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A Semantic Web Engineering Model A Semantic Web Engineering Model Sandeep Kumar, Satyaveer Sangwan, Kuldeep Kumar, Ankita Jain models. The paper has been concluded in Section-6. Abstract —Web Engineering provides the systematic approach to the development of web applications. The Semantic Web is the II. WEB AND SEMANTIC WEB extension of current Web and further the Semantic Web applications can be considered as the augmentation of web applications with The current web can be characterized as the second web ontological annotations. But, the efficient, reliable and systematic generation. It was meant for direct human processing. The development of semantic web based systems cannot be performed third generation web, which one could call the semantic web, using existing web engineering models only. The engineering and aims at machine process able information. Semantic web may systematic approach for the development of semantic web be compared with current web as shown in Table I. applications can be called as semantic web engineering. In this paper, the work has been done to propose a life cycle model for the TABLE I systematic development of semantic web applications. The CHARACTERISTICS DIFFERENTIATING SEMANTIC WEB FROM CURRENT WEB implementation and validation corresponding to the proposed model Current Web Semantic Web has also been performed. Current web content are machine- Semantic web content are Keywords —Ontology, Semantic Web, Semantic Web readable but not machine machine-readable and machine Engineering, Web Engineering understandable. understandable [1]. Current web is just like a book, Data is given well-defined I. INTRODUCTION having multiple hyperlinked meaning, understandable by HE document semantic web is an evolving development of documents. machines [1] [2]. the World Wide Web in which the meaning of information T Current web have only visual The semantic web is to provide a and services on the web is defined, making it possible for the design and shared functional language that expresses the data web to understand and satisfy the requests of people and languages that does not allow any and that can be used for reasoning machines to use the web content. It is usually observed that the existing knowledge representation about the data and that allows rules semantic web is lacking methodologies for development of system to be exported onto the web any existing knowledge [2]. representation system to be semantic web applications. We argue that existing exported onto the web [3]. methodologies are no longer relevant for the systematic Current web is called a web of Semantic web is the web of development of semantic web based applications. paper, the documents containing data. ontologies having data with formal work has been done to identify and analyze the deficiencies in meaning [1]. the web engineering model that make it unfit for the Resource utilization is minimum. i. Resource utilization is maximum i. development of semantic web applications. Based upon this e. web resources are not annotated e. web resources are annotated analysis, an engineering model for the development of properly by the metadata. properly by the metadata. semantic web applications has also been presented. It has been determined that In semantic web formal semantic The paper has been structured as follows. Apart from inaccessible part of the web is of data is available via ontologies introduction in section-1, the section-2 presents basics of the about five hundred times more than and completely accessible to current web and the semantic web. The brief descriptions of what search engines find [4]. semantic search engines. the difference between web engineering and semantic web The information searching, The information searching, accessing, extracting, interpreting accessing, extracting, interpreting engineering is presented in Section-3. Section-4 presents and processing from the current and processing from the current proposed engineering model for the semantic web web is difficult and time web is easy and efficient [1]. applications. Section-5 presents the comparison of our consuming. proposed engineering model to other existing semantic web III. WEB ENGINEERING AND SEMANTIC WEB ENGINEERING Sandeep Kumar is with Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247667, India. E-mail: This section presents the differences between the web [email protected], [email protected]. engineering and semantic web engineering. In today’s Satyaveer Sangwan is working with Department of Information scenario, the most of web content is designed for humans to Technology, M. M. Engineering College, M. M. University, Mullana, India. read, not for computer programs to manipulate meaningfully. Kuldeep Kumar is with Department of Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India. In general, computers have no reliable way to process the Ankita Jain is with Department of Electronics and Communication semantics. The semantic web will bring structure to the Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India. meaningful content of web pages, creating an environment Difference between semantic web engineering and web where software agents roaming from to page can readily carry engineering has given below: out sophisticated tasks for users [3]. To date, the web has Current web applications are primarily oriented toward developed most rapidly as a medium of documents for people human users; operate using unstructured data with informal rather than for data and information that can be processed logic and links between documents. On the other hand, automatically. semantic web applications are oriented toward human users The semantic web aims to make up for this. It means that and machines, operate with structured formal statements, and semantic web contains both characteristics web of documents use a formal descriptive logic with the links between data [1]. containing data as well as web of ontologies. Ontology The outcome of web engineering process are web provides structural knowledge of a domain and its data in the applications that provide web pages that can be displayed in machine-understandable form [1]. A web application, web browser but these applications lack semantic markup. equipped with ontology, is usually referred as Semantic web Whereas, the outcome of semantic web engineering are web application [5].To develop such application, an engineering applications that provide the web contents in machine- approach that is more efficient than the existing approaches understandable form displayed through the web browser as used for the development of web applications i.e. Web well as with machine-understandable metadata process able by engineering. This idea of the new engineering approach the computer system. providing systematic method for the development of semantic web applications can be referred as semantic web engineering. Design Implementation Documentation & Evaluation Integration & Testing Analysis Semantic web system Design Implementation Preliminary Web Ontology model Web Ontology model Fig.1 Proposed Engineering Model for Development of Semantic Web Based System. The details description of the generation of web pages IV. PROPOSED SEMANTIC WEB ENGINEERING MODEL activities is carried out in our last work [6]. There are focuses Semantic web based system and applications consist of on the construction of ontology activities. The ontology machine understandable content as well as human development activities mainly consist of five phases: Analysis, understandable content. The proposed engineering models Design, Implementation, Integration & Testing and have focused on both of these points. Fig. 1 shows a proposed Documentation & Evaluation [5] [7]. All these phases are engineering model for the development of semantic web based described as: system and applications. There are two major activities carried For developing semantic web system, a new model called a out parallel- generation of web pages and construction of preliminary web ontology model should be prepared at logical content. analysis phase. This model captures all requirements necessarily to develop web ontology of particular domain in for the systematic development of semantic web based system order to enable content and descriptive knowledge of that and applications. The works by Geralc Reif et al. [10], Peter domain in machine process able format. At design phase, a Plessers et al. [11] and Amjad Farooq el al. [12] have also web ontology model should be prepared. It contains formal presented model for semantic web applications development. description of preliminary domain model produced in analysis WEESA- Web engineering for semantic web applications and it may contain instance data as well. Both of these are have presented by Geralc Reif et al. [10]. It generates semantic represented as a set of triples and these can be shown in the annotations by defining a mapping between the XML schema form of graph. Each resource and its instance are represented and the existing ontologies. WEESA cannot directly use using a set of statements describing the same resource. Since domain ontologies created/reused during the web design ontology is based on Resource Description Framework model, process, but instead need to define this mapping regarding less therefore there design a model so-called RDF model, from if a domain ontology was used during the design process or preliminary ontology model generated in previous phase. not. Data
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