Frenchiseverywhere-SDSU 2
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#FRENCHISEVERYWHERE FRENCH Flip through SDSU these pages to discover a side of France you never knew! No matter what your academic, professional or personal interests, French is relevant, French is practical, and… #FrenchIsEverywhere ! Why learn French? They wrote the book on human rights: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du Improves English vocabulary: 30% - citoyen), passed by France's National 50% of English comes from French or Latin Constituent Assembly in August 1789, had a through French. (French was the mother major impact on the development of freedom tongue of every English king from William and democracy in Europe and worldwide. the Conqueror (1066) until Henry IV (1399– 1413). With native speakers on every continent, French is expanding fast in Exposure to the French world view and the fastest-growing areas of the world, values: Less money-oriented, materialistic, especially in Africa. The latest stats anticipate consumerist. Respect for intellectual and that by 2050, French will be spoken by 750 artistic endeavors. million people. Arguably the greatest contribution to 6th largest economy in the world: (2016) 1 Western Civilization since ancient United States – 2 China – 3 Japan – 4 Germany – Greek and Roman cultures: Political 5 United Kingdom – 6 France – 7 India – 8 Italy thought, philosophy, science, art, literature... – 9 Brazil – 10 Canada – 11 Korea – 12 Russia – 13 Spain – 14 Australia – 15 Mexico french.sdsu.edu 1 ARTS & HUMANITIES of course… Art the 1980s, embraced this method, and his influence revitalized and renewed France was arguably a leader in the appreciation for this style, and shaped development of Romanesque art. What ballet as a whole. we now call Gothic art, was the French style. The Renaissance led to Italy The French method is often characterized becoming the main source of stylistic by technical precision, fluidity and developments until France matched gracefulness, and elegant, clean lines. The Italy's influence during the late precision of footwork and the emphasis of Baroque period and Neoclassicism strength and elegance define the method. and then regained the leading role in the Arts from the 19th to the Deaf Studies #FRENCHISEVERYWHERE mid-20th century. Some art The first sign language developed movements that began in France: in France in the 18th century. “Old “Gothic,” Classicism, Rococo, French” sign language developed Romanticism, Impressionism, Post- organically in the deaf community of Impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dada, Paris. Based on his observations of deaf Surrealism, Pop Art. (Wikipedia) people signing with their hands in the FRENCH streets of Paris, the Abbé Charles Michel Dance de l'Épée started the Institution Nationale des The “French method” of ballet can Sourds-Muets in Paris in 1760. Combined be traced back to 17th century with French grammar, the manual France. This method is the basis of language evolved into the first official SDSU all ballet training. In 1661, Louis XIV French Sign Language. Laurent Clerc, a created the Académie Royale de Danse where student of his and teacher at the school, the codified technique still used today by traveled to the U.S. with Thomas Hopkins those in the profession, regardless of what Gallaudet and, in 1817, co-founded the method of training they adhere to. first school for the deaf in the U.S., Rudolf Nureyev, the accomplished dancer the American School for the Deaf in and director of the Paris Opera Ballet in Hartford. I think, therefore I am. “Je pense, donc je suis,” a philosophical proposition made by French philosopher René Descartes in 1673, is a fundamental element of Western philosophy. french.sdsu.edu 2 ARTS & HUMANITIES continued... Film Music Louis Le Prince was a French artist France produced some of the world’s and inventor of the motion picture greatest composers: Berlioz, Bizet, camera, being the first person to shoot a Debussy, Lully, Ravel, and Satie. In moving picture sequence using a single 1982, the first Fête de la Musique, lens camera and a strip of (paper) film created by the French Minister of (1888). Culture, took place. It’s a nationwide street concert every June 21st that has Léon Bouly invented the now been adopted in over 120 countries. Cinematograph, a motion picture film camera that also serves as a film projector In the 1690s, Étienne Loulié invented #FRENCHISEVERYWHERE and printer (1892). several devices: a device for tracing music staves on paper, a Auguste and Louis Lumière gave metronome-like chronomètre based the first commercial, public on the Galilean seconds pendulum, and a screening of cinematographic films in sonomètre for tuning harpsichords Paris in 1895. that used the monochord as a point of Georges Méliès was the first departure. He is credited with FRENCH filmmaker to use the stop trick, or introducing the six-fold system of substitution, multiple exposures, meter classification still taught time-lapse photography, dissolves, today. and hand-painted color in his films. In 1759, Jean-Baptiste Thillaie SDSU His most famous film, A Trip to the Delaborde, invented the clavecin Moon (Le voyage dans la Lune), in 1902, was électrique, the earliest surviving the first science fiction film and the electric-powered musical most popular movie of its time. Another instrument, pre-dated only by the Denis of his films, Le Manoir du diable is also d'or (a Czech invention and possibly the sometimes considered to be the first first electric instrument in history) which horror film. is only known from written accounts. Josephine Baker Born in the U.S. in 1906, she was a mega celebrity in France and and a French Resistance agent. She refused to perform for segregated audiences in the United States, and France welcomed her and many other American artists with open arms. french.sdsu.edu 3 ARTS & HUMANITIES wait, there’s more... Philosophy amusing juxtapositions, mingling social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary A small few… René Descartes: Paris streets and cafes. In more than France’s national philosopher, whose twenty books he presented a charming Discourse on Method defined thought as the vision of human frailty and life as a series essential human quality. Voltaire: A of quiet, incongruous moments. caustic and playful writer whose Candide savaged the complacent optimism of his Henri Cartier-Bresson was a age. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Swiss- French humanist photographer born but appropriated by the French as considered a master of candid the intellectual father of their 1789 photography, and an early user of revolution. Jean-Paul Sartre: The 35 mm film. He pioneered the #FRENCHISEVERYWHERE theorist and living embodiment of the genre of street photography, and public intellectual, who confronted all the viewed photography as capturing a powerful institutions of his time (the decisive moment. bourgeois state, the Communist party, the university system). Simone de World Languages Beauvoir: Her The Second Sex (1949), Alsace, a French region that FRENCH drew on existentialist philosophy to offer a borders Germany, has been passed ground-breaking account of women’s between French and German oppression, thus charting the path for control several times since 1681, modern feminism. (https://www.theguardian.com/ when Strasbourg was books/2015/jun/13/10-most-celebrated-french-thinkers- conquered by French forces. philosophy) SDSU Alsatian is a Germanic dialect spoken Photography in Alsace. You can say “ça geht’s?" to your Robert Doisneau is the French friends when you see them, which is a photographer whose work everyone direct mixture of “ça va?” in French and recognizes. He was known for his “wie geht’s?" in German, to mean “how modest, playful, and ironic images of are you?”. Street photography born in France Doisneau is renowned for his 1950 image Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville (Kiss at City Hall). Right: Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir. french.sdsu.edu 4 CAREER TECHNICAL EDUCATION Great minds! Accounting carrying people) and the first free flight with human passengers; the first manned It is generally accepted that cost hydrogen balloon. 1852: The first accounting did not develop until the late powered, controlled, sustained lighter- 1880s, a period referred to as the costing than-air flight is believed to have taken renaissance. But this may be inaccurate, place when Henri Giffard flew 15 miles in based on writings on cost accounting in France with a steam engine driven craft. 19th century France. Engineers 1884: The first fully controllable free- contributed significantly to the flight. 1857: A monoplane with a tail development of cost accounting in 19th plane and retractable undercarriage made and 20th century France. These writings, the first successful powered glide in #FRENCHISEVERYWHERE mainly by graduates of French history. 1907: The first time a manned engineering schools, discussed helicopter is known to have risen off the overhead allocation, depreciation, ground. And a lot more… (Wikipedia) transfer prices, and the distinction between fixed and variable costs Automotive Technology long before these topics were discussed in Anglo-Saxon analysis. French Army Captain Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February 1725 – 2 October FRENCH (www.inderscience.com) 1804) built the first working self- Aeronautical & Aviation propelled land-based mechanical Technology vehicle, the world's first automobile. He was one of the first to successfully employ SDSU The term "aviation" was coined in a device for converting the reciprocating 1863 by French pioneer Guillaume motion of a steam piston into a rotary Joseph Gabriel de La Landelle, and the motion by means of a ratchet Airbus A380 is the world’s largest arrangement. A small version of his passenger plane. three-wheeled fardier à vapeur ("steam 1783: The Montgolfiers launched the first dray") was made and used in 1769. manned flight (a tethered balloon ParisTech Pierre Bézier attended the prestigious École Nationale des Arts & Métiers ParisTech.