nnex cd to the p resent 'l'rc C'.ty ( Ann.ox 1) ~ sho.ll ~c thoso vrhictl existo c."'.. ' on J nnun ry 1, 1941 P ·.,;i i th the exce:;_Jt:Lon of t l1c f rontier bctw00n Bulgnrio. nnd Gr0cce, ·11hich sho.ll :t'ol:i.o\J the line: · n ) Pirim Pl fl.nin8., b) Mt. Rhodo~e ( DoS )~ t Dc..g h) c) K 1~ rlc l{ D:-lH::o.n d ) Ch ~. i n of :Jus h. T CJ.)f; \u i t \1 the; .~.\.r da Vnllcy. Palais du Luxembourg P o.ris. Sept~mbor 7, 1946. ... ,_. \ ; ' ' ' ·-' DE P a lais du - Luxembourg :::::: ; ~ : :::: : :::::::::::::::::::::::: : : ~ :::;:: _.::: ::::::::::::: :::::::::::;: ::::::::::; ::::.::: :::::::: :::::::::::: ::::::;:: . ; ::::::::::.::::::::: ·:::; :;: ; : . ::: :. . :::::.::: ~ :; :: :;::::::; ::: :::: -:: ;;;;: ::; ::::: :::::;::::: ::::: :: :; .'.':::::::: : :::: :; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::~::: ::: .'! C,p. ( BU L/PJ Do c . 10 Soptonbor 18, 1 9 L~6 Sir, By order of tho Head of tho Bulgarian Dele gation at tho Paris Conference , I hr..vo tho honour to tra nsmit to you 1 horovfi ·i~ h ~ tho obsorvati ons of tho Bul garian 'Dolo.;ation on tho text of a draft article supp l ementing P.rticl o 2 of tho Drnft Poctco Tr o nty, sub1~1 it tod yesterday by tho United Kingdon De l egation to tho Territorial o. nd Po l itic o. l Comnission for Bu l g o. ri a ~ I should bo grateful if you 1il0uld cor,munic ct t o tho so obsorvo.t- ions to tho Chc..irBo.n and r,10r,rb c rs of this Comnission. I h c..vo , otc •• . ( s i .;no d ) .:'.SSEN GHE OR GHIEFF Socroto.ry Qonoro.l to t ho, Bulsar inn Do logGtion ' I ·_nnox attached: 1 His Excellency M. Fouquo s - Duparc , ! :ini stor Plenipotentiar y , Secr etar y Gonor a l of tho Paris conforonco . ------=-----'--=------' l ;0.P.( BUL/P) Doc .1 0 2. rrhe Bulgari an Delegation has ex SJ.~l ined vv ith greo:li car e t;he United Ki ngdon1 ame:nctnen ·~ proposing to add to article 2 of t he draft Peace Tr~aty the following paragr aph: 11 :3ul ga.ria :further undertakes tha t the l aws in force in Bulgaria shall no~~ either in t heir c ont ent or• in t heir application, discrii11ina t e or entail al{y discriiilina tion between p8rsons of Bulgar i an nationality on t he ground o:f the i r race, s ex, l anguage or r-eligion, v-v-h ether in r eference to t heir persons ? pr oparty, business, pro f e ssional or f inancial inter e sts"· status . p olitical or civic :ei g hts~ or s.ny ot her 111att e ~s. 11 ' The Bulgarian Del egation considers t hat there is no justif ica t ion f or the insertion of such a paragraph in t he draft Peace Treaty. In t he o!Jservations wl1ich it had t he honour to submit on 27 August to t he Pa.ris Conf'erence , t he Bulgar·ian Delegation deelar ec:t tha t Bulgari a is applying , and will con tinue to appl y, the principl es set fo:r· t h in Part II of the draft Pea ce Treaty? all the more s o as these principles constitute the very basis of its present regime. HE r e iter a t e this state ment, and wish to ~ nphasise t hat Bulgar i a a ccepts article 2 of t he draft Peaee 'I.1 rea·~ y, for it is inspired by t he principl e s of - ~ h is Article which i s mo:c>eover, quite adequate to provide the guarantees w::-: i ch the authors of t he draft had in vievv, Bulgaria does not fear to subscribe to ol)lieations it has assumed on its own initLJ.t ive , the more so a s t he Bulgari an population, known for its ·tolerance and goodviill t ov-ra r·ds all the inhabi t a:i.1ts of the country vv i · ~h o ut d isti n ct ion~ is inspired by siiailar principles of conduct. The Constituti on of Tirnovo? soon to be replaced by a new r epublican coilstitution, contains several pro visions guarant eeing equal p olitical and civil rights to all Bulgarian national s, without distincti on of race, l anguage or r eligion. Article 57 of the ·r i rnovo c onstitution for instance, stipulate s that "All Bul garian nationals are equal in the eyes of t he l aw . No class distinctions are allowed in Bul garia." Article 61 read s a s follows: "No one in the Ki ngdom of 'Bul garia can buy or sell human b e ings. Any slave of what ever sex, religion or nati onality becomes ~r ee a s soon as he s ets foot on Bulgari an ·L; erri tol'Y ." • II ' ' 3. Tho principle s undor l yin~. ; thG n0w co:lSt].tution ar.; n. l :rCJ~_:d'J ,:; r:; ttl cd . Lrticlo 1:2 of tho Le.. · i-' co:..-lce:r.r;.in:~, th\) r ofor :; ndtn': 1.nd o l c c t ior:. c)f the '::-r ;_·x~.a l\Ta t; i onP =~ .'.. s ;:1G~'. J}l l ~.' :-~ t i Dulat0 ::~ thnt, nc c c•r-:=il.n r_· ·i;o tJ-~ .: nv:v l-.>1~lgar L-·.n C orwt :i t t.l.Lior.~ , ·.·.L'-·- j.•.--\. 1 .-;- nnd fo:.1r l o citiz ,_:;no · -~ (JL.' ~,,, r - ~·-.:1 " l• -.w~-!- l1oU-'-· r: -'Jc-.t·'nr·J· l' ) n y· '"''' ' 0 '1 !! 1'l. ']" ll'.L.J - 1·' . ' . . J. L~ L. .. ..L ,:_)c-~ -l. . . C.\. 'i'l...l.. U ..:.. . L· ~- .u J. J J ~ l . . '· .t ;. c-~. l· i' l ,(. ..~ () .1.!,.. u , r~_; ..L [)J. Q_(1 , l ':'.ncun::::,o , ~_,_ncl socin.l ;;: t o.. tu ~1 ·3hoJ.. l h e,v c tl;-lr; soJno ric;hts und tho 11 1 W" nJ.;y•.•. '-"' c1'..1 ,_, li...__ ···•<.. • t •" L or•·-·-"-' • • '1·-,-,.1(·- .1. lo..J., C"~·J"· ,l.,_,-t. ~ ·,.,., , ..._ ·i.J·l' rV · l ot 12.~ ;r_.).'U'ir!ll1·' ~ ~ . 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V 0 C r . ..., .. r o pr opc, rty · · .:·· -,- ~ : :Lt ~.- tr• '·n.sfo:.:' hy :i.nh:; r·i t !•.:'lee:, will be J:"C' co~Jn :J<) d , r:/ t c . 1'1·,_;_; adoptinn ol' r·.ll tlv::s:: pr:i.nc:l.plos .- ~ . s t:~l. c !J r.\ ;~:i..J of tho now :ruJ_ ) • · ,· __;. · n· ri8.n~ • . r• ·''\J ..."n. - ..l..>.....} :i - r'- ' ,~Hl- - C.1'o .1.·v-· ·' J tl.tutl'~ on• 'J'·.1 • .... ·r'.,., "\i f'" ~)·~ ·i--h·.J ... J_'_ t ·.', ' 111:·--> ....."··.. J·... ·-·L c.. ,,~1.. J. J. l"'_ c t.v'~' ~ 1 "J I ov on. mon; c;:~:,) l5.citl ~;' t h -:•.n :i.n the ~) ; '.r(t , vd.ll :pr ov:ldc n ll ·tho ,:-;unrn:crtous of tho J:i~;h t8 :_y;_· ; _ l~'.JI. ,_,_ :o.ci. t~1o d t i:~ c ·cl , :·,_nc1 v::L ll onsuro I- 1 - ' " 't1 ' . . . . co1i•j) l ccn ·:tfL1n.. . :u;y rc:r n lJ. !-3u 1 :....n:r·: l._ . ~ ;-,_ Cl.- 'i;. .:u?. .c;nR , ';n· ..1o u·,:. Ci. l r: -c:L D. ot-':l_On . _ .) .•:" 1--l 'lc r, -, . , ~,. - .~- 1- l" ' ( · ( t "X r r Cl'1(•' -·l r.t.t. . ... f. . ., ,;i r•l'! ·i c • _.., r ·l , ~ lo -- 'l l"'\r', ''" T "\"") l )I. ·'· • · ._., 1 ...... d, _ ~ ... c- ' ~>lu ' l). '-' '·-' _. _L,_I ' ·' lrc< ul ··•" • _! .... c".. u .L <> I . : ·-'· v·~ \ 0 ._,_ I lX>rfcc:tl 'JT ;·_c;,_ t urrcl fer tho Du.J .. ,~~:c.i. . .: -.. p c ,p l c : x~cJ t1 •.. c )./•",- -t ~ cnt ro ,~ iJ:,}c i n 3uJ. .~ ;.tri:.•. • Inrr.lo di:<. tcJ.. ;:'{ .. ct.f'to r ;;c:Ytcnb..-:, r· 9, 1 9~ :J:. , trw I:n l ,:_yri ~ ·n G· 0Vc..rr:~l ~·l r_ ; yrt i1 G}) C r~l ct 1. :~ ; ~L17 ~- i.3Cl,il l i·:lt~. toJ? Jr Je u:·;.,i slr.t:Lol1 o ·f tl'19 .Lilr'!.DCi fJt r; .Jvc! :r '~ • l C;nt :::~ , .-.. :n.c. f:"t1l l:;·· v ,:,~ l.li.. i.. ;ly;d :~:Ju1_.: , pi n :r:>. J ,;\Yi;:l ·. JL· t i nna ls in '-1 .t·"'-'--r-. ,., 1... ·'Gt-1-- ;·· i', ;-,r-·1 -: ' tllv·, lr r· :t. 1...·.-·) 1... -1:;,_.~, ;• L-• - nd- - ·. ,"llor_., ... +u J·u·,; · ,. .. l;_, .... ''-"'~ -- , . ,. ·..,nl .L v·-- . .-1...... -.- \ ,~ __._ -· · "'""-L~- ·-.....') r01";J ('l. .J r-1--'LJ,1r 1 ""10 01'"' ·r' ''(1 -:- ·'.1-l' ·'·l.'") r \r Sll ,·lc'l 1)(')_ . ·...-:.. - - • .. ,.. cl _. _., n .. ,. '- .-, -·,1' ' 1 0 .o , , c ~· ..,l _!.. II •s c. .!.. .. l..:>ll u .c 'J ~ . "' · IJ • • -. c> , C'C. 1 -~ ; ,o.··:t [ l L.. .: v~.lv l·-'0•" l.J • • 1. J..; .l .: .. ] ..~ . iJlC • l~coc :.:..D.t1·.r tho Horl c~ . :f-:,wish (!c::1;ro r:s slct ln:.; i!."'. r-n.rJ.s voted[", r o ~lolu:'jion C•iin_)ht 1 2if; j_;: :.-' i;l:.;:,t , thar;.i.::s to [,]1(; dc . 1 ; wcr ---~tic ~; ~:n ::_--._;__-l-· ::,f ~l:rh ~..l :G1:t l ~-;;-:t:.':i. ~:--. n !,'k: op l r.: , tho ,Jcvt:J of :Jul L; ··r-i:-'. lJ.ad be on s 1.:.vc d :L 1'0::1 e:; :~ ·iJ( r·r;ll!-tr:t"t:L Oil C~tL J: a]e :tl .'-.': -;~ J!.:iG "f.,v: ·. :L' ; ~d.-.t.l~ }1(;\ J t .. :.'1j C~ft·;c1 :lbS :..) l:.J. 'G 'J l ·,/ t}. .:. · [; -~-i ~'J r·i~ -~ :1·L 3 ::..~1 ot.:~l; ) :·~ [ii~l .. _/;.;:• i . U1 c i. l:; : ~ z :_; Ilf.~ • ·? h r; J.;u l~. ~'r i<:>.n , ·-;- ovo :;_• ;_ : ~ ·•Jn·G n~.t:~ 1 :c s no di utinc.ti()n botvroo n Bul:.:;::'.J:'i· '·· -'I J '1' '11 ' -, - ].···· • -.rc , ...!--." , . 1' •., ,;-" ,...' .. ~ 1 ono ., .L.. -'-1''' )... l."' no. . :J .L.O .1~~-- '--' 0 · ... J..i.\) 0{1 .. ,./ u ,_ .,_.~) vl O~ l, fl. _, )1 Ov l.;. l.Q[l.... - n.IJ t... ~ ' · v' . >J thcd-; pc.rsc:ns vrull t:no•'iu 2:-; --n·.)·cor-:l.ous Pr:~~: cists arr; n.ot c, l:i__:_ii; l c . ~: hicJ in . nuch a rLrc tur:.·.l c.~nrl '~Nu ll ju~-l'l;ifi vl :i!l00.8UI'(i tllnt no ~.:lorions ' ,, r:lJjc"Jetion c r:m ~) O r.to.t}o to it . Moroovc:r th; doci~i o ~w tnkon by tho Bi r-: r_rhr-cc c,i; Ya1te. r r::cn1 ~.P.(BUL/P) Doc,10 As for t he second part of t he Bri ti i:lh ar,Kmd.me n:t 9 its app lication YJ ould produce consequence s lYe l1d ing to -comp l e te absurd ity for vrh ich ther e ca n b e no sort of j \). stifica tioh. F or if it rre re f ollovr ed 1 i t e rall ~r $ women would, :for e x ampl e ~ be able t o hold app ointment s in t he a r nw; and other s i milar cases would occur, con tx·a ry t o the ver y nature of t h i ngs~ But it i s well known tha t Bulgar i an l egi sl a tion est ablishe s ever increasing eq_uali t y of r i ghts !Je t we en men ancl ';-.; omen, to a det;ree unk novvn i n many Europea:;.1 countries. The same ooserva tion applie s in other f i elds of life . In view of all t hat pr ecedes 9 the Bulgari a n Delega tion caa not understand Nha t the ob j ec ~ of the United Kingdom pro poso.l can -/Je 9 all. the ·,nore a s it is no·t L1 t his case a question of obligo.tions a s s umed b:r a ll the United Nq t ions. 'rhe :B ulgarian Del ega·cion is convinc ed tha t the British prop osal, in the f orii1 in 'llhich it is subr,litted, could not serve ~ any .usef ul purl) Os e . Its adoption would r a the r tend to inflict gr ave injury on t he [·W ver e i g r... rights a nd d. i gni ty of Bulgaria, which aspi res t o l i ve a s a f r ee and independent country, and might g ive rise to f orei gn interf erence in its internal affa irs. The Bulgarian Delegation fee ls t ha · ~ the Bulgarian p eople has not deserved t o o e treated in t h i s way. It d e cla res that it accepts the politica l clause s conta ined in the Pa rt II of the Draft Peace ·rreaty ; clause s 'Nh ich BulgJ.r i a is carr y ing out in conformity with ·the sp i i' it which a nima t es t he p olicy of its Governme nt. 'rhese clauses in its op inion are qui te adequa te to atta in the purp ose a rrived a·c; and it conseque ntly r equests the Confer ence not to mal;:e an;sr additions to them. · · ' ' ' Pal a i s du Luxe!,liJourg , Pai' is. Septembe r 18 , 1946 ,, / ' CONflERJENCE P alais du Luxembourg :::::::::::;::: ::::::::::::::: ,':::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::...... ::: :; ;::::: .-~. ·.·:: ::::: ...... ' ...... -...... :=~ .·. ; ; :. :::::::;: :; :::: ::; :;::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::;::: :_;::::::: _::::::::::::: :::::::::::::: ::; :::::: ::::::. : :. ; : : C. P . ( BUL/ ? ) Doc.11 Paris ~ Sept emb ~ r 20 9 1946 Sir, As instru cted b y t he Head of t he .Bulgarian Del agation to tho Pari s Confer ence , I have the h onour ·to t ran smit heretii th ' t h o enclosed Annex t o the Bulgar ian Del cgation 1 s ob serva tions on the dra:L t suppl ement ary article to Art i cle 2 of the Peace Treat y , wh ich was p r oposed b y t he United Kingdom De l e g a tion in tho ·Polit ical and Ter r itorial :J omYJ lission f or Bulgaria . The Annex in questi on i s enti t l ed 11 l'.·Icmciranclwn concer n ing Bulga:r>j_etn Legisl ati on on quest i ons of r a c e~ sex~ l a ngu age$ a nd r el i g j_ on. 11 I s t~. oul d b e gr··at e :Lul if' :r ou vJOul d h: i ndl y arrange f or it to b e d i s t r ibut-ed to the ChaiFman a nQ. memb e r s of t he Commiss ion . I hav e to honour t o be , e tc. ASSE:N GHEOI{(JHIEFF Secret a r y- Ge ne r al of' the Bulgar lc:m De l egation· ----Annex H. E . M. Fouq_ues- Duparc, M. inister Plenin~ otentia r uv 9 Secre t ary-Ge n er al of t he Pa ris Confer·ence , , , ·, c. P . Ccm :i./P) Doc.11 2. ,. \ .ft:11'"l·oD r, ··· .11 ).LJ···. c O' LI8GISLA:.J:liON.;:;:.:;:=.:..:::..:~:.:.....~:.__::~~~:::..;:;,~-· OE QUES'l'IOlm·~--·-·----.i.-~- OF' HACE SEA.-:.:.1.--- LAl'TGU.i1.GE AJTD RELIGION I The princi:!le of eg_u~~li t;y for all Bulgar·ian nationals is t he basic idea wl: ich ins~i~es and has always inspired Bulgarian l egislo. Gion? .GX CE:p t It is IJei'haps ~1 orth d.r3.·., -.ring attention to the above facts so as to throvv liz; ht 1J.p on these general f indings. Prior to the advent of the ~ro- Fascist r~ g ime in Bulgaria, Lulgarian le:::; lslatioj·l wa.s d ,:: void of' raci:J. l char a cter~ and con t a ineC:. no r.1casure j_nc :~' il'ed b y anti- scmitii3r;l . '.i.'hc anti-Jew ish leg inlation int:C' oduciJd under· Gel''!1Un ~H· e.:;;s ure , on being ap.Q li e d~ met -,:;ith o p·:_· osition on the ,_;ar t of :cwa:r.' l ·r all the Bulgarian people. -- '" " • n ·,u:nco.ia·i:, (., l.)T ::f'tor tl!.G over·thr'OW of t:J.c Fascist r egime~ . spoi.1tane ously o.nrl without ·oc ing p:roi,lpted fr om a·broad, the new BulgariG.ll Govel"D.Llcnt r erh:;al ed a lJ. anti-Jevlish l awn . On Sep·~eHber 17 ~ the GovePrunent sol··mnly decla1·ed. that it c:;.'o ol i shed r e tr·oac t i vel ~:r a.l J. cL L:; ex• imina tory tlfC armre s '.!hi ch h : . ~ d (1ivided :B ulgarian na ~ion<.1 18 under the Pascist :regime. ·r hose laws •,;.rer·e il'l face r•escind.eC:. ;::.. m1 Jewish P I' Oj) c r · ~y restored to the rightful 0 Yil10l"E: i!'I.tElOdia t e l y c~·.:Lte r f)c;;pt E:;nbe.:;I' 9 J CVCn l)efore thin statemei1.t and t he :; ~ roi ·1ulgati on of' the 1.::.\'/ of October· 16, 1941-t 9 wh ich se·t:.tled the qu.nstion froid a legal point of view by rescin6.ing all . l'acin.l l aw~ ; pa:::.;sed unde:r:> t he Ger·man rule. ~ul this occurred p:ei or to the sign&tw:e of the Lei,listice of 28 .1 0.4l.J- 9 and. before Bulgari8. had t 2.!-.:cn any eoncrc t e j_ntGrrmtional engage r. wl1'~S on t r~ e subjec·c. The .Jul:sarian Go ver.•nuent restored. ,'3.1 1 tb.c rig hts of' the .Te•Nish minor ity by o. s ei'ies of l ::wm and adop ted a .f.JOlicy of com plste p olitica l eg_ua.lj_·t:;;;r towards it, correspond ing to the since.re wishes of tho J~ ul gar ian people . ·rhe l a'.;s :Ln CJ.UeL -Gion are as follow s ~ A. - A log iLlati ve clecree r epealing al.l d iscr.i rn inatory measure s in respect of I'>ul 1.; ari s.n nationals of fol'c i c n origin. (Official J-our•nal ~ No . 263 ol' 7. 11. Lt-4). B. - A legi:..;lo.ti ve decree concerning the property of -~~ ulg .:;;_ ri a n nationals of Jew i s~l o~C'i g in (Official Journal n o. 50 of lVIar c!1 1945) C.P.(BUL/P) :Uoc . 11 -¥ C. - A legislative decree on che p rotection by pu~)1ic author·i ty GOfficial Journal No. 62 of l'.'iarch 1 7. 1 945 ). . Accoi'ding to Article 5 of this Law 9 any activi·C.y comprising racial or Peligiouu perse c; :xi:,ion is deeraecl to be crimillB.l and IYunished accor·dingly. -D. - Tho law completing the· logislati ve decree on the p-roperty of :Julgari,an na t:Lonals of Jmvish or'igin, While restoring the rights and interests of' D•.1l garian no.tionalo of J ewi-sh Qrigin in a cco·rdanco ~~11.-~h thes0 laws~ the Bulgaric.n Governm:mt proceeded to punish all those r e sponsible for the :promulgation and. application of a nti--Se1.litic legislation. Bulgaria iG the only coun ~ry vvhe:f•e a· spo cL..:.l trf ..Junal v1as set up tor trying persons a c cu" ed of mit i-Jew ist. ac·i:;i -~-- : . t ios. , In Bu~g 8.ri-a ~ J ewc; enjoy cor11p l t; ~ -e - .: • .:: - ~;;e Li -,:1.'1 as r·egards the practice of thei:i." rel,igion 9 and are pro·cecte6. by Bulga:c"ian . legfslation. It is a well-known f e et th ~t J ews in Bulgaria can establish relig ious corllii1:t_mities 9 a nd Jewish shcools are , Gubsidized by tho State 9 j_n accordance wj_ th t he Budget lmv of 1946. f Numerous docume:: n "Ss of un;i mpe ct cha"l) l e impartiality ·cestify to the fact that n o a nti-J·ewish - ~re~1dS of op in"fon exist ih Bulga:eia. · · · A chara cteristic p ointer to the sentimerts of the Bul garian people concerning r u cia l conc eption~; is f'ouncL in the meii.10randum of the Jewish Hor l d Congress recently held i n Geneva: "Until the ndven·ii of the Jnodern Fascis+, and. Na~ i regimes, anti- Se;·,1it ism hau no influence upoa the J.ife of t:v:: 3ulgarian peop le or the policJ o:f the Govei·nnent. Jews ir~ D 1::.garia enjoyed the same l egal rights as other Bulgar·ian nationals. It is worthy of note t l1a·c e ven the -systematic propag<:mda o:f the reactionary governments~ and of a press UJ-:Jci.er Nazi :'..nfluence , could not overcoo1e the opposition of the Bulgarian people to any mY0i-Jewish p olicy 9 Nhich they held to ·b e a foreign concept foisted upon tht:r.l in thu interests of foreign imperialism . 11 Sii.:ailar sta tements are found in. a communique issued on the oc casion of JGhe meeting ~Jet ·, ,..een the B·1lgariar- Delega tes to the Peace Conference and. ·\jhe Delegati o:1 of the World Jewish Congress. 'l'he Congress Ds lega tion expressed its graJ,uitude to the Bulgal"ian Government · fQr having Pe s·cored all the rights of t.i1e Jews and rest.ored their property fpom 9·ch Septmn1;8I"9 l9L :. L~ .• Memoranda intended for , the Peace Ocm:f e:::•ence .9 and adopted by the World Jewish Congress held in Pm' i s in Augus"c '1946, con tained the following statements concePDing the spirit which inspired Bulgarian legislation on th8 Jevvi sh probl.em. C. P .(BUL/ ? ) Doc.11 u1 · - un·cil t he adv cn·~ of Eazism. and Pas ci s ;-.1 ~ o. nti-Spm:i,:ci sm held no' place in the life ·of t he Bulgarian ~eop l e . I n t he eyes of tl1e l aw o J'cws 'F; 2. :O ulgarian Jews suff'e:t•ed the greatest hards h i ps a s a r osul t of i."t1C; a s ureL · pr· oinulg a. t E:d b / pro-Nazi gov e rili."Jle nts · ~ a nd the "Ja jo:c-ity we r e tur ned out of their ho;·,les and reduced to desti tu tiort. Uowe v er, . since Bul garian Je0s Ne r e never deported to other countries , ne arly all t he Jewis~ p opulation has survived. ·.I'he;;r eG caped dep or· ta cion t~1an.\: s to the dmaocra. tic sp irit of t he ' B ~ gar i an :Qc opl.e . 3. The a~n i sti c e signed b ; Bulgaria in Moscow on OctoiJ er 28 9 1 94 L~ obliged 'the Bulgarian Gov er·nr11 ent to f r ee all persons held on g:eounds of r a.ce or r e li g ion ~ &nd t o repeal all discriminatory l egislation. It must be no·ced t ::u t t hese conal·Gions \iGrc fulfill ed. by t lw Bul£;arian Goven1rne nt . Laws have b een passed 9 a. nd adm inis t rative decrces c-~. do · ; t t:d , vvi t h a vimr,r co r e s toring to t he . Jews their t ermer sta. ·cuB, :e i g hts, and fl1ncti ons . ~ .'l or e over, special l egislt:t ·cion has been pazsed~ 'N:1 ich mal:es it illegal to st.ir up racia l hatred between t he 'Dulga.rian peopl e and minorities residing in t he country. il! 4. We noce ·uith s a·cisfa c ·cion that the Bulgarian Govern n18 nt pl a ces no ol)stacl e in t ll.c vva ~r of Jewish ei,ligra·cion~ and we l1ope that ·c::1i s practice vv ill con·cinuc . t! The Con0~ r ess voiced c ert. a in concret e wishes as a result. of these finciings . The j3ul g&ri an :i:'I· ii'ac Mi nister at t his meeting declared t ha t al l t he s e d~s id erata had already b e en ·g iven pr·actical effect to u:1c),er the ::1rovisions of the inte. rnal l egi s l a tion now i n f orce in Hulgm·ia. . La s ·cly the following extra c ~s from an article entitled 11 An e s sential clause to t he Peace ?reaties 11 b y iAauJ.."'i ce L_. Perl zweig 9 Chie·f of the Poli ·ci cal Departmen·c o:C the )Jorld Zionist b ongress ~ in the mont l1l y review 11 Renouveau11 (July- Aug ust~ '1946) may be quoted. 11 I aril gl ad t o say t hat t:1ere are hto countries a:aong t he fOl"'!:ler satelli·ce States ~ J h ich have already t a. ~cen vig or.ous a ction to put t heir rwuse in order~ namely Italy a nd Bulguri a . It g ives me great s a tiofact ion to acJ;; nowl edge the r esisto. nce to anti- ser.t i t::tsm shmm b y t he g overnments and peopl es of these t wo countries, ~;r;1 ich c. onstit~tes ap encouraging chap ter in the tragic s ·cory of Luropean Jev1ry o.uring the l ast ten years. , C.P. (:S1 i1/P) Doc.11 A.n for ::-:,J.l ge.r·i.a, tt;; l:os1 Til on o:C t ~ ··.a t coun try LJ u :cLi.q_uo in t lL:ii i · i.;:..~ .Jerrioh f CI;'llation i~> no-..v ;·,10ro nu,.erouL )Gilan ·ncf'c,re t te 111.:.1r. ~ : :voi.J. (\ur•inf; th; ;nost trag ic ~~e;·c·lod s 9 public opinion iJ~ :S:.Li. gc-J.rL1. y:l· {~ v ~ :ntecl ~he local F u.s ctsts fro::1 br.mish ing or• e.x·csr!Jinc.·cing ·l;~10 ,Jeviish pop ul0.tion. I li is t:r·ue t hat the Jews ·,wre Ui_Jl"' ooted .:md ouffer-ed QT'eat harG.s}liilG amL hur!l ili e. tions~ . · but they ·;vcn·a never deported. At :f_) r (;Gent the Je1.>fish coi!lilluni ty is il1J.:.e. ct o:nd enjoy r:; c onplcte ec:iu;_l:Lt; of .P i &)1ts. :B' ur·cher ~ a J..J8. 'il h:LD 1x:.:m. pasi:::e·i v: ; L~ch tr8:tts im:d;igg, t:on ·Go r >:t cial .i:'euds as ~ crime. I ha~e beG~ ~sauretl by h i gh officials ·Ghat ever y fac:ili·i.;y '.:ou.ld ·b e gtYen to -}t.'.)~'.TH ':rho :rished 't; ,) 8et.Glo in l)nles·iJine , ·1 , 500 o:r· tiw i~i J:1avc c..:l:i."' GO.c.i.J applieJ. f or gc:..YLLG t ioE to av:.il t :_o.,'>·~ GeJ. vcu or t l1 is op:>or·iiunt ty. After· e.:wi:lininz t he J:) OGi t:Lon in t hese t :;o countr-icc$ my colle:.1guco ,:)_nd J como to ·i.; ~J:: co:;.'lclusion t :w.-li no :~e neral carl elusion i.e ,:J..l>:pli cabJ.e to each c asf;. ·;·!6 :1 ~'-J. V·c ~: ~<.f;::;ed tbe stJ.ce oi' r;ener al ford'lli:u :;. ·:;.tho ._: ::Jni tion d if1'cr·s in f,;a c: £·1 of the · count:e ios r of :.r:'Gd ·iio ~ r--,nJ. .! ~ ai''-'l d.:L af'tiug co~1crc lis .:,.nd de t ::-,ilt.. d. p ::..• o :) on ~~l f; ·co t:J.o .::J i .:::· }:-' our· and. -G ~ w I) once 0 OJ u.'cr•cncc. 11 IIi the r..bove con:·J-::: c:Gion.? one of the 1;w8t rw ·ce" orthy o.spr::: cts of ~ul g~ri an l egislation consicts in its p~ozressive ch~r a cter an(l ~1.on-diserir·lina:ti vc · c. er.. <.>v.L' ' ' """~' vrl' _,..,~~~;,' -..;;,n r· --· J'1· ~·v l·l'• .l l_,~ o·' .•'"' "ll.ll1l _ " -cl-· .< P YI rn·..,'-,.d.u.. +ov ·;1• ro Lh'<''·..' l '·~l etc • ) J.uu.L' • . ,n·;_.. ;J'. J.-" i '"''•" 1l lit':! cnntqins fur ·excc,;)tions to ·i:;he .l/'-'.Lno:lp l L: of. c;on•plotc e r_:.IV.lli ty of ri,:[h :i:J bei.;:;t:; " n t ~~G ;,:;exes. F0r inst:J.il.c.c:;, j_n co,-;Vil"3!'Ci<:ll "i.J f~ -.r li h:~re i s only one E";.xccption: a .,.t:.~.~~·r·ir;c1 •. fOh' c ~n is :not enti ·Ucd. lio ~Jeeo:i: o ;;, sharehold.e:e in a liN.. i'Gcd lL:~.bi li·~~' co~.np ::tn-;r ,;ithou-t he::' LtuJn--:.nd 1 s const,;lrt. G11!li11..:rl.:~- , t ~·wru J..•j t:orr,_c d i LC)r0nce J.n t r·w r L:..:r• ts gr-1nted to ;, .lh·~ r·J.· ·) ·,· · o ·') ' ·r·t ~ ~ " ~tl+ '· '-ll. <• ' 'CI';r.. ll ·P·· '- '0 ·\'. .\V. ,..,.- t.&.f-.J..:.., .,.,.... ·:·ov ..L.J. lo..; ·'·lJ r·(·•"" '"-'· l 1• ... C.. r;; , )..., v IJ. J:> d .··J.. u .1..l -.lo>(..l.--c· ; on.A. .. .J C,'!,on.<> to ., 1 t . . . t ,.. 'I • 1 ' . "' • 1.' r: ly ::.'<::: a C:Oi':!D o c e :.:r:ccj)tlon J.n a B:,r:-3 · t)i-l 0 1. .... egls <.t .GlOTl eid~ J:·..:;. 1• as3cl OJ.1 c; .:_:_u;_--:.J.it;! of' :c·ightc. 'f1~· ~:-:; f'e>.'T cases of' r c:::; t:; :cic·i.:.;ioD of :;:ights to oe found o.re iru:ii' [:~ rufie all ·c in cor;1112.rison -, .'it!1 those; exist.i.ng in ti1e legisla- tior~ of ~-.:1 .-HlJ o 0lter cmmtries - e v en of' t llG r-=;rcu.t 1iro stcz·n · countr·ics. The ca.me f a cts r~mst oe ac\:no.vledgcd in th (~ c o.se of the politic:.ll 1'1gh'G s oi' HOlilC::Yl L 1 Bulsaria: Women 'Jiie r o granted the vote in Bulcar·iF.!. ea,:>J.ier ·t:1.3. jl i n couniir·ics '•'li th e sta"oliohed del:lOCI' O. ti C t 1· c.~di tim:G • (· C.P.(BUL/?) Doc.11 6~ Equally bet:v-v-een men and women as regards civil and political rights is not only a _principle enfuodied in law; it. is the guiding principle in all new Bulgarian legislation. The law qn equality · of rights between the sexes mal(es equality between men and women a fundai.nental axiou: of Bulgarian life. Fev1 countries can boast of a law giving such importance c.. nd scope to the principle of equality between the sexes. In these circumstances, it is obvious that a clau?e obliging the Bulgarian legislation to refrain from discriminatory measures implying sexual inequality 9 would be devoid of any real justifica tion, 3. BULGARIAN LEGISLATION- ON QUESTIONS OF --LANGUAGE. . According to the United Kingdom amendment, differences of language ought not be a pretext for discriminatory measures · ' with ~egurd to the civil status, right of inheritance, professional, financial, civil and political rights of the persons concerned. This assertion is so self-evident and has been embodied so completely in Bulgarian legislation and legai practice, that it is Lnpossible to find a single example of such discrimination, even in l\fazi-type laws passed by the Fascist governments. For many years, moreover, Bulgaria has guarantesd the full libe·rty and unrestricted development to non-Bulgarian schools, and the religious and cultural lift of her minorities. 4. ' BULG.AR iil.l~ LEGISLATIO :f\} AND R~ LIQ:IO~ Difterences of creed have never given rise to discriminatory measures in Bulgarial~ legislation, nor in the . application of the various legislative and ndminist rative provisions. - An exception should, hO\·rever 1 be noted with regard to the Fascist period, when, in all ethnic legislation, Jewish origin was determined not 0:.1. the basis of r a ce .alone , but also, and primarily, on that of creed. In this r e spec ·c , the anti-Jewish laws of the period seem to be discriminatory not only as regards ra~e, but also so far as creed is concerned. . With the sole exception, creed has never b een a source of discrimination in Bulgarian civic rights. 'rhe diversity of J.narriage cere r~1onies in the various creeds,. religious marriage alone being r e cogni.zad in Bulgaria, in no wise implied any kind of discrimination. On the contrary, it was a pro.Of of the tolerance granted in Bulgarian law to any marriage celebrated according to the r~tes of a given church. All Bulgarian nationals were thus assured, in principle 9 of equal :I. ty o:f treatment as regards both matrimonial regime _and family right~. Moreo~er, ,- / C. P .. (BUL/P) Doc. 11 7. the Bulgarian Gove r n ·!wnt , · Lmned i a t e l y a fter . the change of Sep t e I I Al l ·these f a cts show t ho. t the Br· i tis h Del ego.tion ' s prop osal scrves · no pu~p os e a s far a s d i s cr Ln i na tory tre a t me nt "b a sed on r a c e ~ sex , l a nguage and creed is concerned. 'l1he :f irst sel1tcmc e of t he propos<:t l , ho'Jever ~- is •.wrdecJ. ~ ~r Bul gu. ri a f urthei' undertakes t hat t l1t=; l aw s i n f or ce L1 Bulgaria sha l l not, e i -t her i n .t he ir con t ent or i n t heir appl ication, dis cri mina t e ·!Je t 1.vecn persons of !:Julgari o.n n a tionality. 11 This part of t he t ext of t he Brit ish p ro9osal d oes n ot corresp ond to t he t 2x t of the amt; ndment adop t ed a s Article 3A of the Draft; Peac e ·.Crca t y ;v i t h Roumania b y the Pol itica l a nd Terr itoria l Cornm i ssion f or .2 0lli11ania, a t its meeti ng of Sep t ember· 1 0, 1 946 9 na ;a~ l y; '! Hom:1ania f ur ther und er t a~:e s ths.-'c t he l mvs in f or ce i n Rouman i a shall no-G 9 e ither in the i r conten t or ,in the ir applica tion ~ d iscrimina t e or enta il any d i s criii1 ina tion between p ers ons of Roun!ani an nationality or;. t. he ground of the fr J."a c ~ , s e x~ l anguage? or relig ion 9 ~;ih e th e r in r ef er ence to the i r pe rs o ns~ p roperty , business , profe s s ioDal or financia l interests, st a tus~ poli'C,i ca l ·or ciyic r i ght s , or c:c ny o·t her ~,Ia · iJ t e rs . 11 · The t ext of t he Dra:Lt Pea ce ·Treat y vY i th Rouman i a ther efore r ef ers solel y to discria1·ina t or y ;:-!wasures ~)as eel on I'a ce , s ex , l anguage or :eel i g ion, ·\rhG r e as t he ori ti sh p ro ~)osa l ·;v- i th r egard to .Arti cl e 2 of the Draft Pea ce 'I'reaty vv ith :3ulgario. is of a 'far ~ or e general character . The t e r~s of t he f i rst s ent ence of the p roJ os al a r c, more over, ooth too v ague and too wi de in ·t heir bearing . - F or it w- ould b e i mpossi lJle to limit t he :f i e l d of app l ic a-~ion of t h is text, sinc e leg i s l a tive d is c ~i m in at ion , other thari that b a sed on r a c e , s ex, l anguages and r el i g ions n~ay h e of infinite vari ety. ' ' "" · C. P . ( BU L/P) Do c.11 8. ContemlJorai'Y leg isla tion proviaes · :for many kinds of dis crilaina tion in the pol itical" . economic and social field. · In Fr ance , members of Royal f amilies are not eligible for the P j~esidcn c y of .t he Republic. In Belgi1.1m 9 hundreds of· thousai'lds of :former 11 colla uorators 11 have ·been deprived by a re.cent Law of t he right. to v ote .. In almost all counti'ies~ there are categ oJ."ies ~:' persons to \vh om special measures a re appliE)d. 1 1urning· .to the e cor.omic and s ocia l sphere 9 we find tha t ' 1C:. i s crimina tiontt is almost genex'al : tax exeraption and rebates; special benefits granted to ·.var victims; scholarships; p':Pivileget:. of al.l ~.<::inc_s - so r!lany instances of discrimination thJ."ough the .::. e.w itself or its application, between persons of ·Ghe s oJ:16 nationa l tiy, If t he first part of the British Delegation's proposal \V ere applied lit e rally ~ it would cover a ll such cases. It would apply, in. p articular, to certain case s where the l egis l a tor 9 · 1n pPoviding :for spec:i.a1 treatment, has in mind not the persona l sta tus of certain specified individua ls , but their a c t;s or action. Such an extension of' th·e notion of discrimina tion w· ould 9 if accepted, render it ·impossible for the Bulgarian l egisla tor t o enact such measures and l egal s a ctions as may be required to deal wi"i:; h. certain a ction s~ even if not based upon any discri minatopy 9ri nciple . If t he f i rst Dart of the Brit.ish arnendment ;vere not so wide in scope· as to ~Je al mo.st absurd~ it would ?e meaningless; for it i s d iff i cult to imagine to what discriminatory measures strictly speaking , 6t her than those based on race , sex~ language or religion) it could apply. In both casos 9 t he firs·c part of the British amendment .is i D.accepto!)lc t o ~ _le 3ul ga]:i an Delega·cion. Palais du I , uxer!l~:>ourg 9 Paris. September 20 9 1946 DIE . f~alais · d u . Luxen1bourg ' ...... · ·· ··· ·· ························ ········ ···· ··· ······ ·· ······· ·· ·· O. P . (BUL/P) O. J . 11 ' September 17 ~ 194.6 Political an d Ter r itorial Commission f or BiJLGAiUA . Meeting on Tue sday 1 Sept emb er 17 , 194G, at 4 p .m. I • A G E N DA I . - Consideration ·of Article II and foll owing articles . Luxembourg Pala ce Paris ' Septemb. er 17, 1946 • / .· ~ • DE o I . , a a1s du Lu~embourg I . ·: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ;: :: : :~:: :: : :. ::: :;.:::::: :::::: ::::;::: ::::::::::::: ·:::: ::::::::::::;::.::: ·.::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: :·: :::::: ::::::::::!:: :::::::::: :·::::::·.: :::.:::::: :;::: ::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::·. C.P . (BUL/P) O.J. 12 Sepjemb e r 18," 1946 :Po1i tical an d Territo rial Comln.ission for \ . BULGARIA. Meeting on Wednesday, Sept·ember' U:3, 1946 .A G EN;DA •• I.- Consideration of Article 34 and following articles. Luxembourg Pal·ace Paris Sep tember 18, 1946 . . . .c ON1F ElR ·E'JNf CE · Palais · du Luxerribourf} F::::::::::::::::::::::·::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:::::::;::::::::::::::::i::::-·:::::::::::::::::::: .:::. ;::.•: ::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::-. I .. C. P. (BUL/P) {)~ J. 13 19 September 1946 · I Political and Territorial Camnission for BULGARI A 1. Consideration of the observations presented by the Bulgarian Delegation to the text of the additional Article 2a submitted by the Deleg~tion of Great Britain. '' , I ' I Luxembourg Palace Paris• 19 September 1946. .. C.P. (BUL/P ) Doc.l3 D R A F T PO LITICAL AND TERRITORIA_L COiv_GiJI SSION FOR BUlGARIA GENEP..AL P..EPORT TO Th e President Sir: Th e Political E~,:r:d -1'el.:ritor :.al c'ornmiss·ion f o r Bulgar ia h eld 16 meetings under the Ci.lai:cmanshi p of .Mr. Ki ssel ev, Del egate of the Sovietic Socialiat P.epublic of Byel orussi a. The Commi s s ion consistE::.d of D8legat o from the following c ouhtries: U, S, A. 7 Australi:.=t; S oyi et:i.c So cialist Republic -of Byelo russia, France , United K:1_:;_1,3,C.un, Greece, :ndia, New Zealand, Sovietic Socialist RepuJlic of U~{raino? U.S . S.R., Uni on of South Africa, Czechos l Dvaki o. a::1d Yut;os lr.-..r:La " -., Mr. J o::·dan, Del egate of l'~ew Zea land, was a 9pointed Vice Chairman and I, as the . Del eGa Lt:: :J f -;;:a.e lJnited Kingdom, was appointed Rapporteur. The task of the Colluniss :i_on c onsi sted in exam1n1ng certain ,parts of the draf t Peac e Tr ea:ty lJ (;-l;'Noen -ljhe Allied and As sociated Pow ers and Bulgaria , whi ch has been :pr epar ed by t he Council of Foreign Ministers, with a view t o submi t ting rec ommendati ons t o the Plenary Conference. Th e parts of the drci_f t ~:'r ea ty ·wh:L ch vv er e r ef erre d t o t he Commiss i on wer e as folJ..oY;(::; : PREAMBLE PART I PA~T II PART IV PART VIII In t he c o-;Ars e ot its w o ::.~l: , t h e Commi ssion examined propos ed amendments. submi t t ecl b y tho JJJ.stral ian Delegat ion, which were numbered C. P. GEN. Dec . l B 32 , B 33, B 34 1 B 41, B 42, B 43t B 4- 4, , and B 45, t C!gether wi th the obseTvc-d;ions s ubmi t t ed by the Bulgarian Government ( CP. GEN. D e c .~ 4) , i n as far as thes e r elated t o Articles ·which t }le Comrn::Lssi on was c om:;:':-:;on t t o take into c onsiderat ion and wer e end o r :J~d b] one of t he De lega t i ons r epr es ented on the Commission. C.P.(BUL/P) Do9.13 The Commission heard a statement by the Bulgarian Delegation re1ating to Article 1.· On the othur hand, the following amendments, r esolution and proposals were r~)f ·e rr ed to the Ccrnmission in the course cf the discussion: PREAN.tBLE : 1 ::1E1endmont by the Byelorussian DelE::gation. 1 sub- an.er.n.dme.m.1t by ths Yugcslav D..;lE:.:gaticn. ARTICLE I: 1 amendment submitted by th ~~ Greek D!::.legation. 1 resolution su.hmittcd by the Grook Delegation • .ARTICLE II: 1 proposal by the United :Kingdom Delegation which, was initially submitted as an nmundm.::nt, adding a new par8.graph to Article 2, and which, in the course of debats, was subsequently moved by U.K. Delegation as a proposed new article 2a. Furthermore, the Commissich later invit ~d "tihe Bulg3.r ian Deleg ation to set out, in Writing, their cbservatiohs on the propos~l of a new Article 2"Bt submitted by the Deli3gf.lticn of United Kingdom. 0 6 0 As a result of this ex2.n:~ inati on , the Ccmmission I. As regards the. Prearable : (1) A) unanimously reco :~1mends to the Pleno.ry Conference to adopt without alteration parag:raphs 1 and 2. B) with ref er onc o t o paragraph 3, t he Co .:.Jm.iso i on, having r Gj ected, by nine votes t o f our, an o.:.-n cndment submitted by the Byelorussian Delegation r esuming the ~..:b.s orvations of tho Bulgarj_::m -Delegation, recommends tc the lllenary Conference t o adopt paragr aph 3 without alterations. (1) Paragr aphs 3 and 4 in t h e E:::1glish and Russian t exts appear in the French text as one paragraph 3 including 2 recitals • • C. P. ( BUI,fP ) Doc .13 3. ' ' 0) with r e f f~ r t:m o e t c par agr9.ph 4, an arwndmcnt 13 )2 s u.bmi tted by the Austra lian D~ legati ·~ n mtlvine br-;en r c:.; f erred t r tho CC'mr.d.R G:i, on, which a i ms at : n.) i ncluding a ft er th\,.; wcrds "a peac e tr e:::~ ty" the· W(: rdo "conforming t o the principles c:f jus tic(~ ". b) j.nclv1ing in tl:~ e 4th par ggra1)h, ~dt c r th.:J wcrds " rrincip10s cf ju:J t i oa ", t he worclr: "and s ecuring t c.1 a ll pers 0 ns in t crri t cries aff 0c tad by tbi3 T r e~ ty, t h(: cnj cyt,Jent ,- f hut:lun right s f~ncl f un d<::..FlEmt a l fr,': .:dc)iUG with0ut disttnct~cn of r nce, s ex , language or r ol igi ~n c) a lt•Jrir.p; , in t he fourth par agr aph, t h \-; cr der (' f t h8 tv~ s .;.nt onc t~ n , i n nuch a W"iy t hat !:· ftcr thG words "lr:ingUC1€; t: cr r r::l i.p;i:r n", t h -: t ext cf t h e preamble shculd r<..D. d [\:;J f oJlcVnJ: 11 Will settli:; qu r:;~~ti c nB still cuts t e-nding ·:..r3 D r esult C' f th'0 events h ,~, r ·:dnbefo r >; · r cci t ed and f~~ -0b:::. s is of friendl y :c<.l at i.cna b et vn;cn t h c,J, t h o:r,:by en c-~b l i n ,•: , etc ••• ", thL~ r emaining WC• rds being i d Ol1ti.0!1l Wi. t h t h e t ext r:- f the dr aft Trent y . d ) add e.ft.,.; r t h o wc r1s "und•.:r t !h': auspic es" t he words 11 r,f th0 Charter cf". +) Draws th.e a ttenticn nf the J? J pnar y Confer,;nc .'J. t 2 t ::w f':lct t h :'1t h e.ving :r e jected by 8 V(') t GE1 t _-; 4- , with one abst ention, t hv uub- ."!.mend:.rucnt pr E)iJ f:mted by t he Yugc s l ::tv Del eg e::;.tt ... n rn::-o pC' ning t h ~ incltwion of the wcr d.rJ "in wh ich thc.-dr wisb t r. abido by th(~· p,rinciples i'f juf:l.ticG will find expression" aft t~ r th0 v·mrds 11' the !'<:nc c Treaty", it w :1.0 d .-~ r id.:: d by l ~2 vot os t o 1, t o 11d ·-~ pt l)art { r. ) c: f th ~ : 1unt:r.n.J.j ·'Ul cune.ndment. . 2) J)rawe t hf".· a.t .t enticn- (':f th<: 'P l~: nnry ·ccnfe-r\mc o t c t ho f act that Part (c) ~ f tho Axw t ra lian ?..mendm , . ent WJ.,9 1mrmimous ly r:td~:p t c d. 3) Draws t he' a.t t (:'nt10n cf tho Plen:::ry Cc:nfe::: r 0nce to t h G f ';.ct · thn.t Pa.11t (b) wr=.. s wi thdrl;l.wn py the Austr :;lian JJe::: l egat j,.cn . 4) Draws t h<:: a ttention cf tho Pl en ar y CcnfG r enc e tothc f a ct that J?nrt (d) has bee.:--:. r o j ectcd without opposi tj_ cn • ..An d i n c ons equenc c · : Uno.nimou.s ly r ec omrmmds t o tho Pl cm:.. ry Conf er enc e t hat :Cn.ragraph 4 s h~t uld b e draft (~d .as :follows : • • C. P.(BUL/ P) Doc . l3 4. "whereas the Llli ed and Associated Powers an d Bulg2" ria a r e r espective ly desir cus cf concluding a Treaty of P 08- ce whi ch , .9. onfcr.min,g_ t o the princ:ij_)].e ::J cf jus t_ig~ wi ll settle qu esticns still cut standi ng a~ a r ~3_u1 1 cf t h e ev ents h er einbef or e r ecit ed an d will f or m t h e basi s of fri endl y r el ations b et we en th e~ . Th er eb y · enabling the All i ed and As s oc i at ed Power s t c suppor t Bul garia ' s a ppl i ca t i on t c b eccme a lilE:mb er cf the United Naticns :.1nd a ls o t c a dher :: t r. <:illy C onventicn c one l ud ed under tho r:l us pices of tho Uni t e d Nat :l.cns " . D) Unanimc usly r ecommen ds t :.:; the Pl ena r y Conf er enc e the a d cption of :Par agr aph 5 vvithcut a rt er a ticn , II. As r egar ds Lrtic l o l, t h e Conrroj_ssicn h e.s c cnsi dcrGd 1) an a mendment submi. t t ed by t ho Greek Do2. egnti c: n vvni ch pr opos ed the r eotifi ca ticn of the G:!' e e:Y. Bul garism frontiers in f a. vour cf Gr ee c E~ . 2) a r es c l uticn ~ · r opos e d by t hc Gr eek I.> ol eg ntion r equesting the ILi l i t nry Cmm:n i ssi cn t c oxa'mine t h e mi lit a r y j_ l!rp lic ati ons cf t he ab cv e amcndmcmt 8-nd t c.' r r:;po rt en the meas :_'.. r 8 of security whi ch Greec e wr u l d gai n f r om t h .e a c quisi tion cf 0 c!rtai n s tr':l. t cgi ca l a d vc,n t E~g os i mpl i eel i n t he aL1endment, or t c indicat e wh ether Gr ecco c c uld cbta in t he desired me~ sur e r f s ecur i ty by t he a dcpt i cn of ether changes in the exis t ing f r ontier . This r es olut i on, t o wh i ch the Gr f;e k D('.; l cgatic:n a :Jc ept ed 11 s ub- c:.mend me nt of t he New Zeal nnd D c l c g a t~ c n~ ~ r op c· sj_ ng the a ddit i on a t t he end cf t h e l ast par agr a ph cf t h e wards : " or by ariy other moans" , wa s car r i <::: d by ci gnt v ot es t o five . Aft er c cnsi der a ticn C' f t h o r eport cf the T·h li t a r y Com- miss ion, the Ccmmi s s i on r e j ected tho , Gr2ek 8J'lencl mo nt b y 2 v ot es (U. S . A., Austra lin. , Sovi etic Socia l i s t Republic of By c l c· russi a , Fr anc e , Cz echcslcvaki a , 8 cvi etic Socio.. list Rr::;:mblic cf Ukr a ine , U . S . S . ~ ., and Yugoslov i n ) t o 2 (Greec e an d Unic·n cf s ,~uth /d r i ca ), wi th 3 abst enti ons ~ Unit e d I(j_ngdom, India rmd Nc;vl Zen:JJlnd ), and decided by 10 -v o-i; c s ( D. i3 . l: .. , Aus tra lia , Sovietic Sc ci : '~. list Hc:publi c of By elor ussia , Franc e , United Kingdom, New Zcal an d , Ozcch csl·cva ki:::. J Sovi etic Socia ll.st Republic cf mcra i ne , r~ . S . d . H . , and Yugcs lJvia) t o l (G r eec e) , wit h 2 ;;~hs t e n t i c n s (India and TJi'ti cn cf Scuth Africa ) , t o r cco.nt:i1c nd t o the Plenar y Ccnf e r c nc 0~ t he adc: pthm cf Arti c l e l with out amen dment.